Surface structure and method for manufacturing surface structure

Abstract

To provide a surface structure capable of lowering floor height and a method for manufacturing the surface structure.SOLUTION: A surface structure 20 is manufactured by pouring a cement-based material into a wooden formwork for surface structure 21. The surface structure 20 includes a wooden lower surface material 25, a wooden rib material 26 connected to an upper surface 25a of the wooden lower surface material 25, and a cement-based surface material 22 connected to the upper end of the wooden rib material 26 and provided above the wooden lower surface material 25 with a gap therebetween.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a surface structure applied to floors of buildings and a method for manufacturing the surface structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Planar structures made of cement-based members and wood have been used as building floors. For example, the planar structure of Patent Document 1 has a plurality of wooden rod-shaped members arranged side by side at a predetermined interval, and a planar cement-based member supported by the plurality of wooden rod-shaped members and positioned above the plurality of rod-shaped members. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-197054 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, the planar structure of Patent Document 1 lacks rigidity and strength, and is therefore installed on metal beams, which makes it easy for the floor height to be increased by the amount of the beams. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The surface structure that solves the above problem comprises a wooden siding, a wooden rib material connected to the upper surface of the wooden siding, and a cement-based surface material connected to the upper end of the wooden rib material and spaced above the wooden siding.

[0006] A manufacturing method for a surface structure that solves the above-mentioned problems includes a rib material connecting step of connecting a wooden rib material to the upper surface of a wooden bottom surface material; a receiving surface material connecting step of connecting a wooden receiving surface material to the upper end of the wooden rib material so that the wooden bottom surface material is spaced above the wooden bottom surface material; and a pouring step of pouring a cement-based material using the wooden bottom surface material, the wooden rib material and the wooden receiving surface material as formwork to form a cement-based surface material supported on the upper surface of the wooden receiving surface material.

[0007] A wooden component for surface construction that solves the above-mentioned problems is a wooden component for surface construction that constitutes the floor of a building, the floor comprising a wooden slab, a wooden rib material connected to the upper surface of the wooden slab, and a cement-based surface material connected to the upper end of the wooden rib material and spaced above the wooden slab, the wooden slab being made up of a number of partial slabs, and the wooden rib material including connecting rib materials that are provided at the boundary between two adjacent partial slabs and connect to each of the adjacent partial slabs.

[0008] According to the above structure, the wooden soffit and the cement-based surface material behave as one unit, which makes it possible to increase the rigidity and strength of the surface structure. This eliminates the need to support the surface structure with small beams, allowing the building to have a lower floor height.

[0009] In the above-described surface structure, it is preferable that the cement-based surface material and the wooden rib material are connected to each other by a first embedding material having one end embedded in the cement-based surface material and the other end embedded in the wooden rib material, thereby enabling a stronger connection between the cement-based surface material and the wooden rib material.

[0010] In the above-described surface structure, it is preferable that the wooden lower panel and the wooden rib member are connected to each other by a second embedding member, one end of which is embedded in the wooden lower panel and the other end of which is embedded in the wooden rib member, thereby enabling a stronger connection between the wooden lower panel and the wooden rib member.

[0011] In the surface structure of the above configuration, it is preferable that the wooden bottom material is composed of a plurality of partial bottom materials, and the wooden rib material includes a connecting rib material provided at the boundary between two adjacent partial bottom materials and connected to each of the two partial bottom materials.

[0012] In the manufacturing method for the above-mentioned panel structure, when the wooden underside material is composed of a plurality of partial underside materials, it is preferable that the rib material connecting process includes a partial underside material connecting process in which a wooden rib material is placed at the boundary between two adjacent partial underside materials and the wooden rib material is connected to each of the two partial underside materials.

[0013] According to these configurations, when the wooden underside panel is made up of a plurality of partial underside panels, the wooden rib material can be used to connect two adjacent partial underside panels. In the surface structure of the above configuration, it is preferable that the wooden rib material has a first wooden rib material group which is a pair of first wooden rib materials, and the cement-based surface material has a cement-based upper surface portion connected to the upper end of the wooden rib material, and a cement-based hanging portion hanging down from the cement-based upper surface portion and positioned between adjacent first wooden rib materials in the first wooden rib material group.

[0014] In the manufacturing method of a surface structure having the above-mentioned configuration, it is preferable that the wooden rib material has a plurality of first wooden rib material groups, which are a pair of first wooden rib materials, and has a second wooden rib material arranged between adjacent first wooden rib material groups, and in the rib material connecting process, the first wooden rib material group and the second wooden rib material are connected to the wooden underside material, and in the receiving surface material connecting process, the wooden receiving surface material is provided excluding the first wooden rib material group, and in the pouring process, cement-based material is poured using the wooden underside material, the first wooden rib material group, the second wooden rib material and the wooden receiving surface material as a formwork to form a cement-based surface material having a cement-based upper surface portion supported on the upper surface of the wooden receiving surface material and a cement-based hanging portion hanging down from the cement-based upper surface portion and located between adjacent first wooden rib materials of the first wooden rib material group.

[0015] According to these configurations, the cement-based surface material has a cement-based hanging portion, which makes it possible to further increase the rigidity and strength of the surface structure. In the above-described planar structure, it is preferable that the cement-based hanging part and the wooden slab are connected by a third embedding material having one end embedded in the cement-based hanging part and the other end embedded in the wooden slab, thereby enabling the cement-based hanging part and the wooden slab to be more firmly connected to each other.

[0016] In the planar structure having the above configuration, it is preferable that the wooden rib material has a plurality of the first wooden rib material groups and a second wooden rib material is provided between adjacent first wooden rib material groups, thereby suppressing a decrease in strength in the portion between adjacent cement-based hanging parts.

[0017] The surface structure of the above configuration preferably has a wooden receiving surface material on the lower surface of the cementitious surface material. This prevents the cementitious material from flowing into the spaces between the wooden ribs even when the cementitious material is poured with the wooden lower surface material placed with its upper surface facing upward. This makes it easy to pour the cementitious material.

[0018] In the case where the surface structure of the above configuration is a surface structure unit having the wooden lower surface material, the wooden rib material, and the cement-based surface material arranged in parallel, it is preferable that the cement-based surface materials of the adjacent surface structure units are connected to each other, so that the load acting on the surface structure can be borne by the multiple surface structure units.

