System and method utilizing removable defibrillator cartridge

Abstract

To provide an automatic external defibrillator having a removably connected defibrillator cartridge with usage state memory.SOLUTION: An automatic external defibrillator (AED) 104 receives a signal that identifies a cartridge 102 removably coupled to a cavity of the AED, the cartridge comprising electrode pads 110, a battery 108, and a memory 114, analyzes that a signature communicated by the signal matches a value stored in the memory of the AED, the signature being utilized to identify that the cartridge is unused, and in response to analyzing the signature, controls a display so that lighting of a part of the display of the AED is switched to lighting of a symbolic indicator to deliver an electric shock to a patient 106.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 615,461, filed on December 28, 2023, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Background Art

[0002] Medical devices, as an example, are configured to utilize complex technologies to monitor and / or treat patients. Depending on various situations, medical devices are operated automatically, manually, or a combination thereof. In some examples, a medical device is an automated external defibrillator (AED) equipped with electrode pads. For example, by attaching the electrode pads of an AED to a patient, the electrical activity of the patient can be identified. In such situations or other situations, by analyzing the electrical activity of the patient, automatic determination of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and defibrillation treatment are performed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Various implementations described in this specification relate to a disposable medical device cartridge that includes a disposable accessory for a medical device and is capable of storing and communicating data indicating the usage status of the cartridge (referred to as "usage status data" in this specification). With such a configuration, it is considered possible to prevent a cartridge with an expired expiration date and / or a cartridge that has been used in the past from being used in a medical device. The various cartridges described in this specification improve the immediate usability of a medical device by enabling the medical device to detect whether an attached accessory should be replaced before use.

[0011] Medical devices such as automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are installed, maintained, or used in various types of environments over various periods of time. The ease of operation, reliability, understandability, and convenience of AEDs are extremely important for providing prompt treatment to patients in an emergency. Since AEDs are stored in various locations, maintained according to various types of schedules, procedures, and guidelines, and used in unforeseen, unpredictable, and unexpected situations, it is considered extremely important that the accessories, each part, and / or each component of the AED are guaranteed to be in a fully operable state. However, it is difficult to keep the accessories of AEDs, which are often stored for long periods (e.g., several months or years), in a state where they can be surely used in an emergency.

[0012] In certain situations, an AED uses disposable accessories to perform its functions (e.g., monitoring function or treatment function). However, if the AED is connected to a disposable accessory whose expiration date has passed or that has already been used in the past, the AED may not be able to safely perform its function. Therefore, it is desirable for the AED to be able to detect whether the accessory is immediately available for use.

[0013] The various implementations described herein address the above and other problems by providing a cartridge storing an accessory device that is improved to be immediately usable with an external device such as a medical device (e.g., an AED). For example, the cartridge can store and output usage data, which may indicate whether accessory devices (e.g., batteries, electrode pads, disposable sensors, etc.) attached to the cartridge have been used in the past. In some cases, the cartridge is configured to be removably connectable to an AED. For example, when the cartridge is connected to the AED, the circuitry within the cartridge is electrically connected to the circuitry within the AED. For example, through this connection, data can be output from the cartridge to the AED. This data may indicate, for example, the immediate usability of the cartridge, such as whether the cartridge has been used in the past and whether the expiration date of the accessory devices within the cartridge has passed. The AED may determine whether the cartridge should be replaced before use based on this data. In various situations where the cartridge is not ready for use, the AED may send an alert to the external device requesting replacement of the cartridge. In some examples, the AED visually and / or audibly indicates that the expiration date of the cartridge has passed. In response, by attaching a new cartridge to the AED, one may be prepared for use in case of a sudden medical emergency.

[0014] Implementations of the present disclosure relate to improvements in the technical field of medical devices (e.g., AEDs). In a specific example according to the prior art, a used pair of electrode pads may remain stored in the AED. The AED cannot report that the electrode pads should be replaced if it cannot identify that the electrode pads have been used in the past. In the event of a medical emergency where a person nearby collapses due to cardiac arrest, a person present there may attempt to operate the AED using a pair of electrode pads that have been used in the past. However, it is considered that a pair of electrode pads that have been used in the past cannot be safely used on the collapsed person. For example, the adhesive on the surface of a used pair of electrode pads may have completely dried out, and it may not be possible to attach the electrode pads to the person's chest skin. As a result, the electrode pads may have an insufficient electrical connection to the person. Therefore, the AED may not be able to accurately detect the person's electrocardiogram (ECG), and there is a possibility that it may not be able to detect whether the person has a shockable rhythm (e.g., ventricular fibrillation). Furthermore, if the electrical connection between the electrode pads and the person's chest is weak, it is considered that the AED may not be able to deliver a sufficient amount of electrical shock from the AED to stop the person's fibrillation. Such operational problems related to the AED can have a serious impact on the person's health. In contrast, the cartridge described in this specification can address this problem by transmitting information regarding the past use of the electrode pads to the AED. Before a medical emergency occurs, the AED can notify whether the cartridge should be replaced, whereby the maintenance manager can replace the cartridge. Therefore, with the implementation of the present disclosure, it is possible to ensure that the electrode pads housed in the AED are definitely unused and can be immediately used for monitoring and treating the person in the event of a medical emergency.

[0015] Various examples will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 shows an example of an environment 100 in which a cartridge 102 can be removably connected to an automated external defibrillator (AED) 104 used to monitor the condition of a patient 106 and perform treatment.

[0017] In various implementations, an example of the environment 100 is outside the clinical setting. For example, the patient 106 may encounter a medical emergency outside the clinical setting (e.g., a hospital). As a specific example, the patient 106 may be a patient who suddenly collapses in a public area such as a school, an airport terminal, or an office building.

[0018] In some cases, the patient 106 is a patient who has suffered a sudden cardiac arrest. For example, the patient 106 may be a patient who has developed an arrhythmia that prevents blood from being effectively pumped from the patient 106's heart to the rest of the body. Examples of such arrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). As a result of the lack of oxygen-rich blood flow throughout the patient 106's body, there is a possibility that eventually hypoxic damage will occur in various tissues throughout the patient 106's body. In certain cases, the lack of blood flow continuing may cause damage to the patient 106's brain and other vital organs necessary for the maintenance of life.

[0019] To avoid a serious and permanent disability in patient 106, AED 104 may be configured to monitor the condition of patient 106 and / or perform procedures for monitoring and / or treating a medical emergency occurring in patient 106. For example, AED 104 is configured to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) of patient 106. The ECG is analyzed by AED 104. In some examples, if AED 104 detects that an electroshockable arrhythmia (e.g., ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)) is indicated by the ECG, AED 104 may recommend treating patient 106 with an electric shock. In some examples, AED 104 may output a notification and / or instruction for recommending treatment by electric shock. In such an example or another example, AED 104 automatically prepares and discharges an electric shock in response to detection of an electroshockable arrhythmia.

[0020] Cartridge 102 includes one or more devices utilized by AED 104 for monitoring and / or treating patient 106. In some cases, cartridge 102 includes a power source 108 (i.e., a “power supply device”), such as a battery, configured to supply power to AED 104. In some cases, cartridge 102 includes a processor (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other type of processor) configured to perform one or more functions of cartridge 102 as described herein. In some examples, cartridge 102 includes one or more accessory devices. For example, cartridge 102 includes a pair of electrode pads 110 configured to be connected to patient 106 during use of AED 104. For example, AED 104 is configured to detect the ECG of patient 106 using the accessory device. In some cases, AED 104 is further configured to discharge an electric shock via electrode pads 110.

[0021] Other types of accessory devices may be stored in the cartridge 102. Examples of accessory devices include, for example, electrode pads, physiological sensors (such as blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximeters, capnography sensors, pulse sensors, etc.), pumps configured to administer drugs subcutaneously or intravenously, bands configured to perform chest compressions, plungers configured to perform chest compressions, accelerometers, pressure sensors, chest compression detectors, or any combination thereof. Depending on various situations, the accessory device may be for single-use and / or disposable. For example, when using the accessory device for monitoring and / or treating multiple patients, the accessory device may not function properly.

[0022] In various implementations, the cartridge 102 is physically and electrically connected to the AED 104. Depending on various situations, when the cartridge 102 is physically connected to the AED 104, the circuit in the cartridge 102 is electrically connected to the circuit in the AED 104. For example, when the cartridge 102 is attached to the AED 104, the battery and / or accessory device in the cartridge 102 is physically and electrically connected to the AED 104. The cartridge 102 may be removable from the AED 104 so that the cartridge 102 can be replaced (for example, with another cartridge).

[0023] In some cases, the cartridge 102 includes one or more components (e.g., one or more auxiliary devices). Examples of such components include the above-described accessory devices and / or additional elements. For example, components (e.g., auxiliary devices) of the cartridge 102 include electrode pads (e.g., electrode pad 110), one or more power supply devices (e.g., battery 108), one or more processors (e.g., ASIC), one or more sensors, one or more visual indicator devices, one or more converters (e.g., one or more digital - analog converters (DAC)), one or more speakers, one or more microphones, one or more user interfaces (UI), one or more mechanisms (e.g., one or more user input mechanisms) (e.g., one or more buttons, one or more switches, one or more sliders, one or more knobs, one or more other types of mechanisms, or any combination thereof), various other types of auxiliary devices, or any combination thereof.

[0024] According to some examples, the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 are stored outside the clinical site. Therefore, the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 may be used to provide rapid treatment to the patient 106 before the patient 106 is transported to the clinical site (e.g., a hospital).

[0025] To treat the patient 106 outside the clinical site, the AED 104 and the cartridge 102 are configured to be usable by a bystander who has not received medical training. In various examples, the AED 104 is operated by the user 112. For example, the user 112 is an untrained user. In some cases, the user 112 may be a person who has accidentally happened to be on the spot when the patient 106 encounters a medical emergency outside the clinical site. In some cases, the user 112 takes out the AED 104 (e.g., the AED 104 connected to the cartridge 102) from one or more cabinets or one or more other storage mechanisms installed outside the clinical site and brings it to the side of the patient 106. According to some examples, the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 are portable.

[0026] The AED 104 provides instructions for operating the AED 104 to the user 112, for example. Thereby, the user 112 can perform complex procedures on the patient 106 using the AED 104 without specialized medical care knowledge or experience. In some cases, instructions are provided by the AED 104 in a specific order and / or timing. The order and / or timing of these instructions may be triggered, for example, by a detected condition in the patient 106. In some cases, the order and / or timing of the instructions is triggered by the operation of the AED 104 by the user 112. According to various examples, the AED 104 outputs (e.g., transmits and / or visually / audiably outputs) data and / or instructions (e.g., transmitted instructions and / or visual instructions and / or audible instructions) guiding the use of the AED 104 to the user 112.

[0027] In various implementations, the cartridge 102 includes a memory 114 used for storing cartridge data 116 related to the cartridge 102. In various implementations, the memory 114 stores various types of data related to the cartridge 102. For example, the cartridge data 116 includes usage status data 118 indicating whether attached devices or other components stored in the cartridge 102 have been used in the past. In some cases, the cartridge data 116 includes an identifier of the cartridge 102, for example, a model number, a manufacturer name, or an identification number uniquely related to the cartridge 102. The cartridge data 116 can also include other information. For example, the cartridge data 116 may include an expiration date of the cartridge 102.

[0028] In some cases, the cartridge 102 executes one or more operations on the cartridge data 116 stored in the memory 114. For example, the processor of the cartridge 102 may be configured to execute such operations. Examples of such operations include data creation, storage, modification, and communication. According to some examples, the cartridge 102 includes a circuit for detecting whether the attached devices (e.g., the electrode pads 110 and the battery 108) have been used in the past. In some examples, the cartridge 102 includes sensors configured to detect one or more characteristics associated with the electrode pads 110. For example, characteristics associated with the electrode pads 110 include whether the electrode pads 110 have been removed from the package in the past, whether the package disposed around the electrode pads 110 has been broken during storage, whether the backing of the adhesive disposed on the electrode pads 110 has been removed, or whether the electrode pads 110 have been subjected to an electric shock in the past. According to some examples, the cartridge 102 includes sensors configured to detect whether the charge level of the battery 108 is less than its threshold value. In various situations, the cartridge 102 is configured to record and / or modify usage data 118 in response to detecting that the battery 108 and / or the electrode pads 110 have been used.

[0029] In various implementations, the cartridge 102 is utilized to manage various types of data for various purposes at various times during the product life of the cartridge 102. Some types of data included in the cartridge data 116 and stored prior to use of the cartridge 102 include, for example, data that allows a user to confirm whether the cartridge 102 is the correct type of cartridge. In some cases, such data permanently stored for such purposes includes compatibility data such as the part number of the cartridge 102 or its components, an identifier of the type of AED compatible with the cartridge 102 (e.g., a product identifier, e.g., a product number associated with the AED), or other types of data.

[0030] In some examples, critically important data is provided from the cartridge data 116 to the AED 104, thereby enabling the user to easily and accurately confirm, when needed, whether the cartridge is charged (e.g., whether a fully charged power supply device is attached), whether the cartridge is in an unused state (e.g., whether the electrode pads are in an unused state), and in addition, whether the cartridge 102 is operating correctly. By utilizing the cartridge data 116, the AED 104 may confirm that the cartridge 102 is a verified cartridge, e.g., a cartridge having a verified product identifier, a verified manufacturer identifier, and / or other types of identifiers. Also, the AED 104 can determine, by utilizing the cartridge data 116, whether to display an indicator indicating that the cartridge 102 is ready for use, e.g., whether to display an indicator indicating that the cartridge is a newly charged one, whether to display an indicator indicating that the cartridge attached to the AED is not ready for use, and / or whether to display an indicator indicating that the cartridge attached to the AED may not be operating properly.

[0031] In these or other examples, by providing the user 112 with quickly and easily understandable information, the AED 104 can be used to provide medical treatment to a patient, and the user 112 can quickly determine whether it is ready for use or is unusable or not ready for some reason. Various types of indicators are available, for example, it can present warnings such as the cartridge is usable but cannot be verified. For example, if the cartridge does not have a verifiable product identifier and / or a verifiable manufacturer identifier, the user 112 may decide to use that AED if there are no other available AEDs or other medical devices. However, the user 112 may also be able to quickly and easily make a decision to use other verifiable devices (e.g., another verified AED) based on the indicator presented by the AED 104 using the cartridge data 116. In such a situation where the user 112 can obtain extremely important and accurate information, it may be possible for the user to succeed in treating the patient and saving the life.

[0032] In various examples, the cartridge data 116 includes data stored at the start of operation of the cartridge 102 and / or at the start of the product life. In some cases, the data stored at the start of the product life includes data within the cartridge data 116 and / or data within the usage status data 118. For example, the data stored in the usage status data 118 at the start of the product life includes data indicating that the cartridge 102 is new or unused. Depending on various situations, after the user 112 uses the cartridge 102, the data indicating that the cartridge 102 is new or unused is updated.

[0033] In some implementations, at the start of use of the cartridge 102 (e.g., at the start of use of the cartridge and / or any kind of operation), the AED 104 automatically updates the cartridge data 116 (e.g., sends one or more update signals to the cartridge 102). As another aspect, or in addition to the above, the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 automatically updates the cartridge data 116 during operation of the cartridge 102, e.g., at some point in time and / or during the execution of some process.

[0034] For example, based on the user 112 being in the immediate vicinity of the environment where the patient 106 is located, the AED 104 may be operated by the user 112. The user 112 may take the AED 104 out from the location where the AED is stored and / or installed. In some examples, the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 may utilize any kind of sensors (e.g., gyroscopes, accelerometers, touch sensors, etc.) to identify activities such as contacts and movements related to the activities of the cartridge 102, the AED 104, and / or the user 112, and / or other aspects. The cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 may update the cartridge data 116 based on the detected activities related to the sensors of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 and / or any sensor data (e.g., perform one or more update operations on the usage status data 118 and / or other data within the cartridge data 116).

[0035] User 112 makes one or more selections via input by the user to the AED 104 (e.g., User 112 may press a button), and / or pulls out the electrode pads 110 from the cartridge 102. Based on the movement (e.g., pulling out) of the electrode pads 110 related to the start of the operation of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED, the use of electricity by the cartridge 102 (e.g., use of the battery 108), the accurate application of one or more electrode pads 110 to the patient, and / or one or more other types of activities being detected (e.g., via sensors) by the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104, the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 may update the cartridge data 116 (e.g., perform one or more update operations on the usage status data 118 and / or other data within the cartridge data 116).

[0036] In these examples or other examples, after the operation of the AED 104 using the cartridge 102, for example, upon completion of any operation and / or process (e.g., after completion of the operation and / or process, or after cancellation of the operation and / or process), and / or after cancellation of all processes, the usage status data 118 and / or other data within the cartridge data 116 are automatically updated by the AED 104. In some cases, based on detection by the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 (e.g., via sensors), the time specified after the end of a threshold time without movement (e.g., pulling out) of the electrode pads 110 may be specified as the completion time. In these examples or other examples, the time specified after the end of a threshold time without use of electricity (e.g., the battery 108) by the cartridge 102 may be specified as the completion time. In these examples or other examples, the time specified after the end of a threshold time without one or more other activities related to the operation of the AED 104 using the cartridge 102, the operation of the cartridge 102, and / or the operation of the AED 104 may be specified as the completion time.

[0037] In various examples, the AED 104 may determine the end of use based on one or more electrode pads 110 being properly attached to a patient. In another or additional example, the AED 104 determines the end of use based on data related to the patient 106 being detected (e.g., data detected via the electrode pads 110). In another or additional example, the AED 104 determines the end of use based on an electrical shock delivered to the patient 106 (e.g., an electrical shock delivered via the electrode pads 110). In another or additional example, the AED 104 determines the end of use based on the charge level of the battery 108 falling below a threshold. In another or additional example, the AED 104 determines the end of use based on one or more identifiers indicating the patient's activity (e.g., physiological data) (e.g., an identifier of the patient's condition) being shown to be normal and / or the medical emergency having ended due to successful treatment of the patient 106. In another or additional example, the AED 104 determines the end of use based on one or more other aspects of treatment related to the cartridge 102, the AED 104, and / or the patient 106 or any combination thereof being completed. In various situations, the cartridge data 116 may be updated based on any of the aspects related to the cartridge 102, the AED 104, and / or the patient 106 being completed (e.g., one or more update operations may be performed on the cartridge data 116).

[0038] When the cartridge 102 is used for storing various types of data at various times, some parts of the cartridge data 116 (e.g., one or more hardware parts and / or one or more software subsets) can be operated. In various examples, the operation of other parts of the cartridge data 116 (e.g., one or more other hardware parts and / or one or more other software subsets) is not enabled. In various examples, the cartridge 102 can be used optimally and safely according to various subsets of the cartridge data 116 and / or various rules, performances, and / or limitations related to various types. In some cases, one or more subsets of the cartridge data 116 are pre-stored in the cartridge 102 during the manufacture of the cartridge 102. For example, by using any of the pre-stored subsets of the cartridge data, the first use of the cartridge 102 can be enabled. For example, the pre-stored subset of the cartridge data is stored in the cartridge 102 by the user's hand when performing various processes before using the cartridge 102. In such an example or another example, the pre-stored subset of the cartridge data is stored in the memory 114.

[0039] In various examples, a subset of the cartridge data 116 pre-stored in the cartridge 102 includes a partial set of the cartridge data 116. In some cases, the pre-stored partial set has or has not changed at the end of the life of the cartridge 102. For example, if the total amount of the pre-stored partial set of the cartridge data has not changed at the end of the life of the cartridge 102, this partial set includes data that cannot be permanently changed (e.g., data wired to the cartridge 102 and / or data stored and / or managed with read-only permissions). In some examples, either the hardware and / or software of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 may be used to prevent a subset of the cartridge data 116, which is managed as unchangeable data, from being changed.

[0040] In various situations, examples of data managed in a different way from the usage data 118 in the cartridge data 116 as unchangeable data can be given. By managing the unchangeable data in a different way from the usage data 118, the cartridge 102 can maintain and / or manage the usage data 118 with high reliability.

