Solvent composition

Abstract

To provide a solvent composition that exhibits excellent solubility to a variety of oils, and can substitute a solvent composition including 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a solvent composition comprising, (A) a hydrofluoroether, (B) a hydrofluoroolefin, (C) dimethyl carbonate, and (D) a hydrocarbon, wherein a content of the component (A) is 5 pts.mass or more and 40 pts.mass or less, a content of the component (B) is 15 pts.mass or more and 75 pts.mass or less, a content of the component (C) is 5 pts.mass or more and 65 pts.mass or less, a content of the component (D) is 3 pts.mass and 20 pts.mass or less, and the content of the component (A) is equal to or less than the content of the component (B), when the total of the component (A), the component (B), the component (C), and the component (D) is 100 pts.mass.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a solvent composition.

Background Art

[0002] In metal processing, there is a degreasing and cleaning step before the metal painting and plating processes. In addition, mineral oil and oil-based ink are used for mirror finishing of steel sheets and need to be cleaned. Further, in the vacuum forming or injection molding of resins, it is necessary to clean and remove resin residues such as polycarbonate resin remaining on the mold. In such cleaning, a cleaning agent having high detergency and drying property is required.

[0003] As such a cleaning agent, Patent Document 1 discloses a solvent composition containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and a hydrocarbon.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] In recent years, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane has become a chemical substance subject to reduction under the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol, and its supply will be significantly reduced in the future, making it difficult to obtain.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solvent composition that can replace a solvent composition containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and has excellent solubility in various oils.

[0007] The present invention has the following configuration. [1] Comprising (A) a hydrofluoroether, (B) a hydrofluoroolefin, (C) dimethyl carbonate, and (D) a hydrocarbon, When the total of the (A) component, (B) component, (C) component, and (D) component is 100 parts by mass, the content of the (A) component is 5 to 40 parts by mass, the content of the (B) component is 15 to 75 parts by mass, the content of the (C) component is 5 to 65 parts by mass, the content of the (D) component is 3 to 20 parts by mass, and the content of the (A) component is less than or equal to the content of the (B) component, a solvent composition. [2] The solvent composition according to [1], wherein the (A) component is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2 - tetrafluoroethyl - 2,2,2 - trifluoroethyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5 - decafluoro - 3 - methoxy - 4 - (trifluoromethyl) - pentane. [3] The solvent composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the (B) component is at least one selected from the group consisting of cis - 1 - chloro - 3,3,3 - trifluoropropene, Z - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene, and E - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene. [4] The solvent composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the (D) component is at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n - heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane. [5] The solvent composition according to any one of [1] to [4], which is a cleaning agent.

Advantages of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, there is provided a solvent composition having excellent solubility in various oils, which is an alternative to a solvent composition containing 1,1,1,3,3 - pentafluorobutane.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] (Definition of Terms) When referring to “(A) hydrofluoroether”, it may be referred to as “(A)” or “(A) component”. The same applies to other components. Regarding numerical ranges, “~” means including the values at both ends. That is, “5 to 40 parts by mass” means “5 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less”. Also, “below” means “the same as or less than”, and “above” means “the same as or exceeding”.

[0010] [Solvent Composition] The solvent composition contains (A) hydrofluoroether, (B) hydrofluoroolefin, (C) dimethyl carbonate, and (D) hydrocarbon. When the total of the (A) component, (B) component, (C) component, and (D) component is 100 parts by mass, the content of the (A) component is 5 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less, the content of the (B) component is 15 parts by mass or more and 75 parts by mass or less, the content of the (C) component is 5 parts by mass or more and 65 parts by mass or less, the content of the (D) component is 3 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, and the content of the (A) component is less than or equal to the content of the (B) component.

[0011] In addition to having excellent solubility in various oils, the solvent composition may have an attacking property with respect to various resins. Here, the “attacking property” with respect to a resin means whitening, swelling, or softening the resin. And at least a part of the whitened, swollen, or softened resin may be dissolved in the solvent composition.

[0012] [(A) Hydrofluoroether] The (A) component is a hydrofluoroether. Hydrofluoroether (HFE) is a compound containing a carbon atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, and an ether bond (-O-). The (A) component, together with the (B) component, can be a main component of the solvent composition. Also, the (A) component is a component that enhances the fire safety of the solvent composition and imparts dryness to the solvent composition.

[0013] (A) components include 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (also known as 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane, HFE-347pc-f), methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)pentane, 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)butane, methyl perfluoropropyl ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl methyl ether, and the like.

[0014] Commercially available products of (A) component include Asahiklin AE-3000 (manufactured by AGC Inc.); Novec (trademark) 7100, Novec (trademark) 7200, Novec (trademark) 7300 (all manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd.).

