Systems and methods for conveying complex medical device operation instructions

Abstract

To provide user interfaces that instruct untrained users how to operate medical devices.SOLUTION: An automated external defibrillator comprises a detection circuit, a treatment circuit, a screen, and a processor. The detection circuit is configured to detect an electrocardiogram (ECG) of a subject. The processor is configured to: cause the screen to illuminate a shock icon, illuminate a hands-off icon, and blacken a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) icon; in response to these, determine if the ECG is indicative of ventricular fibrillation by analyzing the ECG; cause the screen to illuminate a shock icon, blacken the hands-off icon, and blacken the CPR icon; in response to these, determine that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal; in response to the determination, cause the treatment circuit to output an electrical shock to pads; and, in response to the output, cause the screen to blacken the shock icon, blacken the hands-off icon, and illuminate the CPR icon.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 616,439, filed on December 29, 2023, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Background Art

[0002] Medical devices, for example, are configured to utilize complex technologies to monitor and / or treat patients. In some cases, such technologies are at least partially automated by the medical device itself. However, many medical devices are also manually operated. For example, the user physically connects the electrode pads of an AED to the patient before the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) is automatically analyzed by the AED and before defibrillation treatment is performed via the electrode pads. Therefore, there is a desire for a design of a medical device that can guide or instruct the user to perform various manual operations.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The various implementations described herein relate to an enhanced graphical user interface (GUI) that enables operation of a medical device by an untrained user. For example, implementations of the present disclosure enable operation of an automated external defibrillator (AED) or other emergency medical device by a person present at the scene without prior training.

[0011] Certain medical devices are operated by trained users such as clinicians and paramedics. However, some medical devices are designed to be operated by users without specialized training. Most of such medical devices are designed to provide treatment for medical emergencies outside of a clinical setting, for example. For example, AEDs are often installed in public areas outside of clinical settings so that they are accessible near people who have suffered sudden cardiac arrest or other diseases. Since AEDs are installed outside of clinical settings, it is less likely that a trained rescuer will be responsible for operating the AED. However, in an environment where there is strong stress to treat a person who has suddenly fallen into a medical emergency, it is difficult to recommend that an untrained user operate a medical device accurately, efficiently, and quickly.

[0012] In certain situations, medical devices with multiple functions (e.g., monitoring functions and treatment functions) may be designed with complex user interfaces. However, for untrained users, in operating conditions with strong stress, they may become flustered or panicked when dealing with a complex user interface, resulting in delays in the treatment of patients in medical emergencies. According to some studies, it has been found that for untrained users, even turning on the medical device can be difficult when trying to assist a helpless patient.

[0013] Various implementations of the present disclosure address such problems and other problems by providing an enhanced user interface that instructs untrained users on how to operate a medical device. As an example, the medical device of the present disclosure includes a display that selectively activates and deactivates various icons that guide the timing and functions of manual operation of the medical device of the present disclosure during the occurrence of an emergency. In certain situations, at a specific stage of operating the medical device, icons corresponding to instructions not relevant to that specific stage are actively hidden from the user's view. For example, the display visually presents the background color of the display in the area corresponding to the hidden icon. In some cases, as an example, the medical device of the present disclosure includes multiple icons corresponding to multiple input devices that cause the same or similar actions when activated by the user. For example, the medical device of the present disclosure may include multiple icons, and when any one of them is selected by the user, the medical device is powered on. Since the various techniques described herein can greatly simplify the operation of medical devices for untrained users, the delay until monitoring and / or treating a patient in a medical emergency can be shortened.

[0014] FIG. 1 shows an example of an environment 100 in which an enhanced instruction for operating a medical device 102 is provided from the medical device 102 to a user 104 for the purpose of monitoring and treating the medical condition of a patient 106. In various implementations, an example of the environment 100 is outside of a clinical setting. For example, the patient 106 may be in a medical emergency outside of a clinical setting (e.g., a hospital). As a specific example, the patient 106 may be a patient who suddenly collapses in a public area such as a school, an airport terminal, or an office building.

[0015] In some cases, the patient 106 is a patient who has suffered a sudden cardiac arrest. For example, the patient 106 may be a patient who has developed an arrhythmia that prevents the effective pumping of blood from the patient 106's heart to the rest of the body. As a result of the lack of oxygen-rich blood flow throughout the patient 106's body, there is a possibility that eventually hypoxic damage will occur in various tissues throughout the patient 106's body. In certain cases, the continued lack of blood flow may cause damage to the patient 106's brain and other vital organs necessary for the maintenance of life.

[0016] To avoid a serious and permanent disability occurring to the patient 106, the medical device 102 may be configured to perform procedures for monitoring and / or treating the medical emergency that has occurred to the patient 106. According to some examples, the medical device 102 is stored outside of a clinical setting. Thus, the medical device 102 may be used to provide rapid treatment to the patient 106 before the patient 106 is transported to a clinical setting (e.g., a hospital).

[0017] To treat patient 106 outside the clinical setting, medical device 102 is configured to be usable by an untrained bystander. In various examples, user 104 who operates medical device 102 is an untrained user. For example, user 104 may be a person who happens to be present when patient 106 experiences a medical emergency outside the clinical setting. In some cases, user 104 retrieves medical device 102 from a cabinet or other storage mechanism located outside the clinical setting and brings it to patient 106. According to some examples, medical device 102 is portable.

[0018] Medical device 102 provides instructions to user 104 for operating the medical device 102. Thereby, user 104 can perform complex procedures on patient 106 using medical device 102 without specialized medical care knowledge or experience. In some cases, instructions are provided by medical device 102 in a particular order and / or timing. The order and / or timing of these instructions may be triggered, for example, by a medical condition detected in patient 106. In some cases, the order and / or timing of the instructions is triggered by the operation of medical device 102 by the user. According to various examples, medical device 102 outputs voice instructions to user 104 that guide the use of the medical device 102.

[0019] At least some of the instructions are visually presented on the display 108. In various implementations, the display 108 may have a plain background color or a plain foreground color. For example, the display 108 may have a black background color or a black foreground color. In some examples, the display 108 is a touch screen. In various examples, the display 108 includes one or more touch sensors integrated into the display screen. Examples of touch sensors include, for example, pressure sensors, capacitance sensors (e.g., capacitive membrane sensors), resistance sensors, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the touch sensors within the display 108 are configured to detect a touch by the user 104 on the display 108.

[0020] For example, the medical device 102 visually presents a power icon 110 in a first region of the display 108. The first region of the display overlaps one or more first touch sensors. According to some examples, the medical device 102 is configured to turn on when the first touch sensor detects a touch signal from the user 104. In various examples, after powering on, the medical device 102 initiates a functional protocol that instructs the user 104 on how to set up the medical device 102 to monitor and / or treat the patient 106.

[0021] In some implementations, the power icon 110 is printed on the surface of the display 108 with an opaque ink so that it is always visible. In some cases, the power icon 110 lights up when the power of the medical device 102 is turned off. For example, when the power of the medical device 102 is turned off, one or more light sources (e.g., LEDs) integrated into the power icon 110 light up and / or blink periodically. In some cases, when the medical device 102 is immediately available (e.g., when the battery of the medical device 102 exceeds a predetermined charge level), the light source blinks in a first color, and when the medical device 102 is not available (e.g., when the battery is below the predetermined charge level), the light source may blink in a second color. For example, the light source may blink periodically when the power of the medical device 102 is turned off.

[0022] In some cases, the power icon 110 is visible only when lit by the display 108. In some implementations, the power icon 110 turns off when the power of the medical device 102 is turned on. In some cases, the power icon 110 lights up when the power of the medical device 102 is turned off. For example, the power of the medical device 102 may be turned off when a first touch sensor detects a touch signal from the user 104. In some examples, the power of the medical device 102 is turned off when the power icon 110 is selected by the user 104.