[0041] In some implementations, a subset of the component data stored as immutable data is particularly important for the operation of the cartridge 102. In some cases, the subset of the component data stored as immutable data may include one or more groups of identifier data, one or more groups of date data, one or more groups of various other types of component data, or any combination thereof. The identifier data and the date data each include one or more identifiers and one or more dates related to the accessories of the cartridge 102, including, for example, the identifiers and dates described in more detail below. In some examples, one or more signatures within the cartridge data that may identify the cartridge 102 and identify the accessories of the cartridge 102 may be included as immutable data. For example, this signature identifies the electrode pads 110 and / or the battery 108.

[0042] In some examples, one or more permissions (e.g., read-only permissions) are used to control the access rights and / or modification rights related to a partial set of the cartridge data 116. By restricting the operations of the cartridge 102 that can be used to modify a partial set of the cartridge data 116, the partial set of the cartridge data 116 can be protected. By protecting the partial set of the cartridge data 116, the cartridge 102 can be protected from unwanted tampering, unexpected changes, and / or accidental operations, and the cartridge 102 can be verified as a cartridge of the correct type, a compatible cartridge, or a cartridge that meets one or more criteria related to production, manufacturing, design, maintenance, etc. By ensuring that important data has not been changed and / or tampered with, the likelihood of the medical treatment of the patient 106 by the user 112 being successfully completed can be improved.

[0043] In various examples, the cartridge data 116 includes one or more subsets of component data (e.g., data related to the cartridge 102, electrode pads 110, battery 108, other components (e.g., other auxiliary devices or hardware of the cartridge 102), or any combination thereof). For example, each subset of component data is stored as non-modifiable data. In these or other examples, the cartridge 102 is designed to include hardware and / or software that prevents modification of the component data. In these or other examples, the hardware and / or software that prevents modification of the component data is used to ensure that the non-modifiable component data is not modified, limit modifications to the non-modifiable component data, make the non-modifiable component data unmodifiable, or any combination thereof.

[0044] According to various implementations, the cartridge 102 is configured to perform additional operations based on the cartridge data 116. In some cases, the cartridge 102 is configured to output a communication signal to the AED 104 based on the usage data 118 and / or other data within the cartridge data 116. For example, the cartridge 102 may output a signal to the AED 104 indicating that the cartridge 102 is unused and ready for operation, or a signal indicating that the cartridge 102 has been used in the past and is not ready for operation, depending on the usage data 118. In some examples, the cartridge 102 outputs an instruction to replace the cartridge 102 if it is determined that the cartridge 102 has been used in the past.

[0045] In some cases, the AED 104 is configured to transmit a communication signal based on a signal from the cartridge 102 to one or more external devices 120 via one or more communication networks 122 or the like. For example, the AED 104 may wirelessly transmit an instruction to replace the cartridge 102. In various implementations, the AED 104 is utilized to exchange one or more communications with an external device 120 (e.g., an external device used by one or more users) (e.g., for management, automation, control, etc., or any combination thereof). Examples of users include one or more users of various types, such as facility staff, maintenance managers, medical staff, various other types of personnel, or any combination thereof. In some examples, as will be described in more detail below, the AED 104 transmits a subset of the cartridge data 116 to the external device 120 at the start of operation, and / or at the start of product life and / or use, during operation, and / or at the end of operation. In these or other examples, the AED 104 further transmits an identifier of the AED 104, such as the location of the AED 104 or an alphanumeric identification code uniquely associated with the AED 104. Thus, if the external device 120 is connected to a plurality of devices including the AED 104 via communication, the external device 120 may be able to identify an AED 104 connected to an inappropriate cartridge. In some cases, the external device 120 outputs a notification to a maintenance manager (not shown). Upon receiving the notification, the AED 104 may prompt the maintenance manager to physically remove the expired cartridge from the AED 104 and replace it with a new cartridge. Depending on various situations, one or more cartridges may be replaced before a medical emergency as shown in FIG. 1 occurs so that the user 112 can quickly operate the AED 104 equipped with the cartridge 102 in response to a medical emergency suddenly occurring to the patient 106.

[0046] In some examples, the AED 104 outputs a signal to the user 112 based on a signal received from the cartridge 102. For example, the AED 104 may output an instruction to replace the cartridge 102 or a notification that the cartridge 102 is ready for use via a user interface. Since the battery 108 is fully charged and the AED 104 equipped with the electrode pads 110 is verified to be fully functional, there is a very high possibility that the user 112 can successfully perform a medical treatment on the patient 106 using the AED 104. Since the AED 104 and the cartridge 102 have such beneficial functionality, in some situations, the possibility of the medical treatment of the patient 106 by the user 112 being successful increases, and / or the possibility of saving the life of the patient 106 also increases.

[0047] In some examples, various types of extremely important data can be obtained from the AED 104 via the cartridge data 116. For example, the user 112 can obtain various types of extremely important data such as whether the battery 108 is fully charged and / or whether the electrode pads 110 are new and / or unused. Such information is extremely important, and without providing such information to the user 112, various serious consequences may result. For example, if the user 112 cannot know the charge level of the battery 108 or if the battery 108 is dead, even if the AED 104 is used, the patient 106 cannot be properly treated, and there is a possibility that the patient 106 who did not receive proper treatment may die. For example, if the electrode pads 110 have already been used in the past, this electrode pad cannot be effectively attached to the patient 106, and it is considered that the AED 104 cannot accurately detect the ECG of the patient 106 or give an appropriate electric shock. The implementation of the present disclosure can be used to prevent such potential problems.

[0048] The cartridge 102 manages the cartridge data 116, and since the cartridge data 116 is reported, the user 112 can confirm that the cartridge 102 is fully operational and can achieve treatment success before starting the treatment of the patient 106. In contrast to prior art AEDs without a removable cartridge that stores cartridge data including usage data 118, the user 112 can safely, promptly, surely, and confidently respond to a medical emergency by using the AED 104 equipped with the cartridge 102.

[0049] In some examples, the usage data 118 improves the proper use of the AED 104. For example, the user 112 obtains information indicating that they are ready to operate the AED 104 based on the battery 108 being fully charged and the electrode pads 110 being new. In some cases, the user 112 who obtains information indicating that they are ready to operate the AED 104 can confidently treat the patient 106 using the AED 104. In some cases, the usage data 118 is utilized to report to the user 112 that the AED 104 is immediately operable, for example, by lighting a ready indicator based on the battery 108 being fully charged and the electrode pads 110 being new. In some cases, since the AED 104 utilizes the usage data 118 to report to the user 112 that the AED 104 is immediately operable, the treatment of the patient 106 can be successful, and thus it becomes possible to save the life of the patient 106.

[0050] In various situations, the communication performed by the AED 104 (e.g., transmission via a transceiver) includes the transmission of a subset of the cartridge data 116 from the AED 104 to the external device 120 in various ways. For example, a subset of the cartridge data 116 is transmitted to the external device 120 using one or more identifiers. Examples of identifiers include one or more pre-stored identifiers, one or more identifiers set by the user, one or more identifiers of other types, or any combination thereof.

[0051] The user receives notifications of one or more aspects and / or states related to the cartridge 102, its internal components, the AED 104, and / or its internal components by performing automatic communication using the AED 104. For example, the states for receiving notifications include one or more updates, one or more changes, one or more warnings, one or more end-of-service life, one or more alerts, and / or one or more other types of states. In some cases, by exchanging automatic communication, information related to the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 can be distributed, and the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 can be inspected, maintained, tracked, inventory managed, scanned, etc. in a method via remote operation, a predictable method, a method with a scheduled date, and / or a reliable method.

[0052] In various examples, the AED 104 outputs (e.g., transmits and / or presents) notifications of at least one usage status data at various times based on at least one communication from the cartridge 102. In some cases, the notifications of the usage status data include one or more corresponding alerts. For example, the AED 104 outputs an alert in response to the cartridge 102 indicating that at least one component of the cartridge 102 has been used in the past based on the usage status data 118.

[0053] For example, the AED 104 prepares a signature (e.g., a cartridge signature of the cartridge) in the cartridge data 116, stores the cartridge signature in the data of the AED 104, and identifies a usage value (or "usage status" or "status"). In some cases, the usage value is stored in the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 and is associated with the cartridge signature. In such cases or other cases, based on the usage value and via an identifier of the usage status, a notification of usage status data indicating that the cartridge 102 has been used "0" times and that the cartridge 102 is available is output (e.g., transmitted and / or visually / audibly output). For example, the notification of usage status data is transmitted and / or visually / audibly output to indicate a usage status identifier having a value of "0" by lighting one or more indicators. In some examples, the display of the AED 104 switches from lighting one or more other parts of the display (e.g., one or more other indicators) to lighting the usage status identifier. In various situations, the usage value stored in the AED 104 is managed according to and / or associated with the usage value stored in the cartridge 102.

[0054] As described above in the present disclosure, the AED 104 may output notifications of usage data in various ways (e.g., transmit and / or output visually / audibly), but is not limited to such a mode. In some examples, the AED 104 performs normal operations based on usage data 118 indicating that the cartridge 102 is new and / or that the auxiliary device within the cartridge 102 is new. In these examples or other examples, the AED 104 automatically continues to perform operations at various times based on usage data 118 indicating that the cartridge 102 is new and / or that the components within the cartridge 102 are new. In some cases, the AED 104 automatically continues to perform operations because issues / concerns regarding operability and / or safety are minimized in such situations. For example, when the cartridge 102 is new, the usage status value (or "initial value") (or "default value") pre-stored in the usage data 118 indicates a usage status of "0" times. In some examples, this usage status value is "0", new, another value indicating that the cartridge 102 is new and / or unused, or any combination thereof.

[0055] In some examples, one or more notifications are output to indicate that at least one part of the cartridge 102 and / or at least one part of the AED 104 is not compatible, that these parts are not satisfactory, or any combination thereof. For example, one or more notifications are transmitted by one or more transceivers, one or more notifications are displayed by one or more displays, one or more audible notifications are output by one or more speakers, one or more notifications are output by other output methods, or any combination thereof is performed.

[0056] In some cases, various types of incompatibilities are identified in the notification. For example, component and / or software incompatibilities are identified in a notification based on modifications, changes, and / or updates to component data that do not match pre-stored component data. In such cases or other cases, the output notification indicates the modifications, changes, and / or updates to component data that do not match the pre-stored component data. For example, the non-matching component data may be associated with one or more components that are different from the initial components.

[0057] In various situations, the identification of incompatible and / or insufficient parts via notifications and the like is automated. For example, various types of incompatibilities are identified based on state data that does not match the corresponding initial state data. In some cases, the state data is part of the cartridge data 116 and includes data indicating the existence of modifications, changes, and / or updates to the component data. In some cases, various types of incompatibilities are identified based on the state data and / or one or more serial numbers. For example, the serial numbers are included in the new component data associated with the cartridge 102 and / or the corresponding accessory device.

[0058] In some cases, the state data indicates that each serial number in the component data does not match the corresponding initial serial number (e.g., the corresponding valid serial number). In another or further case, various types of incompatibilities are identified via the state data. For example, the incompatibility is identified based on the fact that one or more dates in the component data related to the manufacture, shipment, approval, etc. of the cartridge and / or the corresponding accessory device do not match one or more corresponding initial dates related to the manufacture, shipment, approval, etc. of the cartridge 102 and / or the corresponding accessory device.

[0059] In some cases, problems are identified based on new part data indicating that the replacement cartridge inserted into the AED104 is the wrong type and / or is not compatible with the AED104. For example, using the status data, problems with the external device 120 are identified and reported via communication.

[0060] As previously described in this disclosure, the cartridge 102 may be removably connectable to the AED104 for various purposes, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In some examples, one or more different cartridges (e.g., new cartridges of a new type) are utilized by the AED104 in a manner similar to the cartridge 102, e.g., for the purpose of implementing any of the techniques described throughout this disclosure.

[0061] As previously described in this disclosure, various types of data that are extremely important for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED104 may be used, but are not limited to such an embodiment. In some examples, other types of data of relatively low importance are excluded from use in controlling the cartridge 102 (e.g., based on the configuration data). In such an example, this relatively low-importance type of data may be used, for example, to notify the user that a part of the cartridge, such as an indicator that lights up as light to facilitate the operation and / or location of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED104, has expired and / or is malfunctioning.

[0062] As previously described in this disclosure, the cartridge data 116 may include various types of status data, but is not limited to such a manner. In some examples, the status data includes one or more airtight states related to whether the cartridge is airtight. In such examples or other examples, the cartridge 102 is provided with one or more sensors, for example, a vacuum sensor, an air pressure sensor, an air volume sensor, an air quality sensor (for example, a sensor for measuring the concentration of various gases), other types of air sensors, other types of sensors, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the sensor identifies (for example, detects) one or more reference values (for example, one or more reference values of air pressure and / or one or more other reference values / measurement values related to the characteristics inside the cartridge 102). For example, as the reference value of air pressure, an initial air pressure value detected at the first startup of the cartridge 102, one or more threshold values, one or more other values of various types, or any combination thereof can be mentioned.

[0063] In various examples, the cartridge 102 uses a sensor to identify (for example, detect) one or more measurement values and / or one or more values. Examples of such measurement values / values include, for example, one or more air pressure values and / or one or more other measurement values / values related to the characteristics inside the cartridge 102. In these examples or other examples, the cartridge 102 identifies one or more status values of the status data based on one or more corresponding comparisons of whether the detected value matches the reference value and / or the difference from the reference value is within the threshold. For example, the status value may indicate whether the detected air pressure value matches the reference value of air pressure and / or the difference from the reference value of air pressure is within the threshold.

[0064] As described above in this disclosure, although the cartridge 102 may include various types of sensors, it is not limited to such a manner. In various examples, the cartridge 102 includes one or more sensors that are used to identify data related to the accessory of the cartridge 102. For example, the cartridge 102 includes one or more pressure sensors, one or more electromagnetic sensors, one or more magnetic sensors, one or more optical sensors (e.g., one or more infrared sensors, one or more visible light sensors, one or more optical sensors of some kind), one or more motion sensors related to parts and / or portions of the frame and / or housing of the cartridge 102, and / or one or more sensors of other types. In various examples, examples of the sensors include one or more battery characteristic sensors. For example, examples of the battery characteristic sensors include one or more voltage sensors, current sensors, and / or state of charge sensors, other sensors related to the battery, or any combination thereof.

[0065] In some examples, the cartridge 102 uses sensors to obtain data related to the electrode pads 110. For example, the user 112 obtains data indicating that the user has accessed (e.g., contacted, opened, moved, etc.) a part of the frame and / or housing of the cartridge and / or the electrode pads 110. In these examples or other examples, the cartridge 102 uses sensors to obtain data related to the battery 108. For example, the user 112 obtains data indicating that the user has accessed (e.g., contacted, opened, moved, etc.) a part of the frame and / or housing of the cartridge and / or the battery 108, and / or data indicating whether the charge level of the battery 108 has changed, or any combination thereof.

[0066] As described above in the present disclosure, the component data may include, but is not limited to, identifier data, date data, various other types of component data, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the component data includes characteristic data related to the cartridge 102 and / or the auxiliary devices therein. In various situations, any subset of the characteristic data is related to a partially modified cartridge 102 and / or AED 104, and / or a partially modified auxiliary device within the cartridge 102 and / or AED 104. In such cases or other cases, any subset of the characteristic data is related to a cartridge 102 and / or AED 104 that has been modified, enhanced, extended, edited, or partially changed, and / or an auxiliary device within the cartridge 102 and / or AED 104 that has been modified, enhanced, extended, edited, or partially changed. In such cases or other cases, any subset of the characteristic data is based on a change in the auxiliary device (e.g., replacement of the cartridge 102, electrode pads 110, and / or battery 108, and / or other auxiliary devices). In such cases or other cases, any subset of the characteristic data is utilized in a manner similar to the cartridge data 116 for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein. In some cases, the characteristics are related to and / or utilized in the identification of detected values (e.g., detected air pressure values) and / or measured values.

[0067] As previously described in this disclosure, the AED 104 may be configured to communicate with the external device 120, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In various situations, communication is performed at one or more various times based on one or more various types of occurrences. For example, communication is performed when the cartridge 102 and / or the secondary device is moved / replaced. In some cases, the AED 104 includes a transceiver, a reader, etc. that are available for storing the cartridge data 116 and / or for communicating with the external device 120. For example, the AED 104 includes one or more arbitrary types of devices such as a Universal Product Code (UPC), a QR (quick response) code, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag device (e.g., a transceiver), a Near Field Communication (NFC) device (e.g., a transceiver), etc.

[0068] As previously described in this disclosure, the cartridge 102 may be configured to perform any of various operations based on the fact that the cartridge 102 has been used in the past, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In some cases, the cartridge 102 includes a circuit that automatically shuts off the electrical signal between the accessories or components within the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 in response to the determination that the cartridge 102 has been used in the past. For example, since the cartridge 102 has been used in the past, the cartridge 102 may prevent the AED 104 from receiving a signal indicating the patient 106's ECG from the electrode pads 110. For example, as another aspect, or in addition to the above, since the cartridge 102 has been used in the past, the cartridge 102 may prevent an electrical shock from being discharged from the electrode pads 110 to the patient 106. For example, as another aspect, or in addition to the above, since the cartridge 102 has been used in the past, the cartridge 102 may prevent electrical energy from being supplied from the battery 108 to the AED 104.

[0069] As described above in the present disclosure, the cartridge data may include unmodifiable data, but is not limited to such a mode. In various examples, the cartridge data 116 includes restricted data. For example, one or more subsets of the unmodifiable data of the cartridge data 116 and / or other subsets include data that is restricted from communicating with devices other than the AED 104. By restricting the communication (e.g., transmission) of the restricted data, the safety of the AED 104 and / or the cartridge 102 is improved.

[0070] In some cases, the restricted data includes data unique to the cartridge 102. For example, the restricted data includes an identifier unique to the cartridge 102, and / or one or more portions of the cartridge data 116 that are not communicable for maintaining the confidentiality of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104, and / or one or more portions of the cartridge data 110 that are unusable and / or not intended for one or more users of the external device 120. In some cases, the restricted data includes fully restricted data whose transfer to other external devices is restricted.

[0071] As an example, the use of the AED 104 includes the use of the AED 104 installed in a library. For example, the patient 106 may be a visitor or registered user of the library who has fallen. In such an example, the user 112 may be another visitor or perhaps a librarian who witnessed the patient 106 falling, or another visitor or perhaps a librarian who passed by where the patient 106 was lying on the floor or slumped over a desk while sitting on a chair after the patient 106 fell. The user 112 takes out the AED 104 from the location where the AED 104 is installed, such as a storage of the library. In some cases, the AED 104 is stored in a wall-mounted storage case installed on the wall for the purpose of storing the AED 104.

[0072] In various examples, the AED 104 has its cartridge 102 maintained by a technician before being used by the user 112 so that the AED 104 can communicate usage data 118 to the device the technician is using. For example, the technician checks that the cartridge 102 is new and unused. In some cases, the cartridge 102 may be the cartridge originally installed in the AED 104, or it may be a replacement cartridge removably inserted into the AED 104 after use of one or more cartridges, after expiration of the expiration date, after depletion of the charge, or any combination thereof. In various situations, the AED 104 sends a message to the device the technician is using and is inspected by the technician based on the technician's confirmation of the message. For example, the technician loads the AED 104 with a cartridge 102 equipped with a fully charged battery 108 and unused electrode pads 110. In some implementations, the AED 104 outputs an indication of the status of the cartridge 102 (e.g., an indication of whether the expiration date of the cartridge 102 has passed) (e.g., by visual output on a screen, audible output from a speaker, etc.). In some cases, the AED 104 sends an indication of the status of the cartridge 102 to an external device (e.g., a server). If the AED 104 is part of a group of devices, the external device may output a report indicating which device in the group of devices needs a replacement cartridge (e.g., including the cartridge 102). Thus, the technician can efficiently manage the group of devices.

[0073] In various examples, user 112 picks up AED 104 with cartridge 102, moves AED 104, and places it next to patient 106. In various examples, user 112 can quickly and easily identify that cartridge 102 is fortunately unused. In these examples or other examples, user 112 can quickly and easily identify that battery 108 and electrode pads 110 are unused. For example, user 112 looks at AED 104 and visually checks a display that shows text indicating that battery 108 and electrode pads 110 are unused. As another aspect, or in addition to the above, in some examples, AED 104 includes a battery indicator and an electrode pad indicator that light up with a color such as green and a pattern such as a steady pattern that does not blink to indicate to user 112 that battery 108 and electrode pads 110 are unused. Further, AED 104 indicates that the charge level of battery 108 is fully charged since, for example, battery 108 is in an unused state.