[0019] In the method for manufacturing a surface structure having the above-mentioned configuration, the cement-based material may be poured at the installation site of the surface structure in the pouring step. According to this configuration, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in the size of the surface structure that can be constructed by the continuous cement-based surface material.

[0020] In the method for manufacturing a surface structure having the above configuration, when the surface structure is a surface structure unit including the wooden lower surface material, the wooden rib material, and the cement-based surface material arranged side by side, the casting step may include a transport step of casting a cement-based material at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure unit, and transporting the surface structure unit to the installation location. With this configuration, the casting step can be performed regardless of weather.

[0021] The method for manufacturing a surface structure having the above-mentioned configuration preferably includes a connecting step of connecting the cement-based surface materials of adjacent surface structure units after the carrying step is performed, so that a load acting on the surface structure can be borne by the multiple surface structure units. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing the basic structure of a surface structure in the first embodiment, where (a) is a cross-sectional view of the surface structure taken along line 1a-1a, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the surface structure taken along line 1b-1b, and (c) is a cross-sectional view of the surface structure taken along line 1c-1c. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a portion surrounded by a dashed line 2 in FIG. 1(a) in the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] 4 is a flowchart showing a first manufacturing method for a surface structure in the first embodiment. [Figure 4] Figures for explaining the first manufacturing method for the surface structure in the first embodiment, (a) a figure showing the state after the wooden undersurface material placement process has been completed, (b) a figure showing the state after the rib material connection process has been completed, (c) a figure showing the state after the erection section rib material connection process has been completed, (d) a figure showing the state after the first embedded material connection process has been completed, and (e) a figure showing the state after the receiving surface material connection process has been completed. [Diagram 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a second manufacturing method for a surface structure in the first embodiment, where (a) is a cross-sectional view of a wooden component for surface structure at 5a-5a, (b) is a cross-sectional view of a wooden component for surface structure at 5b-5b, and (c) is a cross-sectional view of a wooden component for surface structure at 5c-5c. [Figure 6]5 is a flowchart showing a second manufacturing method for the surface structure in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] 1A to 1C are diagrams for explaining a third manufacturing method of a surface structure in the first embodiment, where (a) is a cross-sectional view of a surface structure unit at 7a-7a, (b) is a cross-sectional view of a surface structure unit at 7b-7b, and (c) is a diagram of a surface structure unit at 7c-7c. [Figure 8] 5 is a flowchart showing a third manufacturing method for the surface structure in the first embodiment. [Figure 9] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the connecting process in the first embodiment, in which (a) is an end view showing the state after alignment, (b) is an end view showing the state after a rod-shaped material is inserted into a connecting hole, and (c) is an end view showing the state after a filler material has been formed. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing the basic structure of a surface structure in a second embodiment, where (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along 10a-10a, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along 10b-10b. [Figure 11] 11A and 11B are diagrams showing the basic structure of a surface structure in a second embodiment, where (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11a-11a and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11b-11b. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is an enlarged view showing a portion surrounded by a dashed line 12 in FIG. 10(a) in the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the surface structure taken along line 1b-1b in the modified example. [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of a wooden receiving surface material in a modified example of the first embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a connection structure of a wooden receiving surface material in a modified example of the second embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 1C is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the surface structure at 1C-1C in a modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] (First embodiment) A first embodiment of a surface structure, a method for manufacturing a surface structure, and a wooden member for a surface structure will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 9.

[0024] The basic structure of the plane structure of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in Figures 1(a) to 1(c), the planar structure 20 constitutes a floor supported by a plurality of pillars 16 that constitute a building. A building is constructed by installing floors starting from the lower floor, and then fixing the plurality of pillars 16 that support the floors of the upper floors to the floors.

[0025] In the following, the up-down direction is defined based on the planar structure 20 shown in Fig. 1(a). The left-right direction is defined based on Fig. 1(a), and the up-down direction in Fig. 1(b) is referred to as the inside-outside direction. In this embodiment, in addition to the four columns 16 shown in Fig. 1(b), a pair of columns 16 are provided on each floor, one on each side of the four columns 16, arranged in the inside-outside direction. Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) show a portion of the floor supported by the multiple columns 16 surrounded by a dashed line.

[0026] The surface structure 20 has a double floor structure. The surface structure 20 comprises a wooden formwork for surface structure 21 and a cement-based surface material 22. The wooden formwork for surface structure 21 has a wooden lower surface material 25, a wooden rib material 26, an erection portion forming rib material 27, and a wooden receiving surface material 28, and the wooden formwork for surface structure 21 is manufactured by driving various metal members into various types of wood. The cement-based surface material 22 is formed by pouring a cement-based material into the wooden formwork for surface structure 21. The cement-based surface material 22 has a cement-based upper surface portion 29 and a cement-based erection portion 30.

[0027] The wooden underside material 25 is the underside of the double floor structure. When viewed from above, the wooden underside material 25 covers the area between the multiple pillars 16. The wooden underside material 25 is provided so that the upper surface 25a is flush with the upper surfaces 16a of the pillars 16. In this embodiment, the wooden underside material 25 is composed of multiple partial underside materials 31 arranged side by side in the left-right direction. The partial underside materials 31 are, for example, CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) boards. In this embodiment, the area surrounded by four adjacent pillars 16 is covered by two partial underside materials 31 adjacent in the left-right direction.

[0028] The wooden rib material 26 is connected to the upper surface 25a of the wooden lower surface material 25. The wooden rib material 26 is a piece of wood with a rectangular cross section. In this embodiment, the wooden rib material 26 is provided so as to extend inward and outward at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction.

[0029] A part of the wooden rib material 26 is a connecting rib material 32 that connects two adjacent partial undersurface materials 31. In FIG. 1(b), the wooden rib material 26 located in the center in the left-right direction, the wooden rib material 26 located on the leftmost side, and the wooden rib material 26 located on the rightmost side are connecting rib materials 32.