[0023] Medical device 102 visually presents a setup icon 112 in a second region of the display 108. In various examples, the setup icon 112 visually instructs the user 104 to connect the medical device 102 to the patient 106. For example, the setup icon 112 instructs the user 104 to apply the electrode pad 114 to the patient 106. In various cases, the electrode pad 114 includes electrodes configured to receive electrical signals indicative of the activity of the patient 106's heart. Further, the electrodes of the electrode pad 114 may be configured to output electrical signals (such as defibrillation electrical shocks or pacing pulses, etc.) to the patient 106's heart. In various implementations, the electrode pad 114 is configured to be worn outside the body of the patient 106. For example, the electrode pad 114 is configured to adhere to the skin of the patient 106. According to some examples, a biocompatible conductive adhesive is applied to the surface of the electrode pad 114, enabling a strong and sufficient electrical connection between the skin of the patient 106 and the electrodes of the electrode pad 114. In some examples, the setup icon 112 visually indicates to the user 104 the preferred application position of the electrode pad 114 on the chest of the patient 106.

[0024] The medical device 102 presents a first treatment icon 116 in a third region of the display 108. For example, the third region of the display 108 overlaps one or more second touch sensors. In various cases, the medical device 102 is configured to perform the preparation and / or output of the first treatment when the second touch sensor of the display 108 detects a touch signal from the user 104.

[0025] According to some examples, the medical device 102 prepares a first treatment by charging at least one capacitor of the medical device 102. Further, the medical device 102 may perform the first treatment in the form of one or more electric shocks via the electrode pad 114 by discharging the capacitor. In some cases, defibrillation of the patient 106 is performed by the first treatment. In some examples, the first treatment includes transmitting a pacing pulse to the patient 106.

[0026] The medical device 102 presents a second treatment icon 118 in a fourth area of the display 108. In various examples, the second treatment icon 118 instructs the user 104 to perform a second treatment. According to various examples, the second treatment is a manual treatment. For example, the second treatment may include the user 104 manually performing chest compressions on the patient 106. In some examples, the second treatment includes the user 104 performing assisted ventilation on the patient 106.

[0027] The medical device 102 presents a pause icon 120 in a fifth area of the display 108. The pause icon 120 visually instructs the user 104 to at least temporarily refrain from performing the second treatment on the patient 106, for example. For example, the pause icon 120 may be a "hands off" icon that instructs the user 104 to remove their hand from the patient 106's body surface. In various cases, the medical device 102 is configured to output an electrical signal (e.g., an electric shock or a pacing pulse) to the patient 106 when the pause icon 120 is activated. Thus, the pause icon 120 may prevent the user 104 from receiving the electrical signal output from the medical device 102.

[0028] In various implementations, medical device 102 selectively activates (e.g., displays) and deactivates (e.g., hides) various icons on display 108. In certain cases, medical device 102 deactivates at least some of the icons at a particular point in time so as not to cause a misunderstanding that would lead the user 104 to perform an inappropriate operation of medical device 102. According to some examples, medical device 102 deactivates at least some of the icons on display 108 by turning off these icons. In a specific example, medical device 102 hides at least some of the icons by displaying a background color or a foreground color at the position on display 108 corresponding to the icon to be hidden.

[0029] In various cases, the icons disabled by the display 108 of the medical device may not be noticed by the user 104. In some examples, the display 108 includes physical pixels, and these physical pixels are configured to emit light below a threshold value when corresponding to the disabled icons. For example, in some cases, the display 108 includes organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that do not emit light when disabled. In some cases, the icons of the display 108 include backlight icons that are selectively lit when activated. In some cases, the display 108 includes a light valve layer that selectively opens, so that the icons can be lit by the light emitted from the light-emitting layer of the display 108. In some examples, the display 108 includes active light-emitting elements that are selectively activated to light the icons. However, when the backlight icons are not lit, the user 104 may not be able to visually recognize the extinguished backlight icons. For example, the display 108 may include a coating that prevents the extinguished backlight icons from being visible to the user 104 by light reflection. In some cases, the coating is an anti-reflection film, for example, a thin film structure in which layers of materials with different refractive indices are alternately laminated. Therefore, this hidden icon is different from the conventional extinguished backlight icon whose extinguished form is visible.

[0030] In certain cases, the medical device 102 operates in various instruction modes, and one or more icons are selectively presented for each mode. In a first mode where the medical device 102 is stored (such as inside a cabinet), the medical device 102 may present one or more icons that allow the user 104 to activate the medical device 102. In a specific example, the power icon 110 is activated in the first mode. Further, in some examples, in the first mode, the first treatment icon 116 is also displayed. In the first mode, other icons such as the setup icon 112, the second treatment icon 118, and the pause icon 120 are hidden. In this way, the display 108 visually presents only a simplified and limited number of a series of icons that enable the user 104 to activate the medical device 102 without significantly diverting the user's attention.

[0031] The medical device 102 starts a second mode in response to the first touch sensor and / or the second touch sensor of the display 108 detecting a touch signal from the user 104. That is, the user 104 may activate the medical device 102 by touching or pressing the power icon 110 or the first treatment icon 116.

[0032] In a second mode that pre-activates the medical device 102, the medical device 102 may present one or more icons that allow the user 104 to prepare the medical device 102 and / or the patient 106 for patient monitoring and / or treatment. In various cases, the medical device 102 presents the setup icon 112. The medical device may hide one or more specific icons such as the power icon 110, the second treatment icon 118, and the pause icon 120 so that the user 104 is not confused. In some cases, the medical device 102 presents the first treatment icon 116. In some examples, the medical device 102 hides the first treatment icon 116 in the second mode.

[0033] In response to detecting an electrical signal from patient 106, medical device 102 may transition from a second mode to a third mode or a fourth mode. For example, medical device 102 may initiate the third mode in response to detecting that electrode pad 114 is placed on patient 106's chest. In some examples, medical device 102 determines that electrode pad 114 is placed by detecting the ECG of patient 106 via electrode pad 114. In some cases, medical device 102 transitions from the second mode to the third mode based on the analysis of the ECG. For example, medical device 102 may transition from the second mode to the third mode after determining that the ECG shows an arrhythmia without a QRS complex indicating normal sinus rhythm.

[0034] In some cases, medical device 102 may instruct user 104 to perform a second treatment on patient 106 in the third mode. For example, medical device 102 may activate the second treatment icon 118. In various cases, medical device 102 may hide the power icon 110, the setup icon 112, the first treatment icon 116, the pause icon 120, or any combination thereof in the third mode. By hiding various icons, medical device 102 may prevent user 104 from efficiently visually recognizing an instruction to perform the second treatment. Thus, the third mode of medical device 102 may shorten the time until user 104 starts chest compressions on patient 106.

[0035] In various implementations, medical device 102 transitions from the third mode to the fourth mode when a predetermined time has elapsed. For example, when a predetermined time (e.g., two minutes) has elapsed since entering the third mode, medical device 102 may automatically transition from the third mode to the fourth mode.

[0036] In various cases, the medical device 102 instructs the user to refrain from performing the second treatment on the patient 106 in the fourth mode. For example, the medical device 102 may activate a pause icon 120. On the other hand, in the fourth mode, the medical device 102 may disable at least one of the power icon 110, the setup icon 112, the first treatment icon 116, and the second treatment icon 118, or any combination thereof. In this way, the medical device 102 may prevent an untrained user 104 from performing the second treatment when the medical device 102 is in the fourth mode.