[0015] The (A) component is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane. The (A) component may be one component or a combination of two or more components.

[0016] [(B) Hydrofluoroolefin] (B) Hydrofluoroolefin is a fluoroolefin compound that contains hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms, and fluorine atoms, and may further contain one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of chlorine atoms and bromine atoms. Component (B) is a component that improves the compatibility of the solvent composition containing component (A) and component (D). In addition, component (B) is a component that improves the degreasing power and dissolving power of the solvent composition.

[0017] Examples of component (B) include cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene ((Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene, HCFO-1233zd(Z), HFO-1233zd(Z)), E-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, ((E)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene, HCFO-1233yd(E)), (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene ((Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene, HCFO-1233yd(Z)), 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene, 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1223za), (Z)-1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1223xd(Z)), (E)-1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1223xd(E)), 1-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene, (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (HCFO-1437dycc(Z)), (E)-1-chloro-2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (HCFO-1437dycc(E)), (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz(Z)), etc.

[0018] As commercially available products of component (B), CELEFIN (registered trademark) 1233Z (manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd.) (HCFO-1233zd(Z), HFO-1233zd(Z)), AMOLEA (registered trademark) AS-300 (manufactured by AGC Inc.) ((E)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233yd(E)), (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233yd(Z)) and a mixture of stabilizers)), etc. can be mentioned.

[0019] Component (B) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, Z-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene and E-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene. Component (B) may be one component or a combination of two or more components.

[0020] [(C) Dimethyl carbonate] Dimethyl carbonate (C) is a component that can be a main component of the solvent composition together with components (A) and (B). Further, component (C) can be a component that increases the degreasing power and dissolving power of the solvent composition and imparts an attack property to resins with low chemical resistance (such as polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, acrylic resin, uncured urethane resin, etc.).

[0021] [(D) Hydrocarbon] Component (D) is a hydrocarbon-based solvent consisting only of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. Component (D) may be linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, and may have a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (for example, a carbon-carbon double bond, a carbon-carbon triple bond). Component (D) is a component that improves the detergency against oils such as silicone oil. Further, component (D) is a component that imparts wettability to the solvent composition, increases the penetration power against a wider variety of oily stains, and improves the detergency.

[0022] Examples of component (D) include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, isohexane, cyclohexane, normal heptane, isoheptane, cycloheptane, normal octane, isooctane, nonane, isononane, decane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, limonene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, 3-ethyl-2-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, isododecane, isoparaffins, and naphthenes; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene. Component (D) may be a synthetic compound.

[0023] From the viewpoint of low toxicity, component (D) is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon. Further, from the viewpoint of flash point, component (D) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n-heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane. Component (D) may be one component or a combination of two or more components.

[0024] <Components other than component (A) to component (D)> The solvent composition may contain components other than component (A), component (B), component (C), and component (D) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of such components include (E) further components and (F) additives.

[0025] <<(E) Further components>> Examples of (E) further components include (e1) nitro compounds, (e2) ethers, (e3) esters (excluding component (C) and (e2) ethers), (e4) alcohols (excluding (e2) ethers), (e5) amide compounds, (e6) chloroolefins, (e7) hydrobromocarbons, (e8) hydrofluorocarbons, and (e9) chlorinated hydrocarbons (excluding (e6) chloroolefins and component (B)).

[0026] ≪(e1) Nitro compound≫ (e1) The nitro compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having one or more nitro groups in the molecule. Examples of the (e1) component include nitroalkanes such as nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane.

[0027] ≪(e2) Ether≫ (e2) The ether is an ether-based solvent containing carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and an ether bond (-O-), which may be linear or branched, and may be cyclic or acyclic. Note that the (e2) component contains glycols. Specific examples of the (e2) component include dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, 4-methyltetrahydropyran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, diethyl ether, diisobutyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, isopropyl cellosolve, 1,2-Butylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, pentene oxide, heptene oxide, octene oxide, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ester, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, monoethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, monopropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether, monopropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, monopropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether (monoglyme), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dimethoxytetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, monopropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, etc. can be mentioned.,

[0028] ≪(e3) Ester (excluding component (C) and (e2) ether)≫ (e3) Ester (excluding component (C) and (e2) ether) includes, for example, monoester solvents, ester solvents having two carbonyl groups, carbonate ester solvents, and cyclic ester solvents. Specific examples of component (e3) include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, normal propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, amyl acetate, methyl soyate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, dibasic acid ester (DBE), ethyl acetoacetate, γ-butyrolactone, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl oxalate, diethyl oxalate, etc.

