Positive electrode active material for lithium battery having oriented structure and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

To provide a positive electrode active material for a lithium battery that has an oriented structure and thus has long life and high capacity.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium battery, in which the orientation is formed by firing a density gradient precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside of secondary particles formed by agglomerates of primary particles to the outside of the secondary particles, and a method for manufacturing the same.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium battery and a method for manufacturing the same, characterized in that a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside of secondary particles formed by aggregates of primary particles toward the outside of the particles is fired to form an orientation. The positive electrode active material for a lithium battery according to the present invention can have characteristics of long life and high capacity by having an orientation structure.

Background Art

[0002] With the development of technologies related to electric vehicles and the increasing demand, the demand for secondary batteries as an energy source has been rapidly increasing. Among such secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries that exhibit high energy density and voltage, have a long cycle life, and a low self-discharge rate have been commercialized and widely used. As the positive electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery, lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is used. Among them, cobalt provides a positive electrode active material with a high operating voltage and excellent rate characteristics. However, since the positive electrode active material with a high cobalt composition is expensive, there is a limit to its large-scale use as a power source in fields such as electric vehicles. In recent years, the price of cobalt has soared, and the cobalt content has tended to gradually decrease. Therefore, a solution that can complement the rate characteristics and life is required.

[0003] As another method for improving the stability of the positive electrode active material, a lithium transition metal oxide having a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the transition metal component gradually changes from the surface to the inside of the positive electrode active material has been proposed. However, the positive electrode active material having a concentration gradient developed so far has a problem that it does not have a complete orientation from the inside to the surface of the particles. In addition, in order to implement this, complicated processes are required, resulting in high processing costs and difficulty in quality control.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research to manufacture a cathode active material with low processing costs and complete orientation. As a result, when manufacturing the cathode active material, by adding xylitol as a particle shape regulator, it has been found that a cathode active material with complete orientation and improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics can be manufactured, and the present invention has been completed.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a cathode active material in which secondary particles are formed by aggregates of primary particles and which has improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics with orientation from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles. The cathode active material according to the present invention is characterized in that a density gradient type precursor whose density gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the particles is fired to form orientation in secondary particles formed by aggregates of primary particles.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a cathode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics manufactured by the above-described method. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery including a cathode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics. As used herein, the term "orientation" means providing a density gradient type precursor in which the density continuously changes throughout the internal region of secondary particles formed by aggregates of primary particles, so that the density gradient spreads during the firing process and gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles. As used herein, the term "primary particle" means a primary structure of a single particle, and the term "secondary particle" means an aggregate in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated by physical or chemical bonds between the primary particles.

Effects of the Invention

[0007] According to the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, by firing a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside of the secondary particles formed by the aggregation of primary particles toward the outside of the particles to form orientation, the migration resistance of lithium ions is reduced, and it becomes possible to manufacture a secondary battery having high output and long life characteristics.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] Hereinafter, the positive electrode active material for a lithium battery having an orientation structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention and its manufacturing method will be described in detail. However, this is presented as an example of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited by these, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention to implement the embodiments. Throughout this specification, unless otherwise specifically stated, "comprising" or "containing" means including any component (or constituent) without any particular limitation, and shall not be construed as excluding the addition of other components (or constituents).

[0010] According to a first embodiment, The present invention provides a positive electrode active material in which secondary particles are formed from aggregates of primary particles, and the capacity characteristics and life characteristics having orientation from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles are improved.

[0011] In the positive electrode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics according to the present invention, the positive electrode active material is characterized in that an orientation is formed by firing a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles formed from aggregates of primary particles. The positive electrode active material according to the present invention provides a density gradient type precursor in which the density continuously changes over the entire region inside the secondary particles, so that the density gradient spreads during the firing process, and an orientation can be formed within the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material having an orientation structure according to the present invention can improve the output characteristics and life characteristics of the secondary battery by reducing the migration resistance of lithium in the lithium secondary battery.

[0012] In the positive electrode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics according to the present invention, the primary particles are characterized in that they are elongated in an orientation form from the center to the surface of the secondary particles to form spherical secondary particles. The shape of the primary particles can be plate-like, needle-like, or amorphous, but is not limited thereto.

[0013] In the positive electrode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics according to the present invention, the specific surface area of the secondary particles is 1 to 30 m 2 / g, and the average particle size (D 50 ) is characterized by being 2 to 20 μm. In the positive electrode active material with improved capacitance characteristics and lifespan characteristics according to the present invention, the positive electrode active material is characterized by being composed of a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal. The transition metal may be nickel, cobalt, manganese, or a mixture thereof.

