Opening device

Abstract

To provide an opening device whose fire prevention performance can be improved.SOLUTION: An opening device includes a multilayer panel 1, a frame 2 that supports the multilayer panel 1, and frames 3a, 3b, and 3c. The frame 2 has a frame hook portion 5 that engages with inner peripheries of opening component members 6, 7, and 8 on an indoor side of a frame mounting piece 4. The frames 3a, 3b, and 3c are made of resin or metal, are provided on an indoor side of the frame hook portion 5 in contact with inner peripheral surfaces of the opening component members 6, 7, and 8, cover an indoor side of the frame 2, and expose a facing surface 18 on the indoor side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an opening device installed in an opening of a building.

Background Art

[0002] In an opening device such as a FIX window installed in an opening of a building, there has been a problem of improving fire resistance performance.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-described circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an opening device capable of improving fire resistance performance.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] The opening device according to the invention described in claim 1 for achieving the above object includes a multilayer panel, a frame for supporting the multilayer panel, and a molding. The frame has a body hanging portion that locks to the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent member on the indoor side of the body mounting piece. The molding is made of resin or metal, is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the opening constituent member on the indoor side of the body hanging portion, covers the indoor side of the frame, and is characterized in that the indoor finding surface is exposed.

[0005] The opening device according to the invention described in claim 2 includes a multilayer panel, a shoji for supporting the multilayer panel, a frame for supporting the shoji, and a molding. The shoji is such that the stile is hidden by the frame when viewed from the indoor side. The frame has a body hanging portion that locks to the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent member on the indoor side of the body mounting piece. The molding is made of resin or metal, is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the opening constituent member on the indoor side of the body hanging portion, covers the indoor side of the frame, and is characterized in that the indoor finding surface is exposed.

Effects of the Invention

[0006] The opening device according to the invention described in claim 1 includes a multilayer panel, a frame for supporting the multilayer panel, and a molding. The frame has a body - hanging portion that locks to the inner - peripheral side of the opening - forming member on the indoor side of the body - mounting piece. The molding is made of resin or metal and is provided in contact with the inner - peripheral side surface of the opening - forming member on the indoor side of the body - hanging portion, covering the indoor side of the frame and exposing the indoor - side finding surface. When a fire occurs on the indoor side, the heat of the fire is likely to be transmitted to the peripheral portion of the multilayer panel supported by the frame, so that thermal cracking of the multilayer panel can be prevented and the fire - prevention performance can be improved.

[0007] The opening device according to the invention described in claim 2 includes a multilayer panel, a shoji for supporting the multilayer panel, a frame for supporting the shoji, and a molding. When viewed from the indoor side, the frame of the shoji is hidden by the frame. The frame has a body - hanging portion that locks to the inner - peripheral side of the opening - forming member on the indoor side of the body - mounting piece. The molding is made of resin or metal and is provided in contact with the inner - peripheral side surface of the opening - forming member on the indoor side of the body - hanging portion, covering the indoor side of the frame and exposing the indoor - side finding surface. When a fire occurs on the indoor side, the heat of the fire is likely to be transmitted to the peripheral portion of the multilayer panel supported by the frame of the shoji, so that thermal cracking of the multilayer panel can be prevented and the fire - prevention performance can be improved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the opening device of the present invention (an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1). This opening device is applied to a FIX window with a fireproof specification for housing, and is attached to a frame 2 attached to a building opening 10 formed by left and right pillars (opening constituent members) 6, 6, a sill (opening constituent member) 7, and a window sill (opening constituent member) 8, and a double-layer glass (double-layer panel) 1 housed in the frame 2. The pillars 6, 6, the sill 7, and the window sill 8 have their inner peripheral side surfaces and indoor side surfaces exposed when viewed from the indoor side.

