Motorcycle

Abstract

To provide a motorcycle provided with a windshield to enhance comfort for a driver and accessories such as a baggage storage area.SOLUTION: A motorcycle 2 includes: a frame; a plurality of ground surface engaging members 6, 8 to support the frame; and an engine 12 supported on the frame and movably connected on the ground surface engaging members 6, 8. Further, the motorcycle 2 includes a down tube extending downward from a front end part of the frame. The front fairing is supported on the down tube.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross-Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 822,435, filed Mar. 22, 2019, entitled "TWO-WHEELED VEHICLE", which was filed concurrently with U.S. Design Patent Application No. 29 / 684,633, and the entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to two-wheeled vehicles, and more particularly to motorcycles equipped with accessories such as a windshield and a luggage storage area to enhance the comfort of the driver.

Background Art

[0003] Conventional two-wheeled vehicles include a frame for supporting an operator. The frame can also support a passenger behind the driver. The engine is typically positioned under the driver and coupled to the frame. The front portion of the vehicle may include a fairing positioned in front of the driver and supported by the vehicle frame or a front triple clamp. Additionally, the vehicle may include luggage storage and infotainment functions to enhance the comfort and convenience of the driver. The rear portion of the vehicle may include a luggage storage area, such as saddle bags, that extends laterally outward from the frame.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a two-wheeled vehicle comprising a frame assembly extending longitudinally from a front end to a second end. The frame assembly includes a front frame member and a downtube assembly coupled to the front frame member. The two-wheeled vehicle further includes a plurality of ground-engaging members for supporting the frame assembly on the ground and a fairing coupled to the front frame member and the downtube assembly.

[0005] In one example, the two-wheeler further comprises a bracket coupled to the downtube assembly and the fairing. In a variant thereof, the two-wheeler further comprises a steering assembly, the front frame member including a head tube configured to receive a portion of the steering assembly, the bracket extending from a longitudinally forward position of the head tube to a longitudinally rearward position of the head tube. In another variant thereof, the fairing comprises an outer fairing member and an inner fairing member, and the bracket is coupled to the inner fairing member. In a further variant thereof, the bracket includes a generally vertical leg coupled to the downtube assembly and a generally horizontal leg coupled to the inner fairing member. In yet another variant thereof, the downtube assembly supports a radiator.

[0006] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a two-wheeler comprising a frame, a plurality of ground-engaging members supporting the frame on the ground, an engine supported by the frame intermediate the plurality of ground-engaging members, and a cooling system coupled to the frame intermediate a first one of the plurality of ground-engaging members and the engine. The cooling system includes a fan and a shroud surrounding at least a portion of the fan, the shroud including a plurality of apertures adapted to direct an airflow laterally outward from the fan.

[0007] In one example, the two-wheeler further comprises at least one opening adapted to direct the air flow from the fan rearward. In another example, the two-wheeler further comprises at least one opening positioned vertically below the fan and adapted to direct the air flow downward from the fan. In a further example, the plurality of apertures includes at least a first aperture adapted to direct the air flow laterally outward in a first direction, a second aperture adapted to direct the air flow in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third aperture adapted to direct the air flow in a third direction different from the first and second directions. In a further example, the shroud is configured to at least partially receive the coolant conduit.

[0008] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a two-wheeler comprising a frame having a main frame portion defining an air box, a plurality of ground-engaging members supporting the frame on the ground, an engine supported by the frame, and an air breather fluidly coupled to the engine and the main frame portion.

[0009] In one example, the engine includes a valve cover and the air breather is coupled to the valve cover. In another example, the air breather cooperates with the engine and the air box to flow air upward from the engine to the air box and recirculate the air to the engine. In a variant thereof, the air box includes an air filter and the air filter is positioned in front of the air breather. In a further variant, the air breather is coupled to the main frame portion at the lowest vertical portion of the main frame portion. In a further variant, the air breather is configured to receive a mixture of oil and air, and the main frame portion is configured to collect the oil separated from the mixture of oil and air and flow the oil to the engine through the air breather.

[0010] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a two-wheeled vehicle is provided that includes a frame, a plurality of ground-engaging members that support the frame on the ground, an engine supported by the frame, and an exhaust system fluidly coupled to the engine. The exhaust system includes a muffler having a cylindrical housing that extends from a first end to a second end and a first baffle supported within the housing proximal to the first end of the cylindrical housing. The second end of the cylindrical housing includes a muffler tip.

[0011] In one example, the muffler further includes an outlet pipe supported within the cylindrical housing by a second baffle, and the outlet pipe is coupled to the muffler tip. In a variant thereof, the first end and the first baffle define a first internal chamber of the cylindrical housing, and the first baffle and the second baffle define a second internal chamber of the cylindrical housing. In another variant thereof, the outlet pipe includes a plurality of radially spaced apertures, and the radially spaced apertures are positioned between the second baffle and the muffler tip. In another example, the length between the first end and the second end defines the length of the cylindrical housing, and the first baffle is positioned within the first half of the length of the cylindrical housing. In a variant thereof, the first baffle is positioned within the first third of the length of the cylindrical housing.

[0012] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a two-wheeled vehicle comprising a frame assembly including a front frame portion and a rear frame portion, a body assembly coupled to the frame assembly and including a fairing positioned at the front frame portion, a plurality of ground-engaging members configured to support the frame assembly and the body assembly, an operator area including a seat supported by the frame assembly, and a front glass assembly supported by the front frame portion and positioned in front of the seat. The front glass assembly includes a front glass member having a recess and configured to move generally vertically with respect to the fairing. When the front glass member is in a first position, the recess of the front glass member cooperates with the fairing to define an air opening, and when the front glass member is in a second position, the recess of the front glass member is hidden by the fairing.

[0013] In one example, the recess is defined in the lowermost extent of the front glass member. In a variant thereof, the size of the air opening increases in the direction of movement of the front glass member. In another example thereof, the air flow through the air opening directs air upward along the rear side of the front glass member. In a further example thereof, the body assembly further includes a console member positioned with the operator area, and the console member cooperates with the air opening to direct air upward. In a variant thereof, the front face of the console member is angled upward from the air opening, and the rear face of the console member includes an opening for receiving at least one of a display and instrumentation.

[0014] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a frame assembly including a front frame portion and a rear frame portion, a body assembly coupled to the frame assembly and including a fairing positioned at the front frame portion, a plurality of ground engaging members configured to support the frame assembly and the body assembly, an operator area including a seat supported by the frame assembly, a front windshield assembly supported by the front frame portion and positioned in front of the seat and including a front windshield member, and an air vent defined by a portion of the fairing and a portion of the front windshield assembly and configured to selectively open and close in response to an input, a two-wheeled vehicle is provided.

[0015] In one example, the air vent is defined by a recess in the front windshield member and an upper portion of the fairing. In another example, the input for opening and closing the air vent is at least one of a selective operator input, a vehicle state, and ambient conditions. In a further example, the air vent is positioned to direct an air flow within the operator area and over the driver's head when the driver is seated upright on the seat. In a further example, the size of the air vent is defined by the position of the front windshield member. In a variant thereof, the front windshield member is generally vertically movable between a plurality of positions, the uppermost position of the front windshield member maximizing the size of the air vent, the lowermost position of the front windshield member closing the air vent and preventing an air flow between the front windshield member and the fairing.

[0016] Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments that illustrate the best mode of the present invention as presently perceived.

[0017] By referring to the following description of embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above-described and other features of the present invention and the manner in which they are achieved will become more apparent and the present invention itself will be better understood.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018]

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The drawings represent embodiments of various features and components according to the present disclosure, but are not necessarily to scale, and certain features may be exaggerated to better illustrate and explain the present disclosure. The examples described in this specification are illustrative of embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0020] The embodiments disclosed below are not intended to be exhaustive, nor are they intended to limit the invention to the exact forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are selected and described so that the teachings of the embodiments can be utilized by those skilled in the art. Although the invention is primarily described in terms of touring motorcycles, it should be understood that the invention can also be applied to other types of vehicles, such as all-terrain vehicles, motorcycles, watercraft, utility vehicles, scooters, golf carts, and mopeds.

[0021] Referring to FIGS. 1-7, an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 2 is shown. As illustrated, vehicle 2 is a two-wheeled vehicle, such as a motorcycle. Exemplarily, vehicle 2 includes a frame assembly 4 supported by at least one ground-engaging member, particularly a front ground-engaging member, exemplarily a front wheel 6, and a rear ground-engaging member, exemplarily a rear wheel 8. Vehicle 2 travels on the ground on front wheel 6 and rear wheel 8. Frame assembly 4 includes at least a main frame portion 66 and a rear frame assembly 67, as disclosed herein. Although vehicle 2 is shown as a two-wheeled vehicle, various embodiments of the present disclosure are also operable with vehicles having three or more wheels (e.g., three, four, six, etc. wheels). Further, it should be understood that various embodiments of the present disclosure are also operable with ground-engaging members other than wheels, such as tracks, skis, or sleds, for example.

[0022] To propel vehicle 2 by rear wheel 8, rear wheel 8 is coupled to a powertrain assembly 10. Powertrain assembly 10 includes a transmission 14 coupled to an engine 12 to provide power to rear wheel 8. In the exemplary embodiment shown, engine 12 is a V-twin spark ignition gasoline engine available from Polaris Industries Inc. (2100 Highway 55, Medina, Minnesota 55340), but any type of engine can be used. For example, electric motors, including hybrids, and other suitable torque generators are operable in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Vehicle 2 includes a steering assembly 20, a front suspension assembly 22, a rear suspension assembly 24 (Figure 52), and a seat 26. The steering assembly 20 includes a handlebar 28 that allows an operator to move or rotate the handlebar 28 about a steering axis to rotate the front wheels 6 left or right. The steering assembly 20 includes a gripping portion composed of a handgrip and an operator control mechanism so that the operator can obtain comfort during the operation of the vehicle 2. The steering assembly 20 is coupled to the vehicle 2, illustratively, by a triple clamp assembly 30 (see Figure 6). The vehicle 2 further includes engine operating systems such as an intake system 32 and an exhaust system 34. An operator control mechanism for operating and controlling the vehicle 2 is also provided, and such an operator control mechanism may include a vehicle starting system, an electronic throttle control mechanism ("ETC"), a vehicle speed control mechanism, and a vehicle braking system. Additional systems and components such as a headlight 44, a front direction indicator, a rear direction indicator 48, a rear light 50, auxiliary lights, a windshield assembly 56, and a saddlebag assembly 58 may also be provided.

[0024] Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, the intake system 32 is shown in more detail. The intake system 32 provides air to the powertrain assembly 10, particularly the engine 12, and illustratively includes an air filter 60 and an air filter cover 62. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the air filter 60 and the air filter cover 62 are received within an air filter portion 64 of the main frame portion 66 of the frame assembly 4. More specifically, the main frame portion 66 includes a head tube 68 positioned at a front end portion 70 and configured to couple with a portion of the steering assembly 20. Vertically below the head tube 68, an intake port 72 (see FIG. 13) is positioned. The intake port 72 is fluidly coupled to a first end of an air box or channel 74 that extends through at least a portion of the interior 80 of the main frame portion 66. Thus, the interior 80 of the main frame portion 66 defines the air box 74. As further disclosed herein, the air filter 60 is positioned longitudinally intermediate the intake port 72 and an air outlet port (not shown). Thus, air flowing into the air box 74 through the intake port 72 flows through the filter 60, and after particulate matter or contaminants are washed or filtered, exits the air box 74 through the air outlet port and enters the engine 12 through a torque tube (not shown).