[0074] In some examples, when user 112 picks up or places down AED 104, AED 104 automatically turns on the display / indicator power or automatically activates the display / indicator. In these examples or other examples, when user 112 turns on the power of AED 104, such as by pressing a power button, AED 104 turns on the display / indicator power.

[0075] In various examples, the AED 104 automatically transmits a signal to an external device 120, such as a user 112's mobile phone. For example, based on the user 112 placing the mobile phone near the AED 104 to read some device, such as the NFC transceiver of the AED 104, the AED 104 automatically transmits a signal to the mobile phone. In some examples, based on the external device 120 being moved and the distance between the external device 120 and the AED 104 becoming less than a threshold distance, the AED 104 and the external device 120 exchange data. In some examples, this signal may indicate that the battery 108 and the electrode pads 110 are unused and may indicate the charge level of the battery 108.

[0076] The user 112 can use, for example, options available for identifying that the AED 104 is new and ready for use. In some cases, since the display / indicator of the AED 104 operates to assure that the AED 104 is immediately available for use, the user 112 need not seek an instruction from the mobile phone.

[0077] In some cases, the user 112 opens a cartridge 102 removably connected to the AED 104 and removes and / or pulls out the electrode pads 110. The electrode pads 110 include, for example, wires corresponding to each of the respective terminals connected to the cartridge 102. In some cases, the user 112 removes clothing and / or objects covering the area of the patient 106's body where the electrode pads 110 are to be applied.

[0078] The user 112 applies the electrode pads 110, for example, to the skin of the patient 106's abdomen and chest. In some examples, the electrode pads 110 are applied after the user 112 removes the backing (e.g., a plastic backing) of the adhesive of the electrode pads 110. The user 112 applies the electrode pads 110 to the patient 106, for example.

[0079] In various situations, the AED 104 detects the physiological state of the patient 106 via the electrode pads 110. For example, the AED 104 detects an electrical signal indicating the patient's 106 ECG via the electrode pads 110, and further analyzes the ECG to detect that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation. In some cases, upon detecting ventricular fibrillation, the AED 104 presents text on the display of the AED 104 or outputs an audible command via the speaker of the AED 104. In various examples, the AED 104 recommends performing defibrillation treatment by utilizing the presented text / audible command. For example, a user 112 who was able to efficiently execute various operations promptly based on the fact that the AED 104 ensured that the cartridge 102 was ready for use can identify that defibrillation treatment such as an electric shock is immediately required.

[0080] In various situations, immediately after identifying that a defibrillation shock is necessary, the AED 104 immediately charges the electrical energy stored in the battery 108 to the capacitor. Further, for example, when the capacitor is charged, the AED 104 presents an indicator on the display indicating that the AED 104 is ready to be used for outputting a defibrillation shock. In some cases, the AED 104 presents a large indicator (i.e., a "ready indicator") related to the completion of the preparation of the AED 104. For example, the user 112 presses an indicator on the touch screen display. Depending on the situation, the AED 104 sends electrical energy from the capacitor to the patient 106 via the electrode pads 110. Since the user 112 has obtained information indicating that the cartridge 102 is new, the user 112 can promptly operate the AED 104 to deliver a defibrillation shock to the patient 106 and save the life of the patient 106. For example, since the user 112 can easily confirm that the preparation of the cartridge 102 is complete, the user 112 can perform complex procedures to rescue the patient 106.

[0081] As previously described in this disclosure, a subset of the cartridge data 116 pre-stored in the cartridge 102 may be utilized by the cartridge 102, but is not limited to such a mode. In some examples, a subset of the cartridge data pre-stored in the cartridge 102 is stored during various processes, and these processes are performed before the processes related to the user are executed. For example, each subset of the pre-stored cartridge data is stored during production, configuration, quality control, manufacturing, shipping, storage, procurement, inventory management, operation, various other types of processes, or any combination thereof.

[0082] In some implementations, the cartridge 102 can be used in various types of medical devices. For example, in some cases, the cartridge 104 is configured to be connected to another type of external defibrillator such as a monitor-equipped defibrillator and the AED 104. In some implementations, the monitor-equipped defibrillator utilizes the cartridge 102 in a different manner from the AED 104. For example, in an example where the cartridge data 116 indicates the manufacturing date of the cartridge 102, as long as this manufacturing date is after a predetermined date related to the AED 104, the AED 104 may determine that the expiration date of the cartridge 102 has not expired. In contrast, a monitor-equipped defibrillator that evaluates the cartridge 102 simultaneously with the AED 104 may determine that the cartridge 102 has expired for use by the monitor-equipped defibrillator because the manufacturing date is before a predetermined date related to the monitor-equipped defibrillator. That is, the predetermined date related to the monitor-equipped defibrillator may be after the predetermined date related to the AED 104. Such a difference in the predetermined date may reflect that the method of using the cartridge 102 by the monitor-equipped defibrillator is slightly different compared to the AED 104. For example, since it can be expected that the state of the electrode pads 110 before use is of higher quality, the monitor-equipped defibrillator may utilize a higher energy amount when applying an electric shock to the patient compared to the AED 104.

[0083] In some cases, the electrode pads 110 can be used multiple times until the AED 104 deems the cartridge 102 to have expired. For example, the electrode pads 110 may be used a total of three times on three different patients before the AED 104 determines that the cartridge 102 has expired. For example, an instruction to use the electrode pads 110 multiple times can be stored in the usage status data 118. FIG. 2 shows an example of a cartridge 202 and an automated external defibrillator (AED) 204. This cartridge 202 is configured to be removably connected to the AED 204 and includes a memory 206 that is used for storing the usage status data 118. For example, any of the cartridge 202, the AED 204, and the memory 206 are utilized to implement each of the cartridge 202, the AED 104, and the memory 114 described above with reference to FIG. 1.

[0084] In some examples, the cartridge 202 can be inserted into the AED 204. For example, the cartridge 202 includes a memory 206 that stores cartridge data 116 including the usage status data 118 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some cases, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the cartridge 202 includes the electrode pads 110 and the battery 108. In some examples, the memory 206 includes one or more various types of storage devices, such as, for example, a memory card, a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a micro secure digital (SD) card, an SD card, a compact flash card, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a smart card, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, or a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip.

[0085] In some cases, the cartridge 202 is inserted into and connected within the cavity of the AED 204. For example, the cavity includes one or more connectors (e.g., electrical connectors) and is configured to receive the cartridge 202. In some cases, the AED 204 includes one or more processors and memory.

[0086] In various implementations, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 includes one or more fixtures for securing the cartridge 202 to the AED 204. For example, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 includes one or more clips, one or more fasteners, one or more straps, one or more lips, one or more hinges, one or more fixtures of some kind, or any combination thereof.

[0087] In various examples, the AED 204 includes a cavity that includes a sensor configured to detect a change in potential at a port in response to a pin of a connector of the cartridge 202 being connected to the port. For example, the AED 204 analyzes identifier data (e.g., the signature of the cartridge 202) when it detects that the cartridge 202 is inserted into the cavity or is being inserted into the cavity. In some examples, the AED 204 that detects the cartridge 202 identifies a change in potential at a port of the cavity based on one or more signals being transmitted through one or more conductors (e.g., one or more electrical conductors) having one or more corresponding terminals connected to one or more corresponding terminals of one or more sensors of the port of the cavity and / or being connected to one or more corresponding terminals of the port of the cavity.

[0088] In some cases, the AED 204 analyzes a signal that identifies cartridge data (e.g., cartridge data as described above with reference to FIG. 1). For example, the AED 204 identifies the signature of the cartridge 202 in response to detecting that the potential has changed.

[0089] In some examples, the signal received by the AED 204 includes various types of data related to the cartridge 202. For example, the AED 204 receives a signal and identifies, within this signal, data including an identifier (e.g., a signature) and a status related to the cartridge 202. In some cases, the identifier is unique to the cartridge and the status indicates that the cartridge 202 is unused.

[0090] In various situations, the AED 204 stores various types of data related to the cartridge 202 and performs various inputs and outputs. In some examples, the AED 204 receives a value (i.e., a "usage value") within the cartridge data 116 from the cartridge 202 (e.g., any of the values described above with reference to FIG. 1) and stores that value. In some cases, the cartridge 202 receives one or more subsets of the usage status data 118, such as the value of the usage status data 118 and / or one or more other subsets.

[0091] For example, the usage status value received from the cartridge 202 and stored in the AED 204 symbolically indicates that the cartridge 202 is electrically connected to the AED 204 and is unused. In some examples, the AED 204 includes a display configured to turn on an indicator in response to the storage of the usage status value. For example, the display operates to activate an indicator in a mode indicating that the cartridge 202 is unused (e.g., operates to activate a steady - state mode indicator indicating that the cartridge is unused). In some examples, the display operates to activate a steady - state mode indicator. The indicator, for example, lights some type of light (e.g., steady light) and / or does not output an alert sound (e.g., does not make a sound).

[0092] For example, in various implementations where the cartridge is removably inserted and used in an AED, the display operates to activate an indicator in a mode (e.g., a blinking mode) indicating that the cartridge has been used (e.g., stops the steady mode and activates the indicator in the blinking mode indicating that the cartridge has been used). The indicator lights up some kind of light (e.g., blinking light) and / or outputs an alert sound, for example.

[0093] In some implementations, one or more parts of the AED 204 are configured to accommodate one or more parts of the cartridge 202. For example, the AED 204 has one or more open faces (e.g., formed as a recess or a socket) so as to be able to accommodate the cartridge 202. In some cases, one or more parts of one or both of two faces (e.g., the front face and / or the rear face, and the upper face (e.g., the upward-facing face) and / or the bottom face) positioned perpendicular to each other are open (e.g., formed as a recess or a socket) so as to be able to house the cartridge 202.

[0094] As described above in the present disclosure, the number of parts and / or faces of the AED 204 configured to accommodate any number of parts and / or faces of the cartridge 202 may be any number, but is not limited to such a manner. In some examples, two faces of the AED 204 are open (e.g., formed as a recess or a socket), and when the cartridge 202 is firmly inserted into the AED 204, four faces of the cartridge 202 fit into four faces of the AED 204. For example, the cartridge 202 is inserted into the AED 204, and three faces and the upper face (e.g., the face facing upward during operation) of the cartridge 202 contact three inner faces and one bottom face (e.g., the face facing downward during operation) of the AED 204.

[0095] In another example, one side of the AED 204 is open (e.g., formed as a recess or insertion port, etc.), and when the cartridge 202 is firmly inserted into the AED 204, the fifth side of the cartridge 202 fits into the fifth side of the AED 204. For example, the cartridge 202 is inserted into the AED 204, and the fourth side and the upper surface (e.g., the surface facing upward during operation) of the cartridge 202 contact the four inner surfaces and one bottom surface (e.g., the surface facing downward during operation) of the AED 204.

[0096] In various situations, the usage data 118 includes various types of data indicating various aspects related to the usage situation, such as the past usage of a part (e.g., a portion or the whole) of the cartridge 202. As one or more parts of the cartridge 202, for example, components (e.g., accessory devices), circuits, other electrical and / or electronic parts of the cartridge 202, or any combination thereof can be mentioned.

[0097] In some examples, the usage data 118 is utilized to indicate the individual usage situations of the corresponding accessory devices of the cartridge 202. In some examples, the accessory devices include electrode pads 110 and power supply devices (e.g., battery 108). In these examples or other examples, the accessory devices include processors (e.g., ASICs), sensors, visual indicators, converters, speakers, microphones, UIs, mechanisms, various other types of accessory devices, or any combination thereof.

[0098] In various situations, the cartridge data 116 is utilized by the user 112 to check one or more states of the cartridge 202 (e.g., the state data as described above with reference to FIG. 1). For example, the state data is included in the cartridge data 116. In some examples, the cartridge data 116 is utilized to check whether the cartridge 202 is in an operating state. In these or other examples, the cartridge data 116 is utilized to check whether any part of the cartridge 202 has full functionality, is unused, is authenticated, is hygienic, is structurally sound, or meets other criteria, or any combination thereof.

[0099] In various implementations, the cartridge data 116 includes data that is considered extremely important for the safety, predictability, and effective operation of the cartridge 202. For example, the cartridge data 116 enables the cartridge 202 to be reliably used with the AED 204 with high confidence. In contrast to existing AEDs without a removable cartridge, without cartridge data, or without usage status data, an AED implemented according to the techniques described herein (e.g., the AED 204, etc.) is utilized, for example, for the management of meaningful and important data. In some cases, the cartridge 202 presents an output indicating the cartridge data 116 to the user 112 as the user 112 who initiated the use of the AED 204 (e.g., presents it visually and / or audibly).

[0100] In some implementations, the AED 204 processes one or more requests (e.g., identifier requests) that require one or more identifiers. For example, this request is utilized by the user 112 or one or more other users to obtain an identifier. For example, the request is processed by the AED 204 based on one or more communications from the external device 120. In various situations, the request is sent to the cartridge 202 and processed by the cartridge 202. In some cases, the request is processed based on one or more selections received via user input from the user 112. For example, user input utilized for control of the AED 204 to process the request includes touch input to one or more single indicators, tactile input to one or more usage buttons, voice input of one or more simple commands (e.g., the voice command "is a used cartridge"), and / or other types of user input.

[0101] In some implementations, the identifier request includes one or more inquiries related to corresponding combinations of each component of the cartridge 202 and / or each software subset of the cartridge 202. As another aspect, or in addition to the above, the identifier request includes one or more individual inquiries corresponding to the entire cartridge 202 itself (e.g., as a whole) (e.g., all components of the cartridge 202 and / or all software subsets of the cartridge 202).

[0102] In various situations, the identifier request includes one or more usage data requests. In some examples, the usage data request is utilized to retrieve the usage data 118. In these examples or other examples, the usage data request (i.e., "inquiry of usage data") is related to one or more corresponding components of the cartridge 202 and / or one or more corresponding software subsets of the cartridge 202.

[0103] In various situations, a usage data request need not include certain types of requested data such as one or more names, one or more numbers, one or more passwords, etc. related to user 112, the user himself / herself, and / or the device being used by the user. For example, a usage data request need not identify user 112 who controls external device 120. Since it is not necessary for a usage data request to include identifier data, for example, simplification and reliability of operations based on the usage data request can be ensured. In some cases, an identifier request related only to cartridge 202 (e.g., an identifier request not related to a specific accessory of cartridge 202) need not include identifier data. As another aspect, or in addition to the above, an identifier request related to a corresponding accessory of cartridge 202 need not include identifier data.

[0104] In some examples, an identifier request related to data other than usage data 118 needs to include certain types of requested data. For example, individual identifier requests used for receiving important data, safety-related data, certain types of component data, etc. need to include certain types of requested data. In such examples, the identifier request needs to include certain types of requested data before continuing the operation of AED 204 that is processed based on the identifier request. Examples of certain types of requested data include, for example, names, numbers, passwords, etc. related to user 112, the user himself / herself, and / or the device being used by the user.

[0105] In various situations, based on an identifier request, one or more identifier responses, such as responses of one or more usage data, are output in various ways (e.g., transmitted and / or output visually / audibly). For example, the response of the usage data includes one or more results created by the AED 204 based on the identifier request. In various situations, this result includes one or more identifier results (i.e., "results of usage data"). In some cases, the identifier result is output, for example, via one or more communications and / or one or more illuminations of corresponding one or more usage status indicators. In some examples, the identifier result is output by the AED 204 that presents the identifier result via a display.

[0106] In some examples, an identifier response, such as a response of usage data, is managed in a manner similar to a notification. For example, the identifier response is created based on the cartridge data 116. In some cases, the identifier response is created based on the cartridge 202 and / or other data stored in the AED 204. For example, when an identifier request for verifying whether the cartridge 202 is new is received by the AED 204, creating the usage data response includes obtaining a usage value from the usage data 118 and presenting this usage value as an output via the response of the usage data.

[0107] In such an example or another example, in an example where an identifier request is utilized to verify whether the cartridge 202 is new, creating a response to the usage data includes comparing a signature within the cartridge data 116 to a cartridge signature within the data stored in the AED 204. Next, the AED 204 identifies usage values stored in the cartridge 202, for example, based on the cartridge signature within the cartridge data 116 matching the cartridge signature stored in the AED 204. In such an example or another example, a response to the usage data is output to indicate that the cartridge 202 is usable, based on the usage value (e.g., based on a usage value having a value of "0"). For example, an indicator associated with the new cartridge 202 (i.e., the "new cartridge indicator") is illuminated, the number "0" is presented as a usage indicator on the display of the AED 204, the display of the AED 204 switches from illuminating one or more other portions of the display (e.g., one or more other indicators) to illuminating the usage identifier, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 perform various other actions indicating that the cartridge 202 is new, or any combination of these is performed.

[0108] In various situations, the AED 204 may request the receipt of one or more communications in response to an identifier response before continuing any operation. In various situations, the AED 204 may request the receipt of communications based on an identifier request related to the battery 108 and / or the electrode pads 110. In various situations, the AED 204 may request the receipt of communications based on the fact that an identifier request has been used to confirm the compatibility and / or functionality of the cartridge 202 and / or the compatibility and / or functionality with relatively important accessories. For example, the AED 204 may request the receipt of communications based on the fact that an identifier request has been used to confirm the compatibility and / or functionality of the battery 108 and / or the electrode pads 110. In some cases, a confirmation is received based on the user 112 visually observing and verifying that the output is accurate. For example, the user 112 can verify that the output identifier result data is accurate.

[0109] For example, a confirmation is received via the exchange of communications and / or the receipt of user input. In various situations, communications and / or selections via user input are received and utilized by the AED 204. For example, communications and / or selections are received and utilized to specify whether to continue or stop the operation of the AED 204. In some cases, the AED 204 continues or stops one or more respective operations of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204. For example, the AED 204 can continue the operation in response to the output of a confirmation notification and / or a confirmation response. In such an example, the AED 204 can continue the operation in response to receiving the confirmation.

[0110] In some cases, the verification includes a verification response (e.g., one or more positive verification responses). For example, the verification response indicates that the data in the notification and / or identifier response is accurate, sufficient, and includes values within a threshold; that each part of the AED204 is compatible; that the AED204 is continuing various operations; or any combination thereof. For example, based on the verification, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED204 continue normal operation and / or enable the user to control the continuation of the operation of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED204.

[0111] As described above in the present disclosure, the AED204 may stop various operations until a verification is received, but is not limited to such a mode. In some examples, the AED204 continues various operations without waiting to receive a verification. In some cases, the setting data can be managed so that the AED204 can stop and wait for a verification. In some cases, the setting data can be managed so that the AED204 can automatically continue the operation without requiring the receipt of a verification.

[0112] For example, the setting data can be managed so that the AED204 can operate variously in response to verifications related to various types of notifications and / or responses. In some cases, the setting data can be used to override the stop of operation in the default setting related to some types of notifications and / or responses. For example, even if a notification of usage data is output, the setting data can be used to cause the AED204 to perform some operation. For example, even if a notification of usage data indicates the use of the cartridge, the setting data can be used to cause the AED204 to perform some operation.

[0113] In another example, the AED 204 is controlled in various ways based on communications and / or selections that include one or more negative acknowledgment responses. For example, a negative acknowledgment response may indicate that the user 112 has determined that the output data in the notification and / or response is incorrect or insufficient. In some cases, a negative acknowledgment response may indicate that the user 112 has determined that a usage value within the output data exceeds a threshold (e.g., the usage value exceeds zero). For example, the usage value may be related to the parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the parts of the AED 204 being incompatible, insufficient, or any combination thereof.

[0114] In some examples, the AED 204 performs various operations based on a negative acknowledgment response. For example, the AED 204 deactivates the parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the parts of the AED 204. In these or other examples, the AED 204 stops various parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204. In these or other examples, the AED 204 shuts off the power of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204.

[0115] In some cases, incompatibilities related to the component data may be indicated in the output data. For example, the output data may include an incorrect current identifier. In such an example, the identifier may include a serial number that is partially different from the initial serial number (e.g., a valid serial number). In some cases, the output data may include an identifier related to the production, shipment, authorization, etc. of the cartridge 202.