[0014] In the positive electrode active material with improved capacitance characteristics and lifespan characteristics according to the present invention, the positive electrode active material is characterized by being a lithium-nickel composite oxide represented by the following [Chemical Formula 1]. [Chemical Formula 1] Li x [Ni y Co z Mn w M v O2 (In the formula, M is one or more selected from Ba, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, and Mo; 0.9 < x < 1.2, 0.8 < y < 1, 0 < z < 0.8, 0 < w < 0.05, 0 ≤ v ≤ 0.2.)

[0015] According to a second embodiment, The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material with improved capacitance characteristics and lifespan characteristics, and the method includes: (A) A step of manufacturing an aqueous mixed solution of metal salts containing a nickel-containing substance, a cobalt-containing substance, and a manganese-containing substance; (B) A step of introducing a reaction solution containing the aqueous mixed solution of metal salts and a complex ion forming agent into a reactor; (C) A step of adjusting the pH by introducing a pH adjuster into the reaction solution under an inert atmosphere; (D) A step of filtering the reaction solution to obtain a metal composite hydroxide; (E) A step of mixing the metal composite hydroxide and a lithium raw material to manufacture a positive electrode active material precursor; and (F) A step of firing the positive electrode active material precursor; including The step (A), step (B), or step (C) further includes a step of adding a particle shape regulator. The above positive electrode active material is characterized in that an orientation is formed by firing a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles formed by the aggregation of primary particles.

[0016] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the particle shape regulator is characterized by being sugar or sugar alcohol. For example, the sugar or sugar alcohol may be xylitol, mannitol, isomalt, sorbitol, maltitol, refined white sugar, lactose, inositol, erythritol, crystalline fructose, trehalose, ribitol, arabitol, galactitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, or a combination thereof.

[0017] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the nickel-containing substance is characterized by containing a nickel-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide. For example, the nickel-containing substance may be Ni(OH)2, NiO, NiOOH, NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·4H2O, NiC2O2·2H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, NiSO4, NiSO4·6H2O, nickel fatty acid salt, nickel halide, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0018] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the cobalt-containing substance is characterized by being a cobalt-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide. For example, the cobalt-containing substance may be Co(OH)2, CoOOH, Co(OCOCH3)2·4H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, CoSO4, Co(SO4)2·7H2O, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0019] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the manganese-containing substance is characterized by being a manganese-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide. For example, the manganese-containing substance may be, but is not limited to, Mn2O3, MnO2, Mn3O4, MnCO3, Mn(NO3)2, MnSO4, manganese acetate, manganese dicarboxylate, manganese citrate, manganese fatty acid salt, manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese chloride, or a combination thereof.

[0020] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the pH adjuster may be, but is not limited to, NaOH, NH4OH, KOH, or a combination thereof. In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the reaction solution in the step (C) is characterized by having a pH of 10 to 12.

[0021] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the method further includes a step of drying the metal composite hydroxide in an oven at 100 to 200 °C, preferably 150 °C, for 24 hours or more after the step (D) so that the water content is adjusted to 0.1 wt% or less.

[0022] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the lithium raw material may be, but is not limited to, a lithium-containing carbonate (e.g., lithium carbonate), a hydrate (e.g., lithium hydroxide hydrate (LiOH·H2O)), a hydroxide (e.g., lithium hydroxide), a nitrate (e.g., lithium nitrate (LiNO3)), a chloride (e.g., lithium chloride (LiCl)), or a combination thereof.

[0023] In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, the firing step in the step (F) is performed at a temperature of 600 to 1000 °C for 5 to 30 hours. In the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention, in the step (E), the M raw material substance is further mixed as necessary.

[0024] According to the third embodiment, the present invention provides a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics, wherein the positive electrode active material is characterized in that an orientation is formed by firing a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the particles in the secondary particles formed by aggregates of primary particles.

[0025] In the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, the positive electrode is characterized by further containing a conductive material or a binder. For example, the positive electrode is manufactured by dissolving or dispersing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material and / or a binder, etc. in a solvent to produce a positive electrode composite material, applying the positive electrode composite material to at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector, and then drying and rolling it, or by casting the positive electrode composite material on another support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling it from this support on the positive electrode current collector. At this time, the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not induce a chemical change in the battery and has conductivity. For example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or those obtained by surface-treating the surface of aluminum or stainless steel with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used. Further, the positive electrode current collector can usually have a thickness of 3 μm to 500 μm, and fine irregularities can also be formed on the surface of the current collector to enhance the adhesive force of the positive electrode active material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous bodies, foams, non-woven fabrics, etc. The conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, it can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not induce a chemical change and has electron conductivity. Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon-based substances such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. The conductive material can be contained in an amount of 1% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.

[0026] The above binder plays a role in improving the adhesion between the positive electrode active material particles and the adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the current collector. Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. The above binder may be contained in an amount of 1% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.