[0010] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the frame 2 is configured by framing an upper frame 11, a lower frame 12, and left and right vertical frames 13, 13. The upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13 are each formed so that a glass opening 14 having a substantially U-shaped cross section opening toward the inner peripheral side is continuous in all four sides. The peripheral edge portion of the double-layer glass 1 is swallowed into the glass opening 14 and fixed by beads 15a, 15b. The bottom surface 14a of the glass opening 14 is located on the inner peripheral side of the inner peripheral side surfaces 6a, 7a, 8a of the opening constituent members (pillar 6, sill 7, and window sill 8). The upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13 are formed of extruded aluminum alloy members, and the portion constituting the indoor side wall of the glass opening 14 is detachably configured by a resin member 16. The resin member 16 has an extension portion 17 extending toward the indoor side. The resin members 16 of the upper frame 11 and the vertical frames 13 are formed by dividing them into two members, an extrusion edge 16a and a base material 16b.

[0011] As shown in FIG. 1, the lower frame 12 is formed with a body mounting piece 4 that abuts against the outdoor side of the body (window sill) 8 and is fixed with screws (not shown) protruding toward the outer peripheral side. The body mounting piece 4 has a body hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the window sill 8 on the indoor side. On the indoor side of the body hanging portion 5, a frame 3a made of a resin molding is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface 8a of the window sill 8, covering the indoor side of the lower frame 12 with the frame 3a. The indoor finding surface 18 of the frame 3a is exposed.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1, the upper frame 11 is formed in the same manner as the lower frame 12, with a body mounting piece 4 that abuts against the outdoor side of the body (lintel) 7 and is fixed with screws (not shown) protruding toward the outer peripheral side. The body mounting piece 4 has a body hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the lintel 7 on the indoor side. On the indoor side of the body hanging portion 5, a frame 3b made of a resin molding is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface 7a of the lintel 7 via a furring strip 19, covering the indoor side of the upper frame 11 with the frame 3b. The indoor finding surface 18 of the frame 3b is exposed.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical frame 13 is formed in the same manner as the lower frame 12 and the upper frame 11, with a body mounting piece 4 that abuts against the outdoor side of the body (column) 6 and is fixed with screws (not shown) protruding toward the outer peripheral side. The body mounting piece 4 has a body hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the column 6 on the indoor side. On the indoor side of the body hanging portion 5, a frame 3c made of a resin molding is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface 6a of the column 6 via a furring strip 19, covering the indoor side of the vertical frame 13 with the frame 3c. The indoor finding surface 18 of the frame 3c is exposed.

[0014] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the four peripheral frames 3a, 3b, 3c are arranged from the indoor side in a framed state at the body opening 10 and fixed to the bodies 6, 7, 8 together with the extending portion 17 of the resin molding 16 provided on the indoor side of the frame 2 with screws (not shown) from the inner peripheral side. The four peripheral frames 3a, 3b, 3c and the resin molding 16 are continuous.

[0015] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at the corner where the indoor side surfaces of the upper and left and right three frames 3b, 3c, 3c meet the inner peripheral side surfaces of the opening constituent members (columns 6, 6 and lintel 7), a decorative material 20 made of a wooden square timber or the like is attached, and the decorative material 20 hides the gap between the frames 3b, 3c, 3c and the opening constituent members 7, 6, 6. Note that the decorative material 20 may be provided on all four sides, top, bottom, left, and right.

[0016] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the multilayer glass 1 is formed by bonding two sheets of glass, an outdoor side glass 21a and an indoor side glass 21b, with a spacer 22 interposed therebetween. Either the outdoor side glass 21a or the indoor side glass 21b is a fireproof glass such as a wired glass or a heat-resistant crystallized glass, and the other is a float glass or a Low-E glass. The spacer 22 may be made of aluminum, but by using a resin spacer, the heat insulation performance can be further improved.

[0017] FIGS. 8 and 9 show a comparative example of the opening device of the first embodiment, and illustrate a normal-fitting flush window. Inner wall members 23 are provided on the indoor side of the opening constituent members (columns 6, lintel 7 and window sill 8), and wooden frames 24 are provided on the inner peripheral side so as not to be visible when viewed from the indoor side. Wooden frames 24 are respectively located on the indoor sides of the upper frame 11, the lower frame 12 and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13, and the extending portions 17 of the resin profiles 16 are fixed to the frames 24 with screws (not shown) from the inner peripheral side. The bottom surface 14a of the glass opening 14 is located on the outer peripheral side of the inner peripheral side surface 24a of the frame 24.