[0116] In some cases, to improve the efficiency, safety, and reliability of the AED 204, a negative acknowledgement response is used to automatically disable or power off various parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204. In such an example, powering off optimizes power management for extending the life of the battery 108. In such an example, disabling each accessory of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204, or disconnecting these accessories from other accessories and / or circuits may be performed. In some cases, powering off or disabling operation is performed by opening the circuit between the battery and one or more other accessories. In some cases, powering off or disabling operation is performed to improve the efficiency, safety, and reliability of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204.

[0117] In some cases, control of the continuation or interruption of the operation of the AED 204 based on the received negative acknowledgement response is performed based on the setting data. In some cases, the AED 204 uses the setting data to determine to automatically disable each component or automatically stop or interrupt the operation. For example, the setting data controls the AED 204 to disable each component or stop the operation in response to receiving a negative acknowledgement response for some types of notifications and / or responses. In some cases, by disabling the operation or stopping the operation of each component, the user 112 can be surely made aware that an identifier notification and / or an identifier response has been output. In some cases, by disabling the operation or stopping the operation of each component, the user 112 can be surely made aware that the battery 108 and / or the electrode pads 110 have been used. In some cases, the AED 204 determines to automatically execute the operation despite receiving a negative acknowledgement response by using the setting data.

[0118] In various examples, after an identifier notification and / or an identifier response is output, the AED 204 determines how to operate by using the configuration data. For example, in response to an identifier notification and / or an identifier response being output, the AED 204 automatically stops operating and / or controls various parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 to be automatically deactivated. In various examples, based on an identifier notification and / or an identifier response indicating that the electrode pads or the battery are not new, the operation is stopped and / or various parts are automatically deactivated. In such examples, by controlling the AED 204 to stop operating and / or controlling various parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 to be deactivated, it becomes possible for the user to solve the problem. In such examples, by stopping the operation and / or deactivating various parts of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204, it becomes possible for the user to replace the used electrode pads with new electrode pads or replace the used battery with a new battery.

[0119] As described above in the present disclosure, communication and / or selection (i.e., "selection by the user") may be received in various ways, but is not limited to such embodiments. For example, any kind of communication and / or any kind of user input (e.g., touch input, voice input, mechanical input, other types of input, or any combination thereof, etc.) of user input) is received in a manner similar to the said communication and / or the said user input for the purpose of implementing the technology described herein. In various situations, one or more subsets of the data specified by any selection are received by touch input to the touch screen. For example, the touch input may be an input to one or more identifiers (e.g., name, number, etc.); one or more symbols (e.g., check mark, name (e.g., part name)), number (e.g., part number); one or more lists, one or more tables, one or more graphs, a series of numbers and / or characters described in one or more charts, etc. In some examples, the touch input may be in response to other types of symbols presented via the touch screen.

[0120] In various examples, the selection by the user is received via one or more audible commands. For example, the selection by the user is received via one or more voice commands, one or more audible utterances, etc., or any combination thereof. In some cases, the selection by the user is received via audible input to the microphone. For example, the AED 204 utilizes audible input to obtain and / or create digital data (e.g., digital voice data) that identifies identifier data (e.g., name, number, and / or any other type of symbol indicating a name, number, or any combination thereof).

[0121] As described above in the present disclosure, identifier requests may be received in various ways, but are not limited to such manners. In various examples, identifier requests exchanged via communication are processed as one or more requests (i.e., "ping") for any type of identifier data and / or other types of data. In various examples, identifier requests are processed as requests for characteristic data. Examples of characteristic data include, for example, the characteristics described herein.

[0122] In some cases, identifier requests are utilized to obtain individual identifiers. For example, using the identifier request, names, dates, etc. as described above with reference to FIG. 1 can be obtained. In some examples, using the identifier request, corresponding product names, corresponding manufacturer names, etc., or any combination thereof can be obtained. For example, the obtained name is related to the corresponding accessory, software, etc., or any combination thereof. In some cases, the AED 204 utilizes the identifier request to identify and output (e.g., transmit and / or output audibly / visually) a name and / or a date. In some cases, the AED 204 outputs response data such as a name and / or a date in the corresponding identifier response.

[0123] In various examples, identifier requests include various types of request data. For example, the request data includes corresponding serial numbers, corresponding part numbers, etc., related to the corresponding accessory, software, etc., or any combination thereof, or any combination of these. In some cases, the AED 204 utilizes the identifier request to identify and output other types of corresponding identifiers. For example, the identifier is included in the response data output in the corresponding identifier response based on the request data. In some cases, the response data includes a corresponding name, for example, a corresponding product name, a corresponding manufacturer name, etc., or any combination thereof. In some cases, the response data includes a corresponding date.

[0124] In some examples, the identifier response including the response data is output in various ways. For example, the identifier response is visually output (e.g., transmitted or presented) by at least one display of the AED 204. In various situations, the identifier response is aurally output by at least one speaker of the AED 204. In some examples, the identifier response is displayed as the lighting of one or more indicators of the AED 204. In some examples, the identifier response is output by the AED 204 in other ways, e.g., by any combination of the above output methods. In various situations, the identifier response is output as a list, e.g., as an itemized list such as numbers or names. For example, the itemized list includes numbers, names, etc. related to the corresponding accessory device and / or the corresponding software subset. In some cases, the itemized list is presented on a display, output in other ways, or output in any combination thereof based on the identifier response data.

[0125] In various implementations, the AED 204 includes one or more indicators related to relatively important usage situations of the cartridge 202 and / or one or more accessory devices. In some examples, the indicator is related to the usage situation of the cartridge 202, the usage situation of the electrode pads 110, the usage situation of the battery 108, the usage situation of other accessory devices of the cartridge 202, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the indicator is controlled to be constantly lit to indicate that the corresponding accessory device is new, and / or the indicator is controlled to blink to indicate that the corresponding accessory device has been used.

[0126] As described above in the present disclosure, the configuration data may be managed by the AED 204, but is not limited to such an aspect. In some examples, as briefly described above with reference to FIG. 1, by using this configuration data, the cartridge data 116 is created, modified, and / or managed in various ways. In some examples, the configuration data is pre-stored in the AED 204. In these examples or other examples, the configuration data is created and / or modified by one or more communications. In these examples or other examples, the configuration data is created and / or modified based on user input.

[0127] The configuration data is used, for example, to indicate whether an identifier request needs to include identifier data or whether an identifier request does not need to include identifier data. In some cases, the configuration data is used to control the AED 204 not to request identifier data for a usage data request. In various situations, the configuration data is used to control the AED 204 not to request identifier data for operations related to convenience or appearance. In some cases, the configuration data is used to control the AED 204 to request identifier data for individual identifier requests related to relatively important auxiliary devices (such as processors and transceivers).

[0128] In various situations, the configuration data is managed via communication and / or user input based on the fact that the cartridge 202 and / or the accessory device within it is not new. For example, the configuration data is utilized to control the execution and / or stop of the operation of the AED 204 based on the fact that the cartridge 202 and / or the accessory device within it is not new. For example, even if usage status data 118 indicating that the cartridge 202 and / or the accessory device within it is not new is shown, the configuration data is utilized to control the AED 204 to perform normal operation. In such an example, the configuration data is utilized to control the AED 204 so as to provide the patient 106 with treatments such as extremely important and / or urgent treatments. In such an example, the configuration data is utilized to enable the use of the AED 204 in situations where another cartridge is unavailable or not easily obtainable. In these examples or other examples, some limitations may be overridden and / or ignored based on the configuration data.

[0129] In some implementations, one or more values included in the configuration (e.g., values related to one or more selections) are received via user input. In various examples, values such as one or more updates are received based on one or more communications and / or one or more selections provided via user input. In these examples or other examples, the values are received based on one or more current configurations that are output (e.g., transmitted by the AED 204 or output audibly / visually). For example, the current configuration is output by presenting the current configuration via a display by the AED 204. In these examples or other examples, the configuration is visually output by being communicated or by presenting the configuration on one or more displays of the AED 204, audibly output by one or more speakers of the AED 204, and / or output via one or more other output methods in a similar manner.

[0130] In various examples, depending on the settings, it is determined whether various identifier notifications and / or outputs of identifier responses are automated and / or activated, or not automated and / or not activated. In some cases, depending on the settings, it is determined whether the AED 204 automatically continues to perform some operation and / or automatically stops some operation. For example, depending on the settings, it is determined whether the AED 204 automatically executes or stops before a confirmation is received.

[0131] As described above in this disclosure, the AED 204 may include various input / output components and / or may perform input / output functions, but is not limited to such embodiments. In various situations where an input is received and / or data is output, the cartridge 202 includes one or more components (e.g., input / output components and / or external communication components) similar to the components of the AED 204 (e.g., input / output components and / or external communication components) for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein.

[0132] In such cases or in other cases, the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof, performs functions similar to those performed by the AED 204 for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein. For example, the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof, performs input / output and / or external communication in a manner similar to the input / output and / or external communication performed by the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204. In some examples, when utilizing the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof to perform some kind of function, the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof may be customized in any way. In some examples, the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof may perform customization such as providing various options to the user 112 and / or the external device 120 to interact with the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof. In these examples or other examples, the user 112 and / or the external device 120 provide various options for exchanging external communication with the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 by interacting with the cartridge 202, the AED 204, or any combination thereof.

[0133] In some implementations, the input / output components and / or the communication components are omitted from the cartridge 202. For example, the components used to communicate with the external device 120 are omitted from the cartridge 202. By omitting the input / output components and / or the communication components from the cartridge 202, the likelihood of malfunctions occurring in the cartridge 202 may be reduced by simplifying the cartridge 202. By simplifying the cartridge 202, the costs and / or requirements associated with the production, manufacturing, maintenance, distribution, operation, and / or other aspects of the cartridge 202 can be reduced and / or minimized.

[0134] For example, the cartridge 202 may be extremely simplified, such as by storing only the minimum parts necessary to operate the AED 204 efficiently and reliably, and design, assembly, production, etc. may be performed. In some examples, the cartridge 202 may include a memory 114, electrode pads 110, a battery 108, a processor, circuits, and other auxiliary devices required. In these examples or other examples, the cartridge 202 may not include any auxiliary devices. For example, the cartridge 202 may not include input / output devices, and / or complex electrical components such as an ADC, and / or other types of components included in the AED 204.

[0135] In the cartridge 202, by omitting various parts unnecessary for the operation of the AED 204, the cartridge 202 may be configured to be disposable (for example, environmentally disposable or cost-effectively disposable, etc.). Since the cartridge 202 has a reduced number of parts that may fail and / or cause operational problems, it may be used with high reliability, and as a result, the user 112 can confidently perform the medical treatment of the patient 106 safely, and in some cases, save the life of the patient 106.

[0136] As described above in the present disclosure, the usage data 118 may be managed in various ways, but is not limited to such a manner. In some cases, the usage data 118 is updated based on one or more types of electrode pads 110 and / or one or more of their characteristics, and / or changes thereto. For example, the usage data 118 is updated based on the AED 204 identifying a change in the characteristics of the electrode pad 110. In various situations, the AED 204 identifies the type and / or characteristics of the electrode pad 110 based on an identifier and / or detected data. In some examples, cartridge data 116 such as component data indicates the type of electrode pad. In some cases, the characteristic data within the component data includes the type and / or characteristics associated with the electrode pad 110. In these examples or other examples, the usage data 118 is itemized, associated, and / or managed based on the type and / or characteristics of the electrode pad 110. For example, the usage data 118 is updated based on a modification to the type and / or characteristics of the electrode pad 110.

[0137] In various implementations, the cartridge data 116 includes one or more identifiers regarding the type and / or characteristics of the electrode pad 110. In some cases, the cartridge data 116 includes identifiers related to the aspects and / or characteristics of the electrode pad 110 and / or accessory of the cartridge 202.

[0138] Various types of electrode pads may be used in the cartridge 202. For example, examples of the type of electrode pad include disposable electrode pads, reusable electrode pads, or any combination thereof. In some cases, as the electrode pad 110, electrode pads used for normal operation of the cartridge 202 and the AED 204 (i.e., "standard electrode pads"), electrode pads used for training of operation (i.e., "training electrode pads"), or any combination thereof may be mentioned.

[0139] In some examples, the standard electrode pads are specialized and suitable for operations to be performed in emergency situations. In some examples, the training electrode pads are specialized and suitable for operations not to be performed in emergency situations.

[0140] As characteristics of the standard electrode pads, for example, having an adhesive gel over the entire surface for single use and the like can be mentioned. Since the adhesive gel is applied over the entire surface, a firm and strong connection can be made between the standard electrode pads and the patient. As characteristics of the training electrode pads, for example, having an adhesive gel partially for repeated use can be mentioned.

[0141] In some cases, as characteristics of the standard electrode pads, metals and / or plastics with a quality level exceeding the quality threshold and / or exceeding the quality level of the metals and / or plastics of the training electrode pads can be mentioned. In some cases, as characteristics of the standard electrode pads, circuits with a quality level exceeding the quality threshold and / or exceeding the quality level of the circuits of the training electrode pads can be mentioned.

[0142] In some examples, as characteristics of the standard electrode pads, an adhesion level exceeding the standard threshold, an adhesion level exceeding the adhesion level of the training electrode pads, or any combination thereof can be mentioned. In some examples, as characteristics of the training electrode pads, an adhesion level below the threshold of the adhesion level for training (for example, the same adhesion level threshold as the standard threshold of the adhesion level or another threshold), an adhesion level below the adhesion level of the standard electrode pads, or any combination thereof can be mentioned.

[0143] As types of electrode pads, for example, there may be adult electrode pads, pediatric electrode pads, infant electrode pads, electrode pads for other age groups, or any combination thereof. In some examples, as a characteristic of adult electrode pads, the amount of energy thereof (for example, the amount of energy generated during energy delivery) is greater than the threshold value of the adult energy amount, greater than the energy amount of pediatric electrode pads, greater than the energy amount of infant electrode pads, or any combination thereof. In some examples, as a characteristic of adult electrode pads, the size and / or weight thereof is greater than the threshold value of the size and / or weight of adult electrode pads, greater than the size and / or weight of pediatric electrode pads, greater than the size and / or weight of infant electrode pads, or any combination thereof.

[0144] In some examples, as a characteristic of pediatric electrode pads, the amount of energy thereof is greater than the threshold value of the minimum energy amount for pediatric use, less than the threshold value of the maximum energy amount for pediatric use, less than the energy amount of adult electrode pads, greater than the energy amount of infant electrode pads, or any combination thereof. For example, as a characteristic of pediatric electrode pads, the threshold value of the amount of energy thereof is less than the threshold value of the energy amount for adult use and / or less than the threshold value of the maximum energy amount for pediatric use. In some examples, as a characteristic of pediatric electrode pads, the size and / or weight thereof is greater than the threshold value of the minimum size and / or weight for pediatric use, less than the threshold value of the maximum size and / or weight for pediatric use, less than the size and / or weight of adult electrode pads, greater than the size and / or weight of infant electrode pads, or any combination thereof. For example, as a characteristic of pediatric electrode pads, the threshold value of the size and / or weight thereof is less than the threshold value of the size and / or weight for adult use and / or less than the threshold value of the maximum size and / or weight for pediatric use.

[0145] In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the amount of energy thereof is less than the threshold value of the maximum amount of energy for infants, greater than the threshold value of the minimum amount of energy for infants, less than the amount of energy of the electrode pad for adults, less than the amount of energy of the electrode pad for children, or any combination thereof. In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the threshold value of the amount of energy thereof is less than the threshold value of the minimum amount of energy for children. In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the threshold value of the amount of energy thereof is less than the threshold value of the maximum amount of energy for infants. In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the size and / or weight thereof is less than the threshold value of the maximum size and / or weight for infants, greater than the threshold value of the minimum size and / or weight for infants, less than the size and / or weight of the electrode pad for adults, less than the size and / or weight of the electrode pad for children, or any combination thereof. In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the threshold value of the size and / or weight thereof is less than the threshold value of the minimum size and / or weight for children. In some examples, characteristics of the electrode pad for infants include that the threshold value of the size and / or weight thereof is less than the threshold value of the maximum size and / or weight for infants.

[0146] In some examples, various types of power supply devices can be used to supply power to the cartridge 202. For example, types of power supply devices that can be specified in the characteristic data include one or more batteries (e.g., battery 108), one or more capacitors, one or more other types of power supply devices, or any combination thereof.

[0147] As described above in the present disclosure, the cartridge data 116 may be stored in the cartridge 202 and / or auxiliary devices such as the electrode pads 110 and / or the battery 108, but is not limited to such a mode. In some examples, the cartridge data 116 includes various types of data. For example, the cartridge data 116 includes numerical data, Boolean data, binary data, other types of data, or any combination thereof. For example, in an example where the usage data 118 includes numerical data, this numerical data includes a value indicating the past number of uses of the cartridge 202. In some examples, past uses include the occurrence of past uses of the cartridge 202, past incidents related to electrical activity, past activations of the cartridge 202, past operations performed on the cartridge 202, or any combination thereof.

[0148] In some cases, the past uses stored in the usage data 118 include various types of uses. For example, in a case where a value indicating past use is stored in the usage data 118, past uses include corresponding incidents related to electrical activity, corresponding activations, corresponding operations, other corresponding types of past uses, or any combination thereof.

[0149] In some cases, in an example where a value indicating the number of past incidents related to electrical activity is stored in the usage data 118, past incidents related to electrical activity include the supply of power to the auxiliary devices of the cartridge 202.

[0150] In some cases, in an example where a value indicating the number of past activations is stored in the usage data 118, past activations include the past power-on of the cartridge 202. Past power-on includes, for example, successful power-on of all auxiliary devices of the cartridge 202 (e.g., successful power supply). In some examples, past power-on includes the selection of power-on received via user input, the supply of power to the auxiliary devices, the initial settings of the auxiliary devices, and the automatic power-on operation performed by the auxiliary devices.

[0151] For example, in an example where the usage data 118 includes data indicating the occurrence of past use of the cartridge 202, the data indicating the occurrence of past use includes a value indicating the number of occurrences of past use of the cartridge 202. For example, the number of occurrences indicates the use of the cartridge, which includes past use of the cartridge 202 (i.e., "use of the cartridge"). In some cases, the value included in the usage data 118 (i.e., "check mark") indicates the number of times corresponding to the occurrence of corresponding past use of the corresponding sub-device of the cartridge 202.

[0152] By utilizing various types of usage status to track and / or provide an output indicating the usage status of the cartridge, for example, the amount of memory resources of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 can be optimized and / or adjusted. By using check marks, for example, the amount of data that needs to be stored is less than when using, for example, the date of use and the number of uses, so the amount of memory that needs to be included in the cartridge 202 can be reduced.

[0153] For example, in a case where the cartridge 202 uses the usage data 118 to indicate that the cartridge 202 has not been used in the past, the cartridge 202 indicates how many times the cartridge 202 has been used in the past by using the usage data 118. For example, the usage data 118 includes a value indicating how many times the cartridge 202 has been used in the past. If this value is zero, it is indicated that the number of past uses of the cartridge 202 is 0 times.

[0154] As described above in the present disclosure, the cartridge 202 may be updated in various ways, but is not limited to such a manner, based on the use and / or change of the remaining battery level. For example, the cartridge 202 is automatically updated without the need for communication and / or user input. In some cases, the cartridge 202 is automatically updated based on the use and / or change of the remaining battery level. In various examples, the cartridge 202 is used for the management of updated data before, during, or after use by one or more users of various types. For example, the user may be of any type, for example, one or more operators, one or more technicians, one or more other types of users, or any combination thereof.

[0155] In another example or additional example, the cartridge 202 is used for the management of updated data before, during, or after use, such as through one or more selections via user input to the AED 204 by the user. For example, in such a case, the user may, as needed, operate one or more menus of the AED 204 to provide a selection to adjust one or more values stored in the AED 204 and related to the electrode pads 110, and change the value to a value indicating that it is used and / or not new from new and / or unused. In some cases, this selection is in response to the AED 204 outputting a notification requesting the user to confirm that the state of the AED 204 is new and / or unused, and this selection is provided based on a notification to change the state of the AED 204 to used and / or not new (for example, when the user notices that the electrode pads of the cartridge 202 are used and / or not new).