[0029] ≪(e4) Alcohol (excluding (e2) ether)≫ (e4) Alcohol (excluding (e2) ether) includes monoalcohol solvents. Specific examples of component (e4) include ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butanol, secondary butyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, 2-propyn-1-ol, 2-ethylhexanol, etc.

[0030] ≪(e5) Amide compound≫ (e5) Amide compound is a cyclic or acyclic compound having an amide bond. Components of (e5) include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylacetoacetamide, etc.

[0031] ≪(e6) Chloroolefin≫ (e6) Chlorinated olefins are olefin compounds containing carbon atoms and chlorine atoms, and may further contain hydrogen atoms or fluorine atoms. Examples of component (e6) include trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and trichloroethylene, which are hydrochlorinated olefins containing hydrogen atoms, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) and 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CFO-1214ya), 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (CFO-1213xa), etc. that do not contain hydrogen atoms.

[0032] ≪(e7) Hydrobromocarbon≫ (e7) Hydrobromocarbons are compounds consisting only of carbon atoms, bromine atoms and hydrogen atoms. Examples of component (e7) include normal propyl bromide (1-bromopropane), isobutyl bromide, etc.

[0033] ≪(e8) Hydrofluorocarbon≫ (e8) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are compounds consisting only of carbon atoms, fluorine atoms and hydrogen atoms, and are compounds without carbon-carbon double bonds. Also, component (e8) does not include 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. Examples of component (e8) include, for example, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (HFC-c447ef), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane. Examples of commercially available products of component (e8) include Zeorola (registered trademark) H (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.).

[0034] ≪(e9) Chlorinated hydrocarbons (excluding (e6) chlorinated olefins and component (B))≫ (e9) Chlorinated hydrocarbons (excluding (e6) chlorinated olefins and component (B)) are hydrocarbon solvents containing chlorine atoms and carbon atoms, and may contain hydrogen atoms. Examples of component (e9) include methylene chloride, etc.

[0035] (E) components may each be one type or a combination of two or more types.

[0036] <<(F) Additive>> (F) additives are not particularly limited as long as they are components commonly used in the field of solvent compositions. Examples of (F) additives include one or more selected from the group consisting of water, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, rust inhibitors, defoamers, surfactants, and chelating agents. Note that (E) components that act as (F) components are included in (F) components.

[0037] Ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants are components that improve the stability of solvent compositions during long-term storage, etc. Examples of ultraviolet absorbers include benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, and hindered amine-based ultraviolet absorbers. Examples of antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and phosphorus-based antioxidants.

[0038] Examples of phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, triethylene glycol-bis[3-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 1,6-hexanediol-bis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 2,4-bis-(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, pentaerythrityl-tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 2,2-thio-diethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octadecyl-3-[3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate], N,N-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamide), 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylphosphonate-diethyl ester, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl]-o-cresol, etc.

[0039] Examples of amine antioxidants include alkylated diphenylamine, tris-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurate, N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine derivatives, 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl)isocyanurate, and the like. Examples of sulfur antioxidants include 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl]-o-cresol, dilauryl-3,3-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl-3,3-dithiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3-thiodipropionate, pentaerythrityl tetrakis(3-laurylthiopropionate), ditridecyl-3,3-thiodipropionate, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, bis[2-methyl-4-(3-n-alkylthiopropionyloxy)-5-t-butylphenyl] sulfide, and the like. Examples of phosphorus antioxidants include tris-nonylphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris(isodecyl) phosphite, and the like.

[0040] Chelating agents include aminocarboxylic acid-based chelating agents, and hydroxyethylaminoacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and their salts are preferred.

[0041] Examples of rust inhibitors include cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-cyclohexylamine. Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants, and higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid ethylene oxide adducts, higher alkylamine ethylene oxide adducts, sorbitol and sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, silicone-based surfactants, and fluorine-based surfactants are preferred.

[0042] The (F) component other than the above-described components is not particularly limited as long as it is a component commonly used in the field of solvent compositions, and can be used as appropriate. The (F) components may each be one type or a combination of two or more types.

[0043] <Composition of Solvent Composition> In the solvent composition, when the total of the (A) component, (B) component, (C) component, and (D) component is 100 parts by mass, the content of each component is as follows.

[0044] The content of the (A) component is 5 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less. When the content of the (A) component exceeds 40 parts by mass, the solubility in oil tends to be poor. From the viewpoint of more efficiently exerting the effects of the solvent composition, the content of the (A) component is preferably 5 to 35 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass.

[0045] The content of the (B) component is 15 parts by mass or more and 75 parts by mass or less. When the content of the (B) component is less than 15 parts by mass, the compatibility of the composition and the solubility in oil tend to be poor. Also, when the content of the (B) component exceeds 75 parts by mass, the detergency by scrubbing tends to be poor. From the viewpoint of more efficiently exerting the effects of the solvent composition, the content of the (B) component is preferably 30 to 70 parts by mass, and more preferably 40 to 70 parts by mass.