[0037] In some cases, the medical device 102 analyzes physiological parameters when the medical device 102 is in the fourth mode. For example, the second treatment may induce artifacts (e.g., artifacts due to chest compression, artifacts due to ventilation, or other types of artifacts caused by movement) in the data indicating the physiological parameters. The medical device 102 may improve the quality of the signal of the physiological parameters of the patient 106 detected by the medical device 102 by instructing the user 104 to refrain from performing the second treatment at least temporarily. In some implementations, the medical device 102 determines whether the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition that can be treated by the first treatment while the medical device 102 is in the fourth mode. For example, if the first treatment is an electric shock, the medical device 102 may determine whether the patient 106's ECG shows a shockable arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. If the first treatment includes pacing pulses, the medical device 102 may determine whether the patient 106's ECG, heart rate, or pulse rate shows bradycardia. In some cases, after determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, the medical device 102 prepares to perform the first treatment. For example, the medical device 102 may start charging the capacitor after determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition.

[0038] In various cases, when the medical device 102 determines that the physiological parameter indicates a medical condition treatable by the first treatment, it transitions from the fourth mode to the fifth mode. However, in some cases, the medical device 102 returns from the fourth mode to the third mode if it cannot determine that the physiological parameter indicates a medical condition, if it exceeds the threshold time (e.g., 30 seconds) of the fourth mode, if it has not completed preparations for performing the first treatment (e.g., if the capacitor is not fully charged to a predetermined amount), or in any combination of these cases. When the medical device 102 returns to the third mode because the preparations for performing the first treatment are not complete, the medical device 102 may continue to prepare for the first treatment while temporarily operating in the third mode, and may transition from the third mode to the fifth mode as soon as the preparations for performing the first treatment are completed.

[0039] In various examples, when in the fifth mode, the medical device 102 instructs the user 104 to start performing the first treatment. In various cases, if the patient 106 has a medical condition treatable by the first treatment, the patient 106 may be extremely vulnerable to treatment delays. Thus, in various implementations, the medical device 102 may present icons designed to quickly convey to the user 104 the need to perform the first treatment and the instruction to start performing the first treatment in a specific combination. In various cases, at least a part of the first treatment is performed by the medical device 102. The medical device 102 starts performing the first treatment, for example, in response to an input signal detected by the medical device 102 from the user 104.

[0040] The medical device 102 may activate the first treatment icon 116 in the fifth mode. In some cases, the medical device 102 highlights the first treatment icon 116. For example, in the fifth mode, the medical device 102 may brighten and / or flash the first treatment icon 116. According to various implementations, the medical device 102 hides all other icons except the first treatment icon 116, in particular. For example, in the fifth mode, the medical device 102 hides the power icon 110, the setup icon 112, the second treatment icon 118, and the pause icon 120. By means of the various techniques described in this embodiment, it may be possible to prevent the user 104 from misunderstanding the urgent recommendation that the first treatment should be performed in the fifth mode.

[0041] In various implementations, in response to a touch sensor overlapping the first treatment icon 116 detecting an input signal (e.g., a touch) from the user 104, the medical device 102 transitions to the sixth mode. In various cases, in the sixth mode, the medical device 102 instructs the user 104 to refrain from touching the patient 106. For example, the medical device 102 may activate the pause icon 120. In some implementations, the medical device 102 outputs to the user 104 other signals (e.g., voice commands, etc.) instructing the user 104 to refrain from touching the patient 106. In various cases, the medical device 102 outputs the first treatment to the patient 106. For example, the medical device 102 outputs at least one electrical shock to the electrode pads 114.

[0042] Figure 2 is a diagram of an example of the AED 200 with an enhanced user interface. For example, the AED 200 includes a defibrillation icon 202 and a power icon 204. In some implementations, the AED 200 corresponds to the medical device 102, the defibrillation icon 202 corresponds to the first treatment icon 116, and the power icon 204 corresponds to the power icon 110. In various implementations, Figure 2 shows the AED 200 stored long-term, such as within a cabinet. For example, the AED 200 may be activated when the user touches the defibrillation icon 202 or the power icon 204. That is, even when the AED 200 is in the storage location, by activating the power icon 204, the user may activate the AED 200 without touching the power icon 204.

[0043] Figures 3A - 3E show various modes of the AED with an enhanced user interface. In various implementations, the AED shown in Figures 3A - 3E corresponds to the medical device 102 described above with reference to Figure 1.

[0044] Figure 3A shows the mode in which the AED is activated. In this mode, the pediatric switch icon and the language switch icon are activated on the AED display. For example, the pediatric switch icon enables the AED to monitor and / or treat pediatric patients (e.g., those below the threshold age) or adult patients (patients not corresponding to pediatric patients). In various cases, the language switch icon allows the selection of the language when instructions are output from the AED. For example, after the language is selected, the AED may output audible commands in the selected language. In various cases, the AED selects the pediatric mode and / or language based on the detection of one or more touch signals from the user by a touch sensor overlapping the pediatric switch icon and a touch sensor overlapping the language switch icon. In the mode shown in Figure 3A, the AED further activates the power icon and the defibrillation icon. However, in some implementations, since the power icon is deactivated when the AED is powered on, the power icon in this mode is deactivated.

[0045] Figure 3B shows the mode in which the AED instructs the user to connect the AED to the patient. In this mode, the AED activates an icon that instructs the user to attach electrode pads to specific physiological regions of the patient. In this mode, the power icon and the defibrillation icon remain activated. However, in some implementations, since the power icon is deactivated when the AED is powered on, the power icon in this mode is deactivated.

[0046] Figure 3C shows the mode in which the AED gives instructions to the user so as not to perform chest compressions on the patient. In this mode, the AED activates a pause icon that illustrates not touching the patient. In this mode, the AED continues to display the power icon and the defibrillation icon. The AED may analyze the patient's ECG based on the electrical signals detected from the electrode pads when implementing this mode. In some implementations, since the power icon is deactivated when the AED is powered on, the power icon in this mode is deactivated.

[0047] Figure 3D shows the mode in which the AED gives instructions to the user to start performing defibrillation treatment. In this mode, the AED deactivates all icons except the defibrillation icon. In some cases, the defibrillation icon blinks in this mode. The AED may output an electric shock to the electrode pads after one or more touch sensors overlapping the defibrillation icon detect a touch signal from the user. In this mode, the power icon is deactivated.

[0048] Figure 3E shows the mode in which the AED gives instructions to the user to start chest compressions. In this mode, the AED activates the chest compression icon. In this mode, the defibrillation icon and the power icon remain activated. In some implementations, since the power icon is deactivated when the AED is powered on, the power icon in this mode is deactivated.

[0049] Figure 4 shows an example of a process 400 that provides an enhanced user interface for guiding the user in operating a medical device. The process 400 may be executed by an entity including a medical device (e.g., medical device 102), a defibrillator (e.g., the AED of FIG. 2 and / or the AED of FIGS. 3A - 3E), a ventilator, a mechanical chest compression device, at least one processor, a computer device, and a display (e.g., display 108), or any combination thereof.

[0050] At 402, the entity activates a first treatment icon and a pause icon. In various cases, the first treatment icon includes a command, instruction, or suggestion to perform a first treatment on the subject. In various cases, the first treatment corresponds to a treatment performed by a medical device, such as a medical device included in the entity. Examples of the first treatment include, for example, pacing pulses, electric shocks (e.g., defibrillation treatment), mechanical chest compressions, or assisted ventilation. The pause icon includes, for example, a command, instruction, or suggestion to refrain from performing a second treatment on the subject. The second treatment corresponds to a treatment performed by a rescuer. For example, the second treatment may include manual chest compressions, manual assisted ventilation, administration of drugs, or any combination thereof.

[0051] According to various examples, the entity activates the first treatment icon and the pause icon by lighting up the first treatment icon and the pause icon on the display. In some cases, the display is a screen integrated with one or more touch sensors. For example, when the first treatment icon is activated, the first treatment icon is overlaid on a touch sensor (e.g., a pressure sensor and / or a capacitance sensor) on the screen. In some examples, the first treatment icon and the pause icon are in a shape illuminated by a backlight on the display. According to some implementations, the first treatment icon and the pause icon are not visible on the display before activation. For example, when the first treatment icon and the pause icon are not activated, the areas corresponding to the first treatment icon and the pause icon display the background color or foreground color of the display.