[0030] The installation section forming rib material 27 is connected to the upper surface 25a of the wooden lower surface material 25. The installation section forming rib material 27 is a piece of wood with a rectangular cross section and approximately the same height as the wooden rib material 26. When viewed from above, the installation section forming rib material 27 extends in the left-right direction on the inside and outside of the multiple columns 16 so as to sandwich the columns 16 adjacent to each other in the left-right direction from the inside to the outside. The installation section forming rib material 27 forms a pouring space for the cement-based installation section 30.

[0031] The wooden receiving surface material 28 is composed of wooden boards. The wooden receiving surface material 28 is a component required when pouring the cement-based material. The wooden receiving surface material 28 is a component that contributes little to the strength of the surface structure 20. The wooden receiving surface material 28 abuts against the underside of the cement-based upper surface portion 29 of the cement-based surface material 22. Some of the wooden receiving surface materials 28 are located inside the multiple columns 16 when viewed from above. The remaining wooden receiving surface materials 28 are located outside the multiple columns 16 when viewed from above.

[0032] Some of the wooden receiving surface materials 28 are connected via base materials 33 to the upper ends of the wooden rib materials 26 and the upper ends of the installation-part forming rib materials 27 located on the inside of the multiple columns 16. These wooden receiving surface materials 28 are arranged so that their plate surfaces are flush with the upper surfaces of the wooden rib materials 26 and the installation-part forming rib materials 27. These wooden receiving surface materials 28 cover the area between the wooden rib materials 26 and the installation-part forming rib materials 27 located on the inside of the multiple columns 16 from above.

[0033] The remaining wooden abutment material 28 is connected to the upper end of the installation-section-forming rib material 27 located on the outside of the multiple columns 16. This wooden abutment material 28 is positioned so that its plate surface is flush with the upper surface of the installation-section-forming rib material 27. This wooden abutment material 28 is supported by a wooden support rib material 34 connected to the installation-section-forming rib material 27. The wooden abutment material 28 covers the outer area of ​​the multiple columns 16 from above. The wooden abutment material 28 is provided so that its outer end contacts a wall portion (not shown) located on the outside of the multiple columns 16.

[0034] The cement-based upper surface portion 29 is the upper surface portion of the surface structure 20. The cement-based upper surface portion 29 is provided above the wooden lower surface material 25 with a space therebetween. Specifically, it is provided with a space therebetween that is approximately equal to the height of the wooden rib material 26 and the installation portion forming rib material 27. The cement-based upper surface portion 29 is provided so that each outer end portion contacts a wall portion (not shown) or the like. In this embodiment, the cement-based installation portion 30 is installed on the columns 16 lined up in the left-right direction.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 2, the cement-based upper surface portion 29 and each wooden rib material 26 are connected by a first embedding material 35. The first embedding material 35 is a metal rod-shaped material extending in the vertical direction. The first embedding material 35 is, for example, a lag screw bolt. One end of the first embedding material 35 is embedded in the cement-based upper surface portion 29, and the other end is embedded in the wooden rib material 26. The first embedding materials 35 are provided at a predetermined interval in the extending direction of the wooden rib material 26. In the surface structure 20, it is preferable that the strength required for residents to evacuate in the event of a fire, for example, is ensured by the cement-based surface material 22 and the wooden rib material 26, and it is more preferable that it is ensured by only the cement-based surface material 22.

[0036] The wooden lower surface material 25 and each wooden rib material 26 are connected by a second embedding material 36. The second embedding material 36 is a metal rod-shaped material extending in the vertical direction. The second embedding material 36 is, for example, a screw. One end of the second embedding material 36 is embedded in the wooden lower surface material 25, and the other end is embedded in the wooden rib material 26. The second embedding materials 36 are provided at predetermined intervals in the extension direction of the wooden rib material 26.

[0037] Two adjacent partial undersurface materials 31 are connected via a connecting rib material 32 which is a part of the wooden rib material 26. Each partial undersurface material 31 has a lower fitting portion 38 at the connection portion with the partial undersurface material 31 located on the right side of that partial undersurface material 31. Each partial undersurface material 31 has an upper fitting portion 39 at the connection portion with the partial undersurface material 31 located on the left side of that partial undersurface material 31. The connecting rib material 32 is arranged so as to run along the boundary portion between the two adjacent partial undersurface materials 31. A second embedded material 36 which connects the wooden undersurface material 25 and the connecting rib material 32 is arranged so as to pass through the fitting portion between the lower fitting portion 38 and the upper fitting portion 39.

[0038] (First manufacturing method of surface structure 20) A first manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 in the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3 and 4. In the first manufacturing method, a wooden formwork 21 for surface structure is assembled at the installation site of the surface structure 20, and then a cement-based material is poured into the wooden formwork 21 for surface structure. The materials for the wooden formwork 21 for surface structure are transported to the building site, and then hoisted to the vicinity of the installation site of the surface structure 20.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 3, the first manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 includes a formwork assembling step (step S101) and a casting step (step S108). The formwork assembling process (step S101) includes a wooden underside material arrangement process (step S102), a rib material connection process (step S103), a construction section rib material connection process (step S105), a first embedded material connection process (step S106), and a receiving surface material connection process (step S107).

[0040] As shown in Fig. 4(a), in the wooden underside material placement process (step S102), a wooden underside material 25 is placed at the installation location of the surface structure 20. Specifically, using a crane or the like, the partial underside materials 31 are placed in their predetermined positions starting from the left side in Fig. 1(b). The placed partial underside material 31 is supported from below by a support. The newly placed partial underside material 31 is placed so that the upper fitting portion 39 fits into the lower fitting portion 38 of the partial underside material 31 already placed.

[0041] As shown in Fig. 4(b), in the rib material connecting step (step S103), wooden rib material 26 is connected to wooden lower surface material 25. Specifically, after placing wooden rib material 26 at a predetermined position on upper surface 25a of wooden lower surface material 25, second embedding material 36 is driven into the underside of wooden lower surface material 25 to connect wooden rib material 26 to wooden lower surface material 25. This rib material connecting step includes a partial lower surface material connecting step (step S104) in which two adjacent partial lower surface materials 31 are connected by connecting rib material 32.

