Machine smoke exhaust system

Abstract

To provide a machine smoke exhaust system with improved safety.SOLUTION: A room smoke exhaust duct is connected to a room smoke exhaust port. The room smoke exhaust duct is connected to a main smoke exhaust duct 610. One end of a corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 is connected to a corridor smoke exhaust port 310. The corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 includes a differential pressure damper 120. A smoke exhaust fan 620 is connected to the main smoke exhaust duct 610. The differential pressure damper 120 is configured to be controlled to open and close depending on a pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320. The main smoke exhaust duct 610 is connected to the room smoke exhaust duct 220. The other end of the main smoke exhaust duct 610 is configured to communicate with an external air via the smoke exhaust fan 620. The corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 having the differential pressure damper 120 is connected to the main smoke exhaust duct. Also, the room smoke exhaust port and the corridor smoke exhaust port open simultaneously.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a mechanical smoke exhaust system provided with a differential pressure damper that can be controlled by a pressure difference in a mechanical smoke exhaust duct of a building.

Background Art

[0002] When a building fire occurs, it is expected that evacuation, rescue, and firefighting activities will become difficult due to evacuees concentrating on stairs and exits, or due to the time taken for those unfamiliar with the facility to evacuate, posing a risk of a major disaster.

[0003] In particular, when evacuees concentrate on the stairs, there is a high possibility that evacuees who cannot enter the stairs will be forced to stay in the corridor, and in particular, it is important to improve the safety against smoke in the corridor.

[0004] In relatively large buildings, mechanical smoke exhaust is installed in the corridors and living rooms, and air and smoke are forcibly discharged from the smoke exhaust openings. In this way, smoke countermeasures are taken in the living rooms and corridors important for evacuation (Patent Documents 1 and 2), but there are some problems.

[0005] For example, when a fire breaks out in a living room, a fire detector senses the smoke, and the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment is activated manually or in conjunction with the fire detector, and only the smoke exhaust opening in the living room is opened, and the smoke is discharged outdoors through the smoke exhaust duct and the smoke exhaust fan. However, if firefighting is not in time, the amount of smoke generated increases with time, and eventually the smoke exhaust volume by the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment cannot keep up with the amount of smoke generated.

[0006] Furthermore, when the smoke reaches a high temperature (about 270°C), in order to prevent the spread of fire through the smoke exhaust duct, the fire damper in the smoke exhaust duct automatically closes, and the smoke cannot be discharged outdoors. Then, the smoke that has lost its way will flow out into the corridor.

[0007] Fig. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a building equipped with a conventional mechanical smoke exhaust facility. The living room 200 and the corridor 300 are arranged adjacent to each other through a fire door 110A. In the living room 200, a living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is arranged, and in the corridor 300, a corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is arranged respectively.

[0008] The living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is configured to be able to exhaust the smoke 710A staying in the living room 200 by a smoke exhaust fan 620 through a living room smoke exhaust duct 220. Also, the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is configured to be able to discharge the smoke 710B staying in the corridor 300 to the outside like the smoke exhaust 710C by the smoke exhaust fan 620 through a corridor smoke exhaust duct 320.

[0009] When a fire breaks out in the living room 200, the evacuees 160A and 160B staying in the living room start to evacuate from the living room 200 to the corridor 300. Also, by the automatic linkage with a fire alarm installed in the living room 200 (not shown) and the operation of the manual opening device of the smoke exhaust opening, the living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is opened, and in conjunction with this, the mechanical smoke exhaust facility 600 is activated, the smoke exhaust fan 620 starts to operate, and the smoke exhaust of the living room 200 begins.

[0010] However, when the amount of smoke generated in the living room 200 exceeds the smoke exhaust amount by mechanical smoke exhaust, the smoke also enters the corridor 300, and the smoke accumulates, putting the evacuee 160A in a dangerous state. Therefore, it is desirable to open the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 by the linkage with a fire alarm installed in the corridor 300 (not shown) or by manual operation to exhaust the smoke 710B in the corridor 300. However, in order to automatically activate the mechanical smoke exhaust in the corridor 300 in conjunction with a fire alarm installed in the corridor 300 after the operation of the fire alarm installed in the living room 200, high-performance and expensive fire alarms and receivers are required, which is not common. Also, it is considered that the possibility of someone among the evacuees starting the mechanical smoke exhaust in the corridor 300 by manual operation is low. Therefore, it can be said that although it is possible to activate the mechanical smoke exhaust in the corridor 300, the certainty is low.

