Composition, culture soil, kit, and production method of composition

Abstract

To provide a composition that contains seeds or their extracts that are subject to disposal.SOLUTION: The composition contains seeds or their extracts, and the seeds are ones that have lost their ability to germinate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a composition, a culture soil, a kit, and a method for manufacturing the composition.

Background Art

[0002] For seeds, germination rate standards are determined for each item according to the standards related to the production of designated seedlings in the seedling method (Non-Patent Document 1), and in principle, seeds that meet the standards are shipped as products. On the other hand, seeds that do not meet the standards are discarded. Also, even seeds that meet the standards may be discarded due to oversupply.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0003]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a method of effectively using (reusing) seeds that are to be discarded as described above.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition containing seeds or an extract thereof.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To achieve the above object, the composition of the present disclosure contains seeds or an extract thereof, and the seeds are seeds that have lost their germination ability.

[0007] The culture soil of the present disclosure contains the composition described in the present disclosure.

[0008] The kit of the present disclosure includes the composition of the present disclosure and culture soil.

[0009] The method for manufacturing the composition of the present disclosure (hereinafter referred to as "manufacturing method") is characterized by including the following steps (a), (b), and / or (c): (a) A step of heat-treating seeds or an extract thereof; (b) A step of crushing the seeds; (c) A step of extracting an extract from the seeds.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, a composition containing seeds or an extract thereof can be provided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 19

Figure 20

Figure 21

Figure 22

Figure 23

Figure 24

Figure 25

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] <Definition> In this specification, "promotion of plant growth" means that the growth of a plant is promoted as compared with a control plant. The "growth of the plant" includes an increase in the fresh weight of the above-ground part, an increase in the size of the above-ground part (e.g., plant height, plant width, etc.), an increase in the leaf area, an increase in the darkness of the leaf color, an increase in the root amount, promotion of root elongation, an increase in the number of flowers, promotion of fruit setting, an increase in the fruit setting rate, enlargement of fruits, an increase in the number of fruits, an increase in fruit components (e.g., sugar, lycopene, etc.), an increase in the edible part, an increase in the growth rate, an increase in the dry weight, imparting heat resistance, etc., and may be used in any of these meanings.

[0013] In this specification, "seed" means an ovule of a seed plant that has matured after fertilization, an ovule-containing ovary covered with a pericarp, and an ovule that has developed as it is by parthenogenesis. The seeds include, for example, vegetable seeds, flower seeds, and cereal seeds.

[0014] In this specification, "loss of germination ability" means a state in which the germination ability originally possessed by a seed has decreased or been lost. The loss of the germination ability can also be referred to as, for example, inactivation of the germination ability or deactivation of the germination ability.

[0015] In this specification, "extraction" means taking out a specific component from an object and / or the state in which a specific component has been taken out from the object. The extraction can be carried out, for example, using an extractant such as a solvent. The "extraction" can be carried out, for example, by obtaining at least one extraction step. In this specification, an object containing the component taken out from the object is called an extract. Also, a liquid containing the component taken out from the object is called an extractant. The extract and the extractant may contain, for example, components derived from the seeds. The extract or the extractant may contain, for example, components (other components) derived from sources other than the seeds subjected to the extraction.

[0016] In this specification, "cultivation soil" means a composition containing soil used for cultivating plants. The cultivation soil is an isolated or separated composition that does not contain so-called soil. The cultivation soil is usually a composition in which a fertilizer is optionally blended with the potting soil. The potting soil is composed of, for example, a basic potting soil as a base material and, optionally, an improved potting soil (auxiliary potting soil) that improves the function of the basic potting soil. The composition of the cultivation soil can be adjusted, for example, according to the type of plant to be cultivated.

[0017] In this specification, "oil cake" means the residue obtained after removing oil from seeds when obtaining oil from the seeds. The oil cake can also be said to be a by-product of vegetable oil production. The oil cake is usually used as a fertilizer after fermentation treatment.

[0018] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described with examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples and can be arbitrarily changed and implemented. Also, each explanation in the present disclosure can be mutually applied unless otherwise specified. In this specification, when the expression "~" is used, it is used in the sense of including the numerical values or physical values before and after it. Also, in this specification, the expression "A and / or B" includes "only A", "only B", and "both A and B".

[0019] <Composition> In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition capable of promoting the growth of at least one type of plant. The composition of the present disclosure includes a seed or an extract thereof as described above. According to the composition of the present disclosure, the growth of plants can be promoted. Therefore, according to the composition of the present disclosure, for example, the yield of plants can be increased.

[0020] The seeds include, for example, seeds of plants such as Brassicaceae ( Brassicaceae ), Solanaceae ( Solanaceae ), Cucurbitaceae ( Cucurbitaceae ), Amaryllidaceae ( Amaryllidaceae ), Fabaceae ( Fabaceae ), Apiaceae ( Apiaceae ), and Asteraceae ( Asteraceae ). The plants of the Brassicaceae family include, for example, Brassica ( Brassica ) such as cabbage, and Raphanus ( Raphanus sativus ) such as radish ( Raphanus ). The plants of the Solanaceae family include, for example, Solanum ( Solanum lycopersicum ) such as tomato ( Solanum ). The plants of the Cucurbitaceae family include, for example, Citrullus ( Citrullus lanatus ) such as watermelon ( Citrullus ), Cucurbita ( Cucurbita ficifolia , Cucurbita maxima , Cucurbita moschata etc. ) such as pumpkin ( Cucurbita ). The plants of the Amaryllidaceae family include, for example, Allium ( Allium fistulosum ) such as scallions and Allium ( Allium cepa ) such as onions ( Allium ). The plants of the Fabaceae family include, for example, Glycine ( Glycine max ) such as edamame of the genus Glycine ( Glycine ), and Vigna ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) such as mung bean of the genus Vigna ( Phaseolus ). The plants of the Apiaceae family include, for example, Daucus ( Daucus carota ) such as carrot of the genus Daucus ( Daucus) etc. can be mentioned. The Asteraceae plant is, for example, sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) etc. of the genus Helianthus ( Helianthus ) etc. can be mentioned. The seeds are, for example, seeds of vegetables, seeds of flowers, and seeds of forage grasses, etc. One type of the seeds may be used, or two or more types may be used.

[0021] The seeds are preferably, for example, seeds that have lost their germination ability. The loss of the germination ability can be achieved, for example, by performing physical treatment, chemical treatment, or heat treatment on the seeds. As specific examples, the seeds that have lost their germination ability include, for example, seeds that have reached the end of their lifespan, crushed seeds, heat-treated seeds, etc. The germination rate of the seeds decreases, for example, as the storage time becomes longer after production. The seeds that have reached the end of their lifespan mean, for example, seeds that have passed the survival period of seeds that can maintain their germination ability. The lifespan varies depending on, for example, the type of the plant and the storage conditions (humidity, temperature, oxygen, etc.) of the seeds.

[0022] The loss of the germination ability can be evaluated, for example, by observing the physical state of the target seeds or by performing a germination test on the target seeds. The evaluation by observation is, for example, when the target seeds do not have a normal shape, for example, when a part or all of the seeds are missing, crushed, or broken, the target seeds can be evaluated as having lost their germination ability. The germination test can be evaluated, for example, by sowing a predetermined quantity of the target seeds on wet filter paper and cultivating them for about one week according to Example 1(5) described below. The conditions of the germination test (temperature, number of days, breaking dormancy, etc.) may be carried out with reference to the website of the Agricultural Bioresource Gene Bank (https: / / www.gene.affrc.go.jp / manuals-plant_germination.php#note02_f), etc. And in the germination test, when the germination rate of the target seeds is, for example, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, 1% or less, or 0%, the target seeds can be evaluated as having lost their germination ability.