[0046] Also, the content of the (A) component is equal to or less than the content of the (B) component. When the content of the (A) component exceeds the content of the (B) component, the excellent solubility in various oils tends to be poor.

[0047] (C) component content is 5 parts by mass or more and 65 parts by mass or less. When the content of (C) component exceeds 65 parts by mass, the solubility in silicone oil tends to be poor. Also, when the content of (C) component is 5 parts by mass or more, the attack property on the resin tends to be excellent. From the viewpoint of more efficiently exerting the effect as a solvent composition, the content of (C) component is preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass.

[0048] (D) component content is 3 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less. When the content of (D) component is less than 3 parts by mass, the solubility in oil tends to be poor. When the content of (D) component exceeds 20 parts by mass, the compatibility and drying property of the composition tend to be poor. From the viewpoint of more efficiently exerting the effect as a solvent composition, the content of (D) component is preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 15 parts by mass.

[0049] From the viewpoint of more excellent effect as a solvent composition, when the whole composition is 100 parts by weight, the total content of (A) component, (B) component, (C) component and (D) component is preferably 85 parts by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 90 parts by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less. The remainder is (E) component and (F) component.

[0050] [Manufacturing method of solvent composition] The manufacturing method of the solvent composition is arbitrary. By appropriately selecting a known method for the raw material components contained in the solvent composition, for example, one or more means selected from the group consisting of stirring, mixing, dissolving and dispersing can be carried out to manufacture it. One or more means can be carried out to manufacture it.

[0051] [Uses of solvent composition] Since the solvent composition is excellent in the solubility of oils, it can be used as a cleaning agent for cleaning an object to be cleaned to which one or more selected from the group consisting of oily stains and oils adhere. Since the solvent composition may be excellent in the attack property on resins, it may be used as a cleaning agent for cleaning an object to be cleaned to which a resin adheres, a swelling agent for a resin, or a softening agent for a resin. Further, since the solvent composition may be excellent in drying property, it may be used as a cleaning agent for cleaning an object to be cleaned to which dust adheres.

[0052] <<Oil>> Examples of the oil include mineral oil, vegetable oil, animal oil, heavy oil, wax, silicone oil and the like. These oils may be used, for example, as cutting oil, press oil, drawing oil, heat treatment oil, rust preventive oil, lubricating oil, metal working oil, grease, asphalt, and water-soluble oil.

[0053] The mineral oil is not particularly limited, and commercially available products include pulley SF oil (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.). Examples of the vegetable oil include olive oil, linseed oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, and dehydrated castor oil. The fatty acids constituting the vegetable oil are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and specifically include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eleostearic acid. Examples of the animal oil include fish oil, whale oil, lard, and beef tallow. Examples of the heavy oil include asphaltene. Examples of the resin include pitch and rosin. Examples of the wax include plant-based, animal-based, petroleum-based, and synthetic hydrocarbon-based waxes.

[0054] Silicone oil has a main skeleton composed of siloxane bonds. The silicone oil may be a straight silicone oil such as dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, methylhydrogen silicone oil, etc. Further, it may be a modified silicone oil in which another organic group such as a carboxyl group, an amino group, a polyether group, an acrylic group or an epoxy group is introduced into the side chain or terminal of the polysiloxane. Specific examples of such silicone oil include dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, polyoxyethylene-methylpolysiloxane, etc. Examples of such commercially available silicone oils include KF-96L-2CS, KF-6012, etc. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0055] Water-soluble oils are roughly classified into emulsion type, soluble type, and solution type. The emulsion type mainly consists of an oil insoluble in water such as mineral oil or fatty oil and a surfactant, and forms a milky white emulsion when diluted with water. The soluble type also contains an oil insoluble in water and a surfactant, but becomes transparent to translucent when diluted with water. The solution type mainly consists of water-soluble inorganic salts, etc., and becomes transparent when diluted with water. There is also an emulsion type silicone oil obtained by mixing silicone oil, a surfactant, and water.

[0056] <<Resin>> The resin includes uncured resin, cured resin, and cured product of a resin composition containing additives blended in the resin. Further, the cured product of the resin includes, in addition to the cured product cured by promoting the curing reaction of the resin, a cured product having elasticity such as an elastomer, and a solidified product solidified by the volatilization of additives blended in the resin such as a reaction diluent and an increase in viscosity. The resin is preferably a polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, acrylic resin, uncured urethane resin, styrene resin, and polyvinyl chloride resin.

[0057] Polycarbonate resin is a type of thermoplastic. The joints between monomer units are composed of carbonate groups (-O-(C=O)-O-).