[0156] As described above in the present disclosure, the technician / operator may typically have knowledge to the extent that the cartridge data 116 can be updated, and may be familiar with the cartridge to the extent that the cartridge data 116 can be updated, but is not limited to such a manner. In various examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, similar to the methods implemented by the technician / operator and / or the user 112, the cartridge data 116 is updated by one or more users including the user 112 and / or other users or any combination thereof, and / or other functions related to the AED 204, or any combination of these, are executed.

[0157] As described above in the present disclosure, in most cases, the user 112 may be the person who operated the AED 204 by being present when a medical emergency of a patient (e.g., patient 106) occurred, but is not limited to such a manner. In various examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, similar to the methods implemented by the user 112, the AED 204 is used and / or controlled by the technician / operator, the user 112, other users or any combination thereof, so that functions related to the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 are provided.

[0158] As described above in the present disclosure, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 may include various components described above, may operate using various types of data described above, and / or may execute various functions described above, but is not limited to such a manner. In some examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, the cartridge 202 includes various components described above, operates using various types of data described above, and / or executes various functions of the AED 204. In these examples or other examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, the AED 204 includes various components described above, operates using various types of data described above, and / or executes various functions of the cartridge 202.

[0159] As described above in the present disclosure, the AED 204 may be a type of medical device configured to be removably connected to the cartridge 202, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In various examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, one or more medical devices of any kind may be utilized in a manner similar to the AED 204.

[0160] As described above in the present disclosure, the communication may include various types of data, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In some examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, the communication includes one or more wireless communications (e.g., one or more transmitted wireless communications) and / or one or more received wireless communications with any device (e.g., any type of external device), and / or one or more wired communications (e.g., one or more transmitted wired communications and / or one or more received wired communications).

[0161] As described above in the present disclosure, the user of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 may include various types of users, but is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the user includes facility staff, maintenance managers, medical staff, various other personnel, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the user includes one or more users of the external device 120, the user 112, and / or the user of the cartridge 202. In some examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, the user may be interpreted to include the user 112, and the user 112 may be interpreted to include the user. In these examples or other examples, for the purpose of implementing the techniques described herein, the external device of the user may be interpreted to include the external device of the user 112, and the external device of the user 112 may be interpreted to include the external device of the user.

[0162] As described above in the present disclosure, the identifier data may be used by the AED 204 in various ways, but is not limited to such a manner. In various examples, the identifier data includes one or more numbers (e.g., various types of numbers including a unique number) and / or names (e.g., various types of names including a unique name) associated with the cartridge 202 and / or its accessory devices. For example, as identifiers, there may be mentioned a signature (e.g., a product signature, a component signature, a device signature, etc., or any combination thereof), a serial number, a product identifier, an inventory management identifier, a tracking identifier, a shipping identifier (e.g., a shipping order number, etc.), a manufacturer identifier, an internal identifier, other types of other identifiers, or any combination thereof.

[0163] As described above in the present disclosure, the identifier may include various types of identifiers, but is not limited to such a manner. In various examples, the identifier includes one or more names, one or more unique numbers, one or more part numbers, one or more internal identifiers, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the internal identifier is used by the software of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 to track the cartridge data 116. In some examples, the signature includes, as a unique code indicating a device / accessory device (e.g., the cartridge 202), for example, one or more ASCII values, one or more numerical values, one or more alphabetical values, one or more binary values, one or more hexadecimal values, other types of one or more values, or any combination thereof.

[0164] In some examples, the identifier includes date data, and this date data includes one or more dates (e.g., various types of dates such as a unique date) associated with the cartridge 202 and / or its accessory devices. For example, such dates include an expiration date, a manufacturing date, a shipping date, or other types of other dates, or any combination thereof.

[0165] As described above in this disclosure, various types of outputs may be executed by the AED 204, but are not limited to such a manner. In some examples, the external device 120 is utilized to request one or more updates to the AED 204. For example, the update may include one or more cartridge updates utilized by the AED 204 to update the cartridge 202. In some cases, the update is utilized by the AED 204 to output various amounts of information. For example, the update is utilized to cause the AED 204, which is not currently outputting usage data 118, to output the usage data 118.

[0166] As described above in this disclosure, communication and / or user input are utilized to control the AED 204 in various ways, but are not limited to such a manner. In various implementations, selections via communication and / or user input are utilized to manage data within the cartridge 202 in various ways. In some cases, the received selection is utilized in some way to identify, retrieve, create, determine, change, confirm, approve, flag, store, modify, manage, or any combination of these, the data of the cartridge 202.

[0167] In various examples, one or more processes based on communication and / or selection are utilized in some way to identify, retrieve, create, determine, change, confirm, approve, flag, store, modify, manage, or any combination of these, various subsets of the cartridge data. By these processes, for example, the creation and / or generation of identification result data is performed based on the request data. Examples of the request data include the retrieval of request data, the generation of request data, the determination of request data, the change of request data, the confirmation of request data, the approval of request data, the flagging of request data, the storage of request data, the modification of request data, or any combination of these, which can be specified as corresponding requests based on the completion of the corresponding processes executed for the corresponding selections.

[0168] By the above processing, for example, identification result data is created and / or generated, and this identification result data may be included in an identifier response based on an identifier request. As the identification result data, for example, extraction of result data, generation of result data, determination of result data, change of result data, confirmation of result data, approval of result data, flagging of result data, storage of result data, modification of result data, or any combination thereof can be mentioned, and these can be specified as corresponding requests based on the completion of the corresponding processing executed for the corresponding selection.

[0169] In various implementations, various types of communication, input and / or output, and / or data managed thereby are related to various levels of importance. For example, the outputs of the AED 204 managed at various levels of importance include visual outputs and / or audible outputs. In some cases, various types of outputs by the AED 204 require one or more corresponding responses. In some cases, the AED 204 stops operating based on the output being executed by using one or more default settings based on the setting data. In some cases, the AED 204 stops operating based on the output of one or more relatively high-priority notifications by using one or more default settings based on the setting data. For example, the AED 204 stops operating based on the setting data by using a high-priority notification until confirmation is received. Examples of high-priority notifications include, for example, notifications regarding the usage data 118.

[0170] As described above in this disclosure, various types of communications of various importance levels are managed in various ways, but are not limited to such embodiments. In another example or additional example, setting data is used to control the output of high-priority notifications. In some cases, the AED 204 continues to operate using one or more default settings based on the setting data, and at the same time, continues to output high-priority notifications in a part of the display that is not disturbed. In some cases, the AED 204 continues to operate using one or more default settings based on the setting data, and at the same time, continues to output high-priority notifications in a display area that is not disturbed by any type of output related to normal operation. In some cases, the AED 204 continues to operate using one or more default settings based on the setting data, and at the same time, continues to output high-priority notifications by controlling the lighting of indicators and / or the output of audible alerts, and / or the management of the output from the AED 204 by other means, or any combination thereof.

[0171] In some examples, the notification includes one or more identifier notifications, and this notification includes identifier notification data. In some cases, the identifier notification is managed as one or more high-priority notifications and / or normal-priority notifications. For example, the identifier notification is output in various ways. For example, the identifier notification is transmitted via the automatic processing of the AED 204 and / or is output visually / audibly. In some examples, the identifier notification is output without requiring the next user input (for example, transmitted and / or output visually / audibly). In these examples or other examples, the identifier notification, such as a normal-priority notification, is output without requiring a response by the next user input. For example, the identifier notification is output based on various activations (for example, first activation), modifications, changes, updates, etc. of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 and / or the data related thereto. In various examples, one or more communications and / or one or more selections via user input from the user are received as identifier requests.

[0172] In some examples, one or more subsets of the cartridge data 116 are output in the usage notification by the AED 204. For example, the subset of the cartridge data 116 output in the usage notification includes the usage data 118.

[0173] In various examples, the individual identifier notifications are automated in response to various occurrences. For example, the identifier notification may be based on the cartridge 202 being removably connected to the AED 204, power being supplied to the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204, the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 being activated, any replacement, change and / or modification of parts and / or software subsets of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 being identified, a time frame having ended (e.g., the difference between an initial date, which may include any date as described in more detail above, and the current date exceeds a threshold), or any combination thereof.

[0174] As another aspect, or in addition to the above, the individual identifier notifications are automated based on one or more triggers associated with one or more corresponding operations (e.g., one or more predetermined triggers programmed in advance, etc.). For example, the trigger may be related to the corresponding operation and / or corresponding process of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204. For example, at least one of the identifier notifications is automated based on at least one operation and / or process of the cartridge 202 and / or the AED 204 starting and / or completing.

[0175] As another aspect, or in addition to the above, individual identifier notifications are automated based on one or more triggers being set in relation to one or more communications and / or user inputs, where the trigger is set based on one or more corresponding types of communications and / or user inputs. As another aspect, or in addition to the above, the trigger includes one or more triggers related to one or more communication values and / or one or more user input values that match one or more predetermined values and / or one or more pre-programmed values. As another aspect, or in addition to the above, at least one identifier notification is automated based on one or more other communication values and / or one or more other user input values that exceed one or more corresponding predetermined thresholds and / or one or more pre-programmed thresholds.

[0176] As described above in the present disclosure, the configuration data may be managed in various ways based on the cartridge 202 and / or its internal accessory not being new, but is not limited to such an aspect. In various situations, the configuration data is managed via communication and / or user input based on the cartridge 202 and / or its internal accessory not being new, so as to control the execution of normal operation by the AED 204. For example, the AED 204 is managed to execute normal operation even if usage status data 118 indicating that the cartridge 202 and / or its internal accessory is not new is shown. In such an example, the AED 204 is managed to enable extremely important and / or urgent treatments, for example, in a situation where another cartridge is unavailable or not easily accessible, the AED 204 is managed to be made available. In these examples or other examples, (for example, if some restrictions are enabled in the configuration data), some restrictions may be ignored and / or overridden by communications and / or selections received via user input.

[0177] FIG. 3 shows an example of cartridges 302 and 304 and automated external defibrillators (AEDs) 306 and 308. Cartridges 302 and 304 are each configured to be removably connected to AEDs 306 and 308. For example, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, either one of cartridges 302 and 304 and either one of AEDs 306 and 308 are used to implement cartridge 102 and AED 204, respectively.

[0178] In some examples, cartridge 302 can be partially inserted into AED 306, and a part (e.g., portion) of cartridge 302 constitutes the outer surface / exterior of AED 306 (e.g., the user can access cartridge 302 during use of AED 306). For example, cartridge 302 includes a handle that can be used when the user inserts and / or removes cartridge 302. In some cases, cartridge 302 is not entirely surrounded by AED 306.

[0179] In various situations, cartridge 302 includes a connector (e.g., male connector) 310 that at least a part of it is on the outer surface of a part of cartridge 302 and / or extends / protrudes from a part of cartridge 302. For example, a part of cartridge 302 includes a side surface, a case, a housing, a wall surface, etc. of cartridge 302. For example, connector 310 is mounted on one or more wires, one or more cables, or one or more parts (e.g., one or more hardware) in cartridge 302 and includes one or more unshielded exposed electrical terminals.

[0180] In some cases, one or more portions of the cartridge 302 and / or one or more portions of the AED 306 can be fixedly and securely connected. For example, one or more portions of the cartridge 302 and / or one or more portions of the AED 306 are assembled such that by connecting to each other, the cartridge 302 is surrounded by the AED 306 (e.g., sealed). In some cases, each portion of the cartridge 302 and / or each portion of the AED 306 includes one or more clips, one or more fasteners, one or more straps, one or more lips, one or more hinges, one or more fixtures of some kind, or any combination thereof, configured to connect the portions of the AED 306 to form a waterproof seal between the cartridge 302 and the AED 306.

[0181] In various examples, the AED 306 includes a cavity into which the cartridge 302 and / or the connector 310 is inserted. In some cases, the housing and / or case of the AED 306 includes a cavity into which the housing and / or case of the cartridge 304, and / or the connector 310 is inserted. For example, the AED 306 includes a connector (e.g., a female connector) within the cavity. In some examples, the connector of the AED 306 includes one or more terminals (e.g., one or more holes) for securely attaching the exposed connector 310 (e.g., a plug-type exposed conductor) to make a reliable connection. For example, one or more portions of the AED 308 (e.g., the side surface of the cartridge 302, the case, the housing, the wall surface, etc.) project inwardly to form the terminals. For example, the connector of the AED 306 is attached to one or more wires, one or more cables, or one or more portions (e.g., a hardware portion) within the AED.

[0182] In some implementations, the cartridge 304 (e.g., the housing and / or case of the cartridge 304) can be fully inserted entirely into the AED 308 (e.g., the housing and / or case of the AED 308). For example, a part (e.g., the whole) of the cartridge 302 is present inside / within the AED 308. In some cases, during use of the AED 308, the whole of the cartridge 302 is inaccessible from the outside by a user or the like. For example, the cartridge 304 does not have a handle. In some cases, the cartridge 304 is entirely surrounded completely by the AED 308, and the AED 308 has parts that can be connected to each other. For example, as each part of the AED 308, a main part (e.g., the first part) (i.e., the "bottom") and a sub-part (e.g., the second part) (i.e., the "top") attached thereto can be mentioned.

[0183] In some cases, both parts of the AED 308 can be firmly fixed and connected. For example, both parts of the AED 308 are connected and assembled to each other so as to surround (e.g., seal around) the cartridge 304. In some cases, as each part of the AED 308, one or more clips, one or more fasteners, one or more straps, one or more lips, one or more hinges, one or more fixtures of some kind, or any combination thereof, configured to connect the parts of the AED 308 to form a waterproof seal, can be mentioned.

[0184] Depending on various situations, the cartridge 304 comprises a connector (e.g., a female connector) including one or more terminals (e.g., one or more holes) where the connector of the AED 308 is exposed (e.g., as a plug-type exposed conductor). For example, the connector of the cartridge 304 can be firmly attached to the connector of the AED 308 to establish a strong connection. In various situations, the AED 308 comprises a connector (e.g., a male connector) at least a part of which is on the outer surface of a part of the AED 308 (e.g., a side surface, a part of the case, a wall surface, etc.) and / or extends / protrudes from a part of the AED 308. Each connector of the cartridge 304 and / or the AED 308 is attached to, for example, one or more wires, one or more cables, or one or more parts (e.g., one or more hardware parts) within the cartridge 302.

[0185] In some implementations, the AED 306 and / or 308 are configured to accommodate a secondary device (e.g., a removable secondary device), examples of which include the cartridges 302 and / or 304 respectively. In some cases, examples of the secondary device include one or more other types of secondary devices included within the cartridges 302 and / or 304. In various situations, examples of the secondary device included in each of the cartridges 302 and / or 304 include one or more power supply devices, one or more electrode pads, one or more sensors, one or more electrical devices of various other types, or any combination thereof.

[0186] As described above in the present disclosure, the cartridges 302 and 304 and the AEDs 306 and 308 may include various types of connectors, but are not limited to such a manner. In some examples, each of the individual cartridges 302 and 304 may include any type of any connector, and / or each of the AEDs 306 and 308 may also include any type of any connector. In various situations, various parts may be mentioned as such individual connectors, specifically, one or more ports, one or more plugs, one or more pins, one or more sockets, one or more terminals, one or more other types of connectors, or any combination thereof.

[0187] FIG. 4 shows an example of an automated external defibrillator (AED) 400 that can be hermetically sealed without using an adhesive and is removably connectable to a cartridge. For example, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the AED 400 is used for the implementation of the AED 104.

[0188] In some examples, the parts of the AED 400 can be connected to each other. For example, as each part of the AED 400, one or more clips, one or more fasteners, one or more straps, one or more lips, one or more hinges, one or more fixtures of some kind, or any combination thereof configured to connect the parts of the AED 400 to form a waterproof seal.

[0189] In various situations, the parts of the AED are configured to be fitted into each other to form a waterproof seal without using an adhesive. For example, the parts of the AED 400 are configured to be fitted into and connected to each other using overmolding (e.g., plastic molding by overmolding). In some cases, the overmolding of the AED 400 is based on the performance of the injection molding process during manufacturing, and characteristics can be combined by molding a resin layer onto a previously molded part (e.g., characteristics that cannot be obtained using a single material can be obtained).

[0190] The waterproof seal between the parts of the AED400 is formed, for example, without using glue and / or other types of adhesives. In some cases, the parts of the AED400 are firmly fixed and assembled according to a certain direction and / or physical configuration and / or fitted together to fit exactly.

[0191] In some examples, the parts of the AED400 are connected by one or more screws. For example, the parts of the AED400 are provided with a printed circuit board (PCB) at the center (e.g., the center) of the parts (e.g., the PCB is sandwiched between the parts of the AED400). In such an example, one or more surfaces related to the corresponding parts of the AED400 are screwed together through a non-adhesive and waterproof seal.

[0192] As described above in the present disclosure, the parts of the AED may be configured to fit together to form a waterproof seal without using an adhesive, but are not limited to such a mode. In various examples, for the purpose of implementing the technology considered throughout the present disclosure, any parts of the AED (e.g., the AED400) are fitted together, and between the parts of the AED400, some type of seal (e.g., a partial waterproof seal, a complete waterproof seal, a water-resistant seal, a non-water-resistant seal, a non-waterproof seal, etc.) is configured to be formed using an adhesive (e.g., an adhesive that can form a partial seal or an adhesive that can form a complete seal).

[0193] In some examples, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 1, a person such as patient 106 may be a person who has encountered a medical emergency. For example, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 1, patient 106 may receive treatment by another person such as user 112, and this user 112 may be a person who happened to be present there (e.g., a non-medical worker without specialized knowledge). User 112 may, for example, procure an AED 400 and provide medical treatment to patient 106. Since user 112 may not have received specialized training and / or may not have experience in performing medical treatment using an AED 400, the beneficial instructions provided by the AED 400 may be a determining factor as to whether the medical treatment of patient 106 by user 112 is successful.

[0194] In these examples or other examples, user 112 may receive instructions from the AED 400 regarding the operation method of the AED 400 and activate the AED 400 and / or turn on the power. For example, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the AED 400 may output information related to the battery 108 and / or the electrode pads 110 (e.g., by visually displaying it on a display and / or by audibly outputting it from a speaker). In some cases, this information may include instructions on how user 112 may check the charge level of the battery 108 and / or the usage status (i.e., "usage condition") of the electrode pads 110. In these examples or other examples, the AED 400 may output an identifier indicating the battery and information (e.g., words or audible words representing "new" and / or "fully charged", etc.) (e.g., by visually displaying it on a display and / or by audibly outputting it from a speaker). In various examples, this identifier may include a name or symbol representing the battery (e.g., a symbol in the shape of a battery), or any combination thereof. In various examples, the identifier is output in various ways such as words or audible words (e.g., "new" and / or "fully charged").

[0195] In some examples where information is presented visually, the text is presented next to a symbol in the shape of a battery. The AED400 may present a symbol indicating the electrode pads 110 (e.g., a symbol in the shape of the electrode pads), and may present text such as "new" next to this symbol of the electrode pads. The AED400 may present these symbols and text based on the cartridge data 116 retrieved from the memory 114. For example, the AED400 uses the cartridge data 116 including a value indicating that the battery 108 is fully charged and a value indicating that the electrode pads 110 are new to present the symbols and text.

[0196] In these examples or other examples, after the information that the battery 108 is fully charged and the electrode pads 110 are new is presented, the AED400 may output further instructions to the user 112 (e.g., by visually displaying on a display and / or by aurally outputting from a speaker). For example, the AED400 may output information notifying the user of how to attach the electrode pads 110 to the patient 106, how to retrieve physiological data related to the patient 106, and / or how to defibrillate the patient 106 (e.g., by visually displaying on a display and / or by aurally outputting from a speaker).

[0197] By presenting instructions on the display of the AED400 and / or by aurally outputting instructions from the speaker of the AED400, it is considered that the likelihood of the medical treatment of the patient 106 by the user 112 being successful is very high. As described above with reference to FIG. 1, the user 112 can obtain instructions regarding the usage status of the AED400 based on the cartridge data 116 stored in the cartridge 102. The likelihood of the implemented medical treatment being successful, and further, the likelihood that the user 112 can save the life of the patient 106 are significantly improved by presenting instructions from the AED400.