[0027] As the solvent used in the production of the positive electrode composite material, those commonly used in the art can be used. For example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or water can be used alone or in combination. The amount of the above solvent used can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the coating thickness of the slurry, production yield, viscosity, and the like.

[0028] According to a fourth embodiment, The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material with improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte supported between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, The above positive electrode active material is characterized in that an orientation is formed by firing a density gradient type precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles formed by the aggregation of primary particles.

[0029] In the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, the negative electrode, like the positive electrode, can be manufactured by directly coating the negative electrode active material on a copper current collector or casting it on another support and laminating the negative electrode active material film peeled from this support on the copper current collector. As the negative electrode active material, a material capable of intercalating / deintercalating lithium can be used. For example, it can include lithium metal, lithium alloy, coke, artificial graphite, natural graphite, combustion product of organic polymer compound, carbon fiber, etc. Note that the conductive material and the binder can be used in the same manner as in the case of the above-mentioned positive electrode.

[0030] In the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, as the separator, any separator that is usually used in a lithium secondary battery can be used. As an example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or a multilayer film of two or more layers thereof can be mentioned, and a mixed multilayer film such as a two-layer separator made of polyethylene / polypropylene, a three-layer separator made of polyethylene / polypropylene / polyethylene, or a three-layer separator made of polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene can be used. As the electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a known solid electrolyte, etc. can be used, and one in which a lithium salt is dissolved is used. The solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited, but includes cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, γ-butyrolactone; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dioxane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as dimethylformamide, etc. These can be used alone or in combination.

[0031] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and experimental examples. However, the following examples and experimental examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited by the following examples and experimental examples.

Example

[0032] <Example> Example 1. Production of a cathode active material for a lithium battery having an alignment structure (1) Water was charged into a 100 L batch reactor at 15% of the total volume of the reactor, and xylitol was charged at 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water. While stirring at a speed of 400 rpm, the internal temperature was set to 30 - 50 °C, and nitrogen gas was introduced into the reaction tank to adjust it to an inert atmosphere. Next, an aqueous metal sulfate solution with a concentration of 2.5 M, in which nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate were mixed at a molar ratio of 0.8:0.1:0.1, 25% sodium hydroxide, and 28% aqueous ammonia were prepared. The flow rate of the aqueous metal sulfate solution was 3 L / hour, the flow rate of the aqueous ammonia was adjusted to a ratio of 0.04 with respect to the flow rate of the aqueous metal solution, and the dosage of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was adjusted so that the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the reactor was about 10.5 - 11.5. The reactants were charged so that the stirring speed was 400 rpm and the average residence time of the whole solution was 20 hours, the reaction temperature was maintained at 30 °C - 50 °C, and nitrogen gas was introduced to maintain an inert atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the obtained solution was washed with water and subjected to solid-liquid separation using a filter press, and the residual moisture was removed using high-pressure fresh air. The solid-liquid separated active material was dried at 100 °C - 200 °C using a fluidized bed dryer.

[0033] Lithium hydroxide was mixed with the hydroxide particles obtained above so that the equivalent ratio with the above hydroxide was 1.05. After that, it was heated at a heating rate of 2.5 °C / min in an oxygen atmosphere, and then calcined at 780 °C for 9 hours to produce a lithium composite metal oxide having a uniform orientation structure.

[0034] Example 2. Production of a cathode active material for a lithium battery having an alignment structure (2) 15% water was put into a 100 L batch reactor, and while stirring at a speed of 400 rpm, the internal temperature was set to 30 - 50 °C. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the reaction tank to adjust it to an inert atmosphere. An aqueous metal sulfate solution with a concentration of 2.5 M, in which nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate were mixed at a molar ratio of 0.8:0.1:0.1, 25% sodium hydroxide, and 28% aqueous ammonia were prepared. The flow rate of the aqueous metal sulfate solution was 3 L / hour. The flow rate of the aqueous ammonia was adjusted to a ratio of 0.04 with respect to the flow rate of the aqueous metal solution. The dosage of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was adjusted so that the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the reactor was about 10.5 - 11.5. At this time, xylitol was introduced into the reactor at 0.1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the transition metal. The reactants were introduced so that the stirring speed was 400 rpm and the average residence time of the whole solution was 20 hours. The reaction temperature was maintained at 30 °C - 50 °C, and nitrogen gas was introduced to maintain an inert atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the obtained solution was washed with water and subjected to solid-liquid separation using a filter press, and the residual moisture was removed using high-pressure fresh air. The solid-liquid separated active material was dried at 100 - 200 °C using a fluidized bed dryer.

[0035] Lithium hydroxide was mixed with the hydroxide particles obtained above so that the equivalent ratio with the above hydroxide was 1.05. After that, it was heated at a heating rate of 2.5 °C / min under an oxygen atmosphere, and then calcined at 780 °C for 9 hours to produce a lithium composite metal oxide having a uniform orientation structure.