[0042] In the partial underside panel connecting step (step S104), the wooden rib material 26 is placed along the fitting portion between the lower fitting portion 38 and the upper fitting portion 39 of two adjacent partial underside panels 31, i.e., along the boundary portion between the two adjacent partial underside panels 31. Then, the second embedding material 36 is driven in so as to penetrate the fitting portion. As a result, the two adjacent partial underside panels 31 are connected via the connecting rib material 32.

[0043] As shown in Fig. 4(c), in the installation portion rib material connecting step (step S105), the installation portion forming rib material 27 is connected to the upper surface 25a of the wooden undersurface material 25. Specifically, the installation portion forming rib material 27 is arranged so as to sandwich adjacent columns 16 in the left-right direction from the inside and outside, and then an embedding material such as a screw is driven into the underside of the wooden undersurface material 25 to connect the installation portion forming rib material 27 to the wooden undersurface material 25. Note that the installation portion rib material connecting step (step S105) is performed after the rib material connecting step (step S103), which increases the degree of freedom regarding the length of the installation portion forming rib material 27.

[0044] As shown in Fig. 4(d), in the first embedding material connecting step (step S106), the first embedding material 35 is connected to each wooden rib material 26. Specifically, the first embedding material 35 is driven into each wooden rib material 26 from above. The first embedding material 35 is driven so that about half of it is embedded in the wooden rib material 26. The first embedding material 35 may be provided in the bridge-part forming rib material 27.

[0045] 4(e), in the receiving surface material connecting step (step S107), the wooden receiving surface material 28 is connected to the wooden rib material 26 and the installation portion forming rib material 27 located on the inside of the multiple columns 16. In addition, the wooden receiving surface material 28 is connected to the installation portion forming rib material 27 located on the outside of the multiple columns 16.

[0046] Specifically, a base material 33 for supporting various wooden receiving surface materials 28 is connected to the wooden rib material 26 and the erection portion forming rib material 27. The base material 33 is connected using an embedded material such as a screw. Once the connection of the base material 33 is complete, the various wooden receiving surface materials 28 are placed so as to be supported by the base material 33. It is preferable that the base material 33 and the various wooden receiving surface materials 28 are connected using, for example, a screw. Once the receiving surface material connection step (step S107) is completed, the assembly of the wooden formwork for surface construction 21 is completed. At this time, the wooden formwork for surface construction 21 covers the entire area of ​​the portion where the cement-based surface material 22 is to be formed, i.e., the entire area of ​​the floor of one floor.

[0047] In the casting process (step S108), a cement-based material is cast into the wooden formwork for surface construction 21 to form the cement-based surface material 22. Specifically, after reinforcing bars (not shown) are arranged in the portion where the cement-based surface material 22 is to be formed, the cement-based material is cast into the wooden formwork for surface construction 21. The cast cement-based material remains on the wooden receiving surface material 28 without flowing into the spaces between the wooden rib materials 26, and flows into the spaces between the installation portion forming rib materials 27. Then, as the cast cement-based material hardens, the cement-based surface material 22 is formed in which the cement-based upper surface portion 29 and the cement-based installation portion 30 are integrated, as shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(c).

[0048] (Second manufacturing method of surface structure 20) A second manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0049] As shown in Figures 5(a) to 5(c), in the second manufacturing method, a wooden formwork for surface structure 21 is made up of multiple wooden members for surface structure 50. In Figures 5(a) to 5(c), one of the wooden members for surface structure 50 is indicated by a solid line. The wooden members for surface structure 50 are assembled as a single wooden unit at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 20, and then transported to their respective positions at the installation location to form the wooden formwork for surface structure 21. Then, a cement-based material is poured into the wooden formwork for surface structure 21 to manufacture the surface structure 20.

[0050] The surface structural wooden component 50 corresponds to the area between the left-right centers of the four columns 16 shown in Fig. 5(b). In the surface structural wooden component 50, the wooden underside panel 25 is composed of two partial underside panels 31 adjacent to each other in the left-right direction. The two partial underside panels 31 are connected by a connecting rib material 32, which is one of the wooden rib materials 26. The surface structural wooden component 50 has wooden rib materials 26 connected to the top surface 25a at the right end and left end of the wooden underside panel 25. Furthermore, in the surface structural wooden component 50, a wooden receiving surface material 28 is connected to the wooden rib materials 26 provided at the right end and left end.

[0051] The second manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 6. Note that the same steps as those in the first manufacturing method have the same names and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 6, the second manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 includes a wooden unit assembling step (step S201), a transporting step (step S208), and a casting step (step S210).

[0052] The wooden unit assembling process (step S201) is a process for assembling one surface structural wooden member 50. The wooden unit assembling process is performed in a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 20, such as a work area provided on the ground at a building construction site.

[0053] The wooden unit assembly process (step S201) includes a wooden lower surface material arrangement process (step S202), a rib material connection process (step S203), a rib material connection process (step S205), a first embedded material connection process (step S206), and a receiving surface material connection process (step S207). The rib material connection process (step S203) also includes a partial lower surface material connection process (step S204).

[0054] In the transportation process (step S208), the wooden members 50 for surface construction are transported to the installation location of the surface structure 20. Specifically, the wooden members 50 for surface construction are transported to a predetermined placement position using a crane or the like, and then supported from below by a support. The wooden members 50 for surface construction are placed in order from the left side in FIG. 5(b).

[0055] Next, it is determined whether all of the wooden components 50 for surface construction have been transported to their respective placement positions (step S209). If all of the wooden components 50 for surface construction have not been transported to their respective placement positions (step S209: NO), the wooden unit assembly process (step S201) and the transport process (step S208) are performed again. If all of the wooden components 50 for surface construction have been transported to their respective placement positions (step S209: YES), a pouring process (step S210) is performed on the wooden formwork 21 for surface construction composed of the multiple wooden components 50 for surface construction, thereby forming the cement-based surface material 22.

[0056] In the second manufacturing method, after the wooden unit assembly process (step S201) is performed for all the wooden members 50 for surface construction that constitute the surface structure 20, a transport process (step S208) may be performed to transport all the wooden members 50 for surface construction to their respective placement positions. That is, when all the wooden members 50 for surface construction have not been transported to their respective placement positions (step S209: NO), the transport process (step S208) may be repeated. In addition, the wooden unit assembly process (step S201) may be performed, for example, in a factory, except for the partial lower surface member connection process (step S204). In this case, after the components of the wooden members 50 for surface construction are transported to the building site by truck or the like, the partial lower surface member connection process (step S204) is performed immediately before the transport process (step S208).