[0025] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the air filter 60 includes a frame 82 that surrounds and supports the filter media 84. The frame 82 may include a rigid material. The advantage of the rigid frame 82 is, among other things, that the air filter 60 better maintains its shape and seals against the air filter portion 64 when placed on the inner surface of the main frame portion 66. The air filter 60 is secured within the air filter portion 64 using an air filter cover 62. In the illustrated embodiment, the air filter cover 62 includes a base 86, and opposing prongs 88, illustratively prongs 88a, 88b, extend downwardly from the base 86. The base 86 is configured to couple to the main frame portion 66 using, for example, a plurality of fixtures 90. Illustratively, the base 86 includes a plurality of apertures 92 configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 90. Similarly, the main frame portion 66 includes a plurality of apertures 94 that surround an opening 99 that allows access to the air filter portion 64. The apertures 92 of the air filter cover 62 are aligned with the apertures 94 of the main frame portion 66 such that both apertures 92, 94 are configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 90 to couple the air filter cover 62 to the main frame portion 66. The opposing prongs 88 are adapted to secure the air filter 60 therebetween such that the air filter 60 is positioned generally laterally and intermediate the prongs 88. In the illustrated embodiment, the opposing prongs 88 extend along opposing side portions, illustratively side portions 96a, 96b, of the filter media 84 and the filter frame 82.

[0026] Within the air filter portion 64, a plurality of tabs 98 extend inwardly from the inner surface of the wall 97 of the main frame portion 66. In the illustrated embodiment, the air filter portion 64 includes an upper tab 98a and a lower tab 98b that extend inwardly from the inner wall 97 and are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to each other. Further, the air filter portion 64 includes a mounting flange 100 that extends inwardly from the inner wall 97. The mounting flange 100 extends circumferentially around the inner surface of the main frame portion 66 and is angled with respect to the vertical axis of the vehicle 2. The mounting flange 100 provides a sealing surface against which the frame 82 of the air filter 60 can be sealed. More specifically, the upper tab 98a and the lower tab 98b are longitudinally spaced apart from the mounting flange 100 to accommodate the air filter 60 and the air filter cover 62 when installed. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower tab 98b is longitudinally spaced closer to the mounting flange 100 than the upper tab 98a is longitudinally spaced from the mounting flange 100.

[0027] When the air filter 60 is fixed between the opposing prongs 88 of the air filter cover 62 and the air filter 60 and the air filter cover 62 are inserted into the air filter portion 64 through the opening 99, the air filter 60 and the opposing prongs 88 of the air filter cover 62 are longitudinally positioned between the tabs 98 and the mounting flange 100, with the tabs 98 contacting the front surface of the prongs 88 and the mounting flange 100 contacting the rear surface of the filter 60. Since the lower tab 98b is longitudinally spaced closer to the mounting flange 100, the prong 88 presses the air filter 60 against the mounting flange 100. As a result, the frame 82 forms a seal with at least the mounting flange 100. Then, the fixture 90 can be used to fix the air filter cover 62 to the main portion 66.

[0028] Referring to FIGS. 10 - 12 here, the air breather 102 of the engine 12 is shown. The air breather 102 is positioned proximal to the rear end portion 104 of the main frame portion 66 and is fluidly coupled to an internal chamber 106 of the main portion 66 behind the filter 60. The air breather 102 is further fluidly coupled to one of the cylinder heads of the engine 12, illustratively the cam cover or valve cover 108 of the rear cylinder head. In the illustrated embodiment, the air breather 102 comprises a base 110 including a fluid passage 112. The fluid passage 112 extends from the upper surface 114 of the base 110 to the lower surface 116 of the base 110 located on the side opposite the upper surface 114. The upper surface 114 includes a mounting flange 118 adapted to mate with the mounting flange 120 of the rear end portion 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting flange 118 of the upper surface 114 and the mounting flange 120 of the rear end portion 104 comprise generally planar surfaces. Similarly, the lower surface 116 includes a mounting flange 122 adapted to be received within a recess 126 of the valve cover 108 and is directly coupled to the valve cover 108. The air breather 102 further includes a gasket or seal for sealing the valve cover 108 to the main frame portion 66. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the seal is overmolded onto the air breather 102. In one embodiment, the base 110 comprises an elastomer. An advantage of the base 110 comprising an elastomer is, inter alia, that it can isolate vibrations from the engine 12. To properly mate with the mounting flange 120 of the rear end portion 104, the mounting flange 118 may include an aluminum ring inserted into the base 110.

[0029] Base 110 illustratively includes a plurality of apertures 130 configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 132. Similarly, valve cover 108 includes a plurality of apertures 134 corresponding to each of the apertures 130 and configured to securely receive one of each of the fixtures 132 for coupling base 110 to valve cover 108. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, fixture 132 is a thread or bolt for threadedly engaging aperture 134. The rear end portion 104 of main portion 66 illustratively includes a plurality of apertures 136 configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 138. Similarly, base 110 further includes another plurality of apertures 140 corresponding to each of the apertures 136 and configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 138 for coupling air breather 102 to main frame portion 66. In the illustrated embodiment, fixture 138 is a thread or bolt. However, it is contemplated that either fixture 132 or fixture 138 can comprise various fixtures suitable for securely fixing air breather 102 to main frame portion 66 and valve cover 108.

[0030] Looking particularly at FIG. 12, the air breather 102 provides an outlet for excess crankcase gas that accumulates during normal operation of the engine 12. More specifically, the air breather 102 provides an outlet for air to exit the engine 12 and flow into the main frame portion 66. The air exiting the engine 12 through the air breather 102 may contain oil suspended in the air, or an air-oil mixture. This air-oil mixture exits through port 141 in the valve cover 108 and passes through the air breather 102 along fluid passage 112. From the air breather 102, the air-oil mixture enters internal chamber 106 in the rear end portion 104 of the main frame portion 66. The flow path of the air-oil mixture is schematically indicated by arrow 142 in FIG. 12. When the air-oil mixture enters the internal chamber 106, it is sufficiently cooled so that the suspended oil separates from the air. This separated oil collects within the internal chamber 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal chamber 106 is positioned vertically higher than the air breather 102 and the valve cover 108. As a result, at least a portion of the separated oil in the internal chamber 106 flows back into the fluid passage 112 of the air breather 102 and re-enters the engine 12, assuming generally that the air breather 102 is positioned at the lowest point of the main frame portion 66, due to gravity. This path of the separated oil is schematically indicated by arrow 144 in FIG. 12. The air separated from the oil also returns to the engine 12 through the torque tube, and this air mixes with the filtered air from the air box 74. An advantage of the air breather 102 is that, among other things, it can return oil discharged with excess crankcase gas during normal operation of the engine 12 back to the engine 12 or the power train 10, rather than discharging it outside the engine 12.

[0031] Referring now to FIGS. 13-18, the cooling system 150 of the vehicle 2 is shown. The cooling system 150 provides liquid cooling of the engine 12, for example, using a coolant having a high heat capacity and a low viscosity. First, referring to FIG. 13, the cooling system 150 includes a radiator 152, a fan assembly 154, a filling assembly including a filler neck 156, and a coolant overflow bottle 158. The radiator 152 and the fan assembly 154 are illustratively positioned at the front end portion 70 of the vehicle 2. The filler neck 156 is positioned longitudinally rearward of the radiator 152 and the fan assembly 154 and vertically higher than the radiator 152 and the coolant bottle 158.

[0032] The frame assembly 4 further includes a rear frame assembly 67 coupled to the main frame portion 66. More specifically, the side frames 160 of the rear frame assembly 67 are coupled to the rear end portion 104 of the main frame portion 66 and illustratively extend longitudinally rearward of the main frame portion 66. The rear frame assembly 67 further includes a rear frame extension 162 extending rearward of the side frames 160. At least as shown in FIG. 13, the ABS bracket 164 is coupled to at least one of the side frames 160. The ABS bracket 164 is adapted to support a power source, such as a battery (not shown), to provide power to the electrical components of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the coolant bottle 158 is coupled to the ABS bracket 164. As a result, the filler neck 156 is positioned longitudinally intermediate the radiator 152 and the coolant bottle 158. Similarly, the ABS bracket 164 is positioned longitudinally intermediate the filler neck 156 and the coolant bottle 158.

[0033] Referring now to FIGS. 14 and 15, coolant bottle 158, rear frame extension 162, ABS bracket 164, and rear wheel 8 are shown in more detail. Rear wheel 8 rotates, illustratively, about axis 166 during forward or reverse movement of vehicle 2. In the illustrated embodiment, coolant bottle 158 is positioned longitudinally forward of axis 166. Further, coolant bottle 158 is vertically higher than axis 166 and is positioned directly above or in vertical alignment with a portion of the tire of rear wheel 8. Further, coolant bottle 158 includes a curved body 168 and, illustratively, forms an interior debris shield for vehicle 2. Further, coolant bottle 158 includes conduits 159, illustratively conduits 159a, 159b, which fluidly couple coolant bottle 158 to the remainder of cooling system 150. More specifically, conduits 159 fluidly couple the remainder of cooling system 150 to the internal storage volume of coolant bottle 158. The internal storage volume of coolant bottle 158 is adapted to hold additional coolant for cooling system 150 or to function as an expansion tank for coolant during operation of engine 12.

[0034] Referring particularly to FIG. 15, a cross tube 170 having a substantially square tube portion 172 and an attendant plate portion 174 is provided, the tube portion 172 and attendant plate portion 174 being received in complementary square openings 176 and slots 178, respectively. Coolant bottle 158 is coupled to plate portion 174 of cross tube 170. More specifically, plate portion 174 includes a plurality of apertures 180 configured, illustratively, to receive respective fixtures 182. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a washer 184 is disposed between each one of fixtures 182 and plate portion 174. Coolant bottle 158 similarly includes a plurality of apertures 186, the apertures 186 corresponding to each one of apertures 180 and being configured to securely receive respective ones of fixtures 182 for coupling coolant bottle 158 to cross tube 170. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, fixture 182 includes, illustratively, bolts for threaded engagement with apertures 186.

[0035] The ABS bracket 164 includes a basket 188 adapted to support a battery (not shown), a lateral hanger 190, and a longitudinal hanger 192. The lateral hanger 190 is configured to couple the ABS bracket 164 to one of the side frames 160 (see FIG. 13). Similarly, the longitudinal hanger 192 is configured to couple the ABS bracket 164 to the cross tube 170. More specifically, the longitudinal hanger 192 includes a vertical portion 194 extending vertically upward from the basket 188 and a horizontal tab 196 extending horizontally from the distal end of the vertical portion 194 along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 2. The horizontal tab 196 includes a plurality of apertures 198 configured to receive one of each of the fixtures 200. Similarly, the tube portion 172 illustratively includes a plurality of apertures 202, and the apertures 202 correspond to one of each of the apertures 198 and are configured to firmly receive one of each of the fixtures 200 for coupling the horizontal tab 196 to the tube portion 172 of the cross tube 170.