[0018] In the comparative example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, when a fire breaks out on the indoor side, since there is a wooden frame 24, heat is less likely to be transmitted to the inside of the glass opening 14 of the frame 2, and when the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion swallowed by the glass opening 14 of the multilayer glass 1 and the temperature of the apparent portion exposed on the inner peripheral side of the frame 2 becomes large, there is a risk that the non-fireproof glass 21a, 21b will crack (thermal crack). In particular, heat is less likely to be transmitted to the inside of the glass opening 14 of the lower frame 12, and cracking often occurs from the lower edge side of the glass 21a, 21b. The opening device of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 exposes the inner peripheral side surface and the indoor side surface of the opening constituent members (column 6, lintel 7, and window sill 8), and covers the indoor side of the frame 2 with resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c. When a fire breaks out on the indoor side, the resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c melt away (the resin molding 16 of the frame 2 also melts away), and the heat of the fire is directly transmitted from the indoor side to the frame 2, so the temperature inside the glass opening 14 rises. Along with this, the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion and the apparent portion of the glasses 21a and 21b becomes smaller, so thermal cracking of the glasses 21a and 21b can be prevented.

[0019] The frames 3a, 3b, and 3c covering the indoor side of the frame 2 may be made of metal such as aluminum in addition to being made of resin. When the frames 3a, 3b, and 3c are made of metal, when a fire breaks out on the indoor side, the frames 3a, 3b, and 3c are heated by the heat of the fire, and the heat is transmitted to the frame 2, causing the temperature inside the glass opening 14 to rise. Therefore, similar to the case of the resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c, thermal cracking of the glasses 21a and 21b can be prevented.

[0020] FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the opening device of the present invention (an embodiment of the invention according to claim 2). This opening device is applied to a single-opening window with a fireproof specification for housing, and includes a frame 2 attached to a body opening 10 formed by left and right columns 6, 6, a lintel 7, and a window sill 8, a shoji 9 provided in the frame 2 so as to be openable and closable, and a multilayer glass 1 supported by the shoji 9. The columns 6, 6, the lintel 7, and the window sill 8 have their inner peripheral side surfaces and indoor side surfaces exposed as seen from the indoor side, similar to the first embodiment.

[0021] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the frame 2 is configured by framing an upper frame 11, a lower frame 12, and left and right vertical frames 13, 13. The upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13 each have a body hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent members (column 6, lintel 7, and window sill 8) on the indoor side of the body attachment piece 4, similar to the first embodiment. Resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c are provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surfaces of the opening constituent members 6, 7, and 8 on the indoor side of the body hanging portion 5. Further, resin moldings 25 are respectively attached to the inner peripheral portions on the indoor side of the upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13. Soft fin pieces 26 that abut against the indoor side surface of the shoji 9 are provided at the outdoor side ends of the resin moldings 25. The four-sided frames 3a, 3b, 3c are flush with the resin moldings 25 of the frame 2 and are continuous on the inner peripheral side.

[0022] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shoji 9 has a frame body formed by framing an upper frame 27, a lower frame 28, and left and right vertical frames 29, 29 made of extruded aluminum alloy. The frame body has a glass opening 14 continuously surrounding the inner peripheral side, and the peripheral edge of the double glazing 1 is engulfed in the glass opening 14 and held by a glazing channel 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the left vertical frame 29 when viewed from the indoor side of the shoji 9 is connected to the vertical frame 13 by a hinge 31 and is configured to open to the outdoor side. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in this opening device, the frames 27, 28, 29 of the shoji 9 are hidden by the frame 2 and not visible when viewed from the indoor side. Further, the indoor side of the frame 2 is covered by resin frames 3a, 3b, 3c provided on the indoor side.

[0023] FIGS. 10 and 11 show a comparative example of the opening device of the second embodiment and illustrate a normal single-opening window with a proper fit. Wall materials 32 made of gypsum board or the like are provided on the indoor side and the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent members (pillar 6, lintel 7, and window sill 8). By pasting the wallpaper 33 on the surface of the wall material 32 so as to wrap around the inner peripheral side, it becomes invisible when viewed from the indoor side. The indoor sides of the upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13, 13 are covered with the wall material 32.

