Broken joint rammed earth wall

Abstract

To provide a broken joint rammed earth wall which can be laminated in multiple layers using rammed earth blocks and is not easily destroyed even by shaking such as an earthquake.SOLUTION: A broken joint rammed earth wall includes: a plurality of core materials set up at intervals; a plurality of rammed earth blocks, each formed into a cube or rectangular prism by compacting soil, arranged in a first direction, which is the direction in which the core materials move apart, between adjacent core materials, and stacked with adjacent lower and upper tiers offset in the first direction; a plurality of reinforcing bars that pass through through holes formed in the upper tier rammed earth blocks between adjacent core materials and through holes formed in the lower tier rammed earth blocks to match the through holes in the upper tier rammed earth blocks; and a plurality of strip-shaped members that are arranged between the lower tier rammed earth blocks and the upper tier rammed earth blocks and are stretched between the core materials.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This invention relates to an improvement over rammed earth walls constructed using the conventional rammed earth construction method, and to a rammed earth wall with break joints that is easy to work with and can be used to construct tall earthen walls. [Background technology]

[0002] Rammed earth walls have long been known to be constructed, and are often seen in the construction of walls for temples and shrines. This method involves pouring earth into a formwork and compacting it layer by layer at appropriate heights, and repeating this process for multiple layers. However, when constructing walls using rammed earth, there are fundamental problems, such as the total weight being heavy and the structural instability of compacting the earth making it difficult to build high, and so rammed earth is rarely used today. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2012-087017 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Patent Document 1 describes a rammed earth wall, as shown in Figure 5. This wall structure is made by piling up pre-prepared masonry blocks. The gaps between each block are filled with joint material to construct the wall. However, this type of structure has the problem that when blocks are stacked in multiple layers, each block is only joined by joint material, making it vulnerable to shaking caused by earthquakes and the like.

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a rammed earth wall with broken joints that can be constructed by stacking blocks made of rammed earth in multiple layers and that is less likely to collapse even when subjected to shaking such as an earthquake. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the rammed earth wall with a broken joint according to the present invention comprises a plurality of core materials erected at intervals, a plurality of rammed earth blocks each formed into a cube or rectangular parallelepiped by compacting soil, arranged in a first direction between adjacent core materials, and stacked with a lower tier and an upper tier offset in the first direction, a plurality of reinforcing bars penetrating through holes formed in the upper tier rammed earth blocks between adjacent core materials and through holes formed in the lower tier rammed earth blocks to match the through holes in the upper tier rammed earth blocks, and a plurality of strip-shaped members disposed between the lower tier rammed earth blocks and the upper tier rammed earth blocks and stretched between the core materials. This ensures the overall strength of the rammed earth wall with a broken joint, even if the rammed earth blocks obtained by compacting soil are stacked upwards, which are relatively low in strength and prone to crumbling.

[0007] The through holes of the rammed earth block may be elongated holes.

[0008] The core material may have a pair of metal plates having a U-shaped cross section, with web portions of the metal plates connected back to back. Effect of the Invention

[0009] In the present invention, the above-mentioned configuration is adopted, so that blocks made of tamped earth can be stacked in multiple layers, and are less likely to collapse even when subjected to shaking such as an earthquake. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] Front view showing rammed earth blocks stacked with through joints [Diagram 2]Front view showing the framework for stacking rammed earth blocks [Diagram 3] Cross-sectional diagram showing the relationship between the rammed earth block and the core material [Figure 4] Cross-section showing another relationship between the rammed earth block and the core material [Diagram 5] A perspective view showing the rammed earth block body. [Figure 6] Front view showing rammed earth blocks stacked with break joints [Figure 7] Cross-sectional view showing an example of a rammed earth block applied to a break joint [Figure 8] A cross-sectional view showing an example of another rammed earth block. [Figure 9] Cross-sectional diagram of rammed earth blocks stacked with joint material applied to the broken joints DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a state where rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked, and a rammed earth wall 2 is created by stacking the rammed earth blocks 1 with through joints (imoji). 3-3 are frameworks provided on both sides. The figure shows a state where 19 layers of rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked. In this embodiment, the rammed earth blocks 1 are not simply stacked, but a framework structure is adopted so that they will not collapse when stacked. FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example of a framework structure, and multiple core members 4 are erected at equal intervals between the framework members 3-3. The specific configuration of the core member 4 does not need to be particularly limited, and the purpose is to prevent the rammed earth blocks 1 from collapsing when stacked. However, as the core member 4 used in this embodiment, a configuration in which the web portions of a U-shaped metal plate 5 in a plan view are integrated into a pair of metal plates 5 back to back as shown in FIG. 3 is preferable. The metal plate 5 can be obtained by drawing aluminum or the like. The material of the metal plate 5 is not limited to aluminum, and may be a channel-shaped steel plate. What is required of the metal plate 5 is that it should facilitate stacking of the rammed earth blocks 1 by forming a framework structure and prevent collapse, and there are no particular requirements as long as it satisfies these requirements. However, a material that adheres well to mortar is preferable. As shown in Figure 4, only one metal plate 5 is used on each side of the core material 4 that comes into contact with the frame 3.