[0036] Referring now to FIG. 16, the filler neck 156 is shown in more detail. The filler neck 156 is positioned vertically above the remainder of the cooling system 150 and provides an access point for replenishing the cooling system 150 with coolant. The cooling system 150 illustratively includes a Y-shaped body 204, a cap 206, and a water pump return line 208. The body 204 includes a vertical riser 210 having an upper chamber 212 and a lower chamber 214 positioned vertically below the upper chamber 212 and fluidly coupled to the upper chamber 212. The body 204 further includes a first branch 216 extending in a first direction and a second branch 218 extending in a second direction opposite the first direction. The branches 216, 218 are illustratively positioned vertically opposite the upper chamber 212. The first branch 216 is coupled to and in fluid communication with a first conduit 220 of the cooling system 150 using, for example, a spiky fitting 222. Similarly, the second branch 218 is coupled to and in fluid communication with a second conduit 224 of the cooling system 150 using, for example, a spiky fitting 226. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the branches 216, 218 form a fluid passageway 228 of the cooling system 150. The first branch 216 may further be fluidly coupled to the radiator 152, and the second branch 218 may be fluidly coupled to the engine 12. The body 204 also includes a mounting bracket 276 for securely attaching the filler neck 156 to the main portion 66 (see FIG. 13). In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the mounting bracket 276 includes an aperture 278 configured to receive a fixture 280 (see FIG. 13) for securely attaching the filler neck 156 to the main portion 66.

[0037] The lower chamber 214 is in fluid communication with the branches 216, 218 via the orifice 230, which is smaller in diameter than the lower chamber 214 and is positioned on the side opposite to the upper chamber 212 in the vertical direction and adjacent to the fluid passage 228. The water pump return line 208 is coupled to the lower chamber 214 in fluid communication. More specifically, the water pump return line 208 is coupled to a fitting 232 of the lower chamber 214 positioned vertically higher than the orifice 230. The fitting 232 may further include a spiky end 234 for firmly coupling to the water pump return line 208. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the water pump return line 208 extends horizontally from the fitting 232 and is further fluidly coupled to the pump 236. The filler neck 156 is positioned vertically higher than the rest of the cooling system 150 and is thus the highest point of the cooling system 150, so the air bubbles present in the cooling system 150 gather in the lower chamber 214. The pump 236 is powered by the engine 12 and thus operates whenever the engine 12 is operating. As a result, the air bubbles are continuously drawn out of the lower chamber 214 while the engine 12 is operating. The air bubbles are separated from the coolant within the lower chamber 214, the coolant returns to the pump 236 through the water pump return line 208, and the air collected at the top proceeds to the coolant bottle 158 through the conduit 252.

[0038] The upper chamber 212 is positioned vertically above the lower chamber 214 and includes a first chamber 240 that is in fluid communication with a second chamber 242. More specifically, a first end 244 of the first chamber 240 includes a flange 246 configured to engage securely with the cap 206. If the cap 206 is not engaged securely with the flange 246, the first chamber 240 may be open to the atmosphere, such as when coolant is added to the cooling system 150. A second chamber 242 is positioned at a second end of the first chamber 240. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the diameter of the second chamber 242 is smaller than the diameter of the first chamber 240. As a result, the first chamber 240 includes a restriction 248 with a decreasing diameter.

[0039] The first chamber 240 includes an extension 250 positioned proximal to a second end of the first chamber 240 and extending from the body 204. The extension 250 is coupled to a conduit 252 via a coupler 254 to be in fluid communication. The extension 250 illustratively includes a spiky fitting 256 for securely coupling the extension 250 to the coupler 254. Similarly, the conduit 252 includes a spiky fitting 258 for securely coupling the conduit 252 to the coupler 254. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the extension 250 extends horizontally from the first chamber 240, and the conduit 252 is in fluid communication with the coolant overflow bottle 158. As a result, the coolant present in the coolant overflow bottle 158 can be recirculated through the conduit 252 into the fluid passage 228.

[0040] The cap 206 includes an outer cover 260 adapted to be gripped by an operator to engage and disengage the cap 206 with respect to the flange 246 of the upper chamber 212 of the body 204. The cap 206 includes an upper pressure seal 261 that seals against the flange 246 when the cap 206 is fixed to the body 204. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the cap 206 further includes a pressure valve 262 configured to adjust the system pressure within the fluid passage 228 of the cooling system 150. The pressure valve 262 is received within the first chamber 240 and abuts against a sealing projection 264 at the second end of the first chamber 240. The pressure valve 262 fluidly isolates the first chamber 240 from the second chamber 242 when biased against the sealing projection 264. As a result, the pressure valve 262 is wider than the diameter of the second chamber 242. The pressure valve 262 is displaceable along the axis 266 of the cap 206.

[0041] The cap 206 includes a pressure valve spring 268 that biases the pressure valve 262 downwardly against the sealing projection 264. When the pressure valve 262 is biased against the sealing projection 264, it raises the system pressure of the cooling system 150, thereby raising the temperature without boiling the coolant. When the system pressure of the cooling system 150 exceeds an upper threshold value, exceeding the biasing force exerted by the pressure valve spring 268, the pressure valve 262 is displaced vertically away from the sealing projection 264. As a result, this heated coolant and the collected air can enter the first chamber 240 and flow through the conduit 252 to the coolant overflow bottle 158. The upper threshold value of the system pressure of the cooling system 150 can be adjusted, for example, by changing the stiffness of the pressure valve spring 268 to adjust the biasing force exerted by the pressure valve spring 268.

[0042] The cap 206 is positioned vertically downward of the pressure valve 262 and also includes a lower sealing gasket 270 that is received within the second chamber 242. The lower sealing gasket 270 forms a seal with the sealing protrusion 264 and a vacuum valve 272 positioned vertically downward of the lower sealing gasket 270. The vacuum valve 272 is displaceable along the axis 266 of the cap 206 and includes a vacuum valve spring 274 that biases the vacuum valve 272 against the lower sealing gasket 270. The vacuum valve 272 operates the pressure valve 262 as described above when biased against the lower sealing gasket 270. The vacuum valve 272 also operates to prevent air from entering the cooling system 150 when the system pressure of the cooling system 150 decreases. The system pressure of the cooling system 150 may decrease when the coolant within the cooling system 150 cools after operation of the engine 12. When the system pressure of the cooling system 150 falls below a minimum threshold, the pressure differential between the coolant within the coolant overflow bottle 158 and the coolant within the fluid passage 228 overcomes the biasing force of the vacuum valve spring 274 to displace the vacuum valve 272 downward until equilibrium is reached between the fluid passage 228 and the coolant overflow bottle 158, allowing coolant from the coolant overflow bottle 158 to enter the lower chamber 214 and the fluid passage 228.

[0043] Referring now to FIGS. 17-18, the radiator 152 and blower assembly 154 are shown in greater detail. The radiator 152 includes a frame 300 that supports a heat exchanger 302 and a coolant manifold 304. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the frame 300 comprises a generally rectangular body having a central portion on which the heat exchanger 302 is supported. Similarly, the heat exchanger 302 comprises a generally rectangular body. However, it is contemplated that the frame 300 and heat exchanger 302 may comprise other shapes. The coolant manifold 304 is coupled to the lower vertical portion of the frame 300 and is fluidly coupled to the heat exchanger 302. A similar coolant manifold may be supported by the frame 300 along the upper vertical portion of the frame 300 or along a side portion proximate the upper portion of the frame 300.

[0044] The blower assembly 154 illustratively includes a fan assembly 305 and a shroud 306 surrounding a portion of the fan assembly 305. The fan assembly 305 includes a fan 308 powered by a fan motor 310. The fan motor 310 is coupled, illustratively, to a fan motor mount 312 coupled to the frame 300 of the radiator 152. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the fan motor mount 312 is further coupled to the coolant manifold 304. The fan motor 310 is configured to draw air therethrough and out of the radiator 152 to facilitate cooling of the coolant flowing through the radiator 152.

[0045] The shroud 306 surrounds a portion of the fan assembly 305 such that the fan assembly 305 is positioned longitudinally intermediate the radiator 152 and the shroud 306. As a result, the shroud 306 is positioned longitudinally rearward of the radiator 152 along the longitudinal axis 3. Illustratively, the shroud 306 is removably coupled to the fan motor mount 312. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the shroud 306 includes a plurality of apertures 314 configured to receive respective fixtures 316 for snugly engaging corresponding apertures 318 in the fan motor mount 312.

[0046] The shroud 306 illustratively includes a shell 320 having a plurality of apertures 322, illustratively apertures 322a, 322b, 322c, sized and adapted to direct an air flow away from the radiator 152 and the blower assembly 154 and away from an operator seated in the vehicle 2. More specifically, the apertures 322a, illustratively the elongated slots 324a, 324b, are positioned at the laterally outer side 326 of the shell 320. The elongated slots 324a, 324b are oriented such that the air flow is directed away from the radiator 152 and laterally outward of the operator. The elongated slots 324a, 324b are illustratively arranged parallel to each other, and the elongated slot 324b is positioned longitudinally rearward of the elongated slot 324a. However, it is contemplated that the aperture 322a can also include a single slot or opening.

[0047] The aperture 322b is positioned at the lower part of the shell 320 of the shroud 306. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the aperture 322b is positioned lower vertically than the elongated slots 324a, 324b. The aperture 322b comprises a generally triangular opening oriented to direct an air flow downward and laterally outward of the radiator 152 and the operator. The aperture 322c is positioned at the longitudinally rear portion 328 of the shell 320 and is oriented to direct an air flow rearward of the radiator 152. The aperture 322c can also be positioned further laterally outward than illustrated. The boundary of the aperture 322c may include chamfers. The radiator 152 and the blower assembly 154 are positioned longitudinally forward of the engine 12. Thus, the vehicle 2 may include a deflector (not shown) for directing an air flow from the aperture 322c laterally outward of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the apertures 322a, 322b, 322c are sized to balance the low-speed cooling of the radiator 152 without discharging an excessive amount of hot air to the operator.

[0048] Referring to FIGS. 19 - 25, the exhaust system 34 is shown in more detail. The exhaust system 34 is configured to receive exhaust gases from the engine 12 and then direct those exhaust gases away from the operator and the vehicle 2. The exhaust system 34 illustratively includes an exhaust header 330 fluidly coupled to the engine 12, a catalytic converter 332, and a muffler 334, illustratively a right muffler 334a and a left muffler 334b. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the exhaust header 330 includes a first exhaust duct 336 and a second exhaust duct 338. The first exhaust duct 336 illustratively includes a mounting flange 340 for coupling to the exhaust port of the first cylinder 341 of the engine 12. Similarly, the second exhaust duct 338 includes a mounting flange 342 for coupling to the exhaust port of the second cylinder 343 of the engine 12. However, it is contemplated that the exhaust ducts 336, 338 may be coupled to the exhaust ports of a single cylinder, or that one of the exhaust ducts 336, 338 may be non - functional.

[0049] The exhaust ducts 336, 338 merge downstream at a Y - fitting 344. Illustratively, the first exhaust duct 336 is coupled to the Y - fitting 344 using a pipe clamp 346, and the second exhaust duct 338 is integrally formed with the Y - fitting 344. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the Y - fitting 344 is positioned on the right side of the vehicle 2 and is coupled to the catalytic converter 332 using a pipe clamp 348. The catalytic converter 332 is positioned along the underside of the vehicle 2 and is laterally midway between the left and right sides of the vehicle 2. In one embodiment, the exhaust system 34 may include an additional catalytic converter 333 positioned downstream of the Y - fitting 344 and upstream of the catalytic converter 332. In an alternative embodiment, both exhaust ducts 336, 338 may be integrally formed with the Y - fitting 344 and the catalytic converter 332. Accordingly, the pipe clamps 346, 348 are not required. The exhaust system 34 further includes a laterally - outer heat shield 339 positioned adjacent to the exhaust header 330.

[0050] Referring particularly to FIGS. 20 - 22, the catalytic converter 332 is shown in more detail. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the catalytic converter 332 includes a turtle - shaped body 350 having an intake port 352, a right exhaust port or tail pipe 354a, and a left exhaust port or tail pipe 354b. The intake port 352 extends, illustratively, in front of the body 350 and is configured to receive a Y - shaped fitting 344. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the intake port 352 is positioned on the right side of the catalytic converter 332 and thus on the right side of the vehicle 2.