[0023] When the seed or its extract is a heat-treated seed or its extract, the heat treatment includes, for example, roasting treatment (dry frying treatment), boiling treatment, direct fire treatment, steaming treatment, etc. By heat-treating the seed or its extract, the composition of the present disclosure can, for example, suppress the germination inhibitory activity of the seed. The roasting treatment includes, for example, direct fire roasting, hot air roasting, etc. The conditions of the heat treatment can be set, for example, to conditions under which the germination ability of the seed is lost. The lower limit of the temperature (heating temperature) of the heat treatment is, for example, 100°C or higher, 130°C or higher. The heat treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature of, for example, 100°C to 180°C, 130°C to 180°C. The time of the heat treatment is, for example, 3 minutes to 1 hour, preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes.

[0024] In the heat treatment, the time can be set, for example, according to the temperature of the heat treatment. When the heating temperature is relatively high, the heating time can cause the germination ability of the seed to be lost in a relatively short time. On the other hand, when the heating temperature is relatively low, the heating time can cause the germination ability of the seed to be lost in a relatively long time. Specifically, the heating time is, for example, preferably 5 minutes to 60 minutes when the temperature is 100°C, preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes when the temperature is 130°C, and preferably 5 minutes to 10 minutes when the temperature is 180°C. The time and the temperature can be set, for example, according to the presence or absence of a crushing treatment.

[0025] In the case of the seeds that have been subjected to crushing treatment, the crushing treatment is, for example, a treatment of missing, crushing, or breaking a part or all of the seeds, and can be carried out by a known method using a crushing device. The missing of a part or all of the seeds may, for example, mean a state where the inside of the seeds is exposed. As a specific example, the crushing treatment can be carried out, for example, using a knife mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, a cutter mill, a jet mill, or the like. The crushing treatment is preferably carried out so that the germination ability of the seeds is lost. In the crushing treatment, the degree of crushing of the seeds is not particularly limited. In the crushing treatment, for example, by relatively reducing the size of the crushed matter of the seeds after the crushing treatment, the plant growth promoting effect of the obtained crushed matter can be relatively improved. For this reason, the crushing treatment is preferably a pulverization treatment or a powdering treatment. When the pulverization treatment or the powdering treatment is carried out as the crushing treatment, the obtained pulverized matter or powder may be granulated because of its excellent handleability.

[0026] Examples of the seeds include seeds that have not been subjected to oil extraction treatment. The oil extraction treatment is a treatment for extracting an oil component from the seeds. Examples of the oil extraction treatment include pressing, solvent extraction, supercritical extraction, subcritical extraction, microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and the like. In the oil extraction treatment, uncrushed seeds or seeds after crushing treatment may be used. Also, in the oil extraction treatment, seeds before the heat treatment or seeds after the heat treatment may be used.

[0027] The seeds may be, for example, unfermented seeds. The fermentation treatment may be, for example, a method commonly performed when using organic fertilizers. Specifically, the fermentation treatment involves spraying and mixing unfermented organic fertilizer into the cultivation soil around one month before the start of cultivation. After the mixing, soil bacteria (decomposers) decompose the organic matter contained in the fertilizer into ammoniacal nitrogen. Next, nitrifying bacteria (ammonia nitrifying bacteria and nitrite nitrifying bacteria) nitrify the ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrous acid nitrogen and nitric acid nitrogen. Transforming the organic matter into the ammoniacal nitrogen and the nitric acid nitrogen that become plant nutrients in this way is called fermentation. Since the fermentation treatment using the organic fertilizer takes time to obtain the effect as a nutrient, it is generally used as a base fertilizer. The fermentation treatment can be carried out, for example, by using microorganisms such as Aspergillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast. The fermentation treatment may be carried out by artificially adding the microorganisms to the cultivation soil, or may be carried out by natural fermentation by the microorganisms contained in the cultivation soil. In the fermentation treatment, intact seeds or crushed seeds may be used. Also, in the fermentation treatment, seeds before the heat treatment or seeds after the heat treatment may be used.

[0028] The composition may not contain, for example, oil cake. Examples of the oil cake include oil cake derived from seeds such as sesame, sesame, perilla, camellia, sunflower, rice, rapeseed, soybean, and kapok.

[0029] The extract may be, for example, a solvent extract such as an aqueous extract of the seeds. The extract can be produced, for example, by performing solvent extraction on the seeds. The seed material used for the extraction may be the whole seeds or a part of the seeds. Examples of the part of the seeds include embryo, endosperm, seed coat, shell, cotyledon, and pericarp. The material may be the collected seeds themselves or a processed product obtained by performing the above-mentioned heat treatment and / or crushing treatment, etc. By using seeds subjected to heat treatment as the seeds for extraction, the composition can, for example, suppress the germination inhibitory activity of the seeds.

[0030] Examples of the solvent used for the extraction include aqueous solvents such as water, distilled water, and pure water. The solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. The lower limit of the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 10 times, 20 times or more, 50 times or more, 100 times or more, or 200 times or more with respect to the weight of the seeds. The upper limit of the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 5000 times or less, 1000 times or less, or 500 times or less with respect to the weight of the seeds. The solvent can be appropriately changed depending on the type of the seeds. The solvent may contain, for example, a bactericide, an antibacterial agent, or the like. Further, the extraction solvent may contain, for example, a fertilizer component or the like.

[0031] The extract may be used as it is, for example, as an extract solution, or may be used after additional treatments such as concentration, dilution, filtration, sterilization, and boiling. Further, the extract may be used as a dried product (dry body) by performing treatments such as concentration to dryness, spray drying, and freeze drying.

[0032] The evaluation of the plant growth promotion can use, for example, the fresh weight, leaf area, leaf color, plant height, plant width, etc. of the test plants as the evaluation. Specifically, when the composition of the present disclosure is used for the growth of the test plants, it can be evaluated based on whether the fresh weight, the leaf area, and / or the leaf color of the test plants increase as compared with the case without the composition of the present disclosure. In the evaluation, based on the fresh weight, the leaf area, and / or the leaf color in the control group where the composition of the present disclosure is not used for the growth of the test plants, when the composition of the present disclosure is used for the growth of the test plants, if the increase rate of the fresh weight, the leaf area, and / or the leaf color is 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or 99% or more, the composition can be evaluated to have a plant growth promoting effect. In the evaluation of the plant growth promotion, any plant can be used as the test plant, for example. As specific examples, the test plants include, for example, tomatoes, Chinese cabbages, cucumbers, cabbages, onions, etc. The evaluation of the plant growth promotion is preferably carried out, for example, 2 to 4 weeks after germination.