[0058] Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin is an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer in which polybutadiene, a rubbery polymer, is dispersed, and it mainly consists of three components: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene.

[0059] Examples of uncured urethane resins include compositions containing diisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and polyols such as polypropylene glycol. In the composition, a part of the diisocyanates and polyols may have reacted.

[0060] Examples of acrylic resins include polymers having a compound with an acryloyl group and / or a methacryloyl group as a monomer unit.

[0061] Styrene resin is a polymer having styrene as a monomer, and its cured product is also called polystyrene. When the styrene resin is in a foam form, the cured foam of the styrene resin is also called expanded polystyrene.

[0062] Polyvinyl chloride resin is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride or a copolymer of vinyl chloride and a further vinyl monomer.

[0063] The above-mentioned resins may be blended with additives according to the purpose. Examples of additives include curing agents, curing accelerators, fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, flame retardants, flame retardant aids, antistatic agents, colorants, charge imparting agents, sliding property improvers, impact resistance improvers, and reaction diluents, etc.

[0064] In addition to the above, specific examples of resins include inks such as oil-based markers or water-based markers, and writing instruments containing any of the above-mentioned resins.

[0065] <<Dust>> The dust is not particularly limited and includes solid substances floating in the air (for example, solid particles of 5 mm or less).

[0066] <<Oil-based stain>> Examples of the oil-based stain include oil stain and resin stain. The oil-based stain may contain dust. The oil and resin that are the raw materials of the oil-based stain are as described above. Examples of the oil-based stain include non-polar oil-based stain, oil-based stain due to polar components, and oil-based stain due to a plurality of components having different polarities according to the polarity of the oil described above. In addition, examples of the resin stain include non-polar resin stain, oil-based stain due to polar components, and oil-based stain due to a plurality of components having different polarities according to the polarity of the resin component and the components used in combination.

[0067] <Cleaning method> The cleaning method using the solvent composition (that is, the method of using the cleaning agent) includes bringing the solvent composition into contact with the object to be cleaned. The object to be cleaned has oil-based stain, oil, resin, and / or dust adhering to the substrate. In the cleaning method, by bringing the solvent composition into contact with the object to be cleaned, the oil-based stain, oil, resin, and / or dust adhering to the substrate are removed from the substrate. The phenomenon in which the cured product of the resin adhering to the substrate is removed by the solvent composition is considered to be as follows. That is, when the resin comes into contact with the solvent composition, all or part of the resin softens by dissolving and / or swelling at the surface of the resin and / or at the interface between the substrate and the resin, and is removed by the decrease in the adhesion between the substrate and the resin. When the oil-based stain contains solid stains such as dust, this solid stain can be removed simultaneously with the removal of the oil-based stain.

[0068] <Substrate> The material of the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples include metals, fibers, glass, ceramics, elastomers, plastics, etc. Examples of metals include silver, zinc, nickel, iron, aluminum, copper, manganese, magnesium, stainless steel, aluminum alloys (alloys of aluminum and one or more metals selected from copper, manganese, silicon, magnesium, zinc, and nickel), etc. Examples of elastomers include rubbers such as nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber. Examples of plastics include polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, PET resin (polyethylene terephthalate resin), etc. Note that as long as the above-mentioned oily dirt, oil, resin, or dust is removed from the substrate, the substrate may be plastic.

[0069] Specific examples of the substrate include devices and their components for obtaining cured products of the above resins, metal processed products, electrical and electronic components, optical components, automotive components, mechanical components, semiconductor components, and display components, etc.

[0070] Examples of electrical and electronic components include printed circuit boards and wiring boards such as ceramic substrates. Examples of optical components include optical lenses (e.g., lenses for cameras) and components for optical lenses (e.g., camera housings). Examples of automotive components include metal components used for automotive shafts, frame components, exterior components, etc. Examples of mechanical components include bearings for vacuum pumps, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, cleaning equipment, motors, fans, etc., bearings for precision mechanical components such as watches, and components such as rollers of printing presses. Examples of semiconductor-related components include electronic components such as IC chips and resistors. Examples of display components include liquid crystal substrates, organic EL substrates, inorganic EL substrates, etc. The shapes of these components are not limited to plate-like members, and may be pipe-like members or long members with a circular or rectangular cross-section, or other members with complex shapes. Since the solvent composition contains component (D) with a low surface tension, it has excellent penetrability and is particularly effective for objects to be cleaned with fine structures.

[0071] Note that the object to be cleaned may be an object to be cleaned for daily maintenance and is cleaned once to twice a day, or an object to be cleaned for overhaul, for example, once every six months to one year.