[0012] Next, a preferred form of the rammed earth block 1 will be explained. Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the main body of the rammed earth block 1, which is a cube as a whole, with arc-shaped recesses 6, 6 formed on both longitudinal sides, i.e., on the short sides. The rammed earth block 1 is obtained by pouring soil into a formwork (not shown) and tamping it hard, and uses only natural materials without using cement as the raw material. Therefore, it is possible to reuse it as rammed earth block material by removing the completed wall surface and other facilities, recovering the rammed earth block 1, and then crushing it.

[0013] Next, the procedure for constructing the rammed earth wall 2 will be explained. First, as shown in Figure 2, the core material 4 is erected at equal intervals between the frames 3 and 3. The core material 4 has only one metal plate 5 erected on each side, and two metal plates 5 erected back to back in the middle. Next, the rammed earth blocks 1 are installed in a row so that they are inserted between the core materials 4, and stacked, for example, in three rows as one unit. Then, as shown in Figure 3, the space formed by the recesses 6 and 6 of the adjacent rammed earth blocks 1 and 1 is filled with mortar 7. The mortar 7 functions to reliably position the rammed earth blocks 1 relative to the core material 4. Furthermore, the rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked on top of them in the same process, and the mortar 7 is filled in to raise the rammed earth wall 2 to the planned height. The rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked based on the core material 4 and are installed relative to the core material 4 via the mortar 7, so they are stable, and there is no particular need to fix the upper and lower rammed earth blocks with joint materials.

[0014] In the above embodiment, the rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked one by one facing upward between the upright core materials 4, but if the height of the rammed earth wall 2 is to be kept low, two rammed earth blocks 1·1 can be placed side by side between adjacent core materials 4 and only one side of each rammed earth block can be restrained by the core material 4.

[0015] In the above embodiment, the rammed earth blocks 1 are stacked with through joints, but it is also possible to construct a rammed earth wall with broken joints (horse joints). In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the core material 4 is in contact with or near the frame body 3-3, and the channel-shaped metal plate used in the first embodiment is erected, and the same metal plate 5 is erected back-to-back between them. The rammed earth blocks 1 are different in shape from the rammed earth blocks 1 used in the through joints. The rammed earth blocks used in this embodiment are shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. The rammed earth block 8 in FIG. 7 has a basic shape of a rectangular parallelepiped like the rammed earth block shown in FIG. 5, but the arc-shaped recess 6 is only provided on one side. And, a through hole 10 is formed that opens in the vertical direction and passes through the reinforcing steel bar 9. The through hole 10 is a long hole. The rammed earth block 11 shown in FIG. 8 also has a basic shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but does not have an arc-shaped recess, and has two through holes 10 formed in parallel.

[0016] To construct the above-mentioned rammed earth wall with the broken joint, first, the core material 4 is erected near and in the middle of the frame body 3-3 as described above. Next, the rammed earth block 8 shown in FIG. 7 is placed in the lowest row so that the recess of the rammed earth block 8 is in contact with the core material 4, and the rammed earth block 8 shown in FIG. 8 is arranged in the part not in contact with the core material 4. Next, the rammed earth block 8 in the upper row is stacked in a staggered manner so that half of the blocks overlap with the row of rammed earth blocks in the lower row. Between the adjacent core materials 4, a plurality of rammed earth blocks in the lower row and the upper row are arranged in the direction in which the core materials 4 move away from each other (called the first direction), and the rammed earth blocks in the lower row and the rammed earth blocks in the upper row are stacked with a shift in the first direction. In this case, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the rammed earth block in the lowest row is half the size in the horizontal direction. In this way, the rammed earth blocks are stacked up and down in a staggered manner to the expected height, and the reinforcing steel bars 9 are inserted into the through holes 10. When the rammed earth blocks are stacked, the through holes 10 of the upper and lower rammed earth blocks 8 are connected, so the reinforcing bars 9 can be passed all the way through to the bottom tier. A strip-shaped member 13 is placed between the lower rammed earth block 8 and the upper rammed earth block 8. The strip-shaped member 13 is hung between the core materials 4. In a rammed earth wall constructed with broken joints, the rammed earth blocks that are not in contact with the core material 4 are connected by the reinforcing bars 9, but since they are not restrained, it is preferable to provide joint materials 12 between the rammed earth blocks that are in contact with each other above and below, as shown in Figure 9. [Explanation of symbols]

[0017] 1 Rammed Earth Block 2 Rammed earth wall 3 Frame 4 Core material 5 metal plate 6 Recess 7. Mortar 8 Rammed Earth Blocks 9 Reinforcing steel bars 10 through hole 11 Rammed Earth Blocks 12 Joint material

Claims

1. A plurality of core materials arranged at intervals; A plurality of rammed earth blocks, each formed into a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped by compacting soil, arranged in a first direction in which the core materials move apart between adjacent core materials, and stacked with a lower tier and an upper tier adjacent in the vertical direction offset from each other in the first direction; Between adjacent core materials, a plurality of reinforcing bars penetrating through holes formed in the upper rammed earth block and through holes formed in the lower rammed earth block in accordance with the through holes of the upper rammed earth block; A broken joint rammed earth wall comprising: a plurality of strip-shaped members arranged between the lower rammed earth block and the upper rammed earth block, and spanning between the plurality of core materials.

2. The rammed earth wall of claim 1 , wherein the through holes of the rammed earth blocks are slotted holes.

3. 3. The rammed earth wall with broken joints according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the core material has a pair of metal plates having a U-shaped cross section, and web portions of the metal plates are connected back to back.

Images