[0033] The evaluation of the suppression of the germination inhibitory activity can be carried out, for example, by using as evaluation indices the germination rate of the seeds of the test plant and / or the root length and the like in the observation of the process after germination. Specifically, the suppression of the germination inhibitory activity can be evaluated, for example, by comparing the difference between the indices when using the control composition (for example, water or distilled water, etc.) and the indices when using the composition to be measured with the difference between the indices of the control and the indices when using the composition having the germination inhibitory activity. As a specific example, when evaluating the suppression of the germination inhibitory activity, taking as an example the case where a composition containing the heat-treated seeds is used as the composition to be measured and a composition containing the non-heat-treated seeds is used as the composition having the germination inhibitory activity. In this case, when the composition containing the heat-treated seeds or its extract of the present disclosure is used for the growth of the test plant, it can be evaluated by comparing whether the germination rate and / or the root length is increased compared with the non-heat-treated seeds or its extract (positive control composition). As an example, in the evaluation, based on the germination rate and / or the root length in the control composition (B), when the composition to be measured (S) or the positive control composition (P) is used in the germination test of the test plant, the differences in the germination rate and / or the root length (B - S and B - P) are calculated as the reduction rates. Then, when the reduction rate (inhibition rate) (B - S) of the composition to be measured is 5% or less, 10% or less, 15% or less, 20% or less, 25% or less, 30% or less, 35% or less, 40% or less, 45% or less, 50% or less, 55% or less, 60% or less, 65% or less, 70% or less, 75% or less, 80% or less, 85% or less, 90% or less, 95% or less, or 99% or less compared with the reduction rate (inhibition rate) (B - P) of the control composition, the composition can be evaluated as having an inhibitory effect on the germination inhibitory activity. As specific examples, the test plants include, for example, tomato, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, cabbage, onion, and the like.

[0034] The shape of the composition of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include powdery or powdered, granular, liquid, and the like.

[0035] The compositions of the present disclosure may include, for example, excipients, colorants, preservatives, pH regulators, stabilizers, disintegrants, pH adjusters, defoamers, antioxidants, surfactants, and the like.

[0036] The compositions of the present disclosure may contain components such as vitamins, sugars, organic acids, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, silicic acid, magnesia (magnesium), manganese, boron, etc., for example, within a range that does not impair the plant growth promoting effect.

[0037] The compositions of the present disclosure can be used, for example, as plant growth promoters.

[0038] <Cultivation soil> In another aspect, the present disclosure provides cultivation soil. The cultivation soil of the present disclosure is characterized by containing the composition of the present disclosure, and other configurations and conditions are not particularly limited. By containing the composition of the present disclosure, the cultivation soil of the present disclosure can promote the growth of plants. The description of the composition of the present disclosure can be incorporated into the cultivation soil of the present disclosure.

[0039] The cultivation soil of the present disclosure may include, for example, basic soil, auxiliary soil, etc. Examples of the basic soil include akadama soil, black soil, arakiya soil (field soil), kurokanuma soil, etc. Examples of the auxiliary soil include leaf mold, compost, peat moss, coco peat, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, etc. The cultivation soil is composed of, for example, one or more types of basic soil and / or improved soil.

[0040] The cultivation soil of the present disclosure preferably contains the composition at, for example, 1 g / l to 50 g / l, 1 g / l to 10 g / l.

[0041] The cultivation soil of the present disclosure may contain, for example, components such as vitamins, sugars, organic acids, etc.; fertilizers such as bone meal, fish meal, oil cake, lime, etc., within a range that does not impair the plant growth promoting effect.

[0042] <Kit> In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the composition of the present disclosure and a culture soil. The kit of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising the composition of the present disclosure, and other configurations and conditions are not particularly limited. The kit of the present disclosure can easily promote the growth of plants by combining the composition of the present disclosure and the culture soil. The kit of the present disclosure can refer to the descriptions of the composition of the present disclosure and the culture soil.

[0043] The kit of the present disclosure may further include, for example, seeds for cultivation, seedlings of plants, and / or plant individuals.

[0044] The seeds for cultivation, seedlings of plants, and / or plant individuals are not particularly limited, and examples include tomatoes, Chinese cabbages, cucumbers, cabbages, onions, pansies (Viola), petunias, etc.

[0045] The kit of the present disclosure may further include, for example, a container for cultivation. Examples of the container include cells, pots, trays, seedling boxes, etc. The size, type, shape, etc. of the container can be appropriately selected.

[0046] The kit of the present disclosure may include, for example, other plant growth promoters. The other plant growth promoters may be used simultaneously with the composition of the present disclosure, or may be used separately at appropriate times.

[0047] Examples of the other plant growth promoters include fertilizers. Examples of the fertilizers include nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonia, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride; phosphatic fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, superphosphate; potassic fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate; manganese fertilizers such as manganese sulfate; boron fertilizers such as boric acid, borate; etc.

[0048] <Method for manufacturing the composition> In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing the composition of the present disclosure. The manufacturing method of the present disclosure includes the following steps (a), (b), and / or (c): (a) Step of heat-treating the seeds or their extracts; (b) Step of crushing the seeds; (c) Step of extracting the extract from the seeds.

[0049] In the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, the description of the composition can refer to the description of the composition of the present disclosure.

[0050] In the step (a), examples of the heat treatment include roasting treatment, boiling treatment, direct fire treatment, steaming treatment, etc. The heat treatment can be carried out, for example, by heating untreated seeds and / or the crushed seeds obtained in the step (b) or their extracts.

[0051] In the step (b), the crushing treatment can be carried out, for example, by crushing untreated seeds and / or the heat-treated seeds obtained in the step (a).

[0052] In the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, when the steps (a) and (b) are carried out, the order of implementation of the steps (a) and (b) is not particularly limited.

[0053] In the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, when the step (c) is carried out, the extraction in the step (c) may be carried out, for example, after the implementation of the steps (a) and / or (b), or may be carried out alone, that is, only the step (c) may be carried out.

[0054] In the manufacturing method of the present disclosure, when the step (c) is carried out, for example, heat treatment may be carried out after the step (c). Examples of the heat treatment include boiling treatment.

[0055] The extraction in the step (c) may include, for example, extraction of an aqueous extract from the seeds using an aqueous solvent. In the step (c), the extraction method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by a known method. For example, there is an extraction method in which the seeds are immersed in a solvent and left for a certain period of time. In the immersion, for example, stirring may be performed. In the extraction step, the extraction time is, for example, 1 hour to 3 days, preferably 6 hours to 48 hours. In the step (c), the extraction temperature is, for example, 15°C to 30°C, preferably 24°C.

[0056] In the production method of the present disclosure, for example, it is preferable not to include the step of pressing oil from the seeds.

[0057] In the production method of the present disclosure, for example, it is preferable not to include the step of fermenting the seeds.

[0058] <Method for promoting plant growth> In another aspect, the present disclosure discloses a method capable of promoting plant growth. The method for promoting plant growth of the present disclosure uses the composition of the present disclosure. According to the method for promoting plant growth of the present disclosure, for example, it is expected to obtain an effect of promoting plant growth.

[0059] The method for promoting plant growth of the present disclosure includes a step of cultivating a plant individual, a plant seedling, and / or a seed for cultivation in the presence of the composition. The cultivation may be, for example, soil cultivation or hydroponics.

[0060] In the method for promoting plant growth of the present disclosure, conditions for plant cultivation such as temperature, type of light, humidity, seeding density, and irrigation method are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected.

[0061] <Use> The present disclosure is the use of the composition of the present disclosure for promoting plant growth.

Examples

[0062] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail using examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described.

[0063] [Example 1] It was clarified that the plant seeds contained in the composition of the present disclosure have a plant growth promoting effect.