[0072] The method for bringing the solvent composition into contact with the object to be cleaned (i.e., the cleaning method) is not particularly limited. For example, wiping cleaning (including hand wiping cleaning and mechanical wiping cleaning), brush cleaning, immersion cleaning (liquid phase cleaning), steam cleaning (gas phase cleaning), spray cleaning (including spraying with a cleaning aerosol composition), shower cleaning, ultrasonic immersion cleaning, rinsing, and combinations thereof can be mentioned. The cleaning method is preferably immersion cleaning, wiping cleaning, brush cleaning, or rinsing. Also, the cleaning method is preferably not steam cleaning. Therefore, the solvent composition is preferably a cleaning agent for immersion cleaning, a cleaning agent for wiping, a cleaning agent for brush cleaning, or a cleaning agent for rinsing. And the solvent composition is preferably not a cleaning agent for steam cleaning.

[0073] Immersion cleaning may include immersing part or all of the object to be cleaned in the solvent composition to bring the solvent composition into contact with the object to be cleaned and cleaning the surface of the object to be cleaned. In immersion cleaning, in order to enhance the cleaning effect, means such as stirring, shaking, ultrasonic vibration, or air bubbling may be combined simultaneously with the immersion. The conditions for ultrasonic vibration and air bubbling can be appropriately set from known conditions.

[0074] The cleaning method by wiping and washing involves using a solvent composition to clean the surface of the object to be cleaned by wiping and washing. Since a physical force by wiping is applied in the cleaning method by wiping and washing, it is a cleaning method with a higher cleaning effect compared to immersion cleaning. Examples of wiping and washing include hand wiping and mechanical wiping and washing. Hand wiping is not particularly limited and may be performed by manually rubbing with paper, cotton, cloth, cotton swabs, etc. impregnated with the solvent composition while contacting the area where oily dirt and / or oil adheres; or by manually rubbing through a plate or rod while contacting paper, cotton, cloth, etc. impregnated with the solvent composition with the area where oily dirt and / or oil adheres. Also, after spraying the solvent composition, wiping may be performed with cotton, cloth, etc. Mechanical wiping and washing may be a cleaning method that mechanically performs the above-mentioned hand wiping. The number of times of wiping the object to be cleaned in wiping and washing is not particularly limited as long as it can remove the oily dirt, oil, resin, and / or dust adhering to the object to be cleaned, and may be once or two or more times.

[0075] The cleaning method by brush washing involves using a solvent composition and a brush to clean the surface of the object to be cleaned by rubbing with the brush. Since a physical force by the brush is applied in the cleaning method by brush washing, it is a cleaning method with a higher cleaning effect compared to immersion cleaning. Examples of brush washing include manual and mechanical brush washing. The material of the brush may be chemical fiber, animal fiber, plant fiber, or metal wire. Chemical fibers include nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, vinyl chloride, Teflon (registered trademark), polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin, and may include abrasive grains, copper sulfide, elenone emulsion, etc. Animal fibers include horsehair, pig hair, wool, deer hair, human hair. Plant fibers include tampico, palm, fern, sisal, carcaia, sial, palmyra. Metal wires include hard steel wire, quenched wire, gold-plated wire, iron wire, stainless steel wire, brass wire, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper. It may be washed with a brush dipped in the solvent composition, or may be washed with a brush after rinsing.

[0076] The cleaning method by pouring and washing involves cleaning by pouring a solvent composition onto the surface of the object to be cleaned. Since a physical force is applied when the solvent composition is poured onto the surface of the object to be cleaned, the cleaning method by pouring and washing has a higher cleaning effect than immersion cleaning. Also, since the solvent composition has appropriate drying properties, it can efficiently lift and remove dirt during pouring and washing. Examples of the method of pouring the solvent composition onto the surface of the object to be cleaned include a method of pouring the solvent composition in small portions into a container such as a bucket or a pail, a shower, a spray, a jet, an aerosol, etc.

[0077] The cleaning time corresponding to the contact time between the solvent composition and the object to be cleaned is not particularly limited as long as it can remove oily dirt and / or oil from the substrate. For example, the cleaning time may be 1 second or more and 2 hours or less. Also, the temperature of the solvent composition in each cleaning is not particularly limited and can be -10°C or higher and below the boiling point of the solvent composition, and preferably -5 to 50°C.

Examples

[0078] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Unless otherwise specified, "parts" are by mass.

[0079] The components used in the Examples are as follows. The cleaning agents (solvent compositions) in the Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared by using the following solvents as they are or by mixing the respective solvents according to the compositions (parts by mass) in the table.