[0052] At 404, the entity invalidates the second treatment icon. The second treatment icon includes, for example, a command, instruction, or proposal to perform a second treatment on the subject. When the second treatment icon is invalidated, it is not visible on the display. For example, when the second treatment icon is invalidated, the area on the display corresponding to the second treatment icon matches the background color or foreground color of the display. If the background color or foreground color is black, the entity may darken the area corresponding to the second treatment icon. In some cases, when the second treatment icon is invalidated, the backlight corresponding to the second treatment icon does not output light.

[0053] At 406, the entity determines that the subject's physiological parameter indicates a medical condition. In various cases, the entity includes a sensor configured to detect the physiological parameter. Examples of physiological parameters include, for example, ECG, heart rate, pulse rate, blood flow velocity through at least one blood vessel of the subject, capnograph, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal oxygen, blood oxygen concentration (e.g., pulse oximetry), blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, or any combination thereof. The entity creates, for example, data indicating the physiological parameter and analyzes this data to identify the medical condition. The medical condition may include, for example, ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the medical condition is detected by determining that the physiological parameter is outside a predetermined range. For example, the entity determines that the physiological parameter remains above a first threshold or below a second threshold for a threshold time (e.g., 30 seconds or 1 minute). Depending on various cases, the medical condition is treatable by a first treatment.

[0054] At 408, the entity activates the first treatment icon and deactivates the pause icon and the second treatment icon. For example, the entity lights up the first treatment icon and turns off the pause icon and the second icon. In some implementations, at 408, the only icon activated on the entity's display is the first treatment icon. For example, any other icons that are activated on the display at other times (e.g., setup icon, language selection icon, pediatric mode icon, power icon, etc.) are deactivated at 408. According to some examples, the display activates only the first treatment icon on the display. For example, at 408, the areas corresponding to the other icons display a background color or a foreground color. Thus, when the first treatment icon is activated at 408, the user is not distracted by other icons, instructions, or other shapes. According to some examples, further, the entity performs the first treatment in response to detecting a touch at a pressure sensor that overlaps the first treatment icon on the display.

[0055] FIG. 5 shows an example of another process 500 that provides an enhanced user interface for guiding a user in operating a medical device. Process 500 may be performed by an entity that includes a medical device (e.g., medical device 102), a defibrillator (e.g., the AED of FIG. 2 and / or the AEDs of FIGS. 3A - 3E), a ventilator, a mechanical chest compression device, at least one processor, a computer device, and a display (e.g., display 108), or any combination thereof.

[0056] At 502, the entity activates a treatment icon. In various cases, the treatment icon includes a command, instruction, or proposal to perform a first treatment on the subject. In various cases, the first treatment corresponds to a treatment performed by a medical device, such as a medical device included in the entity. Examples of treatments include, for example, pacing pulses, electric shocks (e.g., defibrillation treatment), mechanical chest compressions, or assisted ventilation. In various cases, the treatment icon is placed at the center of the display. At 502, the entity may activate a power icon.

[0057] In various implementations, the treatment icon and the power icon are visual icons output on the display of the medical device. In some cases, the display is a screen integrated with one or more touch sensors. The treatment icon, for example, overlaps with a first touch sensor. The power icon, for example, overlaps with a second touch sensor. When the treatment icon and the power icon are activated, the treatment icon and the power icon may be lit on the display or visualized on the display in other ways. In various cases, the entity executes 502 during long-term storage of the medical device. For example, when the entity executes 502, the medical device enters a power-saving state. In some examples, when the entity executes 502, the battery of the medical device is disconnected from the physiological sensors of the medical device.

[0058] At 504, the entity deactivates the indication icon. According to various implementations, at 504, the indication icon is turned off on the display. For example, the area on the display corresponding to the indication icon may be the background color or foreground color of the display. If the background color or foreground color is black, the entity may darken the area on the display corresponding to the indication icon. In various cases, the indication icon is an icon illuminated by a backlight, and the light configured to turn on the indication icon is turned off at 504. In various cases, the indication icon includes an instruction to connect a medical device to the subject, an instruction to perform another treatment on the subject, or an instruction to refrain from performing another treatment on the subject at least temporarily. For example, the indication icon may include an instruction to connect electrode pads to the subject's chest.

[0059] At 506, the entity detects a user input signal. According to various implementations, the user input signal is detected by a first touch sensor overlapping the treatment icon or a second touch sensor overlapping the power icon. In various implementations, when the entity detects a user input signal, the entity transitions from the storage mode to the active mode. Thus, the user may turn on the medical device by activating the treatment icon or the power icon.

[0060] At 508, the entity activates the treatment icon and the indication icon. Depending on various cases, the entity turns on the power icon, the treatment icon, and the indication icon. In some implementations, the entity then monitors the subject and / or performs a treatment on the subject. In some examples, the power icon is deactivated at 508.

[0061] FIG. 6 shows an example of an external defibrillator 600 configured to perform the various functions described herein. For example, the external defibrillator 600 is the medical device 102 described above with reference to FIG. 1.

[0062] The external defibrillator 600 includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) port 602 connected to a plurality of ECG leads 604. In some cases, each ECG lead 604 is removable from the ECG port 602. For example, each ECG lead 604 is plugged into the ECG port 602. Each ECG lead 604 is respectively connected to each ECG electrode 606. In various implementations, each ECG electrode 606 is attached to a different part of the person 608. The detection circuit 610 is configured to detect the relative voltage between each ECG electrode 606. These voltages indicate the electrical activity of the heart of the person 608.

[0063] In various implementations, each ECG electrode 606 contacts a different part of the skin of the person 608. In some examples, the first electrode of the ECG electrode 606 is affixed to the skin between the heart of the person 608 and the right arm, the second electrode of the ECG electrode 606 is affixed to the skin between the heart of the person 608 and the left arm, and the third electrode of the ECG electrode 606 is affixed to the skin between the heart of the person 608 and the leg (left or right leg). In these examples, the detection circuit 610 is configured to measure the relative voltage between the first ECG electrode 606, the second ECG electrode 606, and the third ECG electrode 606. Each pair of ECG electrodes 606 is called a "lead", and the voltage between each pair of ECG electrodes 606 is known as the "lead voltage". In some examples, more than four ECG electrodes 606 are included. For example, a 5-lead or 12-lead ECG signal is detected by the detection circuit 610.

[0064] The detection circuit 610 includes at least one analog circuit, at least one digital circuit, or a combination thereof. The detection circuit 610 receives an analog electrical signal from the ECG electrode 606 via the ECG port 602 and the ECG lead 604. In some cases, the detection circuit 610 includes one or more analog filters configured to remove noise and / or artifacts from the electrical signal. In various examples, the detection circuit 610 includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The detection circuit 610 creates a digital signal indicative of the analog electrical signal from the ECG electrode 606. This digital signal can be referred to as the "ECG signal" or "ECG".

[0065] In some cases, the detection circuit 610 further detects the electrical impedance between at least one pair of the ECG electrodes 606. For example, the detection circuit 610 includes a power source that applies a known voltage (or current) across both ends of a pair of the ECG electrodes 606, or controls such a power source and detects the current (or voltage) generated between a pair of the ECG electrodes 606. The impedance is generated based on the applied signal (voltage or current) and the resulting signal (current or voltage). In various cases, the impedance corresponds to the respiration of the person 608, chest compressions performed on the person 608, and other physiological states of the person 608. In various examples, the detection circuit 610 includes one or more analog filters configured to remove noise and / or artifacts from the resulting signal. The detection circuit 610 uses the ADC to generate a digital signal indicative of the impedance. This digital signal can be referred to as the "impedance signal" or "impedance".