[0064] (1) Examination of the plant growth promoting effect by various seeds It was examined whether the plant seeds contained in the composition of the present disclosure have a plant growth promoting effect. Specifically, pulverized products of various plant seeds at 3 g / l were mixed into a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, and various test plants were cultivated. As the plant seeds, seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, green onion, onion, edamame, kidney bean, carrot, or sunflower were used. As the test plants, tomato (Momotaro), Chinese cabbage (Yellow Heart 75), and cucumber (Summer Suzumi) were used. The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 22nd day after the start of the cultivation, the shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD: Soil & Plant Analyzer Development) were measured. The negative control (untreated) was cultivated in the same manner except that the pulverized product of the plant seeds was not mixed into the fertilizer-free culture soil. These results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 2. In addition, the asterisk in the graph of FIG. 2 means a significant difference at the 5% level or more compared to the untreated case. Also, the statistical analysis was performed by the Student's t method. Also, as the plant seeds, seeds that had not been heat-treated were used.

[0065] FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants in a culture soil mixed with pulverized products of various plant seeds. As shown in FIG. 1, a plant growth promoting effect of the test plant Chinese cabbage was observed in the culture soil mixed with the pulverized products of various plant seeds as compared with the untreated case.

[0066] Figure 2 is a graph showing the growth results of various test plants in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. Figures 2(A) to 2(C) show the results of the above-ground fresh weight of the test plants, tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber, and Figures 2(D) to 2(F) show the leaf area and SPAD value of the test plants, tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber. In Figures 2(A) to 2(C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the types of various plant seeds. In Figures 2(D) to 2(F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the types of various plant seeds. Also, in Figures 2(D) to 2(F), the bar graph shows the results of the leaf area, and the circles show the SPAD values. As shown in Figures 2(A) to 2(C), compared with the untreated case, the above-ground fresh weights of the test plants, tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased in the culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. The above increase was 2.2 to 4.8 times for the test plant being tomato, 3 to 5.5 times for the test plant being Chinese cabbage, and 1.2 to 1.8 times for the test plant being cucumber. Also, as shown in Figures 2(D) to 2(F), compared with the untreated case, the leaf areas of the test plants, tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased in the culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. As shown in Figures 2(D) and 2(F), compared with the untreated case, the SPAD values of the test plants, tomato and cucumber, significantly increased in the culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. As shown in Figure 2(E), compared with the untreated case, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, significantly increased in the culture soil mixed with ground materials of the seeds of the plant species, cabbage, watermelon, or edamame. From these results, it was found that the seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, green onion, onion, edamame, kidney bean, carrot, and sunflower have a plant growth promoting effect.

[0067] (2) Examination of the effective addition amount of plant seeds From the results of Example 1(1), since it was found that plant seeds exhibited a plant growth promoting effect, next, the effective addition amount of plant seeds was examined. Specifically, ground materials of various plant seeds at 0.1, 1, 3, 5, or 10 g / l were mixed into a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, and various test plants were cultivated. As the plant seeds, seeds of cabbage, pumpkin, or onion were used. As the test plants, tomato (Momotaro), Chinese cabbage (Yellow Heart 75), and cucumber (Summer Suzumi) were used. The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 22nd day after the start of cultivation, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD) were measured. The negative control (untreated) was cultivated in the same manner except that the ground material of plant seeds was not mixed into the fertilizer-free culture soil. These results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. Note that the statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparison using the Tukey method, indicating that there is a significant difference at the 5% level or higher between different letters in the graphs of FIGS. 4 to 6.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. In FIG. 3, the upper row shows the results when the test plant is tomato, the middle row shows the results when the test plant is Chinese cabbage, and the lower row shows the results when the test plant is cucumber. Also, in FIG. 3, from the left, the results of untreated and when cabbage seeds at addition amounts of 0.1, 1, 3, 5, or 10 g / l are mixed into the culture soil are shown. As shown in FIG. 3, compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at 1, 3, 5, or 10 g / l, a growth promoting effect was observed for the test plants tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber.

[0069] Figure 4 is a graph showing the growth results of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of various plant seeds. Figure 4(A) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 4(B) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 4(C) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. Also, Figure 4(D) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 4(E) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 4(F) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of tomato, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with crushed materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. In Figure 4(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. In Figure 4(D) to (F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. Also, in Figure 4(D) to (F), the bar graph shows the results of the leaf area, and the circles show the SPAD values. As shown in Figure 4(A) to (C), when any of the seeds with addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l were used, the above-ground fresh weight of tomato, which is the test plant, showed an increase or an increasing trend compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l). The increase in the above-ground fresh weight was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of seeds. Also, as shown in Figure 4(D) to (F), when any of the seeds with addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l were used, the leaf area and SPAD value of tomato, which is the test plant, showed an increase or an increasing trend compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l). The increase in the leaf area and SPAD value was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of seeds.

[0070] Figure 5 is a graph showing the growth results of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. Figure 5(A) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 5(B) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 5(C) shows the results of the above-ground fresh weight of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. Also, Figure 5(D) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 5(E) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 5(F) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. In Figure 5(A)-(C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. In Figure 5(D)-(F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. Also, in Figure 5(D)-(F), the bar graph indicates the results of the leaf area, and the circles indicate the SPAD values. As shown in Figure 5(A)-(C), in the case of using any of the seeds at the addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l, the above-ground fresh weight of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, showed an increase or an increasing tendency compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l). The increase in the above-ground fresh weight was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of the seeds. As shown in Figure 5(D)-(F), in the case of any of the seeds at the addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l, the leaf area and SPAD value of Chinese cabbage, which is the plant, showed an increase or an increasing tendency compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l). The increase in the leaf area and SPAD value was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of the seeds.

[0071] Figure 6 is a graph showing the growth results of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of various plant seeds. Figure 6(A) shows the results of the fresh weight of the above-ground parts of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 6(B) shows the results of the fresh weight of the above-ground parts of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 6(C) shows the results of the fresh weight of the above-ground parts of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. Also, Figure 6(D) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of cabbage seeds at each addition amount. Figure 6(E) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of pumpkin seeds at each addition amount. Figure 6(F) shows the leaf area and SPAD value of cucumbers, which are test plants, in a culture soil mixed with ground materials of onion seeds at each addition amount. In Figures 6(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the fresh weight of the above-ground parts (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. In Figures 6(D) to (F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the addition amount of various plant seeds. Also, in FIGS. 6(D) to 6(F), the bar graph shows the results of the leaf area, and the circles indicate the SPAD values. As shown in FIGS. 6(A) to 6(C), in the case of using seeds with addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l, compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l), the above-ground fresh weight of the cucumber, which is the test plant, increased or showed an increasing trend. The increase in the above-ground fresh weight was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of the seeds. Also, as shown in FIGS. 6(D) to 6(F), in the case of seeds with addition amounts of 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l, compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l), the leaf area of the cucumber, which is the test plant, increased. The increase in the leaf area was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of the seeds. Also, when using cabbage seeds with addition amounts of 0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 10 g / l, compared with the case where no seeds were added (0 g / l), the SPAD value of the cucumber, which is the test plant, increased. The increase in the SPAD value was an increase accompanying the increase in the addition amount of the seeds.

[0072] From the results of FIGS. 3 to 6, it was found that when 1 to 10 g / l of crushed plant seeds were mixed into the culture soil, the seeds had a plant growth promoting effect.