[0024] In the comparative example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, when a fire breaks out on the indoor side, since the indoor side of the frame 2 is covered with the wall material 32, heat hardly transfers to the inside of the glass span 14 of the shoji 9, and when the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion swallowed by the glass span 14 of the double-layer glass 1 and the temperature of the apparent portion exposed on the inner peripheral side of the frames 27, 28, and 29 becomes large, there is a risk that the glasses 21a and 21b that are not fire-resistant glass will crack (thermal cracking). In particular, heat hardly transfers to the inside of the glass span 14 of the lower frame 28, and cracking often occurs from the lower edge side of the glasses 21a and 21b. The opening device of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 exposes the inner peripheral side surface and the indoor side surface of the opening constituent members (the pillar 6, the lintel 7, and the window sill 8), and covers the indoor side of the frame 2 with the resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c. When a fire breaks out on the indoor side, the resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c melt away (the resin-shaped material 25 of the frame 2 also melts away), and the heat of the fire directly transfers from the indoor side to the frames 27, 28, and 29, so the temperature inside the glass span 14 increases. Accordingly, the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion of the glasses 21a and 21b and the temperature of the apparent portion becomes small, so that thermal cracking of the glasses 21a and 21b can be prevented.

[0025] Next, in order to verify the effect of covering the indoor side of the frame 2 with the resin-made frames 3a, 3b, and 3c, the results of the simulation performed on the opening device of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the comparative example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 will be described. The simulation was performed using Marc manufactured by MSC Software. As conditions, assuming that a fire breaks out on the indoor side, as shown in FIG. 6, the set temperature on the heating surface side (indoor side) was set to a temperature that rises to 800°C with the passage of time in the same curve as during a fire, and the set temperature on the non-heating surface (outdoor side) was fixed at 20°C. The analyzed models assume that in both the second embodiment and the comparative example, the outdoor glass 21a is Low-E glass, the indoor glass 21b is wire glass, and the spacer 22 is made of aluminum. As shown in Fig. 7, the temperature of the edge portion (point B in Fig. 7(a)) and the apparent portion (point C in Fig. 7(a)) at the height of half of the outdoor glass 21a in the second embodiment, and the temperature of the edge portion (point A in Fig. 7(b)) at the same height of the outdoor glass 21a in the comparative example were obtained. Regarding the second embodiment, a simulation was performed assuming that the resin frame 3c and the resin profile 25 of the vertical frame fell off after 240 seconds. This is because when a fire resistance test was conducted on an opening device with the same structure and fit as the second embodiment, the resin frame 3b and the resin profile 25 of the vertical frame fell off after approximately 240 seconds. The results of the simulation are shown in Fig. 5.

[0026] Generally, during a fire, as time passes, the temperature of the glass rises, and there is a risk of cracking after about 480 seconds. Whether it actually cracks or not depends on factors such as the temperature inside the glass opening and the depth of the glass's penetration into the opening. As shown in the graph of Fig. 5, after about 480 seconds, in the second embodiment, compared with the comparative example, the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion of the glass (solid line in the figure) and the temperature of the apparent portion of the glass (dashed-dotted line in the figure) becomes smaller, so the cracking of the glass can be prevented. Generally, it is said that if the temperature difference between the edge portion and the apparent portion is within 20°C, the glass is less likely to crack. In the case of the second embodiment, after 480 seconds, the period during which the temperature difference between the edge portion and the apparent portion remains within 20°C becomes longer, so it can be said from the results of this simulation that the glass is less likely to crack. On the other hand, in the case of the comparative example, since the temperature difference between the temperature of the edge portion (dotted line in the figure) and the temperature of the apparent portion (dashed-dotted line in the figure) is more than 20°C at all times after 480 seconds, the glass is highly likely to crack.