[0051] The body 350 includes a front portion 360, a central portion 362, and a rear portion 364. The portions 360, 362, 364 are illustratively integrally joined to form a single body 350. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the intake port 352 is integrally formed with the front portion 360, the right tail pipe 354a is integrally formed with the rear portion 364, and the left tail pipe 354b is integrally formed with the central portion 362. A heat shield 365 is coupled to the upper surface of the body 350. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the heat shield 365 is positioned vertically midway between the catalytic converter 332 and the lower structure of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the body 350 and the heat shield 365 include a plurality of clearance regions 367, illustratively clearance regions 3671 - 3674, sized and shaped to receive various components such as, for example, the frame 4, the engine 12, at least one swing arm, a transmission belt, and the rear wheel 8. The advantage of the clearance regions 367 is, inter alia, that the catalytic converter 332 can be packaged close to the lower structure of the vehicle 2. The body 350 also includes a plurality of ports 351, illustratively ports 351a, 351b, in which sensors such as oxygen sensors can be disposed. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the port 351a is positioned upstream of the catalytic converter 322 and the port 351b is positioned downstream of the catalytic converter 322. The advantage of the arrangement of the ports 351a, 351b as shown is that measurements can be made before and after the catalytic converter 322.

[0052] The central portion 362 illustratively includes an inner wall 363 having a central aperture 366 configured to support a catalytic converter cartridge 368. The catalytic converter cartridge 368 includes a generally cylindrical body 370 having a first open end 372 and a second open end 374 opposite the first open end 372. The center 376 of the catalytic converter cartridge 368 includes a material such as a ceramic monolith having a honeycomb structure suitable for catalyzing exhaust gas from, for example, the engine 12. The central portion 362 further includes a wing portion 378 that extends laterally from the central aperture 366. The wing portion 378 includes a contoured surface 380 configured to assist in directing exhaust gas from the intake port 352 toward the central aperture 366. Illustratively, the contoured surface 380 is teardrop-shaped.

[0053] During operation of the engine 12, exhaust gas exits each of the cylinders 341, 343 and enters the exhaust header 330. The exhaust gas flows along the exhaust header 330 and enters the first chamber 382 of the catalytic converter 332 through the intake port 352. The first chamber 382 is defined by the front portion 360 and the central portion 362. When the exhaust gas enters the first chamber 382, the contoured surface 380 directs the exhaust gas toward the central aperture 366 and the catalytic converter cartridge 368. The exhaust gas then passes through the catalytic converter cartridge 368 from the first chamber 382 and enters a second chamber 384 defined by the central portion 362 and the rear portion 364. The catalytic converter cartridge 368 is capable of catalyzing the exhaust gas as the exhaust gas passes through the catalytic converter cartridge 368. When the exhaust gas enters the second chamber 384, it is directed toward the mufflers 334a, 334b through the exhaust ports 354a, 354b, respectively.

[0054] Referring now to FIG. 25, an exemplary muffler 334 is shown. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, mufflers 334a, 334b are identical. The muffler 334 includes, by way of example, a cylinder housing 386 having a coupler 388 for coupling the muffler 334 to each one of a respective one of tail pipes 354 at a first end 390 of the cylinder housing 386. The cylinder housing 386 further includes a muffler tip 394 positioned at a second end 392 of the cylinder housing 386. By way of example, the muffler tip 394 includes a bell or funnel-shaped opening 396 and is supported inside the cylinder housing 386. A first baffle 400 that separates a first chamber 402 from a second chamber 404 is positioned longitudinally rearward of the coupler 388. The first chamber 402 is positioned, by way of example, intermediate the coupler 388 and the first baffle 400, and the second chamber 404 is positioned intermediate the baffle 400 and the second end 392. The first baffle 400 includes, by way of example, a plurality of apertures 406. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the apertures 406 include, by way of example, 52 apertures.

[0055] The muffler 334 further includes an outlet pipe 408 supported within the cylinder housing 386. More specifically, a first end 410 of the outlet pipe 408 is supported by a second baffle 412, and a second end 414 of the outlet pipe 408 is coupled to the muffler tip 394. In this way, the outlet pipe 408 fluidly couples the second chamber 404 to the muffler tip 394. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the end of the first end 410 extends, by way of example, in front of the second baffle 412 and into the second chamber 404. The first end 410 is positioned, by way of example, intermediate the first baffle 400 and the second baffle 412. Similar to the baffle 400, the baffle 412 includes a plurality of apertures 416, by way of example, 34 apertures. A portion 407 of the outer surface 409 of the outlet pipe 408 includes, by way of example, a plurality of radially spaced apertures 411. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the plurality of apertures 411 includes, by way of example, 32 apertures.

[0056] The baffles 400, 412 are coupled to an inner conduit 418 that is supported within the cylinder housing 386. The inner conduit 418 extends, illustratively, from a first end 420 proximate the coupler 388 to a second end 422 spaced longitudinally rearward of the first end 420. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the second end 422 of the inner conduit 418 is positioned intermediate the second baffle 412 and the muffler tip 394 and includes a third baffle 413. A portion 423 of the inner conduit 418 from near the second baffle 412 to near the second end 422 includes a plurality of apertures 424 radially spaced about the outer surface 426 of the inner conduit 418. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the portion 423 of the inner cylinder 418 including the apertures 424 overlaps a portion 407 of the outlet pipe 408 having apertures 411. The muffler 334 further includes a thermal insulation 428 surrounding a portion 430 of the inner conduit 418. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the thermal insulation 428 is positioned intermediate the second end 422 of the inner conduit 418 and the muffler tip 394. As a result, the thermal insulation 428 abuts both the third baffle 413 and the muffler tip 394.

[0057] Exhaust gas from the exhaust port 354 enters the first chamber 402 of the muffler 334 through the coupler 388 and enters the second chamber 404 through the aperture 406 of the first baffle 400. The exhaust gas within the second chamber 404 flows into the outlet pipe 408, proceeds along the outlet pipe 408, and can exit the muffler 334 at the muffler tip 394 or exit the outlet pipe 408 through the aperture 411. The exhaust gas exiting the outlet pipe 408 through the radially spaced apertures 411 enters the internal volume 442 of the inner conduit 418 spaced radially intermediate the outlet pipe 408 and the inner conduit 418. These exhaust gases can circulate within the internal volume 442 and then re-enter the outlet pipe 408 through the aperture 411 and exit the muffler 334 at the muffler tip 394. The advantage of circulating at least a portion of the exhaust gas within the internal volume 442 is, inter alia, that the acoustic level exiting the exhaust gas can be reduced.

[0058] Referring now to FIGS. 26 - 30, the front frame assembly 444 is shown in more detail. The front frame assembly 444 is coupled to the front end 70 of the main portion 66 of the frame 4 proximal to the head tube 68. More specifically, the front frame assembly 444 illustratively includes a fairing support mount 446, a downtube 448, and a bracket 450. The downtubes 448, illustratively downtubes 448a, 448b, are coupled to the front end 70 of the main portion 66 of the frame 4 and generally extend vertically downward. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the vertical lower end of the tube 448 supports the longitudinal front portion of the engine 12. Further, the cooling system 150, particularly the radiator 152, is supported intermediate the downtubes 448a, 448b. Illustratively, the tube 448 is formed from a casting process such as high pressure die casting.

[0059] The brackets 450, illustratively brackets 450a, 450b, are coupled to the upper shoulder 449 of the tube 448 and the fairing support mount 446. In this way, the bracket 450 couples the fairing support mount 446 to the tube 448 and transfers the weight of the front fairing 54 to the tube 448. The bracket 450 illustratively comprises a generally L - shaped body 452 having a generally vertical leg 454 coupled to the upper shoulder 449 and a generally horizontal leg 456 coupled to the fairing support mount 446. The vertical leg 454 includes a mounting flange 458 that is received by the upper shoulder 449 of the tube 448. The mounting flange 458 extends generally vertically from the vertical leg 454 and includes an aperture 460 that is configured to receive respective fixtures 462 for coupling the vertical leg 454 to the tube 448. The horizontal leg 456 includes an aperture 464 that is configured to receive respective fixtures 466 for coupling to the fairing support mount 446. Illustratively, the bracket 450 is formed from a casting process such as high pressure die casting.

[0060] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the fairing support mount 446 is configured to support the front fairing 54 and includes a central mounting 470 that is coupled to the front end 70 of the main portion 66 of the frame 4 longitudinally forward of the head tube 68. The central mounting 470 includes a longitudinal front face 471 and a longitudinal rear face 473. The rear face 473 includes a plurality of apertures 475 configured to receive mounting bolts 477 extending from the front end 70 for coupling the central mounting 470 to the front end 70. The front glass assembly 56 is supported for movement at the front face 471. Wings 472 extend longitudinally rearward from the central mounting 470. The wings 472 include apertures 474 configured to receive respective ones of the fixtures 466 for coupling the brackets 450 to the fairing support mount 446. The central mounting 470 includes an opening 476, the significance of which is described herein.

[0061] FIG. 30 shows the front glass assembly 56 in more detail. The front glass assembly 56 illustratively includes a front glass 518 coupled to a bracket 520 and an electric base 522. The electric base 522 is coupled to the front face 471 of the fairing support mount 446 and includes a motor 524 drivingly engaged with a threaded rod 526. The threaded rod 526 includes a carriage 528 that is linearly repositionable along the threaded rod 526 when the threaded rod 526 rotates about its axis. The bracket 520 is coupled to the carriage 528 and is movable therewith. The bracket 520 includes a recess 521 that corresponds to a recess 519 of the front glass 518 when the front glass 518 is coupled to the bracket 520.

[0062] The electric base 522 allows the operator or control system of the vehicle 2 to adjust the vertical height of the windshield 518 with respect to the front fairing 54. More specifically, when the motor 524 is actuated to raise the windshield 518, the threaded rod 526 rotates in a first direction about its axis, and the carriage 528 travels along the threaded rod 526 until finally the carriage 528 reaches the end of its travel and the windshield 518 is raised to its highest point (see FIG. 32) or an intermediate point therebetween. To lower the windshield 518, the motor 524 is actuated to lower the windshield 518 and the threaded rod 526 rotates in a second direction opposite to the first direction about its axis. The carriage 528 travels along the threaded rod 526 in a direction opposite to when the windshield 518 was raised until finally the carriage 528 reaches the end thereof and the windshield 518 is lowered to its lowest position (see FIG. 33) or an intermediate point therebetween. Thus, the operator can reposition the windshield 518 vertically, for example, to reduce wind buffeting on the head and body of the operator during operation of the vehicle 2.

[0063] Referring now to FIG. 31, the framework 480 of the front fairing 54 is shown in more detail. The framework 480 includes a plurality of frames coupled to the fairing support mounts 446, specifically, a headlight frame 482, a dashboard frame 484, a pair of vent frames 486, a pair of internal storage and speaker volume frames 488, a pair of external storage and speaker volume frames 580, and a pair of vertical frames 490. The headlight frame 482 is coupled to the front face 471 of the central mounting 470 of the fairing support mount 446 and is configured to support the headlight 44 (see FIG. 32) within the central opening 494. The headlight frame 482 includes a pair of vent openings 496 that are oriented symmetrically with respect to the central opening 494. The vent openings 496 are in fluid communication with the internal passageway of the cockpit 516 (see FIG. 34) of the vehicle 2. The headlight frame 482 may also support additional lights such as running lights or turn indicators.