[0011] Subsequently, evacuee 160B takes shelter in the corridor and door 110A closes due to its self-closing function. Further, as the fire 700 in the living room spreads and the temperature of the smoke 710A rises, the fire damper 130 installed in the smoke exhaust duct in the living room automatically closes to prevent the spread of fire, and the smoke exhaust from the living room 200 stops. As a result, the smoke 710B is pushed out of the living room 200 and flows out into the corridor 300 through gaps in the door 110A and the like. Also, if the mechanical smoke exhaust in the corridor 300 is operating, the pressure in the corridor 300 becomes negative relative to the living room 200, and more smoke is sucked in. This causes a problem of putting the evacuees staying in the corridor 300 in a dangerous state.

[0012] Furthermore, by exhausting the smoke 710A generated by the fire in the living room 200 with the smoke exhaust fan 620, the pressure in the living room 200 is reduced. However, when opening the door 110A that is closed for the evacuees in the living room 200 to evacuate, the pressure difference becomes large before and after that, and an excessive air pressure may be applied to the door 110A, making it difficult to open (hereinafter referred to as "opening obstacle").

[0013] Therefore, the evacuee 160B whose evacuation start is delayed cannot open the door 110A for evacuation, cannot evacuate from the living room 200, and there remains a risk of being caught in the smoke 710A generated in the living room 200.

[0014] Theoretically, by installing pressure sensors, smoke sensors, human presence sensors, etc. in the living room 200 and the corridor 300, and controlling the smoke exhaust volume and pressure difference to the living room 200 and the corridor 300 based on the data obtained from these sensors, it seems possible to perform control that does not cause an opening obstacle. For example, when an evacuee is confirmed by a human presence sensor near the door, if the pressure difference between the living room and the corridor is equal to or greater than a specified value, a method such as temporarily reducing the air volume of the smoke exhaust fan to reduce it so that the door can be opened can be considered.

[0015] However, it can be easily imagined that it is difficult to develop a mechanical smoke exhaust facility that operates correctly by performing complex calculations based on various data on the premise that each sensor operates correctly when a fire actually occurs.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0016]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0017] The present invention provides a mechanical smoke exhaust system with enhanced safety by applying a known mechanism as a different function to a conventional mechanical smoke exhaust facility.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0018] The mechanical smoke exhaust system of the present invention includes a room smoke exhaust opening provided in a room, a room smoke exhaust duct, a corridor smoke exhaust opening provided in a corridor, a corridor smoke exhaust duct, a main smoke exhaust duct, a smoke exhaust fan, a differential pressure damper, one end of the room smoke exhaust duct is connected to the room smoke exhaust opening, the room smoke exhaust duct is connected to one end of the damper, and the corridor smoke exhaust duct is connected to the corridor smoke exhaust opening, the corridor smoke exhaust duct is connected to the main smoke exhaust duct, and the corridor smoke exhaust duct is provided with the differential pressure damper, the differential pressure damper is configured to be controllable to open and close according to the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct, the main smoke exhaust duct is connected to the room smoke exhaust duct and the corridor smoke exhaust duct, and the room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening are opened. In particular, it is preferable that the room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening are provided with lids that can be opened and closed, and when the lids are opened, the room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening are opened simultaneously.

Effects of the Invention

[0019] According to the present invention, by means of a smoke exhaust duct incorporating a differential pressure damper, mechanical smoke exhaust can be automatically switched from the fire compartment to the corridor according to the fire and evacuation situations, the smoke staying in the corridor can be exhausted, excessive intrusion of smoke into the corridor can be prevented by controlling the pressure difference, and a highly safe mechanical smoke exhaust system can be provided that facilitates the opening of the doors required for evacuation.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] Embodiment 1 Hereinafter, Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of this embodiment. FIGS. 2 to 7 are schematic diagrams showing the situation in building 100 in chronological order of this embodiment. Note that the relationship between each duct and other components is not limited to the form shown in the figures, and it is obvious that various forms capable of solving the problems of the present invention can be regarded as embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] This embodiment relates to an invention of a mechanical smoke exhaust system applied to a building 100 where mechanical smoke exhaust is installed. FIG. 1 shows an example applied to a building equipped with a living room 200, a corridor 300, a staircase 500, and an elevator 140. Note that FIG. 1 only exemplifies the facilities of the staircase 500 and the elevator 140 that are usually installed in a building, and it is not an invention on the premise that the staircase 500 and the elevator 140 are necessarily required.