[0073] (3) Examination of the plant growth promoting effect by various seeds after roasting Next, it was examined whether the roasted seeds also had a plant growth promoting effect. Specifically, various plant seeds were roasted under the conditions of 130°C for 13 minutes. Thereafter, 3 g / l of the ground product of each kind of roasted plant seed was mixed into a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, and various test plants were cultivated. The plant seeds used were seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, leek, onion, edamame, kidney bean, carrot, or sunflower. The test plants used were tomato ("Momotaro"), Chinese cabbage ("Kiiro-gokoro 75"), and cucumber ("Natsu-suzumi"). The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 22nd day after the start of cultivation, the aboveground fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD) were measured. The negative control (untreated) was cultivated in the same manner except that the ground product of the plant seeds was not mixed into the fertilizer-free culture soil. These results are shown in Fig. 7. Note that the asterisks in the graph of Fig. 7 indicate a significant difference at the 5% level or more compared to the untreated case. Also, the statistical analysis was performed by the Student's t-test.

[0074] Fig. 7 is a graph showing the growth results of various test plants in the culture soil mixed with the ground product of various roasted plant seeds. Figs. 7(A) to (C) show the results of the aboveground fresh weight of the test plants tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber, and Figs. 7(D) to (F) show the leaf area and SPAD value of the test plants tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber. In Figs. 7(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the aboveground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the types of various plant seeds. In Figs. 7(D) to (F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the types of various plant seeds. Also, in FIGS. 7(D) to (F), the bar graph shows the results of leaf area, and the circles indicate the SPAD values. As shown in FIGS. 7(A) to (C), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the above-ground fresh weights of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased. Also, as shown in FIGS. 7(D) to (F), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the leaf areas of the test plants, namely tomato and Chinese cabbage, significantly increased. As shown in FIG. 7(F), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of the seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, green onion, edamame, kidney bean, carrot, or sunflower after roasting treatment, the leaf area of the test plant cucumber significantly increased. As shown in FIG. 7(D), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the SPAD value of the test plant tomato significantly increased. As shown in FIG. 7(E), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of the seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, green onion, onion, or edamame after roasting treatment, the SPAD value of the test plant Chinese cabbage significantly increased. As shown in FIG. 7(F), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of the seeds of edamame or carrot after roasting treatment, the SPAD value of the test plant cucumber significantly increased. From these results, it was found that the seeds of cabbage, radish, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, green onion, onion, edamame, kidney bean, carrot, and sunflower have a plant growth promoting effect even after roasting treatment.

[0075] (4) Examination of the effective addition amount of the plant growth promoting effect by seeds after roasting treatment From the results of Example 1(3), since it was found that the roasted plant seeds had a plant growth promoting effect, next, the effective addition amount of the roasted plant seeds was examined. Specifically, various plant seeds were roasted under the conditions of 130°C for 13 minutes. Thereafter, the ground products of the various roasted plant seeds at 1, 3, or 5 g / l were mixed into a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, and various test plants were cultivated. The plant seeds used were seeds of cabbage, pumpkin, or onion. The test plants used were tomato ("Momotaro"), Chinese cabbage ("Kiiro-gokoro 75"), and cucumber ("Natsuzumi"). The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 22nd day after the start of cultivation, the shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD) were measured. The negative control (untreated) was cultivated in the same manner except that the plant seeds were not mixed into the fertilizer-free culture soil. These results are shown in Fig. 8. The statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparison using the Tukey method, indicating that there was a significant difference at the 5% level or more between different letters in the graph of Fig. 8.

[0076] Fig. 8 is a graph showing the growth results of various test plants in the culture soil mixed with the ground products of various roasted plant seeds. Figs. 8(A) to (C) show the results of the shoot fresh weight of the test plants tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber, and Figs. 8(D) to (F) show the leaf area and SPAD value of the test plants tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber. In Figs. 8(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the shoot fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the types of various plant seeds. In Figs. 8(D) to (F), the left vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2It shows ( / plant), the vertical axis on the right shows the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis shows the types of various plant seeds. Also, in FIGS. 8(D) to (F), the bar graph shows the results of leaf area, and the circles show the SPAD values. As shown in FIGS. 8(A) to (C), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the pulverized materials of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the above-ground fresh weights of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, increased significantly. Also, as shown in FIGS. 8(D) to (F), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the pulverized materials of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the leaf areas of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, increased significantly. As shown in FIGS. 8(D) and (E), compared with the untreated case, in the culture soil mixed with the pulverized materials of various plant seeds after roasting treatment, the SPAD values of the test plants, namely tomato and Chinese cabbage, increased significantly. From these results, it was found that when 1 to 5 g / l of pulverized plant seeds after roasting treatment were mixed into the culture soil, a plant growth promoting effect was observed.

[0077] (5) Examination of the effect of the seed extract Since it was found that plant seeds and plant seeds after roasting treatment have a plant growth promoting effect, it was examined whether the extract of plant seeds or plant seeds after roasting treatment also affects the germination of plants. Specifically, first, various plant seeds were roasted under the conditions of 130 °C for 13 minutes. Then, 400 ml of distilled water was added to 50 g of the pulverized materials of various unroasted plant seeds or the pulverized materials of various plant seeds after the roasting treatment, and shaken for 6 hours. After the shaking, extracts of various unroasted plant seeds or various plant seeds after the roasting treatment were obtained. Next, 20 seeds of the test plants were sown in each petri dish lined with filter paper. After the sowing, 2 ml of the stock solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 100-fold diluted solution of the extract, and 2 ml of distilled water (pH 6.0) were added. After the addition, the germination rate was investigated 88 hours and 108 hours later. Note that cabbage seeds were used for the plant seeds. Cabbage (Okinawa SP), tomato (Momotaro), and onion (Neo Earth) were used for the test plants. Negative control (H 2For (O), cultivation was carried out in the same manner except that distilled water was added to the petri dish instead of the extract. The results are shown in FIGS. 9 to 12.

[0078] FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the germination results of cabbage, which is the test plant, in the extract of uncooked or roasted cabbage seeds. FIG. 9(A) shows the germination results of cabbage, which is the test plant, after 88 hours of growth, and FIG. 9(B) shows the germination results of cabbage, which is the test plant, after 108 hours of growth. As shown in FIG. 9, germination inhibition was observed in the undiluted extract. Also, in the 10-fold diluted solution and 100-fold diluted solution, the color of some roots was brown. It was found that the germination inhibition of the extract after roasting treatment was suppressed compared to the extract without roasting.

[0079] FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the germination results of onion, which is the test plant, in the extract of uncooked or roasted cabbage seeds. FIG. 10(A) shows the germination results of onion, which is the test plant, after 88 hours of growth, and FIG. 10(B) shows the germination results of onion, which is the test plant, after 108 hours of growth. As shown in FIG. 10, germination inhibition was observed in the undiluted extract. Also, in the 10-fold diluted solution and 100-fold diluted solution, similar germination was observed compared to the result of adding distilled water (H 2 O). It was found that the germination inhibition of the extract after roasting treatment was suppressed compared to the extract without roasting.