[0057] (Third manufacturing method of surface structure 20) A third manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0058] As shown in Figures 7(a) to 7(c), in the third manufacturing method, the surface structure 20 is composed of a plurality of surface structure units 60. In Figures 7(a) to 7(c), one of the surface structure units 60 is indicated by a solid line.

[0059] The surface structure unit 60 is an integrated unit of a surface structural wooden member 61 and a cement-based surface material 22 that corresponds to the surface structural wooden member 61. The surface structure unit 60 is manufactured by pouring a cement-based material using the surface structural wooden member 61 as a formwork. The surface structure units 60 are manufactured in a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 20, and then transported to each installation position. They are then connected to the surface structure units 60 that have been previously placed. The surface structure 20 is manufactured by connecting all the surface structure units 60.

[0060] The surface structure unit 60 corresponds to the area between the left-right centers of the four pillars 16 shown in Fig. 7(b). In the surface structural wooden member 61 that constitutes the surface structure unit 60, the wooden underside material 25 is made up of two partial underside materials 31 that are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction. The two partial underside materials 31 are connected via a connecting rib material 32.

[0061] The wooden lower panel material 25 is provided so as to cover the area between the left-right centers of the four pillars 16 shown in Fig. 7(b). The wooden lower panel material 25 has a lower fitting portion 63 that protrudes to the left at the joint with the wooden lower panel material 25 located on the left side of the wooden lower panel material 25. The wooden lower panel material 25 has an upper fitting portion 64 that protrudes to the right at the joint with the wooden lower panel material 25 located on the right side of the wooden lower panel material 25. The lower fitting portion 63 and upper fitting portion 64 are disposed in the left-right central portion of the pillars 16 when viewed from the inside and outside directions.

[0062] The wooden rib material 26 located at the left end is connected to the wooden lower surface material 25 so that its left side surface is located slightly to the right of the pillar 16 in a top view. This left side surface is flush with the left end surface of the cement-based upper surface portion 29.

[0063] The wooden rib material 26 located at the right end is provided in a position corresponding to the upper fitting portion 64. This wooden rib material 26 is connected to the wooden lower surface material 25 by a second embedding material 36 that penetrates the upper fitting portion 64. Note that this wooden rib material 26 functions as a connecting rib material 32 that connects two adjacent wooden lower surface materials 25 together after a connecting process described below.

[0064] The installation portion forming rib material 27 is positioned so that its left end face is located slightly to the right of the left-right center of the pillar 16 located on the left side, and its right end face is located slightly to the left of the left-right center of the pillar 16 located on the right side.

[0065] The wooden structural member 61 has a plugging material 65 extending inward and outward. The plugging material 65 is provided to connect a pair of columns 16 that are lined up inward and outward. The plugging material 65 plugs the gap between the two cement-based upper surface portions 29 that are connected to each other from below. The plugging material 65 is connected to the left side surface of the wooden rib material 26 located at the left end by an embedded material such as a screw so that their upper surfaces are flush with each other.

[0066] In the cementitious surface material 22 of the surface structure unit 60, a first metal rod 66 is integrally provided on the cementitious upper surface portion 29, extending leftward in the left-right direction from the left end face. Also, a first connecting hole 67 (see FIG. 9) is formed on the cementitious upper surface portion 29, extending rightward in the left-right direction from the right end face. The first connecting hole 67 is formed by providing a sleeve or the like during casting, and is formed so that a first rod 66 provided on another surface structure unit 60 can be inserted therein.

[0067] A second metal rod 68 is integrally provided on the cement-based installation part 30, extending leftward from the left end face in the left-right direction. A second connecting hole 69 (see FIG. 9) is formed on the cement-based installation part 30, extending rightward from the right end face in the left-right direction. The second connecting hole 69 is formed by providing a sleeve or the like during casting, and is formed so that a second rod 68 provided on another surface structure unit 60 can be inserted therein.

[0068] 8 and 9, the third manufacturing method for the surface structure 20 using the surface structure unit 60 will be described in detail. Note that the same steps as those in the first manufacturing method have the same names and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 8, the third manufacturing method for a planar structure includes a wooden unit assembling step (step S301), a concrete pouring step (step S309), a transporting step (step S310), and a connecting step (step S311).

[0070] The wooden unit assembly process (step S301) is a process for assembling the wooden members 61 for surface structure that constitute the surface structure unit 60. The pouring process (step S309) is a process for pouring a cement-based material into the wooden members 61 for surface structure. The wooden unit assembly process and the pouring process are performed at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 20, such as a workshop provided on the ground at the building construction site.

[0071] The wooden unit assembly process (step S301) includes a wooden lower surface material arrangement process (step S302), a rib material connection process (step S303), a rib material connection process (step S305), a first embedded material connection process (step S306), a receiving surface material connection process (step S307), and a blocking material connection process (step S308). The rib material connection process (step S303) also includes a partial lower surface material connection process (step S304).

[0072] In the blocking material connecting step (step S308), blocking material 65 is connected to the left side surface of wooden rib material 26 located at the left end using an embedding material such as a screw so that their top surfaces are flush with each other.

[0073] In the casting process (step S308), a cement-based material is cast in a state where the first rod-shaped material 66, the sleeve forming the first connecting hole 67, the second rod-shaped material 68, and the sleeve forming the second connecting hole 69 are arranged in predetermined positions in addition to the reinforcing bars (not shown).The cast cement-based material then hardens to produce the surface structural unit 60.

[0074] In the transportation step (step S309), the surface structure unit 60 is transported to an installation location of the surface structure 20. Specifically, the surface structure unit 60 is transported to the vicinity of the arrangement position using a crane or the like. The surface structure units 60 are arranged in order from the left side in FIG. 7(b).