[0023] In this embodiment, an example is shown in which two living rooms 200 are arranged adjacent to each other. Also, a corridor 300 is installed to connect the two living rooms 200, the staircase 500, and the elevator 140. Note that the number of living rooms 200 is not limited. Also, the number of floors is not limited.

[0024] (Living room 200) The living room 200 of the present invention is a room that is continuously used for purposes such as work, operation, assembly, entertainment, sports, and other similar purposes. However, rooms where other people can be active, stadiums, and large warehouses where people can be active are also included in the living room 200 of the present invention.

[0025] The living room 200 is provided with a living room smoke exhaust port 210, a living room smoke exhaust duct 220, and a manual opening device 240 for the smoke exhaust port. Further, it is desirable to be provided with a fire detector 230 that detects a fire and promptly activates mechanical smoke exhaust in conjunction.

[0026] The living room 200 may be equipped with air conditioning equipment such as an air supply device and an exhaust device for ventilation and room temperature adjustment. It is also possible to partially share the devices of the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 and the air conditioning equipment, or to operate them in conjunction with each other.

[0027] (Living room smoke exhaust opening 210) The living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is a device arranged on the ceiling of the living room 200 that sucks the smoke generated by a fire from inside the living room 200 for exhausting when a fire occurs in the living room 200. The living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is connected to a living room smoke exhaust duct 220, and the generated smoke can be discharged to the outside of the building 100 by the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 described later. The living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is provided with an openable lid. Usually, the lid is closed, and the lid is opened by the linkage of a manual release device of the smoke exhaust opening or a fire detector. Also, it is often programmed to start a smoke exhaust fan using this opening as a trigger.

[0028] There may be one or more living room smoke exhaust openings 210 in the living room 200. When there are multiple living room smoke exhaust openings 210, they can be finally connected to the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 with a single system of smoke exhaust ducts so that smoke can be exhausted outside the living room 200. The living room smoke exhaust opening 210 is preferably provided in a location close to the corridor 300 in the living room 200.

[0029] (Fire detector 230, manual release device 240 of the smoke exhaust opening) As described above, the living room 200 is provided with a fire detector 230 and a manual release device 240 for opening the smoke exhaust opening. Examples of the fire detector 230 include a heat sensor, a flame sensor, an odor sensor, and a smoke sensor. When a fire is detected, it may activate a bell to alert the occupants in the building and may also activate mechanical smoke exhaust in conjunction. The manual release device 240 of the smoke exhaust opening can be operated by a person inside the living room 200 who discovers a fire to open the living room smoke exhaust opening 210, start the smoke exhaust fan 620, and exhaust smoke from the living room 200.

[0030] (Corridor 300) The corridor 300 is directly or indirectly connected to the outdoor evacuation exit of the building 100, and serves as an evacuation route from the living room 200 in case of a fire. Usually, the living room 200 and the corridor 300 are partitioned by a wall and a door 110A. In the present invention, the corridor 300 is a place serving as an evacuation route and is not limited to the corridor in the general sense.

[0031] In addition, for a building where the living rooms 200 are arranged adjacent to each other and it is necessary to pass through the other living room 200 when evacuating from one living room 200 in case of a fire, it can be said that the other living room 200 is an evacuation route and corresponds to the corridor 300 of the present invention.

[0032] (Corridor smoke exhaust opening 310) The corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is a device arranged on the ceiling of the corridor 300 for sucking the smoke generated by a fire when it enters the corridor 300 to exhaust the smoke from within the corridor 300. The corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is connected to the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320, and the generated smoke can be discharged to the outside of the building 100 by the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 described later. The corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is provided with an openable lid, which is usually closed, and the lid is opened by the linkage of the manual release device of the corridor smoke exhaust opening or a fire detector. Also, triggered by the opening of the living room smoke exhaust opening 210 provided in the adjacent living room 200, the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is automatically opened simultaneously with its opening.