[0064] The dashboard frame 484 is coupled to the upper part of the front surface 471 of the center mounting 470 and includes at least one recess 498 for receiving the windshield assembly 56. The dashboard frame 484 also includes a recess 500 configured to support the instrument assembly 502. The vent frame 486 is coupled to each of the internal storage and speaker volume frames 488 and is configured to engage the rear surface 504 of the headlight frame 482. Inside each vent frame 486, a vent duct 508 is coupled. The vent frame 486 and the vent duct 508 define an opening 506 that engages the rear surface 504 of the headlight frame 482 at the vent opening 496. The internal storage and speaker volume frame 488 is coupled to the rear surface 473 of the center mounting 470 laterally outside the front end portion 70 of the frame 4 and longitudinally rearward of the center mounting 470. The internal storage frame 488 is half of the storage assembly 510 (see FIG. 44) discussed in more detail herein and is coupled to the wing 472 and the bracket 450 laterally outside the vent frame 486.

[0065] Referring to FIGS. 32-37 here, the front fairing 54 includes an outer shell 512 supported by the framework 480. As shown in FIG. 32, the outer shell 512 includes a pair of inlets 514 positioned vertically above the headlight 44. Exemplarily, the inlets 514 are symmetrically positioned about and adjacent to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle 2. However, it is contemplated that the inlets 514 can also be spaced further laterally outward from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the inlets 514 are in fluid communication with the cockpit 516 of the vehicle 2 (see FIG. 34). More specifically, the inlets 514 are in fluid communication with the recess 519 of the windshield 518 and the recess 521 of the bracket 520. As shown in FIGS. 35-37, air flows into the inlets 514 and is transmitted to the cockpit 516 through the recesses 519, 521 and around the instrument assembly 502. When the windshield 518 is raised to a height sufficient for the recesses 519, 521 to be above the upper edge 530 of the front fairing 54, air can flow directly into the cockpit 516 through the recesses 519, 521. The air flowing through the inlets 514 and the recesses 519, 521 can reduce the buffeting felt by the operator and provide an air flow (shown by the phantom line in FIG. 37) so that the operator 523 can obtain thermal comfort. The front fairing 54 also includes a winglet 525 extending laterally outward from the lower portion of the outer shell 512. The winglet 525 can deflect the air flow around the operator 523 during the operation of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the winglet 525 is fixed to the outer shell 512. In an alternative embodiment, the winglet 525 is laterally adjustable relative to the outer shell 512.

[0066] Referring now to FIGS. 34 and 38 - 40, the cockpit 516 includes a steering assembly 20, an instrument assembly 502, a fuel tank assembly 532, a center console 534, a vent door 536, a speaker assembly 538, and a storage volume 540. As discussed above, the steering assembly 20 includes a handlebar 28, and an operator can move or rotate the handlebar 28 about the steering axis to rotate the front wheels 6 left or right. The handlebar 28 includes a right grip 542a and a left grip 542b, which are configured to be gripped by an operator during operation of the vehicle 2. Either of the grips 542a, 542b may be rotatable about its axis, for example, to control the operating characteristics of the vehicle 2 such as acceleration. The handlebar 28 may further include control portions 544a, 544b having at least one button 546 for controlling further operating characteristics of the vehicle 2, such as turning on or off the headlights 44.

[0067] The center console 534 illustratively includes a digital display 548 and a plurality of buttons 550. The display 548 can be configured to display information to an operator, such as the operating characteristics of the vehicle 2. The operating characteristics displayed on the display 548 may include the current vehicle speed, fuel tank level, and direction of travel. The display 548 can also display warnings, error messages, or other useful information such as the current time to the operator. The buttons 550 may be used to interact with the information displayed on the display 548. For example, an operator can acknowledge or reject a warning or change the displayed information. Further, the display 548 may comprise a touch screen that enables an operator to directly interact with the information displayed on the display 548 without the need to utilize the buttons 550. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the center console 534 is coupled to the front fairing 54 and is thus separate from the steering assembly 20 that includes the handlebar 28. For this reason, the center console 534 does not rotate about the steering axis with the steering assembly 20.

[0068] Referring particularly to FIGS. 38 - 40, the vent door 536 provides access to the vent conduit 508 and is positioned on either side of the center console 534 within reach of the operator's hand. More specifically, the vent door 536 includes a central body 552 and a handle 554. The handle 554 is adapted to be grasped by the operator to rotate the handle 554 between a fully closed position (see FIG. 38) and a fully open position (see FIG. 39). In an exemplary embodiment, the central body 552 includes an upper hinge 556 and a lower hinge 558. The hinges 556, 558 include apertures configured to receive a pin 560 for coupling the vent door 536 to the front fairing 54. At least one of the pins 560 may include a barrel damper so that the rotational position of the vent door 536 is maintained. Although the vent door 536 is shown to rotate, it is also contemplated that it could comprise, for example, louvers or a sliding gate operable in a horizontal or vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 40, air flows into the vent opening 496 and through the vent conduit 508. Thus, the vent door 536 is operable to control whether air within the vent conduit 508 flows into the cockpit 516. The central body 552 is sized and configured to mate with the outlet 562 of the vent conduit 508 such that when the vent door 536 is in the closed position, the outlet 562 is substantially closed to air flowing through the vent conduit 508. The air flowing through the vent conduit 508 into the cockpit 516 can provide an air flow so that the operator can obtain thermal comfort.

[0069] Referring now to FIGS. 41 and 42, the instrument assembly 502 includes an instrument pod 564 removably coupled to an instrument 566. The instrument 566 is supported within the dashboard frame 484 and is thus coupled to the front fairing 54 and is separate from the steering assembly 20 including the handlebar 28. The instrument 566 displays information such as the operating characteristics of the vehicle 2 to the operator. Further, the instrument 566 may comprise an analog display, a digital display, or a combination thereof. When the instrument 566 includes a digital display, the operator can change the displayed information, for example, by means of a button 550 or via interaction with the display 548. An additional display screen may be located in the middle of the instrument 566. The advantage of positioning the center console 534 under the instrument assembly 502 is, inter alia, that the display 548 is closer to the operator and thus easier for the operator to interact with. Further, the speedometer displayed via the instrument 566 is closer to the operator's line of sight.

[0070] The instrument pod 564 illustratively includes an instrument hood 568 that partially surrounds an instrument bezel 570 and an instrument trim 572. The instrument bezel 570 and the instrument trim 572 are configured to abut the instrument 566 when the instrument pod 564 is installed. The instrument hood 568 includes at least one tab 574 for installing the instrument pod 564 on the dashboard frame 484. More specifically, the tab 574 is inserted into a corresponding slot 576 in the dashboard frame 484. When the tab 574 is inserted into the corresponding slot 576, the instrument hood 568 is rotated toward the dashboard frame 484 until it engages at least one trim clip 577. The front portion 579 of the instrument hood can be coupled to the dashboard frame 484 using a releasable fixture such as a face fastener. In this way, the instrument pod 564 can be installed and removed without tools. As a result, the instrument pod 564 can be removed for shipping, increasing the packaging efficiency of the vehicle 2.

[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 43 and 44, the speaker assembly 538 and the storage volume 540 are shown in more detail. More specifically, the cockpit 516 includes, by way of example, the speaker assembly 538 and the storage volume 540 positioned laterally outward of the center console 534 and the vent door 536. On each side of the vehicle 2, the speaker assembly 538 and the storage volume 540 are supported within a single container 578, which includes an external storage and speaker volume frame 580 coupled to an internal storage and speaker volume frame 488. The external storage frame 580 can be removably coupled to the internal storage frame 488, for example, using a structural adhesive. The speaker assembly 538 includes a speaker or driver 584 and a grill 586. The driver 584 is housed within the sealed and bass-reflex speaker volume 582 of the external storage frame 580. More specifically, the volume 582 includes a bass-reflex opening 583. Sound from the driver 584 is directed from the bass-reflex speaker volume 582 through an opening 588 towards the operator. The grill 586 covers the opening 588 when the driver 584 is housed within the bass-reflex speaker volume 582. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the bass-reflex speaker volume 582 is positioned at the top of the single container 578. The storage volume 540 is formed below the bass-reflex speaker volume 582 at the bottom of the single container 578 and is sized and shaped, for example, to store personal items of the operator during operation of the vehicle 2. A lid 590 is configured to secure the storage volume 540. In one embodiment, the lid 590 may include a lock.

[0072] Referring to FIGS. 45 and 46 here, the electronic equipment shelf 600 is housed within the front fairing 54 and supported by the framework 480. The electronic equipment shelf 600 includes a generally crescent-shaped body 602 with at least one aperture 604 located at each end. The aperture 604 is configured to receive a fixture (not shown) for coupling the electronic equipment shelf 600 to the framework 480. The electronic equipment shelf 600 is configured to receive a plurality of control devices or modules 608, illustratively modules 608a - e. The electronic equipment shelf 600 includes various wells 610, illustratively wells 610a - e, sized and shaped to receive one of each of the modules 608a - e. However, it is also contemplated that the electronic equipment shelf 600 may not always include all of the modules 608a - e. More specifically, the number and type of modules 608 may vary depending on, for example, the use of the vehicle 2. Thus, modules 608b - e are shown in phantom lines.

[0073] If one of the modules 608 includes a cellular modem, the electronic equipment shelf 600 may further include routing for an antenna. The routing can be configured to optimize the length of the antenna. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the connector 607 of the module 608, illustratively connector 607a, is oriented longitudinally rearward in the electronic equipment shelf 600 such that a corresponding wiring harness can be inserted from the central portion of the framework 480.

[0074] Referring now to FIGS. 47 - 51, the fuel tank assembly 532 includes a fuel tank 612 and a fuel tank console 614. The fuel tank console 614 includes a fuel door assembly 616 that provides access to the interior volume of the fuel tank 612. The fuel door assembly 616 illustratively includes a collar 618 and a fuel door 620 pivotally coupled to the collar 618. The door 620 is pivotable between an open position providing access to the interior volume of the fuel tank 612 and a closed position where access to the interior volume is not possible. The fuel door assembly 616 further includes a latch or securing mechanism 622 for securing the fuel tank 612 in the closed position. The securing mechanism 622 rotates about a pin 624 and engages a lip 626 of the door 620 to prevent the door 620 from rotating about a pin 628 and is configured to secure the fuel tank 612 in the closed position. The fuel door assembly 616 also includes a microswitch 630. When the door 620 is in the closed position, the microswitch 630 is engaged by a portion 632 of the door 620. In this way, the control device monitors whether the door 620 is in the closed position.

[0075] The fuel door assembly 616 also includes a locking mechanism 634 configured to lock the door 620 in the closed position. The locking mechanism 634 includes a control and power cable 636 electrically coupled to a motor 638. Actuation of the motor 638 laterally displaces a locking pin 640 between an unlocked position and a locked position. When the motor 638 is actuated to displace the locking pin 640 to the unlocked position, the securing mechanism 622 can pivot freely about the pin 624 and releases the door 620 from the closed position. Conversely, when the motor 638 is actuated to displace the locking pin 640 to the locked position, the locking pin 640 engages a leg 642 of the securing mechanism 622, thereby preventing the securing mechanism from rotating about the pin 624. As a result, the door 620 is locked in the closed position.