[0036] Comparative Example 1. Production of a cathode active material for a lithium battery 15% water was put into a 100 L batch reactor, and while stirring at a stirring speed of 400 rpm, the internal temperature was set to 30 - 50 °C. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the reaction tank to adjust to an inert atmosphere. A 2.5 M metal sulfate aqueous solution in which nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and manganese sulfate were mixed at a molar ratio of 0.8:0.1:0.1, 25% sodium hydroxide, and 28% aqueous ammonia were prepared. The flow rate of the metal sulfate aqueous solution was 3 L / hour, the flow rate of the aqueous ammonia was adjusted to a ratio of 0.04 with respect to the flow rate of the metal aqueous solution, and the dosage of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was adjusted so that the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the reactor was about 10.5 - 11.5. The reactants were introduced at a stirring speed of 400 rpm and an average residence time of the whole solution of 20 hours. The reaction temperature was maintained at 30 °C - 50 °C, and nitrogen gas was introduced to maintain an inert atmosphere. After the reaction, the obtained solution was washed with water and subjected to solid-liquid separation using a filter press, and the residual moisture was removed using high-pressure fresh air. The solid-liquid separated active material was dried at 100 - 200 °C using a fluidized bed dryer.

[0037] To the hydroxide particles obtained above, lithium hydroxide was mixed so that the equivalent ratio with the above hydroxide was 1.05, then heated at a heating rate of 2.5 °C / min under an oxygen atmosphere, and then calcined at 780 °C for 9 hours to produce a lithium composite metal oxide having a uniform orientation structure.

[0038] <Experimental Example> Experimental Example 1. Analysis of the particle cross-section of a cathode active material for a lithium battery having an alignment structure and evaluation of a coin cell As shown in Figure 7, it was confirmed that the cathode active materials of Example 1 and 2 having orientation can significantly improve the life characteristics and capacity characteristics compared to Comparative Example 1 having no orientation.

[0039] The description has been centered around the embodiments. A person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains will be able to understand that the present invention can be implemented with modifications without departing from the essential gist of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered from an illustrative perspective rather than a limiting one. The scope of the present invention is shown not in the above description but in the appended claims, and all differences within the equivalent scope should be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A positive electrode active material having improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics, in which secondary particles are formed from aggregates of primary particles, and the secondary particles have orientation from the inside to the outside of the secondary particles.

2. 2. The cathode active material according to claim 1, wherein the cathode active material is oriented by firing a density gradient precursor in which the density of the secondary particles formed of an aggregate of the primary particles gradually changes from the inside of the secondary particles to the outside of the secondary particles.

3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the primary particles have a plate-like, needle-like, or amorphous particle shape.

4. The specific surface area of ​​the secondary particles is 1 to 30 m ２ / g, and the average particle size of the secondary particles (D ５０ 2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first electrode is 2 to 20 μm.

5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material is a lithium-nickel composite oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. [Chemical formula 1] Li ｘ [Ni ｙ Co ｚ Mn ｗ M ｖ ]O ２ (In the formula, M is one or more selected from Ba, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, and Mo, and 0.9<x<1.2, 0.8<y<1, 0<z<0.8, 0<w<0.05, and 0≦v≦0.2.)

6. A method for producing a positive electrode active material having improved capacity characteristics and life characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: (A) preparing a mixed aqueous metal salt solution containing a nickel-containing substance, a cobalt-containing substance, and a manganese-containing substance; (B) introducing the reaction solution containing the mixed aqueous solution of metal salts and a complex ion forming agent into a reactor; (C) adjusting the pH of the reaction solution by introducing a pH adjusting agent into the reaction solution in an inert atmosphere; (D) filtering the reaction solution to obtain a metal composite hydroxide; (E) mixing the metal composite hydroxide and a lithium raw material to produce a positive electrode active material precursor; and (F) calcining the positive electrode active material precursor; Including, The above step (A), step (B) or step (C) further comprises a step of adding a particle shape regulator; The positive electrode active material is characterized in that the orientation is formed by firing a density gradient precursor in which the density gradually changes from the inside of the secondary particles to the outside of the secondary particles, the secondary particles being formed of an aggregate of the primary particles.

7. The method for producing a positive electrode active material having improved capacity and life characteristics according to claim 6 , wherein the particle shape regulator is a sugar or a sugar alcohol.

8. 8. The method for producing a positive electrode active material having improved capacity and life characteristics according to claim 7, wherein the sugar or the sugar alcohol is xylitol, mannitol, isomalt, sorbitol, maltitol, refined white sugar, lactose, inositol, erythritol, crystalline fructose, trehalose, ribitol, arabitol, galactitol, lactitol, maltotritol, or a combination thereof.

9. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the calcination step (F) is performed at a temperature of 600 to 1000° C. for 5 to 30 hours.

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