[0033] (Staircase 500) The staircase 500 also serves as one of the evacuation routes for the occupants in the building 100 to evacuate in case of a fire. The staircase 500 can be an indoor staircase, an outdoor staircase, or a special evacuation staircase. Depending on the number of floors and scale of the building 100, it may be obligatory to provide an annex room 400 adjacent to the staircase 500 according to laws and regulations. The present invention is applicable also when the annex room is not installed, or when the annex room is installed and any one of mechanical smoke exhaust, natural smoke exhaust, extrusion smoke exhaust, and pressurized smoke prevention and exhaust is provided.

[0034] (Mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600) The mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 includes a smoke exhaust fan 620. The smoke exhaust fan 620 is connected to the main smoke exhaust duct 610 and can discharge the smoke generated inside the building 100 to the outside of the building 100. The smoke exhaust fan 620 is configured to operate in conjunction when a fire detector detects a fire or when a manual release device at the smoke exhaust opening is actuated.

[0035] (Door 110) A door 110A is arranged between the living room 200 and the corridor 300 adjacent to the living room 200, and a door 110B is arranged between the corridor 300 and the staircase 500 adjacent to the corridor 300. The door 110 is preferably configured to be closed by an automatic closing function when it is not artificially opened.

[0036] (Differential pressure damper 120) The differential pressure damper 120 is provided in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320. The differential pressure damper 120 is normally airtight with its blades closed and is configured to open and ventilate only when the pressure on the corridor smoke exhaust opening side in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 becomes higher than an arbitrary predetermined value.

[0037] The differential pressure damper 120 adopted in this embodiment can adopt, for example, a damper as disclosed in JP-A-2016-161246 and JP-A-2018-90955. As a control means, a weight is provided on the blade, and it is configured to open when the pressure on the corridor smoke exhaust opening side in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 becomes higher than an arbitrary predetermined value.

[0038] Also, the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper 120 in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 is detected by a pressure sensor, and when the detected pressure difference on the corridor smoke exhaust opening side becomes higher than an arbitrary predetermined value, the differential pressure damper 120 may be controlled by an opening and closing mechanism using a power source such as a motor so that the differential pressure damper 120 opens.

[0039] The differential pressure damper 120 is often used to keep the indoor pressure positive in a clean room, a precision factory, or the like. In the present embodiment, even if it is a known differential pressure damper, it can be adopted as long as it is improved to satisfy the regulations regarding fire protection equipment in laws and regulations such as the Building Standards Law. Therefore, the detailed description of the configuration of the differential pressure damper 120 is omitted.

[0040] The differential pressure damper 120 in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 is not opened unless the pressure on the corridor smoke exhaust port 310 side is not higher than a predetermined pressure or more than the pressure on the main smoke exhaust duct side. That is, assuming that a fire breaks out in the living room 200 and the living room smoke exhaust port 210 and the corridor smoke exhaust port 310 are simultaneously opened by being linked with the fire detector 230 or the manual opening device 230 of the smoke exhaust port, and even if the smoke exhaust fan 620 is started, initially the differential pressure damper 120 is closed. Therefore, no smoke is exhausted from the corridor smoke exhaust port 310, and smoke is efficiently exhausted only from the living room 200. Further, since the living room 200 is more negative in pressure than the corridor 300, it is possible to keep the state where the smoke 710B hardly flows into the corridor 300.

[0041] After the evacuation from the living room 200 is completed and the door 110A is automatically closed by the self-closing function, the living room 200 becomes airtight. Therefore, the pressure decreases due to the suction by the smoke exhaust, and the smoke exhaust volume also decreases. Then, the pressure in the corridor 300 becomes larger than the pressure in the living room 200. When the pressure difference across the differential pressure damper 120, which is connected to both of them via the smoke exhaust duct, exceeds a predetermined value, the differential pressure damper 120 automatically opens, and smoke exhaust also occurs from the corridor smoke exhaust port 210. At this time, the pressure difference between the living room 100 and the corridor 200 can be controlled within an arbitrary range by appropriately calculating the opening area of the differential pressure damper 120. By setting it to 100 Pa or less, it is possible to prevent the opening of the door 110A from being hindered. Since the differential pressure damper 120 is a fire protection equipment, it is necessary to satisfy the standards of the fire protection equipment of the Building Standards Law, and thereby it can continue to operate even under the influence of heat due to a fire.