[0066] The detection circuit 610 provides the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal to one or more processors 612 within the external defibrillator 600. In some implementations, the processor 612 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), both the CPU and the GPU, or other processing units or components known in the art.

[0067] Processor 612 is operably connected to memory 614. In various implementations, memory 614 is volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.), or a combination of the two. Memory 614 stores instructions that cause processor 612 to perform various operations when executed by processor 612. In various examples, memory 614 stores methods, threads, processes, applications, objects, modules, other types of executable instructions, or combinations thereof. In some cases, memory 614 stores files, databases, or combinations thereof. In some examples, memory 614 includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or other memory technologies. In some examples, memory 614 includes one or more of CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD), content addressable memory (CAM), or other optical storage devices; magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage devices, or other magnetic storage devices; or other media that can be used to store desired information and are accessible by processor 612 and / or external defibrillator 600. In some cases, memory 614 stores at least temporarily the ECG signal and / or the impedance signal.

[0068] In various examples, memory 614 includes a detector 616 that causes processor 612 to determine whether person 608 exhibits a particular heart rhythm based on an ECG signal and / or an impedance signal. For example, processor 612 determines whether person 608 exhibits a rhythm that is shockable and treatable by defibrillation. Examples of shockable rhythms include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). In some examples, processor 612 determines whether various types of rhythms (e.g., asystole, sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation (AF), etc.) are present in the ECG signal.

[0069] Processor 612 is operably connected to one or more input devices 618 and one or more output devices 620. Input device 618 and output device 620 together function as an interface between the user and defibrillator 600. Input device 618 is configured to receive input from the user and includes at least one of a keypad, cursor control, touch display, voice input device (e.g., speaker), tactile feedback device, and any combination thereof. Output device 620 includes at least one of a display, speaker, tactile output device, printer, or any combination thereof. In various examples, processor 612 causes input device 618 to visually output the waveform of the ECG signal and / or the waveform of the impedance signal on the display. In some implementations, input device 618 includes one or more touch sensors, output device 620 includes a display screen, and the touch sensors are integrated into the display screen. Thus, in some cases, external defibrillator 600 includes a screen configured to visually output physiological parameters such as an ECG signal and / or an impedance signal. In some cases, the screen is integrated with one or more touch sensors configured to receive user input signals.

[0070] In some implementations, the output device 620 includes a display that visually presents an enhanced user interface that guides the operation of the defibrillator 600 to a user who has not received training. For example, the processor 612 may execute instructions to activate and deactivate various icons from the display that give instructions to the user. Icons corresponding to instructions not related to the operation steps of the defibrillator 600 at that point in time are deactivated, and icons corresponding to instructions related to the operation steps of the defibrillator 600 at that point in time are activated. In some cases, the deactivated icons are not noticed by the user. Thus, deactivation of the icons can prevent the user's attention from being diverted.

[0071] In some examples, the memory 614 includes an advisor 623 that, when executed by the processor 612, causes the processor 612 to create advice and / or control the output device 620 by the processor 612 to output that advice to the user (e.g., rescuer). In some examples, the processor 612 provides an instruction to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the person 608 or causes an instruction to perform CPR on the person 608 to be provided from the output device 620. In some cases, the processor 612 evaluates the CPR being performed on the person 608 based on an ECG signal, an impedance signal, or other physiological parameters and causes feedback regarding the CPR to be provided from the output device 620 in the form of an instruction. According to some examples, the processor 612 causes an instruction and / or recommendation to deliver a defibrillation shock to the person 608 to be output from the output device 620 when an electrically shockable rhythm is identified in the ECG signal.

[0072] Memory 614 further includes an initiator 624 that, when executed by processor 612, causes processor 612 to control other components of external defibrillator 600 to deliver a defibrillation shock to person 608. In some examples, processor 612 executes initiator 624 to selectively deliver a defibrillation shock based on identifying that person 608 exhibits a shockable rhythm and / or based on input from a user (e.g., input received by input device 618). In some cases, processor 612 causes a defibrillation shock to be output at a particular time. This particular time is determined by processor 612 based on the ECG signal and / or impedance signal.

[0073] Processor 612 is operably connected to a charging circuit 622 and a discharging circuit 625. In various implementations, charging circuit 622 includes a power source 626, one or more charging switches 628, and one or more capacitors 630. Power source 626 includes, for example, a battery. Processor 612 initiates a defibrillation shock by causing at least one of a plurality of capacitors 630 to be charged from power source 626. For example, processor 612 activates at least one of charging switches 628 in charging circuit 622 to complete charging of a first circuit connected to power source 626 and a capacitor. Next, processor 612 causes the energy stored in the charged capacitor to be discharged from discharging circuit 625 across a pair of defibrillation electrodes 634 in contact with person 608. For example, processor 612 stops charging switch 628 to complete the first circuit between capacitor 630 and power source 626 and activates one or more discharging switches 632 to complete a second circuit connecting at least a portion of person 608 disposed between defibrillation electrodes 634 and charged capacitor 630.

[0074] Energy is discharged from the defibrillation electrodes 634 in the form of a defibrillation shock. For example, the defibrillation electrodes 634 are connected to the skin of the person 608 and are arranged at each position corresponding to different surfaces of the heart of the person 608 such that the defibrillation shock is applied across the heart of the person 608. In various examples, a large number of cardiac cells are depolarized in a short time by the defibrillation shock. The defibrillation shock prevents, for example, an electrically shockable rhythm (e.g., ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT)) from propagating throughout the heart. In some examples, the defibrillation shock is 200 J or more for about 0.015 seconds. In some cases, the defibrillation shock has a multi-phase waveform (e.g., a biphasic waveform). The discharge switch 632 is controlled, for example, by the processor 612. In various implementations, the defibrillation electrodes 634 are connected to the defibrillation leads 636. In some implementations, the defibrillation leads 636 are connected to the defibrillation ports 638. According to various examples, the defibrillation leads 636 are removable from the defibrillation ports 638. For example, the defibrillation leads 636 are plugged into the defibrillation ports 638.

[0075] In various implementations, the processor 612 is operatively connected to one or more transceivers 640 that send and / or receive data on one or more communication networks 642. For example, examples of the transceiver 640 include a network interface card (NIC), a network adapter, a local area network (LAN) adapter, or a physical address, virtual address, or logical address for connecting to various external devices and / or external systems. In various examples, the transceiver 640 includes some type of wireless transceiver capable of wireless communication (e.g., radio frequency (RF) communication). For example, examples of the communication network 642 include one or more wireless networks with a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network, for example, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network (RAN) (e.g., via one or more LTE bands), a New Radio (NR) RAN (e.g., via one or more NR bands), or a combination thereof. In some cases, the transceiver 640 includes other wireless modems, for example, a modem capable of connecting to WI-FI®, WIGIG®, WIMAX®, BLUETOOTH® or infrared communication on the communication network 642, and the like.

[0076] Defibrillator 600 is configured to send and / or receive data (e.g., ECG data, impedance data, data indicating one or more heart rhythms detected in person 608, data indicating one or more defibrillation shocks administered to person 608, etc.) to and from one or more external devices 644 via communication network 642. Examples of external devices 644 include, for example, portable devices (e.g., mobile phones, smartwatches, etc.), IoT (Internet of Things) devices, medical devices, computers (e.g., laptop devices, servers, etc.), or other types of computer devices configured to communicate on communication network 642. In some examples, external device 644 is located at a location remote from defibrillator 600, such as a clinical site (e.g., a hospital) at a remote location. According to various implementations, processor 612 causes data to be transmitted from transceiver 640 to external device 644. In some cases, transceiver 640 receives data from external device 644 and provides the received data to processor 612 for further analysis.