[0076] Referring now to FIGS. 52 and 53, the rear suspension assembly 24 is shown in more detail. The rear suspension assembly 24 includes a shock absorber assembly 644 pivotally coupled to the rear end portion 104 of the main portion 66 of the frame 4 and having an upper strut mount 646 and a lower strut mount 648. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the upper strut mount 646 is pivotally coupled to the rear end portion 104, and the lower strut mount 648 is coupled to one of the swing arms 650 that rotatably supports the rear wheel 8. A shock absorber 652 surrounded by a coil spring 654 is pivotally coupled to the upper strut mount 646 and the lower strut mount 648. The swing arm 650 is pivotally coupled to a pivot axis 651 that enables the swing arm 650 to rotate relative to the engine 12. The rear suspension assembly 24 controls the relative movement between the swing arm 650 and the engine 12 by resisting vertical displacement of the swing arm 650 relative to the engine 12.

[0077] The initial resistance of the rear suspension assembly 24 can be customized by adjusting the "preload" of the shock absorber 652 and the coil spring 654. By increasing the preload of the shock absorber 652 and the coil spring 654, the functional ride height of the vehicle 2 is increased, or an increase in load, such as the weight of luggage or the operator, is compensated. Conversely, by decreasing the "preload" of the shock absorber 652 and the coil spring 654, the functional ride height of the vehicle 2 is decreased, or a decrease in load, such as the weight of luggage or the operator, is compensated. The shock absorber assembly 644 includes an adjuster 656 having a tool engagement portion 658 and a visual indicator 660 configured to visually indicate the current preload in the shock absorber 652 and the coil spring 654. More specifically, the visual indicator 660 includes a plurality of dividing lines 662, illustratively dividing lines 6621 to 6628, to visually indicate the current preload setting position to the operator. Rotation of the tool engagement portion 658 in a first direction causes the visual indicator 660 to enter the adjuster housing 664 in color 666. The deeper the visual indicator 660 is inserted into the housing 664, the fewer dividing lines 662 are visible to the operator. Similarly, rotation of the tool engagement portion 658 in a second direction opposite to the first direction causes the visual indicator 660 to exit the housing 664. The more the visual indicator 600 extends out of the housing 664, the more dividing lines 662 become visible to the operator. The visual indicator 660 is adjustable between a fully inserted position where no dividing lines 662 are visible to the operator or only one is visible, and a fully extended position where all or eight of the dividing lines 662 are visible to the operator.

[0078] Referring now to FIGS. 54 - 56, the crankcase 668 of the powertrain assembly 10 includes a crankcase housing 669 having a channel 670 therein. The channel 670 is configured to receive a cable 674 for routing along the crankcase housing 669. Further, the channel 670 is sized and adapted to receive the cable 674 inside the outer surface 672 of the crankcase housing 669. In this way, the cable 674 can be protected from the moving components of the powertrain assembly 10, such as drive belts and gears. Exemplarily, the cable 674 comprises a gear position sensor wire. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the channel 670 is cast during the casting process for forming the crankcase housing 669. The casting process may include, for example, high pressure die casting. The crankcase housing 669 further includes a heat shield 671 coupled thereto. The heat shield 671 is positioned, exemplarily, lower than the drive belts and gears of the powertrain assembly 10. In this way, the heat shield 671 protects these components from the heat generated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust system 34.

[0079] A bottom perspective view of the front fender 680 of the vehicle 2 is shown. The front fender 680 is configured to be coupled to the front wheel 6 and includes a generally crescent-shaped body 682 having an inner surface 684 adjacent to the vehicle 2 and an outer surface 686. The outer surface 686 can be coupled with an illuminated emblem, a badge, or other decorative items. The inner surface 684 includes an integrated wiring harness 687 for routing the power cable 692 from the badge to the power source of the vehicle 2. The wiring harness 687 includes a front wiring harness 688 adapted to conform to the inner surface 684. The harness 688 includes a plurality of retention clips 694 for securing the power cable 692 to the harness 688. The integrated wiring harness 687 also includes a wiring channel 690 integrally formed with one of the fender mounts 696. The wiring channel 690 routes the power cable 692 from the harness 688 to the leg 698 of the fender mount 696. From the leg 698, the power cable 692 can be routed to the power source. The wiring channel 690 is sized and adapted to route the power cable 692 along the inner surface 684 of the front fender 680. An advantage of the integrated wiring harness 687 is that, among other things, the front fender 680 can be packaged in close proximity to the vehicle 2.

[0080] Referring now to FIG. 59, a paddle light 700 is shown. The paddle light 700 is positioned at a longitudinally forward position of the engine 12 proximal to the cooling system 150. More specifically, the paddle light 700 is positioned vertically lower than the cooling system 150 and is configured to illuminate the ground below the vehicle 2. The paddle light 700 may be configured to illuminate the ground when the vehicle 2 is stopped, thereby providing a guiding light for an operator exiting the vehicle 2.

[0081] Referring now to FIG. 60, a clutch housing or cover 702 is shown coupled to the crankcase housing 669. The cover 702 includes a shell 704 sized and configured to receive at least a portion of the clutch assembly. The shell 704 includes a lower, generally planar surface 706. The planar surface 706 includes a pivotally coupled lever arm 712 that is operable to engage and disengage the clutch. A clutch cable 708 is coupled to the distal end 713 of the lever arm 712. Actuation of the clutch cable 708 in a first direction 714 pivots the lever arm 712 in a first direction 720 about a front axis 718 to disengage the clutch. Release of the clutch cable 708 in a second direction 716 pivots the lever arm 712 in a second direction 722 about its front axis 718 to engage the clutch. The tension of the clutch cable 708, and thus the starting angular position of the lever arm 712 relative to the front axis 718, can be adjusted using a threaded adjuster 710.

[0082] Referring now to FIGS. 61-64, the front wheel 6 is shown in more detail. The front wheel 6 illustratively includes a tire 730 supported by a rim 732. The rim 732 is rotatably coupled to a front fork 736 of the front suspension assembly 22. More specifically, the tire 730 and the rim 732 are rotatable about a front axle 734. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a brake disk 738 is fixedly coupled to the rim 732 and rotates therewith. The brake disk 738 is configured to be engaged by a brake caliper to control the rotation of the tire 730 and the rim 732.

[0083] A wheel speed sensor assembly 740 is positioned intermediate the front fork 736 and the rim 732. The wheel speed sensor assembly 740 illustratively includes a wheel speed sensor housing 742, a bearing seal 744, a tone ring 746, and a bearing 752. The bearing 752 is received within a hub 750 of the rim 732 and rotatably couples the rim 732 to the front axle 734. The sensor housing 742 includes a wheel speed sensor 743 adjacent to the tone ring 746. The wheel speed sensor 743 is configured to measure the rotational speed of the tone ring 746 to determine the rotational speed of the vehicle 2. The distance between the wheel speed sensor 743 and the tone ring 746 is indicated by a gap 748. The wheel speed sensor 743 illustratively includes a reverse-biased Hall effect sensor, and the tone ring 746 includes an iron material. However, it is contemplated that other suitable sensors may be used to measure the rotational speed of the vehicle 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the tone ring 746 is included within the bearing seal 744. As a result, the tone ring 746 is visually hidden and protected from corrosion or debris intrusion. Further, integrating the tone ring 746 with the bearing seal 744 allows the wheel speed sensor assembly 740 to be packaged between the front fork 736 and the rim 732. As a result, the gap 748 can be minimized.

[0084] Referring now to FIGS. 65 - 67, a wireless key fob 760 for a vehicle 2 is shown. The wireless key fob 760 illustratively includes a generally oval body 762 having an operator interface surface 764 and a back surface 766 opposite the surface 764. The body 762 includes a loop 768 adapted to receive a securing member such as a key ring or a strap. The operator interface surface 764 includes a plurality of buttons 770, illustratively an accessory lock button 7701 and an accessory unlock button 7702. The buttons 770 can include a textured surface or a visual indicator so that an operator can distinguish between the individual buttons and their functions. Further, the buttons 770 can include push buttons or capacitive sensing buttons. The wireless key fob 760 includes two buttons, but it is contemplated that the wireless key fob 760 can include more or fewer than two buttons. For example, the back surface 766 can include a push button. Either of the surfaces 764, 766 can display a badge, an emblem, or an icon.

[0085] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the back surface 766 forms the outer surface of the battery cover 772 of the wireless key fob 760. The battery cover 772 covers a battery compartment (not shown) of the wireless key fob 760 where a power source such as a battery is located to supply power to the functional parts of the wireless key fob 760. The battery cover 272 includes a release tab 788 that, when actuated, releases the battery cover 772 from the wireless key fob 760. Exemplarily, the release tab 788 may be pushed upward to be actuated. The wireless key fob 760 also includes a courtesy key 776 having a handle 778 and a key blade 780 extending therefrom. The wireless key fob 760 includes a storage cavity 782 configured to receive the key blade 780 and at least a portion of the handle 778. The handle 778 includes a guide pin 784, and the wireless key fob 760 includes a corresponding recess 785 to assist the operator in aligning the key 776 within the storage cavity 782. The handle 778 also includes a tab 786 that extends at an acute angle and is configured to be received over the corresponding release tab 788 of the oval body 762 and the battery cover 772. Thus, when the courtesy key 776 is stored in the cavity 782, the tab 786 is received over the release tab 788 and the release tab 788 cannot be actuated (e.g., pulled up) to release the battery cover 772.

[0086] Referring to FIGS. 68-74 here, a fuel door lock and unlock system 800 and its operation are illustrated. The operator can lock and unlock vehicle components such as the saddlebag 790 of the saddlebag assembly 58 and the fuel door 620 by using the button 550 on the center console 534, a plurality of buttons (not shown) on the fuel tank console 614, or the button 770 on the wireless key fob 760. Generally, when the fuel door 620 is in the open position, the fuel door 620 is not locked. When the saddlebag 790 is locked, the fuel door 620 is locked. Alternatively, when the engine 12 is started, the fuel door 620 is locked. When the operator activates the fuel door unlock button, the fuel door 620 is unlocked. However, when the engine 12 is running, even if the fuel door unlock button is activated, the fuel door 620 is not unlocked.

[0087] The unlock system 800 can display various warning screens or messages on the digital display 548 of the center console 534. For example, when the fuel door 620 is open but the engine 12 is not running, the unlock system 800 may display a partial warning screen on the digital display 548. The partial warning screen includes an oil change warning, a tire pressure drop warning, or a battery drop warning. This partial warning screen may be dismissible by the operator. Alternatively, when the fuel door 620 is open and the engine 12 is running, the unlock system 800 can display a full-screen warning. When the engine 12 or the vehicle 2 is also operating at a low speed, the center console 534 can emit a small audible warning in addition to the full-screen warning. Conversely, when the engine 12 or the vehicle 2 is also operating at a high speed, the center console 534 can emit a certain audible warning in addition to the full-screen warning. In one embodiment, the low speed may be about 8 kilometers per hour ("km / h"), and the high speed may be about 16 km / h.

[0088] Referring particularly to FIG. 68, the unlock system 800 includes a vehicle control module ( "VCM") 804, a wireless control module ( "WCM") 806, an engine control module ( "ECM") 808, an anti-lock brake system ( "ABS") 809, a microswitch 630, a digital display module 549 that communicates with a digital display 548, an integrated smart power module ( "SPS") 810, a saddlebag unlock button 812, a fuel door unlock button 814, a saddlebag lock button 816, and an audible sound generator 824. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the microswitch 630 is communicatively coupled to the VCM 804. As discussed herein, the microswitch 630 provides an indication of whether the fuel door 620 is in the open position or the closed position. Buttons 812, 814, 816 are individually coupled to the wireless control module 806, and the wireless control module 806 communicates with the VCM 804 using a communication network or communication bus, illustratively a controller area network ( "CAN") 818. The WCM 806 communicates information such as whether any of the buttons 812, 814, 816 are pressed via the CAN 818. The WCM 806 also communicates authentication and ignition status via the CAN 818. The ECM 808 communicates information such as engine speed to the VCM 804 via the CAN 820. The ABS 809 communicates information such as vehicle speed to the VCM 804 via the CAN 821. The display module 549 communicates with the VCM 804 using the CAN 822. The display module 549 communicates information such as the operating status of the engine 12 and whether the fuel door 620 is open or closed. Further, the display module 549 communicates with the SPS 810 using the CAN 826. The SPS 810 supplies power to a siren or audible sound generator 824. Thus, the SPS 810 communicates speaker on and off information to the SPS 810.