[0080] FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the germination results of tomato, which is the test plant, in the extract of uncooked or roasted cabbage seeds. FIG. 11(A) shows the germination results of tomato, which is the test plant, after 88 hours of growth, and FIG. 11(B) shows the germination results of tomato, which is the test plant, after 108 hours of growth. As shown in FIG. 11, germination inhibition was observed in the undiluted extract and 10-fold diluted solution. In the 100-fold diluted solution, similar germination was observed compared to the result of adding distilled water (H 2 O). It was found that the germination inhibition of the extract after roasting treatment was suppressed compared to the extract without roasting.

[0081] FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of germination of test plants in the extract of cabbage seeds before or after roasting treatment. In FIG. 12, the vertical axis represents the germination rate (%), and the horizontal axis represents the types of test plants and the dilution rate of the extract. As shown in FIG. 12, it was found that germination inhibition was observed in the undiluted extract of cabbage seeds. On the other hand, in the diluted extract, a growth promoting effect was observed as compared with the undiluted extract. In addition, it was found that the germination inhibition of the extract of roasted cabbage seeds was suppressed as compared with the extract of unroasted seeds.

[0082] (6) Examination of the plant growth promoting effect by the seed extract Next, it was examined whether the extract of plant seeds or roasted plant seeds exhibits a plant growth promoting effect. Specifically, first, various plant seeds were roasted under the conditions of 130° C. for 13 minutes. As the plant seeds, cabbage, pumpkin, or onion seeds were used. Then, 100 ml of distilled water was added to 10 g of the unground or ground product of each kind of unroasted plant seeds and the unground or ground product of each kind of plant seeds after the roasting treatment, and shaken under the conditions of 48 hours. For the negative control (untreated group), the same amount of distilled water was added without adding seeds. After the shaking, 9 kinds of extracts shown in Table 1 below were obtained (+: present, -: absent). Next, a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite was packed into a 200-hole tray, and various test plants were sown and cultivated. As the test plants, tomato (Momotaro), Chinese cabbage (Yellow Heart 75), and cucumber (Summer Suzumi) were used. The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 12th day after the start of the cultivation, about 2 ml of the undiluted solution, 2-fold diluted solution, 5-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution of the extract was poured into each hole. On the 28th day after the start of the cultivation (16th day after the addition of the extract), the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD) were measured. These results are shown in FIGS. 13 to 20. The asterisks in the graphs of FIGS. 13 to 20 mean a significant difference at the 5% level or more compared with the untreated case. The statistical analysis was performed by the Student's t method.

[0083]

Table 1

[0084] Figure 13 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figure 13(A) shows the results of the negative control (untreated), and Figure 13(B) shows the growth results of tomatoes, which are test plants, by adding extracts of various seeds (1 to 7 (unroasted) in Table 1 above). In Figure 13(B), the upper row shows the results when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, the middle row shows the results when the extract is derived from pumpkin seeds, and the lower row shows the results when the extract is derived from onion seeds. In Figure 13(B), the left shows the results of the extract of the ground seeds, and the right shows the results of the extract of the unground seeds. Also, in Figure 13(B), from the left, the results when extracts of the stock solution (×1), 2-fold diluted solution (×2), 5-fold diluted solution (×5), 10-fold diluted solution (×10), and 20-fold diluted solution (×20) are added are shown. As shown in Figure 13, compared with the untreated case, when a 5-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution of the extract of the ground cabbage seeds is added, and with extracts of all dilution concentrations of the unground cabbage seeds, a growth promoting effect on tomatoes was observed. Also, compared with the untreated case, a growth promoting effect on tomatoes was observed with extracts of all dilution concentrations of the extracts of pumpkin seeds or onion seeds, regardless of whether the seeds were ground or not.

[0085] Figure 14 is a graph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figures 14(A) to (C) show the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomatoes, which are test plants, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 14(D) to (F) show the results of the leaf area of tomatoes, which are test plants, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 14(G) to (I) show the SPAD values of tomatoes, which are test plants, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. In Figures 14(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 14(D) to (F), the vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 14(G) to (I), the vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. Note that in Figure 14, NA (Not Available) means that samples of three or more individuals could not be collected. As shown in Figure 14, compared with the untreated case, when a 5-fold dilution, 10-fold dilution, or 20-fold dilution of the extract of ground cabbage seeds was added, and with extracts of all dilution concentrations of unground cabbage seeds, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD value of tomatoes, which are test plants, increased significantly. As shown in Figure 14, compared with the untreated case, regardless of whether the seeds were ground or not, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD value of tomatoes, which are test plants, increased significantly with extracts of all dilution concentrations of pumpkin seeds or onion seeds. From these results, it was found that extracts of cabbage, pumpkin, and onion seeds have a growth-promoting effect on tomatoes, regardless of whether the seeds were ground or not.

[0086] Figure 15 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figure 15(A) shows the results of the negative control (untreated), and Figure 15(B) shows the growth results of pak choi, the test plant, by adding extracts of various seeds (1 to 7 (unroasted) in Table 1 above). In Figure 15(B), the upper row shows the results when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, the middle row shows the results when the extract is derived from pumpkin seeds, and the lower row shows the results when the extract is derived from onion seeds. In Figure 15(B), the left shows the results of the extract of unground seeds, and the right shows the results of the extract of ground seeds. Also, in Figure 15(B), from left to right, the results when extracts of the stock solution (×1), 2-fold diluted solution (×2), 5-fold diluted solution (×5), 10-fold diluted solution (×10), and 20-fold diluted solution (×20) are added are shown. As shown in Figure 15, compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of grinding treatment, a growth promoting effect on pak choi was observed in extracts of all dilution concentrations of extracts of cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds.

[0087] Figure 16 is a graph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figures 16(A) to (C) show the results of the above-ground fresh weight of pak choi, the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 16(D) to (F) show the results of the leaf area of pak choi, the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 16(G) to (I) show the SPAD values of pak choi, the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. In Figures 16(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 16(D) to (F), the vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / (plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In FIGS. 16(G) to (I), the vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. As shown in FIGS. 16(A) and (D), compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment, for the extracts at all dilution concentrations of the extract of cabbage seeds, the above-ground fresh weight and leaf area of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, were significantly increased. As shown in FIGS. 16(B) to (C), (E) to (F), and (H) to (I), compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment, for the extracts at all dilution concentrations of the extract of pumpkin seeds or onion seeds, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, were significantly increased. As shown in FIG. 16(G), compared with the untreated case, when a 5-fold dilution, 10-fold dilution, or 20-fold dilution of the extract of unground cabbage seeds was added, and for the extracts at all dilution concentrations of unground cabbage seeds, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. From these results, it was found that the extracts of cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, and onion seeds have a growth promoting effect on Chinese cabbage regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment.

[0088] FIG. 17 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants by the addition of extracts of various seeds. FIG. 17(A) shows the results of the negative control (untreated), and FIG. 17(B) shows the growth results of the test plant, cucumber, by the addition of extracts of various seeds (1 to 7 (unroasted) in Table 1 above). In FIG. 17(B), the upper row shows the results when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, the middle row shows the results when the extract is derived from pumpkin seeds, and the lower row shows the results when the extract is derived from onion seeds. In FIG. 17(B), the left shows the results of the extract of unground seeds, and the right shows the results of the extract of seeds subjected to the grinding treatment. Also, in FIG. 17(B), from the left, the results when extracts of the undiluted solution (×1), 2-fold dilution (×2), 5-fold dilution (×5), 10-fold dilution (×10), and 20-fold dilution (×20) are added are shown. As shown in FIG. 17, compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment, a growth promoting effect on cucumber was observed for the extracts at all dilution concentrations of the extract of cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds.