[0077] In various implementations, external defibrillator 600 further includes a housing 646 that at least partially surrounds other components of external defibrillator 600. For example, housing 646 surrounds detection circuit 610, processor 612, memory 614, charging circuit 622, transceiver 640, or any combination thereof. In some cases, input device 618 and output device 620 extend through the wall of housing 646 from an internal space that is at least partially surrounded by housing 646. In various examples, housing 646 acts as a barrier against moisture, electrical interference, and / or dust, protecting the various components within external defibrillator 600 from damage.

[0078] In some implementations, the external defibrillator 600 is an automated external defibrillator (AED) that can be operated by an untrained user (e.g., a bystander or layperson) and can be operated in an automatic mode. In the automatic mode, the processor 612 automatically identifies the rhythm of the ECG signal, makes a decision as to whether to deliver a defibrillation shock, charges the capacitor 630, discharges the capacitor 630, or performs any combination thereof. In some cases, the processor 612 controls the output device 620 to output (e.g., display) a simplified user interface to an untrained user. For example, the processor 612 does not display the waveform of the ECG signal and / or the waveform of the impedance signal on the output device 620 to an untrained user to simplify the operation of the external defibrillator 600.

[0079] In some examples, the external defibrillator 600 is a monitored defibrillator that can be used by a trained user (e.g., a clinician or emergency responder) and can be operated in a manual mode or an automatic mode. When the external defibrillator 600 is operated in the manual mode, the processor 612 causes the output device 620 to display various types of information that may be meaningful to a trained user, such as waveforms indicating the ECG data and / or impedance data and notifications regarding the detected heart rhythm.

[0080] FIG. 7 shows an example of a screen of a medical device that can implement the various enhanced user interfaces described herein. Specifically, FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of a touch screen that can be used in the various implementations described herein. The various components described with reference to FIG. 7 may include one or more materials, such as, for example, metals, polymers (e.g., polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.), ceramics, etc.

[0081] The screen is disposed between the internal space 702 of the medical device and the external space outside the medical device. The internal space 702 includes, for example, various circuits, sensors, and other functional elements of the medical device. In various cases, the internal space 702 is substantially fluid-tight. That is, the internal space 702 is sealed from the external space outside the medical device by the screen of the medical device and other components of the housing.

[0082] The screen includes various layers that enable the output of visual signals from the screen to the user and enable the detection of input signals from the user from the screen. For example, the screen includes various lights 704 configured to output optical signals through the light guide layer 706. The light guide layer 706 is transparent and is configured to propagate light from the lights 704. The light guide layer 706 includes one or more transmissive materials. The light guide layer 706 may be colored and / or shaped to match the icons displayed by the medical device. The screen further includes a pressure sensor 708 disposed between the lights 704 and the internal space 702. A backing layer 710 is disposed between the pressure sensor 708 and the internal space 702. For example, the backing layer 710 provides a structural support for the lights 704 and the pressure sensor 708.

[0083] In various implementations, the screen includes a plurality of lights 704 that respectively light up various icons of the medical device. Along with other icons, various block layers 712 are disposed between the lights 704 and the light guide layer 706 so that the light guide layer 706 adjacent to the lights 704 is not accidentally lit. In the implementation shown in FIG. 7, the block layer 712 is also disposed between the pressure sensors 708, but is not limited to this implementation. The block layer 712 includes one or more opaque materials that prevent the transmission of light.

[0084] In various cases, a thin film 714 is disposed on the outer surface of a medical device. The thin film 714 may be transparent, may be flexible, and may be configured to prevent fluid (e.g., gas, liquid, etc.) and / or particulate matter from entering the internal space 702 of the medical device from the external space. However, in the production process, it may be difficult to prevent the formation of an air pocket 716 between the thin film 714 and other components of the screen. The air pocket 716 may distort the optical signal output from the light guide layer 706 to the user through the thin film 714. Further, the air pocket 716 may interfere with the detection of the touch signal from the user by the pressure sensor 708.