[0080] 1. Components Used (A-1): HFE-347pc-f: Asahiklin AE-3000 manufactured by AGC Inc.: 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (A-2): NOVEC7100: Manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd.: A mixture of methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether (A-3): Methyl Nonofluoro Isobutyl Ether (manufactured by Hangzhou Fanda Chemical Co., Ltd) (A-4): NOVEC 7200: manufactured by 3M Japan Limited: mixture of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether and ethyl nonafluoro isobutyl ether (B-1): 1233Z: manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd: HCFO-1233zd(Z): cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (B-2): AMOLEA AS-300: manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd AMOLEA AS-300: mixture of Z-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene and E-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (C) Dimethyl Carbonate (manufactured by UBE Corporation) (D-1) Isohexane (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd) (D-2) n-Heptane (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd) (D-3) Isooctane (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd) (D-4) Isononane (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd) (D-5) Cyclohexane (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd) (D-6) Methylcyclohexane (manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd)

[0081] 2. Oil (1) Cutting Oil (Daphne Mag Plus ST25, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd) (2) Sesame Oil (Healthy Sesame Oil, manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd) (3) Sewing Machine Oil (Pulley SF Oil, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd) (4) Silicon Oil (KF96-10000CS-1, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd) (5) Magic Pen (Sakura Marker Ginta SG7, manufactured by Sakura Color Products Corporation)

[0082] 3. Other Products (1) Stainless Steel Plate: TS50-100-06 manufactured by Iwata Seisakusho (Material: SUS304, 50mm×100mm×0.5mm) (2) Tissue paper: 100% pulp made by Asukuru Co., Ltd., 210 mm × 197 mm (3) Polycarbonate resin plate: KPAC201-1 made by Kosei Co., Ltd., 10 mm × 30 mm × 1 mm

[0083] 4. Test examples Test examples 1 to 5 were conducted.

[0084] Test example 1: Compatibility test 30 g of the detergent was placed in a glass bottle and stored in a refrigerator (2°C) and a freezer (-20°C), or left standing at room temperature (25°C) for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the presence or absence of liquid separation, freezing, etc. was confirmed. Compatibility was evaluated according to the following criteria. When the result of Test example 1 was "〇", it was judged that "the compatibility is excellent". 〇: No separation occurred in the range from -20°C to 25°C ●: Separated or frozen during storage in the freezer (-20°C) △: Separated during storage in the refrigerator (2°C) ×: Separated at room temperature (25°C)

[0085] Test example 2: Oil dissolution test 0.3 g of the oil to be tested and 3 g of the detergent were weighed into a test tube. After shaking for 10 seconds, it was left standing for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the state of the liquid was confirmed. The solubility of the oil was evaluated according to the following criteria. When the result of Test example 2 was "〇 or ◎", it was judged that "the oil solubility is excellent". ◎: No turbidity, no phase separation ○: Turbidity, no phase separation ●: Turbidity, very slight phase separation △: Turbidity, obvious phase separation ×: No turbidity, obvious phase separation

[0086] Test example 3: Hand wiping cleaning test Test example 3-1: Cutting oil, machine oil, silicone oil 1. One drop (about 0.02 g) of the oil to be tested was dropped onto the center of a stainless steel plate, and the tissue paper was stretched after being folded into four. 2. Apply about 1 ml (one pipette full) of the detergent to a four - folded tissue paper and let it soak in. Wipe the stainless - steel plate from end to end twice. Check for the presence of oil. 3. If oil remains, repeat the operation in "2.".

[0087] Test Example 3 - 2: Magic Pen 1. Apply the magic pen once to a 30 mm × 10 mm area on the surface of the stainless - steel plate and let it dry. 2. Apply about 1 ml (one pipette full) of the detergent to a four - folded tissue paper and let it soak in. Wipe the stainless - steel plate from end to end twice. Check for the presence of oil. 3. If oil remains, repeat the operation in "2.".

[0088] The detergency was evaluated according to the following criteria. In Test Example 3, when it was "◎, 〇 or ●", it was judged that "the hand - wiping detergency is excellent". ◎: Can be wiped off with one tissue paper. 〇: Can be wiped off with two tissue papers. ●: Can be wiped off with 3 - 5 tissue papers. △: Can be wiped off with 6 - 10 tissue papers. ×: Cannot be wiped off with 11 tissue papers and oil remains.

[0089] Test Example 4: Pour - over Washing Test 1. Drop one drop (about 0.02 g) of the oil to be tested in the center of the stainless - steel plate and stretch a four - folded tissue paper. 2. Stand the stainless - steel plate with the applied oil vertically, pour about 1 ml (one pipette full) of the detergent over it and wash it off. Check for the presence of oil. 3. If oil remains, repeat the operation in "2.". The pour - over detergency was evaluated according to the following criteria. In Test Example 4, when it was "◎, 〇 or ●", it was judged that "the pour - over detergency is excellent". Also, in Test Example 3, when the hand - wiping detergency is excellent and in Test Example 4, when the pour - over detergency is excellent, it was judged that "the detergency is excellent". ◎: Oil drops off after one rinsing. ○: Oil drops off after 2 - 3 rinsings. ●: After 3 rinsings, oil drops off from the areas where the detergent passed through. ×: Oil remains even after 4 rinsings.