[0198] User 112 obtains important data related to compatibility indicating, for example, that cartridge 102 is ready to be used quickly and "accurately" in the event of an emergency. Data related to compatibility includes, for example, data permanently stored in cartridge 102 in addition to the changeable usage data 118 described above with reference to FIG. 1. By outputting various types of data, for example, the likelihood of the medical treatment being performed successfully may be improved. In such an example or another example, the cartridge and / or the cartridge data related thereto are automatically and / or manually updated based on the use of the cartridge, so that even if the user is not aware that cartridge 102 has been used in the past, the inadvertent future use of a non-new cartridge can be prevented. In such an example or another example, the cartridge and / or the cartridge data related thereto are automatically and / or manually updated to prevent the inadvertent use of relatively old cartridges such as cartridges past their expiration date. By reducing the possibility of an inadvertently reused spent cartridge or minimizing the possibility that the user will later notice that a relatively old and / or previously used cartridge has been used, it may be possible to prevent future use of cartridges that may fail or be sub-optimal due to being relatively old and / or previously used.

[0199] As described above in this disclosure, the usage data 118 may be related to the cartridge 102 and / or the auxiliary devices inside it, but is not limited to such a mode. In some examples, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the usage data 118 is updated based on changes in one or more subsets of the cartridge data 116. This subset includes, for example, data pre-stored in the cartridge 102. For example, by using any of the pre-stored subsets of the cartridge data, the first use of the cartridge 102 can be enabled. For example, a pre-stored subset of the cartridge data is stored in the cartridge 102 when various processes are performed before the cartridge 102 is used by the user. In such an example or another example, a pre-stored subset of the cartridge data is stored in the memory 114.

[0200] In some implementations, a subset of the cartridge data pre-stored in the cartridge 102 is stored during various processes, and these processes are performed before the processes related to the user are executed. For example, each pre-stored subset of the cartridge data is stored during production, configuration, quality control, manufacturing, shipping, storage, procurement, inventory management, operation, various other types of processes, or any combination thereof.

[0201] In some implementations, the subset of the cartridge data pre-stored in the cartridge 102 includes one or more subsets of various types. In various examples, these subsets include a partial set of data that is permanently unchangeable (for example, data connected to the cartridge 102 and / or data stored and / or managed with read-only permissions). In various examples, this unchangeable data does not change from before the use of the cartridge 102 until the end of its life. For example, the unchangeable data is separately managed (for example, stored) in a different way from the usage data 118 that is managed as changeable data.

[0202] In some examples, one or more permissions (e.g., read-only permissions) are utilized to control access rights and / or modification rights related to immutable data. By restricting the operations of the cartridge 102 that can be used to modify a partial set of the cartridge data 110, a partial set of the cartridge data 110 can be protected. By protecting a partial set of the cartridge data 110, the cartridge 102 can be protected from unwanted tampering, unexpected changes, and / or accidental operations, thereby enabling the cartridge 102 to be verified as an accurate type of cartridge, a compatible cartridge, or a cartridge that meets one or more criteria related to production, manufacturing, design, maintenance, etc. By ensuring that important data has not been changed and / or tampered with, the likelihood of a successful medical treatment of the patient 106 by the user 112 can be improved.

[0203] In various examples, as previously described with reference to FIG. 1, one or more subsets of the component data are stored as immutable data. In these or other examples, the cartridge 102 is designed to include, for example, hardware and / or software that prevents modification of the immutable component data. In these or other examples, the hardware and / or software that prevents modification to the immutable component data is utilized to ensure that the immutable component data is not modified, to limit modification to the immutable component data, to make the immutable component data unmodifiable, or any combination thereof.

[0204] In various examples, a subset of the cartridge data 110 may include restricted data that may be separated from the usage data 118. The restricted data, for example, may be incommunicable. In some cases, the restricted data includes data specific to the cartridge 102, such as confidential data and / or security data. For example, the restricted data includes an identifier specific to the cartridge 102, and / or one or more portions of the cartridge data 110 that are incommunicable for maintaining the confidentiality of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400, and / or one or more portions of the cartridge data 110 that are unusable and / or not intended for one or more users of the external device. In some cases, the restricted data includes fully restricted data that is restricted from being transferred to the external device 120.

[0205] In such or other cases, the restricted data includes partially restricted data that is restricted from being transferred to one or more unknown external devices but is permitted to be transmitted to known external devices. For example, individual external devices 120 include unknown external devices and / or known external devices. For example, individual external devices 120 are those configured, pre-configured, designed, specialized, etc. as unknown external devices and / or known external devices. In various examples, known external devices include some type of device for which a password has been established between the device itself and the AED 400 as a known device. In some cases, the known external device includes software that communicates with the AED 400 (e.g., perhaps communication with an unknown user of the known external device and / or background communication) and automatically establishes communication from the AED 400 to the known external device or from the known external device to the AED 400 based on one or more requests sent by the AED 400.

[0206] In some cases, an unknown external device has not received communication authorization from the AED400. For example, the unknown external device sends a request to communicate with the AED400 and / or responds to one or more authorization notifications sent by the AED400. In some cases, the AED400 sends an authorization notification in response to receiving one or more requests from the unknown external device. In some examples, the unknown external device sends a connection request, which is processed by the AED400, and based on the confirmation (e.g., confirmation by password and / or security key via an authorization request to the AED400, etc.) provided by the unknown external device as authentication of the unknown external device for communication with the AED400, the verification of the unknown external device as a known external device is successful.

[0207] In various implementations, the unknown external device sends a connection request, which is processed by the AED400, and based on the fact that the confirmation (e.g., confirmation by password and / or security key) required for authorization of the unknown external device to establish communication with the AED400 is not provided by the unknown external device, the verification of the unknown external device ends in failure. As another aspect, or in addition to this, the AED400 identifies the unknown external device as not a known external device based on the fact that the authorization request from the unknown external device is omitted in response to receiving the authorization notification from the AED400.

[0208] In various implementations, to perform authentication, one or more communications are exchanged with the unknown external device via a first communication protocol. In some cases, based on the fact that the unknown external device has been verified as a known external device, one or more communications are exchanged with this known external device using a second communication protocol. For example, the first communication protocol includes the NFC protocol, and the second communication protocol includes a wireless protocol (e.g., a cellular protocol) and / or a Bluetooth protocol.

[0209] As described above in the present disclosure, the first communication protocol and the second communication protocol may include a plurality of types of communication protocols, but are not limited to such a manner. In various examples, for the purpose of implementing the technology described herein, the first communication protocol, the communication protocol, or any one or more other communication protocols related to any communication are utilized in the same manner as the first communication protocol and / or the second communication protocol.

[0210] The AED 400 ensures that only secure devices can establish communication by using authentication communication before enabling communication with unknown devices. In some cases, by restricting communication to only permit communication with known external devices, any unnecessary and / or other communication that may occupy the bandwidth and / or network resources / processing resources of the AED 400 with risks (such as the risk of being unable to perform medical treatment correctly) may be minimized and / or blocked.

[0211] In various examples, the usage data 118 is communicated using the same protocol as any one or more other cartridge data 116. In another example, the usage data 118 is communicated using a protocol different from any one or more other cartridge data 116. In some cases, the usage data 118 is communicated using a protocol different from all other types of cartridge data 116.

[0212] As described above in the present disclosure, the AED 400 and the external device may perform authentication communication, but are not limited to such a mode. In various examples, the AED 400 is used for communication with the external device 120 without performing authentication (for example, without exchanging authentication communication) (regardless of whether the external device is a known external device or an unknown external device). For example, the AED 400 and the external device exchange communications via a communication protocol based on one or more notifications (for example, one or more periodically transmitted notifications, for example, one or more pings, etc.) transmitted from the AED 400 to the external device 120 and / or via a communication protocol based on one or more requests transmitted from the external device 120 to the AED 400.

[0213] By enabling communication between the AED 400 and / or the external device 120 without performing authentication processing / authentication communication, data that may be important for medical treatment may be provided by the user 112 and / or other users (for example, medical technicians, doctors, medical staff other than doctors, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), other types of users, or any combination thereof) without causing interruption, delay, conflict, and / or failure of data communication.

[0214] In various situations, the AED 400 transmits one or more notifications (e.g., one or more notification signals) at any point in time to cause one or more notifications (e.g., one or more prompts and / or instructions) to be displayed on the external device 120. For example, the prompts and / or instructions include language indicating a portion of the usage data 118. In some cases, the prompts and / or instructions include language indicating that the notification is related to the AED 400. Such language includes, for example, the identifier of the AED 400 and / or language including a general description such as "AED data". In some cases, one or more subsets of some kind of software (e.g., one or more applications, one or more programs, etc.) being executed by the external device 120 are utilized to process the notification, receive and / or store a subset of the cartridge data 116 and / or sensor data related to the operation of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400, and / or present the received data and / or stored data via one or more displays of the external device 120.

[0215] In various situations, a subset of the cartridge data pre-stored in the cartridge 102 may further include a partially modifiable set, an augmentable partial set, an extensible partial set, an editable partial set, a changeable partial set in some way. Such partial sets, for example, the changeable partial set may include a part of the cartridge data 116 and may include all of the cartridge data 116. In such an example or another example, the changeable partial set of the cartridge data 116 includes changeable non-persistent data. The changeable data is stored and / or managed, for example, with read / write permissions.

[0216] In some cases, the update of a modifiable partial set of the cartridge data 116 is automated. For example, the hardware and / or software of the cartridge 102 automatically updates the cartridge data 110 at any time (e.g., before, during, or after use of the cartridge 102, as described in more detail above). This any time can be a designed time, a predetermined time, a pre-programmed time, some other kind of time, or any combination thereof.

[0217] In various examples, modifiable data includes one or more data subsets with various types of permissions (e.g., write permissions) granted thereto, and in addition to or as another aspect, one or more data subsets with read-only permissions granted thereto, and / or a subset of data that can be modified by one or more operations of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400. In some examples, either the hardware and / or software of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400 may enable the modification of a subset of data and be utilized to manage this subset of data as modifiable data.

[0218] In some examples, the cartridge data 116 includes data indicating that changeable data has been changed. For example, the cartridge data 116 includes one or more flags indicating that the changeable data has been modified, enhanced, extended, edited, changed, or any combination thereof in some way. In some cases, one or more flags and / or identifiers included in the cartridge data 116 indicate that a corresponding subset of the changeable data has been changed. For example, the output flags and / or identifiers are used to indicate that the data has been changed. In some cases, the identifier may include the corresponding past and / or current values of that data based on the change being executed. In some examples, the flags and / or identifiers are communicated and / or output visually / audibly via one or more notifications. The flags and / or identifiers are set and / or updated based on, for example, activation of the AED / cartridge, powering on of the AED / cartridge, triggers by various types of user input, periodic triggers, triggers by various types of communication, or any combination thereof.

[0219] As described above in the present disclosure, various sets / subsets and / or partial sets / subsets of the cartridge data 116 may be immutable, and / or various sets / subsets and / or partial sets / subsets of the cartridge data 116 may be mutable, but are not limited to such a manner. In some examples, at least one of the various immutable sets / subsets and / or partial sets / subsets of the cartridge data 116 can be changed to be mutable, and / or at least one of the various mutable sets / subsets and / or partial sets / subsets of the cartridge data 116 can be changed to be immutable. For example, data changed from mutable data to immutable data, and / or data changed from immutable data to mutable data (and, for example, data stored accordingly) are managed in various ways and, as will be described in more detail later, are managed, for example, based on changes in the settings of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400. In some cases, initial data (e.g., initial settings set before use) is stored by the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400 to manage some kind of data of the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 400 as mutable data or immutable data.

[0220] In various implementations, the automated management of cartridge data 116 stored as modifiable data includes all kinds of changes, for example, the modification of data by some method (for example, the change of modifiable data), enhancement, expansion, editing or alteration, or any combination thereof. The enhancement of data includes, for example, the change from the use of one type of data management to the use of another more elaborate and / or detailed type of data management, for example, the change from the management of usage status by check marks to the management of the number of uses. The expansion of data includes, for example, the change from one type of management to another type of management, for example, the management of usage status related only to the cartridge 102 to the management including the usage status related to various accessory devices. The editing of data includes, for example, the abolition of any type of management based on the change of settings, for example, after abolishing the management of the number of uses, only the management of usage status by check marks is performed.

[0221] In various implementations, the setting data may include override settings for changing non-modifiable data to modifiable data or for changing modifiable data to non-modifiable data. For example, the management of cartridge data 116 may include changing non-modifiable data to modifiable data or changing modifiable data to non-modifiable data. For example, the change from non-modifiable data to modifiable data or the change from modifiable data to non-modifiable data may be performed via the setting data. The override includes enabling the override.

[0222] In some examples, one or more overrides are performed by updating the configuration data. For example, such an update includes setting and / or changing the configuration data and one or more overrides. In such examples, one or more immutable subsets of the cartridge data 116 are overridden to be mutable, and one or more mutable subsets of the cartridge data 116 are overridden to be immutable. For example, the override is performed based on one or more acknowledgments received from the external device 120 and / or via one or more selections received via user input. For example, one or more immutable states of a subset of the cartridge data 116 are overridden in response to a corresponding notification that outputs (e.g., communicates and / or outputs visually / audibly) that the data is recorded as immutable.

[0223] As previously described in this disclosure, the usage data 118 may be managed as mutable data, but is not limited to such an aspect. In some examples, the usage data 118 managed as mutable data may be managed as temporary data. For example, the usage data 118 managed as temporary data may be stored continuously from the beginning and may not be changed. In some cases, the usage data 118 may be stored for a period shorter than the period during which the persistent data is stored and not changed, and may not be changed. In various examples, the usage data 118 may be stored for a period shorter than a threshold period and may not be changed.

[0224] FIG. 5 shows an example of a display 500 of an automated external defibrillator (AED). This display 500 includes a usage indicator 502 related to the usage of a cartridge removably connected to the AED. For example, the display (i.e., the "AED display") 500 is used for any implementation of the displays of the AEDs 104, 204, 306, and / or 308 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-4.

[0225] In some examples, display 500 includes a usage indicator 502 (e.g., one of the indicators described above with reference to FIG. 1), and the usage indicator 502 is used to present a usage value within usage data (e.g., usage data 118). For example, display 500 presents the usage value based on the AED being activated (e.g., being connected to a battery and / or being connected to a cartridge including a battery), and / or based on the power being turned on (e.g., powering on via activation of a power button, power switch, power slide, power toggle, other types of activation devices, or any combination thereof).

[0226] In some cases, display 500 presents the usage value based on the number of times the cartridge has been used as determined by the AED. For example, when using a new cartridge, display 500 presents the usage value as the numerical value "0", as indicated by "0" within the dashed ellipse in FIG. 5.

[0227] In some cases, the AED determines the usage value in various ways (e.g., by any of the processes and / or operations described above with reference to FIG. 1). For example, the AED detects that the cartridge is removably connected to the medical device and performs one or more operations to retrieve cartridge data 116 and / or the usage value within usage data 118. In some examples, the operations utilized to retrieve cartridge data 116 and / or the usage value are automatically performed in response to the AED detecting that the cartridge is removably connected.

[0228] In various implementations, the AED is utilized for patient treatment and updates the cartridge data 116 accordingly. For example, the AED sends a signal to the cartridge (e.g., via a specific path) to update the cartridge data 116 and / or the cartridge, and the usage status value in the cartridge is replaced with the numerical value "1". In such an example or another example, the AED presents the numerical value "1" instead of "0" in response to the update process of the cartridge data 116. For example, in response to the cartridge being removably connected and detected as removed, in response to the same cartridge being detected as removably reconnected, in response to the power-on and / or startup of the AED, or in response to various other processes that cause the presentation of the cartridge data 116 and / or the usage status value, or in response to any combination of these, the AED presents the usage status value as the numerical value "1".

[0229] In some cases, the AED and / or the cartridge perform a periodic inspection and / or a self-check. For example, the AED and / or the cartridge perform an inspection (i.e., "initial inspection") and / or a self-check (i.e., "initial self-check") at the first power-on and / or the first startup, and / or based on one or more selections that instruct the AED and / or the cartridge to perform an inspection and / or a self-check via user input. In such an example or another example, the AED and / or the cartridge identify that one day (e.g., 24 hours) has passed since the first date and / or the first time used for the inspection and / or the self-check using the current date and / or the current time. In these examples or another example, the AED and / or the cartridge perform an inspection and / or a self-check in response to identifying that one day (e.g., 24 hours) has passed since the first date and / or the first time used for the inspection and / or the self-check using the current date and / or the current time.

[0230] In various examples, inspections and / or self-checks are utilized to confirm the number of years of use of the cartridge 102. For example, the number of years of use indicates one or more periods until the expiration of the cartridge 102 (e.g., the period between the current date and / or current time and the expiration date and / or expiration time). In some cases, the current date and / or current time, etc., are compared with the expiration date and / or expiration time stored in the cartridge data to determine whether the current date and / or current time exceeds the expiration date and / or expiration time, thereby determining the number of years of use.

[0231] In response to determining (i.e., "recognizing") that the current date and / or current time exceeds the expiration date and / or expiration time (e.g., in response to recognizing that the number of years of use associated with the current date and / or current time, including the difference between the first date and / or first time at initial startup, etc., and the expiration date and / or expiration time, exceeds a threshold number of years), the AED outputs a notification (e.g., an alert). In various situations, the determination that the current date and / or current time exceeds the expiration date and / or expiration time is performed in various ways, e.g., by any type of trigger, startup, power-on, etc., utilized for any type of notification.

[0232] In some examples, the AED determines that the current date (e.g., a new current date) and / or the current time (e.g., a new current time) has elapsed one day (e.g., 24 hours) from a past date (e.g., a past “current date” and / or other past dates) and / or a past time (e.g., a past “current time” and / or other past times) used for an inspection and / or self-check. In these or other examples, in response to determining that the current date and / or the current time has elapsed one day (e.g., 24 hours) from the past date and / or past time used for the inspection and / or self-check, the AED performs the inspection and / or self-check.

[0233] As previously described in this disclosure, the inspection and / or self-check may be performed after one day and / or 24 hours have elapsed, but is not limited to such an embodiment. In some cases, the inspection and / or self-check is performed based on any date and / or any time, and / or any type of trigger, that can be set using configuration data (e.g., configuration data as discussed above with reference to FIG. 1).

[0234] Depending on various situations, the display 500 is used by the AED to present one or more indicators, and the one or more indicators include an electrode pad position indicator 504 that symbolically indicates one or more positions of electrode pads (e.g., electrode pad 110) on a patient's body. In some examples, the electrode pad position indicator 504 includes one or more portions (e.g., includes one or more geometric shape portions such as one or more square portions, one or more rectangular portions, one or more other portions of other shapes, or any combination thereof).

[0235] In some cases, the electrode pad position indicator 504 undergoes identification, determination, selection, modification, etc. from one or more indicators, or any combination thereof. For example, the electrode pad position indicator 504 may include an adult indicator, a pediatric indicator, an infant indicator (i.e., "infant indicator"), or any combination thereof. In some cases, the adult indicator includes portions indicating the attachment positions of one or more electrode pads on the body of an adult patient (e.g., a patient above the adult age threshold). The pediatric indicator includes portions indicating the attachment positions of one or more electrode pads on the body of a pediatric patient (e.g., a patient below the adult age threshold and above the infant age threshold), and / or the infant indicator includes portions indicating the attachment positions of one or more electrode pads on the body of an infant patient (e.g., a patient below the infant age threshold).

[0236] In some examples, among one or more groups of attachment positions related to adults, pediatric patients, and / or infants, each individual group includes different attachment positions. For example, the attachment positions related to adults and / or pediatric patients include the position directly below the clavicle on the right chest and the position below the left chest. In such an example or another example, the attachment positions related to infants include the position on the sternum at the center of the patient's chest and the position between the scapulae on the patient's back.

[0237] Depending on various situations, input / output operations (e.g., the input / output operations as described above with reference to FIG. 1) are performed to obtain data related to the patient's age (e.g., age according to the adult age boundary, age according to the pediatric age boundary, age according to the infant age boundary, etc.) and / or data related to the patient's age category (e.g., adult, pediatric, infant, etc.). This input / output operation is performed, for example, at startup and / or when power is turned on. The display presents one or more instructions indicating one or more inquiries asking about the patient's age and / or age category.