[0089] Referring specifically to FIG. 69, the first operation process 900 of the unlock system 800 shows a process in which the ignition of the vehicle 2 is off and the operator presses the fuel door unlock button 814. The first operation process 900 starts from a block 902 where the ignition is turned off. In block 904, the operator activates the fuel door unlock button 814 to unlock the fuel door 620. The fuel door unlock button 814 can be located on the wireless key fob or mounted on the dashboard. In block 906, the WCM 806 authenticates the operator's wireless key fob used by the operator. In block 908, the WCM 806 determines whether the wireless key fob meets the authentication criteria. If not, the first operation process 900 returns to block 906. If the wireless key fob meets the authentication criteria, the first operation process 900 proceeds to block 909. In block 909, the WCM 806 sends the fuel door unlock button status to the VCM 804. In block 910, the VCM 804 activates the motor 638 to unlock the fuel door 620 and saves the current fuel door status (i.e., unlocked) in its memory. Then, the first operation process 900 returns to block 902.

[0090] Referring specifically to FIGS. 70A and 70B, the second operation process 1000 of the unlocking system 800 shows a process in which the ignition of the vehicle 2 is off and the operator presses either the saddlebag lock button 816 or the unlock button 7702 of the wireless key fob 760. The second operation process 1000 starts from block 1002 where the ignition is turned off. In block 1004, the operator activates either the saddlebag lock button 816 or the unlock button 7702 of the wireless key fob 760. In block 1006, the WCM 806 authenticates the wireless key fob used by the operator. In block 1008, the WCM 806 determines whether the wireless key fob meets the authentication criteria. If not, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1006. If it meets the criteria, block 1008 proceeds simultaneously to blocks 1009 and 1012. In block 1009, the WCM 806 sends the lock button status to the VCM 804. From block 1009, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1010. In block 1010, the VCM 804 locks the saddlebag 790 and stores the current saddlebag status (i.e., locked) in its memory. From block 1010, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1002.

[0091] In block 1012, VCM 804 determines whether the fuel door 620 is open by polling the microswitch 630. If VCM 804 determines that the fuel door 620 is open, the second operation process 1000 moves to block 1014. In block 1014, the second operation process 1000 waits for the timer to expire, for example, waits for 1 second. When the timer expires, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1016. In block 1016, VCM 804 determines whether the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag is set. If this flag is set, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1018. In block 1018, VCM 804 determines whether Y calibration possible seconds have elapsed. If Y seconds have elapsed, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1020. In block 1020, VCM 804 enters the "Normal ignition off state". Then, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1022. In block 1022, VCM 804 clears the "Fuel door open; tone activated" flag. Then, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1002.

[0092] If, at block 1012, the VCM 804 determines that the fuel door 620 is not open, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1028, where the VCM 804 clears the "Fuel door open; Tone activated" flag as necessary. Next, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1030, where the VCM 804 locks the fuel door 620 and stores the current fuel door status (i.e., unlocked) in its memory. Then, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1002. If, at block 1014, the timer has not expired, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1012. If, at block 1016, the "Fuel door open; Tone activated" flag is not set, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1024, where the VCM 804 sounds the siren at X times the normal speed. Next, the second operation process 1000 proceeds to block 1026, where the VCM 804 sets the "Fuel door open; Tone activated" flag and proceeds to block 1018. If, at block 1018, Y seconds have not yet elapsed, the second operation process 1000 returns to block 1012.

[0093] In particular, referring to FIGS. 71A to 71C, the third operation process 1100 of the unlocking system 800 indicates the normal operation of the vehicle 2. The third operation process 1100 starts from block 1102, where the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on. In block 1104, the unlocking system 800 operates with normal system functions. In block 1106, the third operation process 1100 waits for the timer to expire, and illustratively waits for 1 second. In block 1108, the VCM 804 determines whether the fuel door 620 is open by polling the microswitch 630. If the fuel door 620 is open, the third operation process 1100 proceeds to block 1110, where the VCM 804 communicates with the ECM 808 to determine whether the engine 12 is running. If the engine 12 is running, the VCM 804 sets a "Fuel door open, engine running" flag in block 1112. In block 1114, the digital display 548 displays a full-screen warning of "Fuel door open". In block 1116, the VCM 804 communicates with the ECM 808 to determine whether the vehicle speed is greater than the set value X. If the vehicle speed is greater than X, in block 1118, the digital display 548 sounds a continuous audible sound or alert via the audible sound generator 824. Then, the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106.

[0094] In block 1108, if the VCM804 determines that the fuel door 620 is not open, the third operation process 1100 proceeds to block 1120. In block 1120, the VCM804 clears the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag. In block 1122, the VCM804 clears the "Vehicle speed > calibrated value" flag. In block 1124, the VCM804 sets the status to "Fuel door open, engine running". In block 1126, the VCM804 sets the status to "Fuel door open, engine stopped". In block 1128, the VCM804 sets the status to "Engine running, fuel door cannot be locked". In block 1130, the digital display 548 removes the "Fuel door open" partial screen warning as necessary. In block 1132, the digital display 548 removes the "Fuel door open" full screen warning as necessary. In block 1134, the display module 549 sets the "Vehicle speed > calibrated value" flag. In block 1136, the display module 549 clears the "Fuel door open" flag as necessary. In block 1138, the display module 549 stops the continuous tone or alert as necessary, and the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1104.

[0095] In block 1110, if the VCM804 determines that the engine 12 is not running, the third operation process 1100 proceeds to block 1140. In block 1140, the VCM804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine stopped" flag. In block 1142, the digital display 548 displays the "Fuel door open" partial screen warning. In block 1144, the VCM804 clears the "Engine running, fuel door open" flag. In block 1146, the VCM804 clears the "Vehicle speed > calibrated value" flag, and the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106.

[0096] In block 1116, when the VCM804 determines that the vehicle speed is X or less, in block 1148, the VCM804 determines whether the vehicle speed is greater than the set value Y. If the vehicle speed is greater than Y, the third operation process 1100 proceeds to blocks 1150 and 1156 simultaneously. In block 1150, the VCM804 sets the "Vehicle speed > Calibration value" flag. In block 1152, the VCM804 determines whether the "Fuel door tone flag" is 1. If this flag is 1, in block 1154, the VCM804 determines whether the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag is set. If this flag is set, the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106. In block 1156, the display module 549 sets the "Vehicle speed > Calibration value" flag. In block 1158, the display module 549 stops continuous tones or alerts as necessary. In block 1160, the VCM804 determines whether the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag is set. If this flag is set, the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106.

[0097] In block 1148, when the VCM804 determines that the vehicle speed is less than Y, in block 1162, the VCM804 determines whether the vehicle speed is less than the set value Z. If the vehicle speed is greater than Z, the third operation process 1100 proceeds to blocks 1164 and 1166 simultaneously. In block 1164, the VCM804 clears the "Vehicle speed > Calibration value" flag, and the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106. In block 1166, the display module 549 clears the "Fuel door open" flag, and the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106. In block 1162, when the VCM804 determines that the vehicle speed is less than Z, the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106.

[0098] In block 1154, when VCM804 determines that the "Fuel Door Open, Tone Activated" flag is not set, in block 1168, VCM804 sounds the siren at X times the speed. In block 1170, VCM804 sets the "Engine Running, Fuel Door Open" flag, and the third operation process 1100 returns to block 1106.

[0099] In block 1160, when the display module 549 determines that the "Fuel Door Open, Tone Activated" flag is still not present, in block 1172, the display module 549 sets the "Fuel Door Open" flag. In block 1174, the digital display 548 sounds the tone at i times the speed.

[0100] Referring now to FIG. 72, the fourth operation process 1200 shows the process when the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on, the unlocking system 800 is operating in the normal system function, and the operator presses the fuel door unlock button 814. The fourth operation process 1200 starts from the block 1202 where the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on. In block 1204, the unlocking system 800 is operating in the normal system function. In block 1206, the operator activates the fuel door unlock button 814 to unlock the fuel door 620. In block 1208, the VCM 804 communicates with the ECM 808 to determine whether the engine 12 is running. If the VCM 804 determines that the engine 12 is running, in block 1210, the VCM 804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine running" flag. In block 1212, the digital display 548 displays a removable partial screen warning of "Engine running: Fuel door unlock impossible". In block 1214, the display module 549 determines whether the operator has dismissed this partial screen warning. If the operator has dismissed the warning, the display module 549 removes the partial screen warning of "Engine running: Fuel door unlock impossible", and the fourth operation process 1200 returns to block 1204. In block 1214, if the display module 549 determines that the operator has not dismissed the warning, the fourth operation process 1200 returns to block 1212 and continues to display the warning. The fourth operation process 1200 circulates through blocks 1212 and 1214 and waits for the operator to dismiss the warning. After X seconds, if the operator has not dismissed the warning, in block 1218, the display module 549 determines that X seconds have elapsed, and the fourth operation process 1200 proceeds to block 1216.

[0101] In block 1208, if the VCM 804 determines that the engine 12 is not running, in block 1220, the digital display 548 removes the "Engine running: Fuel door cannot be opened" partial screen warning as required. In block 1222, the VCM 804 unlocks the fuel door 620 and saves the current fuel door status (i.e., unlocked) in its memory. In block 1224, the VCM 804 clears the "Fuel door open, engine running" flag, and the fourth operation process 1200 returns to block 1204.

[0102] Referring now to FIGS. 73A - 73C, the fifth operation process 1300 shows the process when the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on, the unlocking system 800 is operating in its normal system function, and the operator activates the saddlebag lock button 816. The fifth operation process 1300 starts from block 1302 with the ignition of the vehicle 2 being on. In block 1304, the unlocking system 800 is operating in its normal system function. In block 1306, the operator activates the saddlebag lock button 816 to lock the saddlebag 790. In block 1308, the VCM 804 locks the vertical frame 490 and saves the current saddlebag status (i.e., locked) in its memory. In block 1310, the VCM 804 polls the microswitch 630 to determine whether the fuel door 620 is open. If the VCM 804 determines that the fuel door 620 is open, in block 1312, the VCM 804 communicates with the ECM 808 to determine whether the engine 12 is running. If the VCM 804 determines that the engine 12 is running, in block 1314, the VCM 804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine running" flag. In block 1316, the digital display 548 displays a full - screen warning of "Fuel door open". In block 1318, the digital display module 549 determines whether the "Engine running, fuel door open" flag is set. If this flag is set, the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304.

[0103] If the VCM804 determines in block 1310 that the fuel door 620 is not open, then in block 1320, the VCM804 locks the fuel door 620 and stores the current fuel door status (i.e., locked) in its memory. In step 1322, the VCM804 waits until a set time, illustratively 1 second, has elapsed. In block 1324, the VCM804 clears the "Engine running, fuel door open" flag. In blocks 1326 and 1328, the VCM804 clears the "Fuel door open, engine running" and "Fuel door open, engine stopped" flags. In block 1330, the digital display module 549 clears the "Engine running, fuel door open" flag. In block 1332, the digital display 548 removes the full-screen warning of "Fuel door open" if necessary. In block 1334, the digital display 548 removes the partial-screen warning of "Fuel door open" if necessary, and the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304.