[0085] These problems and other problems caused by the air pocket 716 can be addressed by allowing the air pocket 716 to escape from the internal space. In various implementations, the channel 718 extends through each component of the screen and separates the thin film 714 from the internal space 702. For example, the channel 718 may extend through the backing layer 710 and / or the block layer 712. Since the channel 718 is provided, when pressure (e.g., a touch signal) is applied to the thin film 714, the air in the air pocket 716 may flow into the internal space 702. Therefore, the influence of the air pocket 716 on the screen and the functions of the medical device can be reduced. Exemplary terms 1. An automated external defibrillator (AED) comprising a detection circuit, a treatment circuit, a screen, and a processor, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect an electrical signal indicative of an electrocardiogram (ECG) of a subject, the electrical signal being received by pads configured to adhere to the chest of the subject and electrically connected to the detection circuit, the treatment circuit is configured to output an electric shock to the pads, the screen has a background or foreground including black, A pressure sensor configured to detect a touch signal from a user, a shock icon overlaid on the pressure sensor and corresponding to a shock command, a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) icon corresponding to an instruction to perform chest compressions, and a hands-off icon corresponding to an instruction to refrain from performing chest compressions are included, wherein the processor lights up the shock icon on the screen, lights up the hands-off icon, and dims the CPR icon, in response to lighting up the shock icon on the screen, lighting up the hands-off icon, and dimming the CPR icon, analyzes the ECG, and determines that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation (VF), in response to determining that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation, lights up the shock icon on the screen, dims the hands-off icon, and dims the CPR icon, in response to lighting up the shock icon on the screen, dimming the hands-off icon, and dimming the CPR icon, determines that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, in response to determining that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, causes the treatment circuit to output an electric shock to the pads, and in response to causing the treatment circuit to output an electric shock to the pads, dims the shock icon on the screen, dims the hands-off icon, and lights up the CPR icon is configured as an AED. 2. The pressure sensor is a first pressure sensor, the touch signal is a first touch signal, the screen further includes a second pressure sensor, and a power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor are further included, wherein the processor It is determined that the second pressure sensor has detected a second touch signal, in response to determining that the second pressure sensor has detected the second touch signal, the power icon is lit on the touch screen, the shock icon is dimmed, the CPR icon is dimmed, and the hands-off icon is dimmed The AED according to claim 1, further configured as described above. 3. The AED according to claim 2, wherein the power icon is disposed between the CPR icon and the hands-off icon. 4. A medical device, including a sensor, a screen, and a processor, wherein the sensor is configured to detect physiological parameters of a subject, wherein the screen includes a pressure sensor configured to detect a touch signal from a user, an icon overlaid on the pressure sensor, a first treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a first treatment, a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to perform a second treatment, and a pause icon corresponding to an instruction to refrain from performing the second treatment and including, wherein the processor lights the first treatment icon on the screen, lights the pause icon, and turns off the second treatment icon, analyzes the physiological parameters, determines that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, in response to determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, lights the first treatment icon on the screen, turns off the pause icon, and turns off the second treatment icon, in response to lighting the first treatment icon on the screen, turning off the pause icon, and turning off the second treatment icon, determines that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, In response to determining that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, performing a first treatment on the subject A medical device configured as such. 5. By turning off the pause icon, the color of the pause icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen, By turning off the second treatment icon, the color of the second treatment icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen, The medical device according to item 4. 6. Further including a treatment circuit configured to perform the first treatment, The first treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse, The medical device according to item 4 or 5. 7. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 6, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression. 8. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 7, wherein the medical condition includes ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), or bradycardia. 9. The pressure sensor is a first pressure sensor, The screen is, A second pressure sensor, A power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor, And further includes, The processor is further configured to turn off the power icon on the screen in response to determining that the physiological parameter indicates a medical condition. The medical device according to any one of items 4 to 8. 10. The touch signal is a first touch signal, The medical device is configured to turn on the power in response to the first pressure sensor or the second pressure sensor detecting a second touch signal. The medical device according to item 9. 11. Lighting the first treatment icon on the screen, turning off the pause icon, and turning off the second treatment icon, which includes only lighting the first treatment icon and hiding other icons including the pause icon and the second treatment icon, the medical device according to any one of items 4 to 10. 12. The medical device according to item 11, wherein the other icons further include a setup icon corresponding to an instruction to connect the sensor to the subject, a language selection icon, a pediatric mode icon, and a power icon. 13. A step of lighting, on a screen, a first treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a first treatment on a subject and a pause icon corresponding to an instruction to hold off on performing a second treatment on the subject, A step of turning off, on the screen, a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to perform a second treatment on the subject, A step of analyzing the physiological parameters of the subject and determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, In response to determining that the physiological parameters of the subject indicate a medical condition, a step of lighting the first treatment icon and turning off the pause icon and the second treatment icon on the screen, A step of detecting a touch signal by a pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon, and A step of performing the first treatment on the subject in response to detecting the touch signal A method comprising. 14. By turning off the pause icon, the color of the pause icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen, By turning off the second treatment icon, the color of the second treatment icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen, The method according to item 13. 15. The method according to item 13 or 14, wherein the first treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse. 16. The method according to any one of items 13 to 15, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression or assisted ventilation. 17. The method according to any one of items 13 to 16, wherein the medical condition includes ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), or bradycardia. 18. The touch signal is a first touch signal, and the method includes: detecting a second touch signal by the pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon, and turning on the power of the medical device including the screen in response to detecting the second touch signal. The method according to item 17, further including the above steps. 19. The method according to any one of items 13 to 18, wherein turning on the first treatment icon and turning off the pause icon and the second treatment icon includes turning on only the first treatment icon and hiding other icons including the pause icon and the second treatment icon. 20. A step of turning on, on a screen, a first treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a first treatment on a subject and a pause icon corresponding to an instruction to hold off on performing a second treatment on the subject; a step of turning off, on the screen, a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to perform a second treatment on the subject; a step of analyzing the physiological parameters of the subject and determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition; a step of, in response to determining that the physiological parameters of the subject indicate a medical condition, turning on the first treatment icon and turning off the pause icon and the second treatment icon on the screen; a step of determining that a predetermined time has elapsed without the pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon detecting a touch signal, and a step of performing a first treatment on the subject in response to determining that a predetermined time has elapsed without the pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon detecting a touch signal. The method includes the above steps. 21. An automated external defibrillator (AED), comprising a detection circuit, a treatment circuit, a screen, and a processor, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect an electrical signal indicating an electrocardiogram (ECG) of a subject, the electrical signal being received by pads configured to adhere to the chest of the subject and electrically connected to the detection circuit, the treatment circuit is configured to output an electric shock to the pads, the screen, has a background or foreground including black, a first pressure sensor, a shock icon overlaid on the first pressure sensor corresponding to a shock command, a second pressure sensor, a power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor, and an instruction icon corresponding to an instruction to attach the pads to the chest of the subject, and, the processor, determines that the first pressure sensor has received a first touch signal from a user, in response to determining that the first pressure sensor has received the first touch signal from the user, causes the shock icon and the instruction icon to light up on the screen, determines that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation (VF), determines that the first pressure sensor has received a second touch signal from the user, and in response to determining that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation and that the first pressure sensor has received the second touch signal from the user, causes the treatment circuit to output an electric shock to the pads. An AED configured as such. 22. The AED according to item 21, wherein the instruction icon indicates a position where the pads are to be attached to the chest of the subject. 23. The AED according to claim 21 or 22, further configured such that in response to the processor determining that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation, a shock icon is lit on the screen and other icons including the instruction icon are dimmed. 24. A medical device, comprising a physiological parameter sensor, a treatment circuit, a screen, and a processor, wherein the physiological parameter sensor is configured to detect physiological parameters of a subject, the treatment circuit is configured to perform treatment on the subject, the screen, a first pressure sensor, a treatment icon overlaid on the first pressure sensor and corresponding to a command to perform treatment on the subject, a second pressure sensor, a power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor, and an instruction icon corresponding to an instruction to connect the physiological parameter sensor to the subject, wherein the processor is configured to light the treatment icon on the screen, light the power icon, and turn off the instruction icon, determine that the first pressure sensor has received a touch signal from a user, and in response to determining that the first pressure sensor has received the touch signal from the user, light the treatment icon on the screen and light the instruction icon. A medical device configured as such. 25. The medical device according to claim 24, wherein the treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse. 26. The medical device according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the physiological parameter sensor includes a monitoring circuit configured to detect an electrical signal indicating an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the subject from electrodes configured to adhere to the chest of the subject. 27. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 26, wherein the processor is configured to turn on the power of the medical device in response to determining that the first pressure sensor has received a touch signal from the user. 28. A power source including a battery, a switch configured to selectively connect the battery to the physiological parameter sensor, and further comprising: The medical device according to item 27, wherein the processor is configured to turn on the power of the medical device by selectively connecting the battery to the physiological parameter sensor by the switch. The medical device according to item 27. 29. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 28, wherein the treatment icon includes a shape illuminated by a backlight. 30. The medical device according to item 29, wherein the treatment icon overlaps the center of the screen. 31. The treatment is a first treatment, The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 30, wherein the screen further includes a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to the user to manually perform a second treatment on the subject. The medical device according to any one of items 24 to 30. 32. The medical device according to item 31, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression or assisted ventilation. 33. A method including: lighting a treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a treatment on a subject and a power icon corresponding to turning on the power of the medical device including the screen on the screen; extinguishing an instruction icon corresponding to an instruction to connect the medical device to the subject on the screen; detecting a touch signal from a user by a pressure sensor overlaid by the treatment icon; and lighting the treatment icon and the instruction icon on the screen in response to detecting the touch signal from the user. The method including. 34. The method according to item 33, wherein the treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse. 35. The method according to claim 33 or 34, wherein the medical device includes a monitoring circuit configured to detect an electrical signal indicating an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the subject from an electrode configured to adhere to the chest of the subject. 36. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, further comprising the step of turning on the power of the medical device in response to detecting the touch signal from the user. 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the step of turning on the power of the medical device includes connecting a battery to a physiological parameter sensor in the medical device. 38. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the treatment icon includes a first shape illuminated by a backlight, the power icon includes a second shape illuminated by a backlight, and the instruction icon includes a third shape illuminated by a backlight. 39. The treatment is a first treatment, The method according to any one of claims 33 to 38, further comprising the step of lighting a second treatment icon for instructing the user to manually perform a second treatment on the subject on the screen. 40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression or assisted ventilation.

[0086] Conclusion In the foregoing detailed description, the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, the features of the present disclosure represented as specific forms, or means for performing the disclosed functions, or methods or processes for appropriately obtaining the results of the present disclosure may be used separately or in combination in various forms to implement the implementation of the present disclosure.

[0087] As would be understood by those skilled in the art, each implementation disclosed herein includes, consists essentially of, or consists of the specific components, steps, or parts described. Accordingly, the terms "comprising" or "including" should be construed to have the meaning of "including, consisting essentially of, or consisting of". The transitional phrase "comprising" means, but is not limited to, that it includes components, steps, materials, or parts not described, even if the amount thereof is large. The transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes all components, steps, materials, and parts not described. The transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of the implementation of the present disclosure to the components, steps, materials, or parts described, and components, steps, materials, or parts that do not materially affect the implementation of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, in this specification, the term "based on" is used in the same sense as the term "at least partially based on".