[0238] In some examples, the AED presents an adult indicator, a pediatric indicator, or an infant indicator as the electrode pad position indicator 504. The electrode pad position indicator 504 is presented as an adult indicator, a pediatric indicator, or an infant indicator in response to receiving one or more selections via user input indicating, for example, the age and / or age group of the patient.

[0239] As described above in this disclosure, one or more age ranges and / or age groups including adults, pediatric patients, and / or infants may be utilized, but are not limited to such embodiments. In some cases, the age range and / or age group may include any age and / or age group. For example, the age may include only age ranges other than infants and the age range of infants, and / or the age group may include only age groups other than infants and the age group of infants. In these examples or other examples, the infant indicator is lit to indicate that the cartridge 102 and / or the AED has been activated and / or energized for use (e.g., for use in outputting a voltage from the electrode pads 110 at a value corresponding to a value below the pediatric threshold).

[0240] In some examples, the age range includes an age range other than pediatric patients and the age range of pediatric patients, and / or the age group includes only age groups other than pediatric patients and the age group of pediatric patients. In these examples or other examples, the pediatric indicator is lit to indicate that the cartridge and / or the AED has been activated and / or energized for use (e.g., for use in outputting a voltage from the electrode pads 110 at a value below the adult threshold and / or above the infant threshold).

[0241] As previously described in this disclosure, the usage indicator 502 and / or the electrode pad position indicator 504 are utilized in various ways, but are not limited to such aspects. In some examples, the usage indicator 502 and / or the electrode pad position indicator 504 are automatically managed based on sensor data, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In these or other examples, the usage indicator 502 and / or the electrode pad position indicator 504 are automatically managed based on configuration data, identifier data, and / or other types of data, including cartridge data 116, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0242] In some implementations, for example, the output of the AED 104 regarding a new and / or unused cartridge 102 is used to assure the user 112 that the cartridge 102 and / or the AED 104 are immediately operable. In contrast to existing medical devices that cannot provide usage information regarding removable cartridges and have a relatively high likelihood of treatment failure and cannot assure the user that the removable cartridge is in a verified state (including usage), the cartridges and medical devices implemented by the techniques contemplated herein (including cartridge 102 and AED 104) enable the user 112 to treat the patient 106 using the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 in response to the verification that the cartridge 102 and the AED 104 are in an accurate and properly functioning state.

[0243] In some examples, the usage in the usage data 118 includes the usage of the cartridge 102 itself and / or the usage of the devices inside it. For example, the usage data 118 enables the AED 104 to report (e.g., communicate, present, visual and / or auditory instructions, or any combination thereof) that all sub-devices of the cartridge 102 are fully operable. The information reported by the AED 104 to the user may include information indicating that the cartridge 102 is fully operable, which may include that the battery 108 is fully operable (e.g., the battery 108 is fully charged) and that the electrode pads 110 are fully operable (e.g., the electrode pads 110 are unused). Based on the cartridge data 110, for example, simplified instructions may be presented by the AED 104 so that the user 112 can immediately confirm at a glance that the AED 104 is ready for use.

[0244] In these examples or other examples, the AED 104 may display the phrase "charged and unused" to indicate to the user 112 that the cartridge 102 is charged and unused (e.g., including that the battery 108 is charged and the electrode pads 110 are unused). For example, such an output (e.g., the phrase) enables the user 112 to confirm that the AED 104 is charged and unused, and in some cases, it is considered that the user 112 can treat the patient 106 at an appropriate speed and accuracy in response to a medical emergency. In some cases, through the output of information by the AED 104, since it can be confirmed that the cartridge 102 is charged and unused, it is considered that the user 112 can perform life-saving measures on the patient 106.

[0245] FIG. 6 shows an example of a method 600 of using a cartridge 102 removably connectable to an automated external defibrillator (AED) 104 for monitoring and treating the condition of patient 106. Cartridge 102 includes a memory 114 used to store cartridge data 116 associated with cartridge 202 as described above with reference to FIGS. 1-5.

[0246] At 602, AED 104 receives a signal identifying that a cartridge 102 including electrode pads 110, a battery 108, and a storage device (e.g., memory 114) is removably connected to a cavity of AED 104. In some examples, AED 104 with a removably connected cartridge is used to treat patient 106. For example, such treatment may include pacing pulses, electrical shocks (e.g., defibrillation treatment), mechanical chest compressions, assisted ventilation, or any combination thereof.

[0247] In some cases, the treatment includes a step of identifying that electrode pads 110 are affixed in the correct position based on one or more selections received via user input. The treatment may include, for example, setting a flag identifying that electrode pads 110 are arranged in the correct position (e.g., the first electrode pad is affixed to the chest of patient 106 and the second electrode pad is affixed to the central portion of the torso of patient 106).

[0248] In some examples, the treatment includes identifying that a flag has been set indicating that a first electrode pad is attached to the chest of patient 106 and a second electrode pad is attached to the central portion of the torso of the patient 106. In these or other examples, the treatment includes identifying features of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in response to the flag being set and / or the flag being identified as set. In these or other examples, the treatment includes analyzing an amplitude indicated by the features of the ECG and verifying that this amplitude exceeds a threshold. In these or other examples, the treatment includes controlling a display to illuminate an indicator in response to verifying that the amplitude exceeds the threshold, and user 112 references this indicator to cause electrical energy to be output through electrode pads 110.

[0249] At 604, AED 104 analyzes whether a signature transmitted by the signal and used to identify that cartridge 102 is unused (e.g., recognize that it is in an unused state) matches a value stored in the memory of AED 104. A usage value is identified based on the signature and used to illuminate a usage indicator.

[0250] At 606, in response to the analysis of the signature, AED 104 controls the display of AED 104 to switch the illumination of a portion of the display of AED 104 to illuminate an indicator symbolizing delivering an electric shock to the patient. For example, the usage indicator is illuminated as the number "0" based on cartridge 102 being unused.

[0251] FIG. 7 shows an example of a method 700 of using a cartridge removably connectable to an automated external defibrillator (AED) utilized to monitor a patient's condition and perform treatment. The cartridge includes a memory utilized to store usage data associated with the cartridge, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 - 5.

[0252] At 702, the AED 104 receives a signal at a first connector of the AED 104 removably connected to a first connector of a cartridge 102 that includes electrode pads 110, a battery 108, and a memory device (e.g., memory 114). In some examples, the first connector comprises a male connector or a female connector.

[0253] At 704, the AED 104 analyzes, in the signal, a value that includes an identifier unique to the cartridge 102 and a status indicating that the cartridge 102 is unused. In various situations, the status of the cartridge 102 is identified via a usage value.

[0254] At 706, the AED 104 lights an indicator (e.g., usage status indicator 502) on a display of the AED 104 that symbolically indicates that the cartridge 102 is electrically connected to the AED 104 and is unused. The cartridge 102 lights the usage status indicator 502 in response to determining that the power of the AED 104 has been turned on.

[0255] FIG. 8 shows an example of an external defibrillator 800 configured to perform the various functions described herein. For example, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 - 7, the external defibrillator 800 is utilized to implement the cartridge 102, the automated external defibrillator (AED) 104, or any combination thereof.

[0256] The external defibrillator 800 is removably connected to a cartridge (e.g., cartridge 102), and the cartridge includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) port 802 connected to a plurality of ECG connectors 804. In some cases, each ECG connector 804 is removable from the ECG port 802. For example, each ECG connector 804 is plugged into the ECG port 802. Each ECG connector 804 is respectively connected to each ECG electrode 806. In various implementations, each ECG electrode 806 is attached to different parts of a person 808. The detection circuit 810 is configured to detect the relative voltage between each ECG electrode 806. These voltages indicate the electrical activity of the heart of the person 808. In various examples, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, each ECG connector 804 and / or each ECG electrode 806 is used to implement each corresponding electrode pad of the electrode pads 110 individually or in combination.

[0257] In various implementations, each ECG electrode 806 contacts different parts of the skin of a person 808. In some examples, the first electrode of the ECG electrode 806 is attached to the skin between the heart and the right arm of the person 808, the second electrode of the ECG electrode 806 is attached to the skin between the heart and the left arm of the person 808, and the third electrode of the ECG electrode 806 is attached to the skin between the heart and the leg (left or right leg) of the person 808. In these examples, the detection circuit 808 is configured to measure the relative voltage between the first ECG electrode 806, the second ECG electrode 806, and the third ECG electrode 806. Each pair of ECG electrodes 806 is called a lead, and the voltage between each pair of ECG electrodes 806 is known as the lead voltage. In some examples, more than four ECG electrodes 806 are included. For example, a 5-lead or 12-lead ECG signal is detected by the detection circuit 810.

[0258] The detection circuit 810 includes at least one analog circuit, at least one digital circuit, or a combination thereof. The detection circuit 810 receives an analog electrical signal from the ECG electrode 806 via the ECG port 802 and the ECG lead 804. In some cases, the detection circuit 810 includes one or more analog filters configured to remove noise and / or artifacts from the electrical signal. In various examples, the detection circuit 810 includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The detection circuit 810 creates a digital signal indicative of the analog electrical signal from the ECG electrode 806. This digital signal can be referred to as an "ECG signal" or "ECG".

[0259] In some cases, the detection circuit 810 further detects the electrical impedance between at least one pair of the ECG electrodes 806. For example, the detection circuit 810 includes a power source that applies a known voltage across both ends of a pair of the ECG electrodes 806, or controls such a power source and detects the current generated between the pair of the ECG electrodes 806. The impedance is generated based on the applied voltage and the resulting current. In various situations, the impedance corresponds to the respiration of the person 808, chest compressions performed on the person 808, and other physiological states of the person 808. In various examples, the detection circuit 810 includes one or more analog filters configured to remove noise and / or artifacts from the resulting current. The detection circuit 810 uses the ADC to generate a digital signal indicative of the impedance. This digital signal can be referred to as an "impedance signal" or "impedance".

[0260] The detection circuit 810 provides the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal to one or more processors 812 within the external defibrillator 800. In some implementations, the processor 812 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), both the CPU and the GPU, or other processing units or components known in the art.

[0261] Processor 812 is operably connected to memory 814. In various implementations, memory 814 is volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.), or a combination of the two. Memory 814 stores instructions that cause processor 812 to perform various operations when executed by processor 812. In various examples, memory 814 stores methods, threads, processes, applications, objects, modules, other types of executable instructions, or combinations thereof. In some cases, memory 814 stores files, databases, or combinations thereof. In some examples, memory 814 includes RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or other memory technologies. In some examples, memory 814 includes a CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD), content addressable memory (CAM), or other optical storage device; magnetic cassette, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage device, or other magnetic storage device; or one or more of other media that can be used to store desired information and that is accessible by processor 812 and / or external defibrillator 800. In some cases, memory 814 stores at least temporarily the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal.

[0262] In various examples, memory 814 includes a detector 816 that causes processor 812 to determine whether person 808 exhibits a particular heart rhythm based on the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal. For example, processor 812 determines whether person 808 exhibits a rhythm that is shockable and treatable by defibrillation. Examples of shockable rhythms include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach). In some examples, processor 812 determines whether various types of rhythms (e.g., asystole, sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation (AF), etc.) are present in the ECG signal.

[0263] In some implementations, processor 812 is operably connected to one or more input / output devices. For example, as input / output devices, one or more input devices 818, one or more output devices 820, one or more other input / output devices, or any combination thereof may be included. Input device 818 and output device 820 function as an interface between the user and defibrillator 800 as a whole. Input device 818 is configured to receive input from the user (e.g., the user input described above with reference to FIGS. 1-7), and includes at least one of a keypad, cursor control, touch display, voice input device (e.g., a speaker), a tactile feedback device, and any combination thereof. Output device 820 is used for any output of external defibrillator 800 (e.g., the output described above with reference to FIGS. 1-7).

[0264] For example, as output device 820, a display, a speaker, a tactile output device, a printer, one or more indicators (e.g., one or more visual indicators), and at least one of any combination thereof may be included. In some examples, as the indicator, one or more liquid crystal display (LCD) indicators, one or more light emitting diode (LED) indicators, one or more organic light emitting diode (OLED) indicators, one or more other types of indicators, and any combination thereof may be included.

[0265] In various examples, the processor 812 causes an output device (e.g., the input device 818) to visually output the waveforms of the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal on a display. In some implementations, the input device 818 includes one or more touch sensors (e.g., one or more touch sensors as part of a touch screen, or one or more touch sensors (such as a capacitive touch sensor or an electromagnetic induction touch sensor, etc.) provided on a part of the AED 104 (e.g., a handle or a part of the housing, etc.), or any combination thereof), and the input / output device (e.g., the output device 820) includes a display screen, and the touch sensor is integrated into this display screen. Thus, in some cases, the external defibrillator 800 includes a touch screen configured to receive an input signal from a user and visually output physiological parameters such as an ECG signal and / or an impedance signal.

[0266] In some examples, the memory 814 includes an advisor 822, and when the advisor 822 is executed by the processor 812, it causes the processor 812 to generate advice and / or controls the output device 820 to output advice to a user (e.g., a rescuer). In some examples, the processor 812 provides an instruction to the person 808 to perform CPR or causes an instruction to perform CPR on the person 808 to be provided from the output device 820. In some cases, the processor 812 evaluates the CPR being performed on the person 808 based on the ECG signal, the impedance signal, or other physiological parameters, and causes feedback regarding the CPR to be provided from the output device 820 in the form of an instruction. According to some examples, when it is determined that an electrically shockable rhythm is present in the ECG signal, the processor 812 causes the output device 820 to output an instruction and / or a recommendation to deliver a defibrillation shock to the person 808.

[0267] Memory 814 further includes an initiator 824 that, when executed by processor 812, causes processor 812 to control other components of external defibrillator 800 to deliver a defibrillation shock to person 808. In some examples, when processor 812 executes initiator 824, a defibrillation shock is selectively delivered based on identifying that person 808 exhibits an electrically shockable rhythm and / or based on an input from a user (e.g., an input received by an input / output device (e.g., input device 818)). In some cases, processor 812 causes a defibrillation shock to be output at a particular time. This particular time is determined by processor 812 based on the ECG signal and / or impedance signal.

[0268] In various situations, memory 814 includes a usage selector 826 that, when executed by processor 812, causes processor 812 to identify usage data 118 based on an input signal received by input device 818. For example, a touch screen of an input / output device (e.g., input device 818) receives a signal indicative of cartridge data 116. In some cases, a microphone of the input / output device (e.g., input device 818) receives a signal identifying usage data 118 based on an audible command (e.g., one or more utterances of a user). For example, usage selector 826 causes processor 812 to identify usage data 118 by performing speech recognition on a signal indicative of an audible command. According to some implementations, usage selector 826 causes cartridge data 116 and / or any data related to the usage of cartridge 102 and / or AED 104 (e.g., usage data 118) to be displayed on a screen and / or enables a user to view, modify, and / or control cartridge data 116.

[0269] According to various examples, the processor 812 is operably connected to one or more position sensors 828. The position sensors 828 are configured to identify the position, movement, or orientation of the external defibrillator 800. For example, the position sensors 828 include a position information service circuit (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) circuit), such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) circuit configured to identify the position of the external defibrillator 800, an accelerometer configured to identify the acceleration of the external defibrillator 800, or a gyroscope configured to identify the orientation of the external defibrillator 800.

[0270] In various examples, the memory 814 further includes a settings selector 830. When executed by the processor 812, the settings selector 830 causes the processor 812 to identify and / or manage settings data (e.g., the settings data described above with reference to FIG. 1).

[0271] In some implementations, the settings selector 830 causes a settings menu to be output on a screen. For example, a user can view and / or modify any settings data from the settings menu.

[0272] Processor 812 is operably connected to a charging circuit 832 and a discharging circuit 834. In various implementations, the charging circuit 832 includes a power source 836, one or more charging switches 838, and one or more capacitors 840. The power source 836 includes, for example, a battery. Processor 812 initiates defibrillation shock by charging at least one of the plurality of capacitors 840 from the power source 836. For example, Processor 812 activates at least one of the charging switches 838 in the charging circuit 832 to complete the charging of the first circuit connected to the power source 836 and the capacitor. Next, Processor 812 discharges the energy stored in the charged capacitor from the discharging circuit 834 across a pair of defibrillation electrodes 842 in contact with the person 808. For example, Processor 812 stops the charging switch 838 to complete the first circuit between the capacitor 840 and the power source 836 and activates one or more discharging switches 844 to complete the second circuit connecting at least a part of the person 808 disposed between the defibrillation electrodes 842 and the charged capacitor 840.

[0273] Energy is discharged from the defibrillation electrodes 842 in the form of a defibrillation shock. For example, the defibrillation electrodes 842 are connected to the skin of the person 808 and are disposed at each position corresponding to different surfaces of the heart of the person 808 so that a defibrillation shock is applied across the heart of the person 808. In various examples, a large number of cardiac cells are depolarized in a short time by the defibrillation shock. The defibrillation shock prevents, for example, an electrically shockable rhythm (e.g., ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)) from spreading throughout the heart. In some examples, the defibrillation shock is 200 J or more in 0.015 seconds. In some cases, the defibrillation shock has a multi-phase waveform (e.g., a biphasic waveform). The discharging switch 844 is controlled, for example, by the Processor 812. In various implementations, the defibrillation electrodes 842 are connected to a defibrillation connector 846. In some implementations, the defibrillation connector 846 is connected to a defibrillation port 848.

[0274] According to various examples, the defibrillation connector 846 is removable from the defibrillation port 848. For example, the defibrillation connector 846 is plugged into the defibrillation port 848. In various examples, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, each defibrillation connector 846 and / or each defibrillation electrode 842 is used to implement each corresponding electrode pad of the electrode pad 110 individually or in combination.

[0275] In various implementations, the processor 812 is operably connected to one or more transceivers 850 that transmit and / or receive data on one or more communication networks 852. For example, examples of the transceiver 850 include a network interface card (NIC), a network adapter, a local area network (LAN) adapter, or a physical address, virtual address, or logical address for connecting to various external devices and / or external systems. In various examples, the transceiver 850 includes some type of wireless transceiver capable of wireless communication (e.g., radio frequency (RF) communication). For example, examples of the communication network 852 include one or more wireless networks with a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network, for example, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network (RAN) (e.g., via one or more LTE bands), a New Radio (NR) RAN (e.g., via one or more NR bands), or a combination thereof. In some cases, the transceiver 850 includes other wireless modems, for example, modems capable of connecting to WI-FI (registered trademark), WIGIG (registered trademark), WIMAX (registered trademark), BLUETOOTH (registered trademark), or infrared communication on the communication network 852.

[0276] The defibrillator 800 is configured to transmit and / or receive data (e.g., ECG data, annotation data, impedance data, data indicating one or more heart rhythms detected in person 808, data indicating one or more defibrillation shocks administered to person 808, etc.) to and / or from one or more external devices 854 via a communication network 852. Examples of external devices 854 include, for example, portable devices (e.g., mobile phones, smartwatches, etc.), IoT (Internet of Things) devices, medical devices, computers (e.g., laptop devices, servers, etc.), or other types of computer devices configured to communicate on communication network 852. In some examples, external device 854 is located at a location remote from defibrillator 800, such as a clinical site (e.g., a hospital) at a remote location. According to various implementations, processor 812 causes data to be transmitted from transceiver 850 to external device 854. In some cases, transceiver 850 receives data from external device 854 and provides the received data to processor 812 for further analysis.

[0277] In various implementations, the external defibrillator 800 further includes one or more housings, which include the housing of cartridge 102 and the housing of AED 104 (e.g., housing 856). For example, each housing at least partially surrounds any combination of other components of the external defibrillator 800. For example, housing 856 surrounds detection circuit 810, processor 812, memory 814, charging circuit 832, transceiver 850, or any combination thereof. In some cases, input device 818 and output device 820 extend through the wall of housing 856 from an internal space at least partially surrounded by housing 856. In various examples, housing 856 acts as a barrier against moisture, electrical interference, and / or dust, protecting various components within external defibrillator 800 from damage.