[0027] As described above, this opening device (first embodiment) includes a multilayer panel (multilayer glass) 1, a frame 2 that supports the multilayer panel 1, and moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c. The frame 2 has a body-hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent members (pillar 6, sill 7, and window sill 8) on the indoor side of the body attachment piece 4. The moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c are made of resin or metal, and are provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surfaces of the opening constituent members 6, 7, and 8 on the indoor side of the body-hanging portion 5, covering the indoor side of the frame 2 and exposing the indoor finding surface 18 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). When a fire occurs on the indoor side, the heat of the fire is likely to be transmitted to the peripheral portion of the multilayer panel 1 supported by the frame 2, so that thermal cracking of the multilayer panel 1 can be prevented and the fireproof performance can be improved. Further, this opening device (second embodiment) includes a multilayer panel 1, a shoji 9 that supports the multilayer panel 1, a frame 2 that supports the shoji 9, and moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c. When viewed from the indoor side, the frames 27, 28, and 29 of the shoji 9 are hidden by the frame 2. The frame 2 has a body-hanging portion 5 that locks to the inner peripheral side of the opening constituent members 6, 7, and 8 on the indoor side of the body attachment piece 4. The moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c are made of resin or metal, and are provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surfaces of the opening constituent members 6, 7, and 8 on the indoor side of the body-hanging portion 5, covering the indoor side of the frame 2 and exposing the indoor finding surface 18 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). When a fire occurs on the indoor side, the heat of the fire is likely to be transmitted to the peripheral portion of the multilayer panel 1 supported by the frames 27, 28, and 29 of the shoji 9, so that thermal cracking of the multilayer panel 1 can be prevented and the fireproof performance can be improved. In this opening device (first embodiment), the indoor panel opening width constituent member (resin profile) 16 that holds the multilayer panel 1 is made of resin and is continuous with the resin moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c (see FIGS. 1 and 2). When a fire occurs on the indoor side, the resin moldings 3a, 3b, and 3c and the panel opening width constituent member 16 melt, making it easier for the heat of the fire to be transmitted to the peripheral portion of the multilayer panel 1, thus enhancing the effect of preventing thermal cracking of the multilayer panel 1. This opening device (first and second embodiments) has the picture frames 3a, 3b, and 3c with the mounting surface 18 on the indoor side exposed to the outer peripheral side from the bottom surface 14a of the panel opening (glass opening) 14 (see FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4). When a fire breaks out on the indoor side, heat can be more easily transmitted into the panel opening 14, enhancing the effect of preventing thermal cracking of the multi-layer panel 1.

[0028] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The cross-sectional shapes and materials of the frame and the stile, as well as the cross-sectional shapes and materials of the picture frames, can be appropriately changed. The configuration of the multi-layer panel is arbitrary, and it may be a three-glass one, an aluminum spacer one, etc. The opening device of the present invention can be applied not only to FIX windows and single-opening windows but also to various window types. Further, the opening device of the present invention may be a FIX window in which a shoji screen supporting the multi-layer panel is fixed to the frame so as not to move.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0029] 1 Multi-layer glass 2 Frame 3a, 3b, 3c Picture frame 4 Body mounting piece 5 Body resting part 6 Column (opening component) 7 Lintel (opening component) 8 Window sill (opening component) 9 Shoji screen

Claims

**Claim 1** An opening device comprising a multi-layer panel, a frame for supporting the multi-layer panel, and a frame border. The frame has a body-hanging portion that locks to the inner peripheral side of an opening component member on the indoor side of a body attachment piece. The frame border is made of resin or metal, is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the opening component member on the indoor side of the body-hanging portion, covers the indoor side of the frame, and has an indoor finding surface exposed. **Claim 2** An opening device comprising a multi-layer panel, a shoji screen for supporting the multi-layer panel, a frame for supporting the shoji screen, and a frame border. When viewed from the indoor side, the frame of the shoji screen is hidden by the frame. The frame has a body-hanging portion that locks to the inner peripheral side of an opening component member on the indoor side of a body attachment piece. The frame border is made of resin or metal, is provided in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the opening component member on the indoor side of the body-hanging portion, covers the indoor side of the frame, and has an indoor finding surface exposed.

Images