[0088] Unless otherwise indicated, in this specification and the claims, all numerical values representing quantities, properties, states, etc. are to be construed as being modified in every instance by the term "about." Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in this specification and the appended claims are approximations that vary depending on the desired characteristics sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. While not limiting the scope of the application of the principle of equivalence of the claimed ranges, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the reported number of significant digits and in accordance with normal rounding procedures. More specifically, the term "about," when used in conjunction with a recited numerical value or range, has the meaning reasonably construed by one of ordinary skill in the art, i.e., within a range of ±20% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±19% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±18% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±17% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±16% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±15% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±14% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±13% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±12% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±11% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±10% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±9% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±8% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±7% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±6% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±5% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±4% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±3% of the recited numerical value; within a range of ±2% of the recited numerical value; or within a range of ±1% of the recited numerical value, indicating that the recited numerical value or range is somewhat more or less.

[0089] Numerical ranges and parameters that indicate the broad scope of the present disclosure, although approximations and approximate ranges, are reported as precisely as possible in the specific examples. However, all numerical values inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation associated with each test measurement.

[0090] In the description of the implementations of the present disclosure (particularly in the description of the following claims), the terms "a", "an", "the", and similar indicators are to be construed as including both singular and plural referents unless otherwise stated or the context clearly dictates a different meaning. The numerical ranges recited herein are intended to be a shorthand way of referring individually to each numerical value within that range. Unless otherwise stated, each numerical value is as if it were individually recited herein. Unless otherwise stated or the context clearly dictates a different meaning, any method described herein can be performed in any suitable order. The use of any example provided herein, or the language used to provide examples (e.g., "such as") is for the sole purpose of more fully explaining the implementations of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Terms described herein should not be construed as indicating any non-claimed component essential to the practice of the implementations of the present disclosure.

[0091] The groupings of alternative components or implementations disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting the invention. Members of each group may be described individually in this specification or in the claims, or may be described in this specification or in the claims in combination with other members of that group or other components. For convenience and / or reasons of patentability, it is contemplated that one or more members of a group may be added to another group, or one or more members may be deleted from a group. When such additions or deletions are made, this specification includes groups that are constructed to satisfy the description of all Markush groups recited in the appended claims.

[0092] Specific implementations are described herein, including those that the inventors regard as the best mode for carrying out the implementations of the present disclosure. Of course, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the implementations described herein can be variously modified by perusing the foregoing detailed description. The inventors anticipate that those skilled in the art can appropriately adopt such variations, and also intend that the implementations of the present disclosure be carried out in modes other than those specifically described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure includes, to the extent possible within the scope of the applicable law, any changes from the subject matter of the invention described in the appended claims and any equivalents of the subject matter of the invention. Further, unless otherwise stated or the context clearly indicates a different meaning, any combination of the foregoing components in any variations is also included in the implementations of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An automated external defibrillator (AED) comprising: a detection circuit, a treatment circuit, a screen, and a processor, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect an electrical signal representing an electrocardiogram (ECG) of a subject, the electrical signal being received by pads configured to adhere to the chest of the subject and electrically connected to the detection circuit, the treatment circuit is configured to output an electric shock to the pads, the screen includes a background or foreground including black, a pressure sensor configured to detect a touch signal from a user, a shock icon overlaid on the pressure sensor corresponding to a shock command, a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) icon corresponding to an instruction to perform chest compressions, and a hands-off icon corresponding to an instruction to refrain from performing chest compressions and the processor is configured to light up the shock icon and the hands-off icon on the screen and dim the CPR icon, in response to lighting up the shock icon and the hands-off icon on the screen and dimming the CPR icon, analyze the ECG and determine that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation (VF), in response to determining that the ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation, light up the shock icon on the screen, dim the hands-off icon, and dim the CPR icon, in response to lighting up the shock icon on the screen, dimming the hands-off icon, and dimming the CPR icon, determine that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, in response to determining that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, cause the treatment circuit to output an electric shock to the pads, in response to causing the treatment circuit to output an electric shock to the pads, dim the shock icon on the screen, dim the hands-off icon, and light up the CPR icon configured AED.

2. the pressure sensor is a first pressure sensor, the touch signal is a first touch signal, the screen further includes a second pressure sensor, and a power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor and the processor is configured to determine that the second pressure sensor has detected a second touch signal, In response to determining that the second pressure sensor has detected the second touch signal, the power icon is lit on the screen, the shock icon is dimmed, the CPR icon is dimmed, and the hands-off icon is dimmed. The AED according to claim 1, further configured as described above. **Claim 3** The AED according to claim 2, wherein the power icon is disposed between the CPR icon and the hands-off icon. **Claim 4** A medical device, comprising a sensor, a screen, and a processor, wherein the sensor is configured to detect physiological parameters of a subject, the screen includes a pressure sensor configured to detect a touch signal from a user, icons overlaid on the pressure sensor, a first treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a first treatment, a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to perform a second treatment, and a pause icon corresponding to an instruction to refrain from performing the second treatment and includes, wherein the processor lights the first treatment icon on the screen, lights the pause icon, and turns off the second treatment icon, analyzes the physiological parameters to determine that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, in response to determining that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition, lights the first treatment icon on the screen, turns off the pause icon, and turns off the second treatment icon, in response to lighting the first treatment icon on the screen, turning off the pause icon, and turning off the second treatment icon, determines that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, and in response to determining that the pressure sensor has detected a touch signal, performs a first treatment on the subject. The medical device is configured as described above. **Claim 5** By turning off the pause icon, the color of the pause icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen, By turning off the second treatment icon, the color of the second treatment icon matches the background color or foreground color of the screen. The medical device according to claim 4. **Claim 6** The medical device according to claim 4, further comprising a treatment circuit configured to perform the first treatment, wherein the first treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse. The medical device according to claim 4. **Claim 7** The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression.

8. The medical device according to claim 4, wherein the medical condition includes ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), or bradycardia.

9. The pressure sensor is a first pressure sensor, The screen a second pressure sensor, and a power icon overlaid on the second pressure sensor and further includes, The processor is further configured to turn off the power icon on the screen in response to determining that the physiological parameter indicates a medical condition. The medical device according to claim 4.

10. The touch signal is a first touch signal, The medical device is configured to turn on the power in response to the first pressure sensor or the second pressure sensor detecting a second touch signal. The medical device according to claim 9.

11. Turning on the first treatment icon on the screen, turning off the pause icon, and turning off the second treatment icon includes turning on only the first treatment icon and hiding other icons including the pause icon and the second treatment icon.

12. The medical device according to claim 11, wherein the other icons further include a setup icon corresponding to an instruction to connect the sensor to the subject, a language selection icon, a pediatric mode icon, and a power icon.

13. On the screen, turning on a first treatment icon corresponding to a command to perform a first treatment on the subject and a pause icon corresponding to an instruction to hold off on performing a second treatment on the subject; On the screen, turning off a second treatment icon corresponding to an instruction to perform a second treatment on the subject; Analyzing the physiological parameters of the subject to determine that the physiological parameters indicate a medical condition; In response to determining that the physiological parameters of the subject indicate a medical condition, on the screen, turning on the first treatment icon and turning off the pause icon and the second treatment icon; Detecting a touch signal by a pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon; and In response to detecting the touch signal, performing the first treatment on the subject comprising a method.

14. By turning off the pause icon, the color of the pause icon matches the background color or the foreground color of the screen, By turning off the second treatment icon, the color of the second treatment icon matches the background color or the foreground color of the screen, The method according to claim 13.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first treatment includes an electric shock or a pacing pulse.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second treatment includes chest compression.

17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second treatment includes assisted ventilation.

18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the medical condition includes ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), or bradycardia.

19. The touch signal is a first touch signal, The method is, Detecting a second touch signal by the pressure sensor overlaid by the first treatment icon, and Turning on the power of the medical device including the screen in response to detecting the second touch signal The method according to claim 18, further comprising.

20. Turning on the first treatment icon and turning off the pause icon and the second treatment icon includes turning on only the first treatment icon and hiding other icons including the pause icon and the second treatment icon. The method according to claim 13.

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