[0042] (Fire damper 130) The fire damper 130 is a damper for preventing the spread of fire through the smoke duct. When a fire breaks out in the living room 200, in order to exhaust the smoke 710A generated by the fire, the living room smoke outlet 210 opens and the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment starts. The smoke branches through the main smoke duct 610 and reaches the smoke ducts connected to other living rooms. Since the lids of the smoke outlets at the ends of each smoke duct are closed, the possibility of smoke entering other living rooms is low. However, the smoke duct itself may become hot due to the heat of the smoke and there is a possibility of surrounding combustion. The fire damper 130 is arranged in the living room smoke duct 220. When the temperature of the smoke passing through it reaches a high temperature (for example, 270 °C), the temperature fuse operates and closes, blocking the smoke and acting to prevent the spread of fire through the smoke duct to other living rooms. Therefore, the mechanical smoke exhaust in the living room is designed to stop when the fire spreads and the temperature rises to a certain extent. Even in that case, due to the above mechanism, the mechanical smoke exhaust from the corridor 300 continues, so the safety of the corridor is maintained.

[0043] (Connection of the differential pressure damper 120, the living room smoke duct 220, and the corridor smoke duct 320) The living room smoke duct 220 is connected to the living room smoke outlet 210, and the other end of the living room smoke duct 220 is connected to the main smoke duct. Also, one end of the corridor smoke duct 320 is connected to the corridor smoke outlet 310. The corridor smoke duct 320 is connected to the main smoke duct, and the corridor smoke duct 320 is provided with a differential pressure damper 130. Further, the main smoke duct is connected to the living room smoke duct 220 and the corridor smoke duct 320, and the other end of the main smoke duct is configured to communicate with the outside air through a smoke exhaust fan. As another method, when the living room and the corridor are of the ceiling chamber type and the entire ceiling space is used for the smoke exhaust duct to omit the general horizontal smoke exhaust duct, the differential pressure damper 120 may be installed so as to penetrate the boundary wall between the ceiling spaces of the living room 100 and the corridor 200. In that case, the living room smoke exhaust duct 220 and the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 are respectively interchanged with the living room ceiling chamber and the corridor ceiling chamber. Also, the main smoke exhaust duct 610 has a smoke collecting port between it and the living room ceiling chamber. The differential pressure damper 120 preferably has a through hole provided in the partition wall between the ceiling spaces of the living room 200 and the corridor 300 and is installed in the through hole.

[0044] The operation of this embodiment will be described. (Normal time) FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the internal situation of the building 100 when no fire has occurred. When no fire has occurred, the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 is stopped. Although an example is shown where two persons 160A and 160B are staying in the living room 200, the number of persons staying in the living room 200 is not specified. In normal times, the doors 110A and 110B are closed when there is no passerby. Also, the persons denoted by the reference numerals 160A and 160B may be occupants or evacuees in each scene.

[0045] Also, since the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 is not operating, the pressures before and after the differential pressure damper 120 in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 are the same or, even if different, within a range where the differential pressure damper 120 does not open, and the differential pressure damper 120 is closed.

[0046] Fire stage 1 (Evacuation start from the living room 200: Smoke exhaust from the living room 200) Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial building 100 when a fire occurs. When a fire occurs, the lids of the living room smoke exhaust openings 210 and the corridor smoke exhaust openings 310 are simultaneously opened by the automatic linkage of a fire detector 230 (not shown) or the operation of a manual release device for the smoke exhaust openings by the occupants 160A, 160B, etc. present in the room, the smoke exhaust fan 620 is activated, and the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 operates. Note that "simultaneously" means that the difference in the opening times of the respective lids is about within 5 minutes, and it is not intended that the lids are opened instantaneously.

[0047] Also, with the occurrence of a fire, the person 160A present in the living room 200 opens the door 110A and starts to evacuate to the corridor 300. If there are many people present in the living room 200, the door 110A will remain open during the evacuation time. Note that the person 160C on the staircase 500 is shown descending the staircase and evacuating outdoors.

[0048] When the smoke exhaust fan 620 of the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600 operates, the smoke 710A generated by the fire in the living room 200 is discharged from the opened living room smoke exhaust opening 210 to the outside of the building 100.

[0049] Even if the smoke 710A is discharged from the living room 200, since the same amount of air as the discharged smoke 710A is replenished from the corridor 300 through the opened door 110A, the pressures before and after the differential pressure damper 120 in the corridor smoke exhaust duct 320 are almost the same, and the differential pressure damper 120 remains closed. Although the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310 is also open, since the differential pressure damper 120 is closed, no smoke is exhausted from the corridor 300 at this stage.