[0075] In the connecting step (step S311), the previously placed surface structure unit 60 and the surface structure unit 60 to be newly installed are connected to each other. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 9(a), on the right side of the previously placed surface structure unit 60, the surface structure unit 60 and the newly placed surface structure unit 60 are aligned in the up-down and inward-outward directions. This alignment is performed using a crane or the like. This alignment can also be performed with the right end of the cement-based installation part 30 of the newly placed surface structure unit 60 placed on the pillar 16.

[0076] Next, as shown in FIG. 9(b), the newly placed surface structure unit 60 is moved leftward, and the first rod-shaped member 66 is inserted into the first connecting hole 67, and the lower fitting portion 63 is fitted into the upper fitting portion 64 of the wooden lower surface member 25. The second rod-shaped member 68 is inserted into the second connecting hole 69, and the abutting portion 70 of the wooden lower surface member 25 is abutted against the column 16. When the abutting portion 70 abuts against the column 16, a gap is also formed between the two adjacent cement-based upper surface portions 29. In addition, when the two adjacent cement-based installation portions 30 are placed on the column 16, a gap is formed between these two cement-based installation portions 30. It is preferable that this gap is located at the center of the column 16 in the left-right direction.

[0077] Next, as shown in Fig. 9(c), a cementitious grout material is poured into the gap between two adjacent cementitious upper surface portions 29 and hardened to form a first filler 71. Leakage of the grout material is prevented by a plugging material 65. The first filler 71 integrates the two cementitious upper surface portions 29 and the first rod-shaped material 66. This connects the two cementitious upper surface portions 29.

[0078] A second filler 72 is formed by pouring a cement-based grout material into the gap between two adjacent cement-based installation parts 30 and hardening it. The columns 16 prevent leakage of the grout material. The second filler 72 integrates the two cement-based installation parts 30 with the second rod-shaped material 68. This connects the two cement-based installation parts 30. A second embedding material 36 is driven in so as to penetrate the fitting portion between the lower fitting portion 63 and the upper fitting portion 64 of the two adjacent wooden lower surface materials 25. This connects the two adjacent wooden lower surface materials 25.

[0079] Next, it is determined whether the connecting process for all the planar structure units 60 has been completed (step S312). If the connecting process for all the planar structure units 60 has not been completed (step S312: NO), the process returns to the wooden unit assembly process (step S301) and the subsequent processes are carried out again. If the connecting process for all the planar structure units 60 has been completed (step S312: YES), the planar structure 20 is formed.

[0080] In the third manufacturing method, the surface structure unit 60 may be manufactured in a factory, etc. In this case, the surface structure unit 60 is transported to the construction site of the building by a truck or the like, and then the transport step (step S310) is performed.

[0081] (Function of surface structure 20) In the above-mentioned surface structure 20, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 22 are connected via the wooden rib material 26. Also, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based upper surface portion 29 of the cement-based surface material 22 are arranged opposite each other with the wooden rib material 26 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 22 behave as a single unit.

[0082] The effects of the first embodiment will be described. (1-1) In the surface structure 20, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 22 behave as one unit, which increases the rigidity and strength of the structure. This eliminates the need to support the surface structure 20 with small beams, allowing the building to have a lower floor height.

[0083] (1-2) The wooden rib material 26 and the cement-based surface material 22 are connected by the first embedding material 35. This allows the wooden rib material 26 and the cement-based surface material 22 to be firmly connected to each other.

[0084] (1-3) The wooden lower surface material 25 and the wooden rib material 26 are connected by the second embedding material 36. This allows the wooden lower surface material 25 and the wooden rib material 26 to be firmly connected to each other. (1-4) The wooden underside panel 25 is composed of a plurality of partial underside panels 31. This makes it possible to prevent the components of the wooden underside panel 25 from becoming too large. As a result, it becomes easier to transport the partial underside panels 31, for example, using a truck.

[0085] (1-5) Each of the two adjacent partial underside panels 31 is connected via a connecting rib material 32, which is one of the wooden rib materials 26. This makes it possible to increase the strength of the boundary portion of the partial underside panels 31.

[0086] (1-6) The partial undersurface materials 31 are connected by a second embedding material 36 that penetrates the mating portion between the lower mating portion 38 and the upper mating portion 39 and is connected to the connecting rib material 32. This makes it possible to more firmly connect two adjacent partial undersurface materials 31.

[0087] (1-7) The surface structure 20 has a wooden receiving surface material 28 that contributes little to the strength of the surface structure 20. This makes it easy to pour the cementitious material, even if the cementitious material is poured with the wooden lower surface material 25 placed with the upper surface 25a facing upward, because the inflow of the cementitious material into the spaces between the wooden rib materials 26 is suppressed. In addition, since there is no need to remove the wooden receiving surface material 28 after pouring the cementitious material, the manufacturing process of the surface structure 20 can be simplified.

[0088] (1-8) The cement-based surface material 22 has a cement-based installation portion 30 that is installed on the columns 16 that are aligned in the left-right direction. This allows the cement-based installation portion 30 to function as a beam. As a result, the surface structure 20 can be more reliably supported by the columns 16 while achieving high rigidity and high strength.

[0089] (1-9) In the first and second manufacturing methods of the surface structure 20, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom regarding the size of the surface structure 20 that can be configured by the continuous cement-based surface material 22. In addition, the load acting on the floor is easily distributed in the cement-based surface material 22.

[0090] In the second and third manufacturing methods for the (1-10) surface structure 20, many steps are performed above ground, which can increase the safety of workers. (1-11) In the third manufacturing method of the surface structure 20, the surface structure 20 is composed of a plurality of surface structure units 60 manufactured at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 20. This allows the casting process to be carried out without being affected by weather. In addition, quality control of the surface structure units 60, i.e., the surface structure 20, is also made easier.

[0091] (1-12) In the third manufacturing method of the surface structure 20, the cement-based surface materials 22 of adjacent surface structure units 60 are connected. This allows the load acting on the surface structure 20 to be borne by multiple surface structure units 60.

[0092] (1-13) In the third manufacturing method for the surface structure 20, the first filler 71 and the second filler 72 are disposed in the gap between the cement-based surface materials 22 of the adjacent surface structure units 60. This makes it possible to more firmly integrate the adjacent cement-based surface materials 22.