[0090] Test Example 5: Polycarbonate (PC) Resin Attack Test 10 g of the detergent was weighed into a standard bottle (standard: No. 2K), and a polycarbonate resin plate was placed therein. After immersing at room temperature (25 °C) for 18 hours, the state of the polycarbonate resin plate was checked. The attack on the polycarbonate resin was evaluated according to the following criteria. In Test Example 5, when it was "◎ or 〇", it was judged that "the attack on the polycarbonate resin is excellent". ◎: Whitens, swells, and easily disintegrates. 〇: Whitens, swells, or softens. ×: No change (remains transparent)

[0091] The results are summarized in Tables 1 - 3 below. In the tables, "-" indicates not tested.

[0092]

Table 1

[0093]

Table 2

[0094]

Table 3

[0095] As can be seen from Tables 1 to 3, the solvent compositions of the examples were excellent in solubility and detergency for various oils. Further, the solvent compositions of the examples were excellent in compatibility and formed coherent compositions. And the solvent compositions of the examples were excellent in the attack property on the resin to be removed. According to the comparison between Example 10 and Example 26, the solvent composition containing the component (B-1) was more excellent in detergency (particularly, detergency by rinsing) than the solvent composition containing the component (B-2). According to the comparison between Example 10 and Examples 23 to 25, equivalent excellent effects were obtained as solvent compositions regardless of the type of the component (A). According to the comparison between Examples 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14, equivalent excellent effects were obtained as solvent compositions regardless of the type of the component (D).

[0096] When the solvent compositions of the comparative examples were poor in compatibility, they did not form coherent compositions. Further, the solvent compositions of the comparative examples were poor in solubility or detergency for oils. And some of the solvent compositions of the comparative examples were poor in the attack property on the resin to be removed. Specifically, it is as follows. Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are solvent compositions containing only the component (A). Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were poor in solubility or detergency for oils. Further, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were poor in the attack property on the resin to be removed. Comparative Examples 5 to 9 are solvent compositions containing only the components (A) and (D). Comparative Examples 5 to 9 were poor in compatibility. Comparative Examples 10 to 12 are solvent compositions containing only the components (A) and (C). Comparative Examples 10 to 12 were poor in solubility or detergency for oils. Comparative Examples 13 to 15 are solvent compositions containing only the components (A) and (B). Comparative Examples 13 to 15 had excessive dryness and were poor in detergency by rinsing. Comparative Examples 16 to 29 are solvent compositions not containing the component (B). Comparative Examples 16 to 29 were poor in compatibility. Comparative Examples 31 to 37 are solvent compositions that do not contain component (D). Comparative Examples 31 to 37 were inferior in solubility or detergency to various oils. Comparative Examples 34 to 41 are solvent compositions in which the content of component (A) exceeds the content of component (B). Comparative Examples 34 to 41 were inferior in solubility or detergency to oils.

Claims

Claim 1 comprising (A) a hydrofluoroether, (B) a hydrofluoroolefin, (C) dimethyl carbonate, and (D) a hydrocarbon, when the total of the components (A), (B), (C) and (D) is 100 parts by mass, the content of the component (A) is 5 to 40 parts by mass, the content of the component (B) is 15 to 75 parts by mass, the content of the component (C) is 5 to 65 parts by mass, the content of the component (D) is 3 to 20 parts by mass, and the content of the component (A) is not more than the content of the component (B); a solvent composition. Claim 2 The solvent composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2 - tetrafluoroethyl - 2,2,2 - trifluoroethyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5 - decafluoro - 3 - methoxy - 4 - (trifluoromethyl) - pentane. Claim 3 The solvent composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of cis - 1 - chloro - 3,3,3 - trifluoropropene, Z - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene, and E - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene. Claim 4 The solvent composition according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of cis - 1 - chloro - 3,3,3 - trifluoropropene, Z - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene, and E - 1 - chloro - 2,3,3 - trifluoroprop - 1 - ene. Claim 5 The solvent composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n - heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane. Claim 6 The solvent composition according to claim 2, wherein the component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n - heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane. Claim 7 The solvent composition according to claim 3, wherein the component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n-heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane.

8. The solvent composition according to claim 4, wherein the component (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of isohexane, n-heptane, isooctane, isononane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and ethylcyclohexane.

9. The solvent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is a cleaning agent.

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