[0089] Figure 18 is a graph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figures 18(A) to (C) show the results of the fresh weight of the above-ground part of cucumber, which is the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 18(D) to (F) show the results of the leaf area of cucumber, which is the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. Figures 18(G) to (I) show the SPAD values of cucumber, which is the test plant, when the extract is derived from cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. In Figures 18(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the fresh weight of the above-ground part (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 18(D) to (F), the vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 18(G) to (I), the vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. As shown in Figure 18, compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment, the fresh weight of the above-ground part, leaf area, and SPAD value of cucumber, which is the test plant, increased significantly in the extracts of all dilution concentrations of the extracts of cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, or onion seeds. From these results, it was found that the extracts of cabbage seeds, pumpkin seeds, and onion seeds have a growth promoting effect on cucumber regardless of the presence or absence of the grinding treatment.

[0090] Figure 19 is a photograph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figure 19(A) shows the growth results of tomatoes, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds (8 - 9 (roasted) in Table 1 above). Figure 19(B) shows the growth results of Chinese cabbages, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds. Figure 19(C) shows the growth results of cucumbers, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds. In Figure 19, the upper row shows the results in the case of non-roasted, and the lower row shows the results in the case of roasting treatment. In Figure 19, the left shows the results of the extract of non-ground seeds, and the right shows the results of the extract of ground seeds. Also, in Figure 19, from left to right, the results when adding extracts of the stock solution (×1), 2-fold diluted solution (×2), 5-fold diluted solution (×5), 10-fold diluted solution (×10), and 20-fold diluted solution (×20) are shown. As shown in Figure 19, in the extract after roasting treatment, when the extract is the stock solution (high concentration), there is a tendency to promote the growth of plants compared to the non-roasted extract.

[0091] Figure 20 is a graph showing the growth results of test plants by adding extracts of various seeds. Figures 20(A) - (C) show the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomatoes, Chinese cabbages, or cucumbers, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds. Figures 20(D) - (F) show the results of the leaf area of tomatoes, Chinese cabbages, or cucumbers, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds. Figures 20(G) - (I) show the SPAD values of tomatoes, Chinese cabbages, or cucumbers, which are test plants, by adding an extract of cabbage seeds. In Figures 20(A) - (C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figures 20(D) - (F), the vertical axis indicates the leaf area (cm 2( / plant) is shown, and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. In Figs. 20(G) to (I), the vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the dilution of the extract. Note that in Fig. 20, NA (Not Available) means that samples of three or more individuals could not be collected. As shown in Figs. 20(A), (D), and (G), compared with the untreated case, in the case of non-ground regardless of roasting, and in the case of grinding and roasting, for all dilution concentrations of the extract, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD value of the test plant, tomato, were significantly increased. Also, in the case of grinding and non-roasted, for the 5-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution, the above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD value of the test plant, tomato, were significantly increased. As shown in Figs. 20(B) to (C) and (E) to (F), compared with the untreated case, regardless of the presence or absence of roasting and grinding, for all dilution concentrations of the extract, the above-ground fresh weight and leaf area of the test plants, Chinese cabbage and cucumber, were significantly increased. As shown in Fig. 20(H), in the case of grinding regardless of roasting, for all dilution concentrations of the extract, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. Also, in the case of non-ground and non-roasted, for the 5-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the case of non-ground and roasted, for the undiluted solution, 5-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. As shown in Fig. 20(I), in the case of non-roasted regardless of grinding, for all dilution concentrations of the extract, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. Also, in the case of non-ground and roasted, for the 2-fold diluted solution, 10-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the case of grinding and roasted, for the undiluted solution, 2-fold diluted solution, 5-fold diluted solution, or 20-fold diluted solution, the SPAD value of the test plant, Chinese cabbage, was significantly increased. From these results, it was found that the extract after roasting treatment alleviates the germination inhibition and growth inhibition of plants that occur when the extract is undiluted (high concentration).

[0092] (7) Examination of Roasting Conditions for Seeds It was found that roasting seeds could suppress the growth inhibition of plants. Therefore, it was examined whether the roasting conditions of plant seeds affect the plant growth promoting effect. Specifically, the seeds of Chinese cabbage were roasted under five conditions: Condition 1: 130°C, 5 minutes; Condition 2: 130°C, 13 minutes; Condition 3: 130°C, 30 minutes; Condition 4: 180°C, 5 minutes; or Condition 5: 180°C, 10 minutes. Thereafter, 3 g / l of the unground or ground product of each roasted plant seed (Figure 21) after the roasting treatment was mixed into a fertilizer-free culture soil composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, and various test plants were cultivated. The test plants used were tomato ("Momotaro"), Chinese cabbage ("Kiiro-gokoro 75"), and cucumber ("Natsu-suzumi"). The cultivation was carried out on a bench in a glass greenhouse. On the 22nd day after the start of the cultivation, the shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf color (SPAD) were measured. The negative control (untreated) was cultivated in the same manner except that the plant seeds were not mixed into the fertilizer-free culture soil. Also, as pulverized unroasted, cultivation was carried out in the same manner except that unroasted and crushed seeds were used instead of the roasted seeds. These results are shown in Figures 22 to 25. The statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparison using the Tukey method, and a significant difference of 5% level or more between different letters in the graph of Figure 25 indicates this.

[0093] Figure 22 is a photograph showing the growth results of the test plant, tomato, in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground product of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. In Figure 22, from the left in the upper row, the results of untreated (negative control), crushed unroasted, unground product of Condition 1, ground product of Condition 1, unground product of Condition 2, and ground product of Condition 2 are shown, and from the left in the lower row, the cases of unground product of Condition 3, ground product of Condition 3, unground product of Condition 4, ground product of Condition 4, unground product of Condition 5, and ground product of Condition 5 are shown. As shown in Figure 22, regardless of the presence or absence of pulverization, when the seeds roasted under the roasting conditions of Conditions 1 to 4 were mixed, a plant growth promoting effect on the test plant, tomato, was observed as compared with the untreated case.

[0094] Figure 23 is a photograph showing the growth results of Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground products of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. In Figure 23, from the left in the upper row, the results of untreated (negative control), crushed but unroasted, unground product of condition 1, ground product of condition 1, unground product of condition 2, and ground product of condition 2 are shown. From the left in the lower row, the cases of unground product of condition 3, ground product of condition 3, unground product of condition 4, ground product of condition 4, unground product of condition 5, and ground product of condition 5 are shown. As shown in Figure 23, regardless of the presence or absence of grinding, when the seeds roasted under the roasting conditions of conditions 1 to 4 were mixed, a growth promoting effect on Chinese cabbage, which is the test plant, was observed as compared with the untreated case.

[0095] Figure 24 is a photograph showing the growth results of cucumber, which is the test plant, in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground products of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. In Figure 24, from the left in the upper row, the results of untreated (negative control), crushed but unroasted, unground product of condition 1, ground product of condition 1, unground product of condition 2, and ground product of condition 2 are shown. From the left in the lower row, the cases of unground product of condition 3, ground product of condition 3, unground product of condition 4, ground product of condition 4, unground product of condition 5, and ground product of condition 5 are shown. As shown in Figure 24, regardless of the presence or absence of grinding, when the seeds roasted under the roasting conditions of conditions 1 to 4 were mixed, and when the unground product of the seeds roasted under the roasting condition of condition 5 was mixed, a growth promoting effect on cucumber, which is the test plant, was observed as compared with the untreated case.