[0093] (1-14) The strength required for the evacuation of residents is ensured by the cement-based surface material 22 and the wooden rib material 26, or by the cement-based surface material 22 alone. This allows the floor strength required for the evacuation of residents to be maintained even if the wooden bottom surface material 25 is burned down during a fire. In addition, by adjusting the thickness of the wooden bottom surface material 25, a sufficient substitute layer can be ensured.

[0094] Second embodiment A second embodiment of a surface structure, a method for manufacturing a surface structure, and a wooden member for a surface structure will be described with reference to Figs.

[0095] In the second embodiment, the main configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the parts different from the first embodiment will be described in detail, and the parts similar to those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be described in detail.

[0096] As shown in Figures 10(a), 10(b), 11(a), and 11(b), a surface structure 80 includes a wooden formwork for surface structure 81 and a cement-based surface material 82. The cement-based surface material 82 has a cement-based upper surface portion 29 and a cement-based erection portion 30, as well as a cement-based hanging portion 83 hanging down from the cement-based upper surface portion 29.

[0097] The wooden formwork 81 for surface construction has a first wooden rib material 86 and a second wooden rib material 87 as the wooden rib material 26 . The first wooden rib materials 86 constitute a plurality of first wooden rib material groups 88. The first wooden rib material group 88 is composed of a pair of first wooden rib materials 86 arranged at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction. The first wooden rib material groups 88 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction at an interval that is half the center-to-center dimension of two adjacent pillars 16 in the left-right direction.

[0098] The pair of first wooden rib materials 86 are arranged so that a gap 91 is formed between them and the installation portion forming rib material 27 located inside the multiple columns 16. The pair of first wooden rib materials 86 have their ends connected by connecting materials 92. The connecting materials 92 are pieces of wood with a rectangular cross section and substantially the same height as the first wooden rib materials 86. In each first wooden rib material group 88, the space surrounded by the pair of first wooden rib materials 86 and the connecting materials 92 is the pouring space for the cement-based hanging portion 83. The wooden receiving surface material 28 is arranged so as to exclude the area surrounded by the first wooden rib material group 88 in a top view so that the cement-based material can be poured into this pouring space.

[0099] The second wooden rib material 87 is provided in the center of two adjacent first wooden rib material groups 88 in the left-right direction. Like the pair of first wooden rib materials 86, the second wooden rib material 87 is provided so as to form a gap 93 between it and the installation portion forming rib material 27 located on the inside of the multiple pillars 16.

[0100] Cement-based hanging portion 83 extends downward from cement-based upper surface portion 29. In other words, cement-based hanging portion 83 is a cement-based rib material integrated with cement-based upper surface portion 29. Reinforcing bars (not shown) are arranged in cement-based hanging portion 83.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 12, the wooden soffit 25 and the cement-based hanging portion 83 are connected by a third embedding material 95. The third embedding material 95 is a metal rod-shaped material extending in the vertical direction. The third embedding material 95 is, for example, a lag screw bolt. One end of the third embedding material 95 is embedded in the cement-based hanging portion 83, and the other end is embedded in the wooden soffit 25. The third embedding material 95 is provided between the pair of first wooden rib materials 86 at a predetermined interval in the inner and outer directions. The third embedding material 95 is connected to the wooden soffit 25 by being driven into the wooden soffit 25 from the upper surface 25a. The third embedding material connecting step for connecting the third embedding material 95 to the wooden soffit 25 may be performed before the casting step.

[0102] (Method of manufacturing surface structure 80) The surface structure 80 differs from the surface structure 20 of the first embodiment only in the arrangement of the wooden rib material 26 and the presence or absence of a cement-based hanging portion 83.

[0103] Therefore, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the first manufacturing method of the surface structure 20. That is, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by assembling a wooden formwork 81 for surface structure at the installation site of the surface structure 80, and then pouring a cement-based material into the wooden formwork 81 for surface structure.

[0104] Furthermore, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the second manufacturing method for the surface structure 20. That is, the wooden members for surface structure that constitute the wooden formwork for surface structure 81 are manufactured at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 80, transported to the installation location, and the wooden formwork for surface structure 81 is assembled. Then, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by pouring a cement-based material into the assembled wooden formwork for surface structure 81.

[0105] Furthermore, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the third manufacturing method of the surface structure 20. That is, the surface structure 80 can be manufactured by transporting surface structure units manufactured at a location different from the installation location of the surface structure 80 to their respective arrangement positions and connecting them to each other. In addition, in this third manufacturing method, it is desirable to appropriately change the arrangement of the various rib materials 86, 87 and the cement-based hanging portion 83 from the arrangement shown in Fig. 10 based on the results of strength calculations, etc., so that the cement-based hanging portion 83 is not arranged straddling between the surface structure units.

[0106] (Function of surface structure 80) In the above-mentioned surface structure 80, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 82 are connected via the wooden rib material 26. Also, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based upper surface portion 29 of the cement-based surface material 82 are arranged facing each other with the wooden rib material 26 interposed therebetween. Furthermore, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 82 are connected via a cement-based hanging portion 83. Therefore, the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based surface material 82 behave as a single unit. Also, the cement-based hanging portion 83 functions as a cement-based rib material.

[0107] According to the second embodiment, in addition to the effects (1-1) to (1-14) described in the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. (2-1) The planar structure 80 can further increase the rigidity and strength of the floor. This allows the floor height of the building to be further reduced.

[0108] (2-2) The wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based hanging portion 83 are connected by the third embedding material 95. This allows the cement-based surface material 82 and the wooden lower surface material 25 to be connected with greater strength.

[0109] (2-3) The second wooden rib material 87 is provided between adjacent first wooden rib material groups 88. This makes it possible to prevent a decrease in strength in the portion between adjacent cement-based hanging portions 83.

[0110] (2-4) The gaps 91 and 93 can be used as duct routes, etc. In other words, the space between the wooden lower surface material 25 and the cement-based upper surface portion 29 can be effectively utilized. The above embodiment can be modified as follows: The present embodiment and the following modifications can be combined with each other to the extent that there is no technical contradiction.