[0104] If the VCM804 determines in block 1312 that the engine 12 is not operating, then in block 1336, the VCM804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine stopped" flag. In block 1338, the digital display 548 displays the partial-screen warning of "Fuel door open", and the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304.

[0105] When the digital display module 549 determines in block 1318 that the "engine running, fuel door open" flag is set, in block 1340, the digital display module 549 determines whether the set period, exemplarily 1 second, has elapsed. If the set period has elapsed, the VCM 804 proceeds to blocks 1342 and 1348 simultaneously. In block 1342, the VCM 804 determines whether the "fuel door tone" flag is 1. If this flag is 1, in block 1344, the VCM 804 sets the "engine running, fuel door open" flag, and in block 1346, the VCM 804 sounds the siren at X times the speed. Then, the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304. In block 1348, the digital display module 549 sets the "engine running, fuel door open" flag, and in block 1350, the digital display 548 sounds the tone or alert at X times the speed. Then, the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304.

[0106] In block 1340, if the set period has not elapsed, the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1316. In block 1342, if the VCM 804 determines that the "fuel door tone" flag is not 1, the fifth operation process 1300 returns to block 1304.

[0107] In particular, referring to FIGS. 74A to 74C, the sixth operation process 1400 shows the process when the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on, the unlocking system 800 is operating in the normal system function, and the operator starts the engine 12. The sixth operation process 1400 starts from block 1401, and the ignition of the vehicle 2 is on. In block 1402, the unlocking system 800 is operating in the normal system function. In block 1404, the operator starts the engine 12. In block 1406, the VCM 804 polls the microswitch 630 to determine whether the fuel door 620 is open. If the VCM 804 determines that the fuel door 620 is open, in block 1408, the VCM 804 waits for a period, illustratively 1 second, to elapse. In block 1410, the VCM 804 communicates with the ECM 808 to determine whether the engine 12 is operating. If the VCM 804 determines that the engine 12 is operating, in block 1412, the VCM 804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine running" flag. In block 1414, the digital display 548 displays a full-screen warning of "Fuel door open", and the sixth operation process 1400 proceeds to block 1420. In block 1420, the digital display module 549 determines whether the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag is set. If the flag is set, the sixth operation process 1400 returns to block 1406.

[0108] In block 1406, if VCM804 determines that the fuel door 620 is not open, in block 1424, VCM804 waits for a set period, illustratively 1 second, to elapse. In block 1426, VCM804 locks the fuel door 620 and saves the current fuel door status (i.e., locked) in its memory. In block 1428, VCM804 clears the "Fuel door open, engine stopped" flag. In block 1430, VCM804 clears the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag. In block 1432, VCM804 clears the "Engine running, fuel door open" flag. In block 1434, digital display 548 removes the full-screen warning of "Fuel door open" if necessary. In block 1436, digital display 548 removes the partial-screen warning of "Fuel door open" if necessary. In block 1438, digital display module 549 sets the "Vehicle speed > calibrated value" flag. In block 1440, digital display module 549 clears the "Fuel door open" flag, and the sixth operation process 1400 returns to block 1402.

[0109] In block 1410, if VCM804 determines that the engine 12 is not running, in block 1442, VCM804 sets the "Fuel door open, engine stopped" flag. In block 1446, digital display 548 displays the partial-screen warning of "Fuel door open", and the sixth operation process 1400 returns to block 1406.

[0110] In block 1420, if digital display module 549 determines that the "Fuel door open, tone activated" flag is not set, in block 1452, digital display module 549 sets the "Fuel door open" flag. In block 1454, digital display 548 sounds a tone or alert at i times the speed, and the sixth operation process 1400 returns to block 1402.

[0111] The present invention has been described by way of example, but the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention using the general principles of the present invention. Furthermore, this application is intended to cover departures from this disclosure that are within the known or customary practice in the art to which the present invention pertains. The present invention also includes the following embodiments. Embodiment 1 A frame assembly extending longitudinally from a front end portion to a second end portion, the frame assembly including a front frame member and a downtube assembly coupled to the front frame member, a plurality of ground engaging members for supporting the frame assembly on the ground, and a fairing coupled to the front frame member and the downtube assembly. A two-wheeled vehicle comprising the above. Embodiment 2 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 1, further comprising a bracket coupled to the downtube assembly and the fairing. Embodiment 3 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 2, further comprising a steering assembly, wherein the front frame member includes a head tube configured to receive a portion of the steering assembly, and the bracket extends from a position longitudinally forward of the head tube to a position longitudinally rearward of the head tube. Embodiment 4 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 2, wherein the fairing includes an outer fairing member and an inner fairing member, and the bracket is coupled to the inner fairing member. Embodiment 5 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 4, wherein the bracket includes a generally vertical leg coupled to the downtube assembly and a generally horizontal leg coupled to the inner fairing member. Embodiment 6 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 5, wherein the downtube assembly supports a radiator. Embodiment 7 A frame, A plurality of ground engaging members for supporting the frame on the ground, An engine supported by the frame intermediate the plurality of intermediate ground engaging members, A cooling system coupled to the frame intermediate a first one of the plurality of ground engaging members and the engine, the cooling system including a fan and a shroud surrounding at least a portion of the fan, the shroud including a plurality of apertures adapted to direct an air flow laterally outwardly from the fan, A two-wheeled vehicle comprising the above. Embodiment 8 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 7, further comprising at least one opening adapted to direct an air flow rearward from the fan. Embodiment 9 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 7, further comprising at least one opening positioned vertically below the fan and adapted to direct an air flow downward from the fan. Embodiment 10 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 7, wherein the plurality of apertures includes at least a first aperture adapted to direct an air flow laterally outward in a first direction, a second aperture adapted to direct an air flow in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third aperture adapted to direct an air flow in a third direction different from the first and second directions. Embodiment 11 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 7, wherein the shroud is configured to at least partially receive a coolant conduit. Embodiment 12 A frame having a main frame portion defining an air box, A plurality of ground engaging members for supporting the frame on the ground, An engine supported by the frame, An air filter fluidly coupled to the engine and the main frame portion, A two-wheeled vehicle comprising the above. Embodiment 13 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 12, wherein the engine includes a valve cover and the air cleaner is coupled to the valve cover. Embodiment 14 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 12, wherein the air cleaner cooperates with the engine and the air box to flow air upward from the engine into the air box and recirculate the air to the engine. Embodiment 15 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 14, wherein the air box includes an air filter and the air filter is positioned in front of the air cleaner. Embodiment 16 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 15, wherein the air cleaner is coupled to the main frame portion at the lowest vertical portion of the main frame portion. Embodiment 17 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 16, wherein the air cleaner is configured to receive a mixture of oil and air, the main frame portion is configured to collect oil separated from the mixture of oil and air, and flow the oil through the air cleaner to the engine. Embodiment 18 A frame, A plurality of ground engaging members for supporting the frame on the ground, An engine supported by the frame, An exhaust system fluidly coupled to the engine, the exhaust system including a muffler having a cylindrical housing extending from a first end to a second end and a first baffle supported within the housing proximal to the first end of the cylindrical housing, wherein the second end of the cylindrical housing includes a muffler tip. A two-wheeled vehicle comprising. Embodiment 19 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 18, wherein the muffler further includes an outlet pipe supported within the cylindrical housing by a second baffle, the outlet pipe being coupled to the muffler tip. Embodiment 20 The first end portion and the first baffle define a first internal chamber of the cylindrical housing, and the first baffle and the second baffle define a second internal chamber of the cylindrical housing, the two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 19. Embodiment 21 The outlet pipe includes a plurality of apertures spaced apart in the radial direction, and the apertures spaced apart in the radial direction are located between the second baffle and the muffler tip, the two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 20. Embodiment 22 The length between the first end portion and the second end portion defines the length of the cylindrical housing, and the first baffle is positioned within the first half of the length of the cylindrical housing, the two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 18. Embodiment 23 The first baffle is positioned within the first one-third of the length of the cylindrical housing, the two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 22. Embodiment 24 A frame assembly including a front frame portion and a rear frame portion, A body assembly coupled to the frame assembly and positioned on the front frame portion, including a fairing, A plurality of ground-engaging members configured to support the frame assembly and the body assembly, An operator area including a seat supported by the frame assembly, A two-wheeled vehicle comprising a front glass assembly supported by the front frame portion and positioned in front of the seat, wherein the front glass assembly has a recess and includes a front glass member configured to move generally perpendicular to the fairing, and when the front glass member is in a first position, the recess of the front glass member cooperates with the fairing to define an air opening, and when the front glass member is in a second position, the recess of the front glass member is hidden by the fairing. Two-wheeled vehicle. Embodiment 25 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 24, wherein the recess is defined in the lowermost range of the front glass member. Embodiment 26 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 24, wherein the size of the air opening increases in the moving direction of the front glass member. Embodiment 27 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 24, wherein the air flow passing through the air opening directs air upward along the rear side of the front glass member. Embodiment 28 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 24, wherein the main body assembly further includes a console member positioned together with the operator area, and the console member cooperates with the air opening to direct air upward. Embodiment 29 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 28, wherein the front surface of the console member is angled upward from the air opening, and the rear surface of the console member includes an opening for receiving at least one of a display and instruments. Embodiment 30 A frame assembly including a front frame portion and a rear frame portion, A main body assembly coupled to the frame assembly and including a fairing positioned on the front frame portion, A plurality of ground engaging members configured to support the frame assembly and the main body assembly, An operator area including a seat supported by the frame assembly, A front glass assembly supported by the front frame portion and positioned in front of the seat, the front glass assembly including a front glass member, An air vent defined by a portion of the fairing and a portion of the front glass assembly and configured to selectively open and close in response to an input, A motorcycle comprising. Embodiment 31 The motorcycle according to Embodiment 30, wherein the air vent is defined by a recess of the front glass member and an upper portion of the fairing. Embodiment 32 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 30, wherein the input for opening and closing the air vent is at least one of a selective operator input, a state of the vehicle, and ambient conditions. Embodiment 33 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 30, wherein the air vent is positioned to direct an air flow within the operator area and over the driver's head when the driver is seated upright on the seat. Embodiment 34 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 30, wherein the size of the air vent is defined by the position of the front glass member. Embodiment 35 The two-wheeled vehicle according to Embodiment 34, wherein the front glass member is generally vertically movable between a plurality of positions, the uppermost position of the front glass member maximizes the size of the air vent, the lowermost position of the front glass member closes the air vent, and obstructs an air flow between the front glass member and the fairing.

Claims

1. A frame having a main frame portion that defines an air box, a plurality of ground engaging members that support the frame on the ground, an engine supported by the frame, and an air breather fluidly coupled to the engine and the main frame portion. A two-wheeled vehicle comprising the above.

2. The two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the engine includes a valve cover and the air breather is coupled to the valve cover.

3. The two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the air breather cooperates with the engine and the air box to flow air upward from the engine into the air box and recirculate the air to the engine.

4. The two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the air box includes an air filter and the air filter is disposed in front of the air breather.

5. The two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the air breather is coupled to the main frame portion at the lowest vertical portion of the main frame portion.

6. The two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the air breather is configured to receive a mixture of oil and air, and the main frame portion is configured to collect oil separated from the mixture of oil and air and flow the oil to the engine through the air breather.

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