[0096] Figure 25 is a graph showing the growth results of the test plants in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground products of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. Figures 25(A) to (C) show the results of the above-ground fresh weight of tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber, which are the test plants, in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground products of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. Figures 25(D) to (F) show the leaf area and SPAD value of tomato, Chinese cabbage, or cucumber, which are the test plants, in the culture soil mixed with the unground or ground products of the seeds roasted under each roasting condition. In Figures 25(A) to (C), the vertical axis indicates the above-ground fresh weight (gFW / plant), and the horizontal axis indicates the roasting conditions. In Figures 25(D) to (F), the left vertical axis is the leaf area (cm2 / plant) is shown, the right vertical axis indicates the SPAD value, and the horizontal axis indicates the roasting conditions. Also, in FIGS. 25(D) to (F), the bar graph represents the leaf area (cm 2 / plant), and the circles indicate the SPAD values. As shown in FIGS. 25(A) to (C), when seeds roasted under roasting conditions 1 to 4 were mixed regardless of the presence or absence of grinding, the above-ground fresh weight of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased compared to the untreated ones. Also, when the unground product of the seeds roasted under roasting condition 5 was mixed, the above-ground fresh weight of the test plants, namely tomato and cucumber, significantly increased compared to the untreated ones. As shown in FIGS. 25(D) to (F), when seeds roasted under roasting conditions 1 to 4 were mixed regardless of the presence or absence of grinding, and when the unground product of the seeds roasted under roasting condition 5 was mixed, the leaf area of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased compared to the untreated ones. Also, when seeds roasted under roasting conditions 1 to 4 were mixed regardless of the presence or absence of grinding, the SPAD values of the test plants, namely tomato, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber, significantly increased compared to the untreated ones. From these results, it was found that the plant growth promoting effect of the seeds was further enhanced by a certain degree of roasting treatment.

[0097] As described above, the present disclosure has been explained with reference to the embodiments and examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and examples. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present disclosure within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0098] The patents, patent applications, and documents cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if their contents were specifically set forth herein.

[0099] <Supplementary Note> Some or all of the above embodiments and examples may be described as follows, but are not limited thereto. <Composition> (Supplementary Note 1) A composition comprising seeds or an extract thereof. (Appendix 2) The composition according to Appendix 1, wherein the seed is a seed that has lost its germination ability. (Appendix 3) The composition according to Appendix 1 or 2, wherein the seed or an extract thereof is a heat-treated seed or an extract thereof. (Appendix 4) The composition according to Appendix 3, wherein the heat treatment is a roasting treatment. (Appendix 5) The composition according to Appendix 3 or 4, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 130°C to 180°C. (Appendix 6) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 5, wherein the seed is a crushed seed. (Appendix 7) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 6, wherein the seed is a seed that has not been subjected to oil extraction treatment. (Appendix 8) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 7, wherein the seed includes a seed coat and / or a shell. (Appendix 9) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 8, wherein the seed is a seed that has not been fermented. (Appendix 10) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 9, wherein the extract is an aqueous extract of the seed. (Appendix 11) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 10, wherein the seed is selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. (Appendix 12) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 11, excluding oil cake. (Appendix 13) The composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 12, for use in promoting plant growth. <Cultivation soil> (Appendix 14) Cultivation soil containing the composition according to any one of Appendices 1 to 13. (Appendix 15) The culture soil contains the composition at 1 g / l to 50 g / l, and is the culture soil described in Supplementary Note 15. <Kit> (Supplementary Note 16) A kit comprising the composition described in any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 13 and culture soil. (Supplementary Note 17) Furthermore, the kit described in Supplementary Note 16, which includes seeds for cultivation, seedlings of plants, and / or individual plants. <Method for manufacturing the composition> (Supplementary Note 18) A method for manufacturing the composition, characterized by including the following steps (a), (b), and / or (c): (a) A step of heat-treating seeds or an extract thereof; (b) A step of crushing the seeds; (c) A step of extracting an extract from the seeds. (Supplementary Note 19) The manufacturing method described in Supplementary Note 17, wherein the heat treatment in step (a) is a roasting treatment. (Supplementary Note 20) The manufacturing method described in Supplementary Note 18 or 19, wherein the heat treatment is carried out by treating the seeds or an extract thereof at a temperature of 100°C to 180°C. (Supplementary Note 21) The manufacturing method described in any one of Supplementary Notes 18 to 20, wherein the extraction in step (c) is an extraction of an aqueous extract from the seeds using an aqueous solvent. (Supplementary Note 22) The manufacturing method described in any one of Supplementary Notes 18 to 21, wherein step (c) is carried out after the implementation of steps (a) and / or (b). (Supplementary Note 23) The manufacturing method described in any one of Supplementary Notes 18 to 22, which does not include a step of extracting oil from the seeds. (Supplementary Note 24) The manufacturing method described in any one of Supplementary Notes 18 to 23, wherein the seeds include seed coats and / or husks. (Supplementary Note 25) The manufacturing method described in any one of Supplementary Notes 18 to 24, which does not include a step of fermenting the seeds. (Supplementary Note 26) The seed is produced by the method according to any one of Appendices 18 to 25, selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. (Appendix 27) The composition is produced by the method according to any one of Appendices 18 to 26, excluding oil cake.

Industrial Applicability

[0100] As described above, according to the present disclosure, a composition containing a seed or an extract thereof can be provided. Therefore, the present disclosure can be said to be extremely useful in fields such as the field of seedlings.

Claims

1. A composition comprising seeds or an extract thereof, wherein the seeds are seeds that have lost their germination ability.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the seeds or the extract thereof are heat-treated seeds or an extract thereof.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the heat treatment is a roasting treatment.

4. The composition according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 100°C to 180°C.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the seeds are crushed seeds.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seeds are seeds that have not been subjected to oil extraction treatment.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the seeds include seed coats and / or husks.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the seeds are seeds that have not been fermented.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the extract is an aqueous extract of the seeds.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seeds are selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, excluding oil cake.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, for use in promoting plant growth.

13. A culture soil comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The culture soil according to claim 13, wherein the culture soil contains the composition at 1 g / l to 50 g / l.

15. A kit comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and a culture soil.

16. The kit according to claim 15, further comprising seeds for cultivation, seedlings of plants, and / or plant individuals.

17. A method for producing a composition, comprising the following steps (a), (b), and / or (c): (a) a step of heat-treating seeds or an extract thereof; (b) a step of crushing the seeds; (c) a step of extracting an extract from the seeds.

18. The production method according to claim 17, wherein the heat treatment in step (a) is a roasting treatment.

19. The production method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the heat treatment is carried out by treating the seeds or the extract thereof at a temperature of 100°C to 180°C.

20. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the extraction in the step (c) is an extraction of an aqueous extract from the seeds using an aqueous solvent.

21. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the step (c) is carried out after the step (a) and / or (b) is carried out.

22. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, which does not include a step of pressing oil from the seeds.

23. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the seeds include a seed coat and / or a husk.

24. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, which does not include a step of fermenting the seeds.

25. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the seeds are selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae.

26. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the composition excludes oil cake.

Images