[0278] In some implementations, the external defibrillator 800 is an automated external defibrillator (AED) that can be operated by untrained users (e.g., bystanders or laypersons) and can be operated in an automatic mode. In the automatic mode, the processor 812 automatically identifies the rhythm of the ECG signal, makes a decision as to whether a defibrillation shock should be delivered, charges the capacitor 840, discharges the capacitor 840, or performs any combination thereof. In some cases, the processor 812 controls the output device 820 to output (e.g., display) a simplified user interface to an untrained user. For example, the processor 812 does not display the waveform of the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal on the output device 820 to an untrained user to simplify the operation of the external defibrillator 800.

[0279] In some examples, the external defibrillator 800 is a monitored defibrillator that can be used by trained users (e.g., clinicians or emergency responders) and can be operated in a manual mode or an automatic mode. When the external defibrillator 800 is operated in the manual mode, the processor 812 causes the output device 820 to display various information that may be meaningful to a trained user, such as waveforms indicating ECG data and / or impedance data, and notifications regarding detected heart rhythms. Exemplary Clauses 1: A system comprising a disposable cartridge, a sensor, and an automated external defibrillator (AED), wherein the disposable cartridge comprises a battery, electrode pads configured to be worn on a patient's chest, a memory storing an indication of the state of the disposable cartridge and the sensor is configured to detect the state of the disposable cartridge, the state including the charge level of the battery or the presence or absence of use of the charge by the electrode pads, The automated external defibrillator (AED) is configured to be powered by the disposable cartridge, and the AED includes a cavity configured to receive the disposable cartridge, a conductor configured to send a notification signal indicating the state of the disposable cartridge from the disposable cartridge, a measurement circuit configured to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient, a treatment circuit configured to output an electric shock, and a processor and, wherein the processor analyzes the state of the disposable cartridge to determine that the disposable cartridge is unused and ready for use, and in response to determining that the disposable cartridge is ready for use, electrically connects the measurement circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, electrically connects the treatment circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, and electrically connects the treatment circuit to the battery of the disposable cartridge is configured to be. System. 2: The system according to item 1, wherein the AED further includes a display configured to light an indicator indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused. 3: The processor receives communication from the disposable cartridge, and in response to receiving communication from the disposable cartridge, analyzes a flag of a default value indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused, and in response to the flag of the default value being analyzed, controls the display to switch to lighting an indicator symbolically indicating that an electric shock is to be given to the patient. The system according to item 1 or 2, further configured to be. 4: A medical device, a memory, a cavity configured to accommodate a cartridge including an electrode pad, a battery, and a storage device, a conductor configured to send a signal identifying that the cartridge is removably connected to the cavity, a processor configured to analyze that a signature transmitted by the signal and used to identify that the cartridge is unused matches a value stored in the memory, a display configured to switch on a part of the display to light an indicator symbolizing giving an electric shock to a patient in response to the analysis of the signature and including the medical device. 5: The medical device according to item 4, wherein the display is further configured to light a usage indicator of steady light indicating that a cartridge removably connected to the cavity is unused. 6: The medical device according to item 4 or 5, wherein the display is further configured to light a usage indicator of blinking light indicating that the cartridge has been used. 7: The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 6, wherein the type of the storage device includes a memory card, a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a micro secure digital (SD) card, an SD card, a compact flash card, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a smart card, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, or a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip. 8: The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 7, wherein the processor is further configured to receive an identification signal indicating a serial number of the cartridge from the cartridge. 9: A printed circuit board (PCB) is connected between a first surface and a second surface of the cartridge, The first surface and the second surface are connected by an adhesive via a seal portion. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 8. 10: Further including a transceiver, wherein the processor, stores in the memory of the cartridge, receives, via communication, an identifier indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad or the battery from the cartridge, analyzes the identifier, and controls the transceiver to transmit an alert in response to recognizing that the number of years of use exceeds a threshold. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 9, further configured as such. 11: The processor, receives an identifier indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad connected to the cartridge or the battery electrically connected to the cartridge, and controls to display an alert on the display in response to recognizing that the number of years of use exceeds a threshold. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 10, configured as such. 12: Further including a sensor configured to detect that the potential of the port has changed in response to the port of the cavity being connected to the pin of the connector of the cartridge, wherein the analysis of the signature includes analyzing the signature in response to detecting that the potential has changed. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 11. 13: A step of receiving a signal identifying that a cartridge including an electrode pad, a battery, and a storage device is removably connected to a cavity of a medical device, a step of analyzing that a signature transmitted by the signal and used to identify that the cartridge is unused matches a value stored in the memory of the medical device, and a step of controlling the display to switch the lighting of a part of the display of the medical device to the lighting of an indicator symbolizing giving an electric shock to a patient in response to the analysis of the signature. A method including 14. Further comprising the step of controlling the display to turn on a steady light usage indicator indicating that the cartridge is unused, the method according to claim 13. 15. Further comprising the step of controlling the display to turn on a blinking light usage indicator indicating that a cartridge removably connected to the cavity has been used, the method according to claim 13 or 14. 16. Analyzing an identifier received via a signal indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad or the battery, and Controlling a transceiver to send an alert in response to recognizing that the number of years of use exceeds a threshold The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising. 17. Sending a ping requesting a status of the characteristics of a waterproof cartridge, and Receiving a response confirming that the characteristics have been verified The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, further comprising. 18. Stopping receiving the signal, Setting a flag associated with the value and corresponding to a state indicating that the cartridge is unused, Receiving the signal, Identifying that the flag has been set in response to receiving the signal, and Controlling the display to turn on an alert in response to identifying that the flag has been set The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, further comprising. 19. The control of the display is Setting a flag identifying that a first electrode pad is attached to a patient's chest and a second electrode pad is attached to the central part of the patient's torso, Identifying characteristics of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in response to setting the flag, Analyzing the amplitude indicated by the characteristics of the ECG, A step of confirming that the amplitude exceeds a threshold value, and A step of controlling the display to turn on the indicator in response to confirming that the amplitude exceeds a threshold value The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, further comprising. 20: The control of the display is A step of setting the display to display that no mode is set, A step of receiving, via an input to the display, a selection to energize using a medical device for pediatric patients, A step of controlling the display to perform a display instructing attachment of the electrode pads to a pediatric patient, A step of identifying a change in potential indicating that the electrode pads have been attached to the pediatric patient, and A step of controlling the display to switch to lighting an indicator symbolically indicating that an electric shock is to be applied to the pediatric patient in response to identifying a change in potential indicating that the electrode pads have been attached to the pediatric patient The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, comprising. 21: A system including a disposable cartridge and an automated external defibrillator (AED), wherein the disposable cartridge A battery, Electrode pads configured to be worn on a patient's chest, A sensor configured to detect a value indicating that the battery or the electrode pads are unused, A memory for storing the value Including The automated external defibrillator (AED) is configured to be powered by the disposable cartridge, and the AED A first connector configured to accommodate a second connector of the disposable cartridge, A transceiver configured to receive a signal including the value from the disposable cartridge, A measurement circuit configured to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient, A treatment circuit configured to output an electric shock, A processor, and Including, The processor, By analyzing the value, it is determined that the disposable cartridge is unused and ready for use, In response to determining that the disposable cartridge is ready for use, Electrically connect the measurement circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, Electrically connect the treatment circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, Electrically connect the treatment circuit to the battery of the disposable cartridge It is configured as follows, System. 22: The AED further includes a display configured to light an indicator indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused, according to the system of item 21. 23: In response to receiving the signal, the processor Controls the display to switch to lighting an indicator symbolically indicating that an electric shock is to be given to the patient, Receives electrical activity through the electrode pads, In response to receiving the electrical activity, sets a flag indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused The system according to item 21 or 22, further configured as follows. 24: A medical device, A memory, A first connector configured to be removably connected to a second connector of a cartridge including electrode pads, a battery, and a storage device, A conductor configured to send a signal including an identifier unique to the cartridge and a state indicating that the cartridge is unused, A processor configured to store a value symbolically indicating that the cartridge is electrically connected to a medical device and unused, A display configured to turn on an indicator in response to the value being stored A medical device comprising: 25. The medical device according to item 24, further configured such that the display operates to stop the indicator in a blinking mode indicating that the cartridge has been used. 26. The medical device according to item 24 or 25, further comprising a cavity configured to accommodate the cartridge and having the first connector. 27. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 26, wherein the type of the storage device includes a memory card, a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a micro secure digital (SD) card, an SD card, a compact flash card, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a smart card, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, or a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip. 28. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 27, wherein the identifier includes a serial number of the cartridge. 29. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 28, wherein a printed circuit board (PCB) is connected between a first surface and a second surface of the cartridge, and the first surface and the second surface are screwed together via a non-adhesive and waterproof seal. 30. Further comprising a transceiver, wherein the processor receives, via communication, a value indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad or the battery from the cartridge, analyzes the value, and controls the transceiver to transmit an alert in response to recognizing that the number of years of use exceeds a threshold. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 29, further configured as such. 31: The signal includes a value indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad or the battery, The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 30, further configured such that the processor controls the display to display an alert in response to recognizing that the number of years of use exceeds a threshold. 32: Further including a sensor configured to detect that the potential of the port has changed in response to the port of the cavity being connected to the pin of the connector of the cartridge, The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 31, wherein storing the value includes storing the value in response to detecting that the potential has changed. 33: A step of receiving a signal identifying that a first connector of a cartridge including an electrode pad, a battery, and a storage device is removably connected to a first connector of a medical device, In the signal, analyzing a value including an identifier unique to the cartridge and a state indicating that the cartridge is unused, and A step of lighting an indicator on the display of the medical device that symbolically indicates that the cartridge is electrically connected to the medical device and is unused including a method. 34: The method according to item 33, further including a step of controlling the display to activate the indicator in a steady state mode indicating that the cartridge is unused. 35: The method according to item 33 or 34, further including a step of controlling the display to stop the indicator in a blinking mode indicating that the cartridge has been used. 36: The state includes a first state, The method is Analyzing a value indicating a second state of the electrode pad or the battery received via the signal, and In response to recognizing that the second state is unused, a step of not outputting an alert by the display or not transmitting an alert by the transceiver The method according to any one of items 33 to 35, further comprising 37: wherein the signal includes a first signal, the identifier includes a first identifier, the method comprises a step of stopping reception of the first signal, a step of setting a flag in response to stopping reception of the first signal, a step of receiving a second signal having the value, a step of identifying that the flag is set in response to receiving the second signal having the value, and a step of controlling the display to create an alert in response to the second signal being received and the fact that the flag is set being identified The method according to any one of items 33 to 36, further comprising 38: The method according to any one of items 33 to 37, wherein the identifier includes the serial number of the cartridge. 39: a step of transmitting a ping requesting a status of characteristics of a waterproof cartridge, and a step of receiving a response for confirming that the characteristics are verified The method according to any one of items 33 to 38, further comprising 40: The control of the display comprises a step of setting the display to display that no mode is set, a step of receiving, via an input to the display, a selection to energize using a medical device for pediatric patients, and a step of controlling the display to light an indicator indicating, by symbols, the positions where electrode pads are to be attached to a pediatric patient The method according to any one of items 33 to 39, comprising

[0280] Conclusion Features of the present disclosure, or methods or processes for appropriately obtaining the results of the present disclosure, which are expressed as specific forms or as means for performing the disclosed functions in the foregoing detailed description, the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, may be used separately or in combination to implement the present disclosure in various forms.

[0281] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, each implementation disclosed herein includes, consists essentially of, or consists of the specific components, steps, or parts described. Accordingly, the terms "comprising" or "including" should be interpreted to have the meaning of "including, consisting essentially of, or consisting of". The transitional phrase "comprising" means, but is not limited to, that, even if in large amounts, components, steps, materials, or parts not described are included. The transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes all components, steps, materials, and parts not described. The transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of the implementation of the present disclosure to the described components, steps, materials, or parts, and components, steps, materials, or parts that do not materially affect the implementation of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, the term "based on" is used herein in the same sense as the term "at least partially based on".

[0282] Unless otherwise indicated, in this specification and the claims, all numerical values representing amounts, properties, conditions, etc. shall, in all cases, be construed as being modified by the term "about". Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and the appended claims are approximate values that vary depending on the desired characteristics to be obtained by the present disclosure. Although not limiting the scope of application of the principle of equivalence of the scope recited in the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed at least in light of the number of significant digits reported and by performing normal rounding. More specifically, the term "about", when used with a recited numerical value or range, has the meaning reasonably construed by one of ordinary skill in the art, i.e., within a range of ±20% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±19% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±18% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±17% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±16% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±15% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±14% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±13% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±12% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±11% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±10% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±9% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±8% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±7% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±6% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±5% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±4% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±3% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±2% of the recited numerical value; or within a range of ±1% of the recited numerical value, indicating that the recited numerical value or range is somewhat more or less.

[0283] Numerical ranges and parameters indicating the broad scope of the present disclosure are approximate values and approximate ranges, although the numerical values described in the specific examples are reported as accurately as possible. However, all numerical values inherently include certain errors that necessarily result from the standard deviation associated with each test measurement.

[0284] In the description of the implementation of the present disclosure (especially in the description of the following claims), the articles "a", "an", "the" and similar designators are to be construed to include both singular and plural referents unless otherwise stated or the context clearly dictates otherwise. Numerical ranges set forth herein are intended to be a shorthand way of referring individually to each numerical value within the range. Unless otherwise stated, each numerical value is as if it were individually set forth herein. Unless otherwise stated or the context clearly dictates otherwise, any method described herein can be performed in any suitable order. The use of any examples provided herein, or the language used to provide examples (such as "etc.") is for the sole purpose of explaining the implementation of the present disclosure in detail and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Terms described herein should not be construed to indicate a component not recited in the claims that is essential to the implementation of the present disclosure.

[0285] The listing of alternative components or implementations disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting the invention. Members of each group may be individually recited in the specification or claims, or may be recited in the specification or claims in combination with other members of that group or other components described herein. For convenience and / or reasons of patentability, it is contemplated that one or more members of a group may be added to another group, or one or more members may be deleted from a group. When such additions or deletions are made, the specification includes groups configured to satisfy the description of all Markush groups recited in the appended claims.

[0286] Specific implementations are described herein, which include implementations that the inventors recognize as the best mode in carrying out the implementations of the present disclosure. Naturally, those skilled in the art will readily understand that they can make various changes to the implementations described herein by studying the foregoing detailed description. The inventors anticipate that those skilled in the art can appropriately adopt such variations, and also intend that the implementations of the present disclosure be carried out in manners other than those specifically described herein. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure includes, to the extent possible within the scope of the applicable law, any changes from the subject matter of the invention described in the appended claims and any equivalents of the subject matter of the invention. Further, unless otherwise stated or the context clearly dictates a different meaning, any combination of the foregoing components in any variations is also included in the implementations of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A system comprising a disposable cartridge, a sensor, and an automated external defibrillator (AED), wherein the disposable cartridge includes a battery, electrode pads configured to be worn on a patient's chest, a memory for storing an indication of the state of the disposable cartridge and, the sensor is configured to detect the state of the disposable cartridge, the state including the charge level of the battery or the presence or absence of use of the charge by the electrode pads, the automated external defibrillator (AED) is configured to be powered by the disposable cartridge, and the AED includes a cavity configured to receive the disposable cartridge, a conductor configured to send a notification signal indicating the state of the disposable cartridge from the disposable cartridge, a measurement circuit configured to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient, a treatment circuit configured to output an electrical shock, a processor and, the processor is configured to determine, by analyzing the state of the disposable cartridge, that the disposable cartridge is unused and ready for use, in response to determining that the disposable cartridge is ready for use, electrically connect the measurement circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, electrically connect the treatment circuit to the electrode pads of the disposable cartridge, electrically connect the treatment circuit to the battery of the disposable cartridge such that the system is configured as described above. System

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the AED further includes a display configured to illuminate an indicator indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused.

3. The processor is further configured to receive communication from the disposable cartridge, in response to receiving communication from the disposable cartridge, analyze a flag of a default value indicating that the disposable cartridge is unused, and in response to analyzing the flag of the default value, control the display to switch to illuminating an indicator symbolizing administering an electrical shock to the patient such that the system according to claim 1 is further configured as described above.

4. A medical device, comprising a memory, A cavity configured to accommodate a cartridge including an electrode pad, a battery, and a memory device, A conductor configured to send a signal identifying that the cartridge is removably connected to the cavity, A processor configured to analyze that a signature transmitted by the signal and used to identify that the cartridge is unused matches a value stored in the memory, A display configured to switch the lighting of a part of the display to the lighting of an indicator symbolizing giving an electric shock to a patient in response to the analysis of the signature A medical device including. **Claim 5** The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the display is further configured to light a usage indicator of steady light indicating that a cartridge removably connected to the cavity is unused. **Claim 6** The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the display is further configured to light a usage indicator of blinking light indicating that the cartridge has been used. **Claim 7** The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the type of the memory device includes a memory card, a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a micro secure digital (SD) card, an SD card, a compact flash card, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a smart card, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, or a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip. **Claim 8** The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to receive an identification signal indicating the serial number of the cartridge from the cartridge. **Claim 9** A printed circuit board (PCB) is connected between a first surface and a second surface of the cartridge, The first surface and the second surface are connected by an adhesive via a sealing portion, The medical device according to claim 4. **Claim 10** Further including a transceiver, The processor, Receives, via communication from the cartridge, an identifier stored in the memory of the cartridge and indicating the number of years of use of the electrode pad or the battery, and analyzes the identifier, Controlling the transceiver to send an alert in response to recognizing that the age of use exceeds a threshold The medical device according to claim 4, further configured as such.

11. The processor Receives an identifier indicating the age of use of the electrode pad connected to the cartridge or the battery electrically connected to the cartridge, And controls to display an alert on the display in response to recognizing that the age of use exceeds a threshold The medical device according to claim 4, configured as such.

12. Further includes a sensor configured to detect a change in the potential of the port in response to the port of the cavity being connected to the pin of the connector of the cartridge, The analysis of the signature includes analyzing the signature in response to detecting the change in the potential, the medical device according to claim 4.

13. Receiving a signal identifying that a cartridge including an electrode pad, a battery, and a storage device is removably connected to the cavity of the medical device, Analyzing that the signature transmitted by the signal and used to identify that the cartridge is unused matches the value stored in the memory of the medical device, and Controlling the display to switch the lighting of a part of the display of the medical device to the lighting of an indicator symbolizing giving an electric shock to the patient in response to the analysis of the signature A method including.

14. The method according to claim 13, further including controlling the display to light a usage indicator of steady light indicating that the cartridge is unused.

15. The method according to claim 13, further including controlling the display to light a usage indicator of blinking light indicating that the cartridge removably connected to the cavity has been used.

16. Analyzing the identifier received via a signal indicating the age of use of the electrode pad or the battery, and Controlling the transceiver to send an alert in response to recognizing that the age of use exceeds a threshold The method according to claim 13, further including.

17. Sending a ping requesting the state of the characteristics of the waterproof cartridge, and The step of receiving a response confirming that the characteristics have been verified The method according to claim 13, further comprising:

18. The step of stopping receiving the signal, The step of setting a flag associated with the value and corresponding to a state indicating that the cartridge is unused, The step of receiving the signal, The step of identifying that the flag has been set in response to receiving the signal, and The step of controlling the display to turn on an alert in response to identifying that the flag has been set The method according to claim 13, further comprising:

19. The control of the display includes The step of setting a flag identifying that a first electrode pad is attached to a patient's chest and a second electrode pad is attached to the central part of the patient's torso, The step of identifying characteristics of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in response to setting the flag, The step of analyzing the amplitude indicated by the characteristics of the ECG, The step of confirming that the amplitude exceeds a threshold value, and The step of controlling the display to turn on the indicator in response to confirming that the amplitude exceeds the threshold value The method according to claim 13, further comprising:

20. The control of the display includes The step of setting the display to indicate that no mode is set, The step of receiving, via an input to the display, a selection to energize using a medical device for pediatric patients, The step of controlling the display to display an instruction to attach the electrode pads to a pediatric patient, The step of identifying a change in potential indicating that the electrode pads have been attached to the pediatric patient, and The step of controlling the display to switch to lighting an indicator symbolizing giving an electric shock to the pediatric patient in response to identifying a change in potential indicating that the electrode pads have been attached to the pediatric patient The method according to claim 13, comprising:

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