[0111] By providing a through hole in the wooden bottom panel 25 and dividing the wooden rib material 26 at the portion corresponding to the through hole, the through hole may be used for installing a lighting fixture, etc. In the second embodiment, the cement-based hanging portion 83 may be formed so as to contact the erection portion forming rib material 27. This can further increase the rigidity and strength of the planar structure 80.

[0112] The wooden rib material 26 is not limited to a configuration in which it extends in one direction (the inward and outward direction in the above embodiment). The wooden rib material 26 may extend in different directions, for example, in radial directions based on the center positions of the four pillars 16 in a top view.

[0113] The cement-based surface material 22, 82 does not have to be equipped with a cement-based installation portion 30. Regarding the surface structure of the first embodiment, when the cementitious surface material 22 has only the cementitious upper surface portion 29, the surface structure unit may be manufactured as follows. First, a cementitious material is poured into a planar formwork. Next, the surface structural wooden member 50, with the upper surface 25a of the wooden lower surface material 25 facing downward, is lowered to a predetermined position relative to the poured cementitious material, and is held in that position until the cementitious material hardens. Even with this method, a surface structural unit in which the cementitious surface material 22 and the surface structural wooden member 50 are integrated can be manufactured.

[0114] In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the wooden rib material 26 may be arranged so that a gap 97 is formed between the wooden rib material 26 and the installation portion forming rib material 27 located on the inside of the multiple pillars 16.

[0115] As shown in Fig. 14, in the first embodiment, the wooden receiving surface material 28 may be connected so as to abut against the upper surface of the wooden rib material 26 or the installation portion forming rib material 27. With this configuration, the cement-based material can be poured without the base material 33. In this case, the first embedding material connecting step may be performed after the receiving surface material connecting step. Alternatively, the receiving surface material connecting step and the first embedding material connecting step may be performed at the same time, and the wooden receiving surface material 28 may be connected to the wooden rib material 26 or the installation portion forming rib material 27 by the penetrating first embedding material 35.

[0116] As shown in FIG. 15, in the second embodiment, the wooden receiving surface material 28 may be connected so as to abut against the upper surface of the wooden rib material 26 or the installation portion forming rib material 27. 16, the installation portion forming rib material 27 may have a height greater than that of the wooden rib material 26. This can increase the strength of the cement-based installation portion 30. In this case, the wooden lower surface material 25 is connected to a pair of installation portion forming rib materials 27 located on the inside of the multiple columns 16. In addition, a wooden bottom end forming material 98 is connected to the lower end of the installation portion forming rib material 27 so as to span the columns 16 lined up in the left-right direction.

[0117] The cement-based material may be concrete, mortar such as Slimcrete (registered trademark), or a mixture of fibers (fiber-reinforced concrete material). The cement-based surface material does not need to be reinforced. [Explanation of symbols]

[0118] 16...column, 16a...upper surface, 20...surface structure, 21...wooden formwork for surface structure, 22...cement-based surface material, 25...wooden bottom surface material, 25a...upper surface, 26...wooden rib material, 27...erection section forming rib material, 28...wooden receiving surface material, 29...cement-based upper surface portion, 30...cement-based erection section, 31...partial bottom surface material, 32...connecting rib material, 33...base material, 34...support rib material, 35...first embedded material, 36...second embedded material, 38...lower fitting portion, 39...upper fitting portion, 50...wooden member for surface structure, 60...surface structure unit, 61...surface structure wooden member for use in a concrete structure, 63...lower fitting portion, 64...upper fitting portion, 65...blocking material, 66...first rod-shaped material, 67...first connecting hole, 68...second rod-shaped material, 69...second connecting hole, 70...contact portion, 71...first filling material, 72...second filling material, 80...surface structure, 81...wooden formwork for surface structure, 82...cement-based surface material, 83...cement-based hanging portion, 86...first wooden rib material, 87...second wooden rib material, 88...first group of wooden rib materials, 91...gap, 92...connecting material, 93...gap, 95...third buried material, 97...gap, 98...wooden bottom end forming material.

Claims

1. A surface structure constituting a floor, Wooden underside and A wooden rib material connected to the upper surface of the wooden lower surface material; A cement-based surface material is connected to the upper end of the wooden rib material and is provided above the wooden lower surface material with a space therebetween, The floor strength required for residents to evacuate in the event of a fire at the installation site of the surface structure is ensured by the cement-based surface material alone. Surface structure.

2. The cement-based surface material and the wooden rib material are One end is embedded in the cement-based surface material, and the other end is connected to a first embedding material embedded in the wooden rib material. The surface structure according to claim 1 .

3. The wooden bottom surface material and the wooden rib material are One end is embedded in the wooden bottom surface material, and the other end is connected to a second embedding material embedded in the wooden rib material. The surface structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. A wooden receiving surface material is provided as a substitute layer on the lower surface of the cement-based surface material. The surface structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A method for manufacturing a surface structure constituting a floor, comprising the steps of: a rib material connecting step of connecting a wooden rib material to an upper surface of the wooden bottom surface material; a receiving surface connecting step of connecting a wooden receiving surface to an upper end of the wooden rib material so as to be spaced apart above the wooden lower surface material; and a pouring step of pouring a cement-based material using the wooden lower surface material, the wooden rib material, and the wooden receiving surface material as a form to form a cement-based surface material supported on an upper surface of the wooden receiving surface material. In the casting step, the cement-based material is cast so that the floor strength required for evacuating residents at the installation site of the surface structure in the event of a fire is ensured by the cement-based surface material alone. A method for manufacturing a surface structure.

6. A method for manufacturing a surface structure constituting a floor, comprising the steps of: a rib material connecting step of connecting a wooden rib material to an upper surface of the wooden bottom surface material; a receiving surface connecting step of connecting a wooden receiving surface to an upper end of the wooden rib material so as to be spaced apart above the wooden lower surface material; and a pouring step of pouring a cement-based material using the wooden lower surface material, the wooden rib material, and the wooden receiving surface material as a form to form a cement-based surface material supported on an upper surface of the wooden receiving surface material. In the casting step, a cement-based material is cast at the installation site of the surface structure so that the floor strength required for occupants at the installation site of the surface structure to evacuate in the event of a fire is ensured only by the cement-based surface material. A method for manufacturing a surface structure.

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