[0050] Fire stage 2 (completion of evacuation from the living room 200 to the corridor 300: start of smoke exhaust from the living room 200 and smoke exhaust from the corridor 300) Figure 4 is a view when the evacuation to the corridor 300 is completed when a fire occurs. When all of the persons 160A, 160B present in the living room 200 complete the evacuation from the living room 200 to the corridor 300, the door 110A is closed by its self-closing function. With the closing of the door 110A, the living room 200 is airtight, and since the smoke exhaust continues, the pressure in the living room 200 decreases.

[0051] Since the differential pressure damper 120 is configured to open when the pressure difference between the inside of the living room smoke duct 220 and the inside of the corridor smoke duct 320 becomes a predetermined value or more, as the pressure in the living room 200 decreases, the pressure difference between the inside of the living room smoke duct 220 and the inside of the corridor smoke duct 320 becomes a predetermined value or more and the differential pressure damper 120 is opened. Preferably, it operates based on the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper 120 in the corridor smoke duct.

[0052] When the evacuation from the living room 200 is completed in this way, the differential pressure damper 120 is opened without the need for manual operation, and the smoke 710B that has entered the corridor 300 is discharged as smoke 710C to the outside of the building 100 through the corridor smoke outlet 310, differential pressure damper 120, corridor smoke duct 320, main smoke duct 610, and smoke exhaust fan 620 arranged in the corridor 300. Fire stage 3 (Evacuation from the living room 200 to the staircase 500 via the corridor 300: Smoke exhaust from the living room 200 and the corridor 300) FIG. 5 is a view when the evacuee 160B is evacuating from the corridor 300 to the staircase 500 when a fire occurs. The evacuee 160B staying in the corridor 300 further evacuates to the staircase 500. The door 110A between the living room 200 and the corridor 300 remains closed, and the door 110B between the corridor 300 and the staircase 500 is opened as the evacuee 160B evacuates.

[0053] Similar to the second stage of a fire, due to the operation of the smoke exhaust fan 620 of the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600, the pressure inside the living room 200 continues to drop, and the differential pressure damper 120 also remains open. As the differential pressure damper 120 opens, the smoke 710B that has entered the corridor 300 is exhausted as smoke 710C outside the building 100 through the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310, differential pressure damper 120, corridor smoke exhaust duct 320, main smoke exhaust duct 610, and smoke exhaust fan 620 arranged in the corridor 300. At this time, the pressure difference between the corridor 300 and the living room 200 is controlled within 100 Pa by calculating the opening area of the differential pressure damper from a predetermined smoke exhaust volume, so as to prevent the evacuation personnel who have fallen behind in escaping from the living room 200 from being harmed because they cannot open the door 110A.

[0054] Fourth stage of a fire (completion of evacuation from the corridor 300: smoke exhaust from the living room 200 and the corridor 300) Figure 6 is a diagram when the evacuation of the evacuee 160B from the corridor 300 to the staircase 500 or outside the building 100 is completed when a fire occurs. The evacuee 160B who has taken refuge in the staircase 500 continues to evacuate further towards the outdoors. The door 110A between the living room 200 and the corridor 300 and the door 110B between the corridor 300 and the staircase 500 are closed by the self-closing function as the evacuation from the corridor 300 is completed.

[0055] Similar to the second stage of a fire, due to the operation of the smoke exhaust fan 620 of the mechanical smoke exhaust equipment 600, the pressure inside the living room 200 drops. As the differential pressure damper 120 continues to open, the smoke that has entered the corridor 300 is exhausted outside the building 100 through the corridor smoke exhaust opening 310, differential pressure damper 120, corridor smoke exhaust duct 320, main smoke exhaust duct 610, and smoke exhaust fan 620 arranged in the corridor 300. Again, the pressure difference between the living room 200 and the corridor 300 is controlled within 100 Pa, and there is no obstacle to the opening of the door 110A.

[0056] Fifth stage of a fire (completion of evacuation from the staircase 500: end of smoke exhaust from the living room 200 and the corridor 300) FIG. 7 is a view when the evacuation from corridor 300 to staircase 500 is completed when a fire breaks out. When the evacuation is almost completed, the fire may spread and the mechanical smoke exhaust from the living room may stop due to the rise in the temperature of the smoke and the closing of the living room fire damper 130 installed in the living room smoke exhaust duct 220. On the other hand, since the temperature of the smoke flowing out into the corridor is considered to be lower than that, the corridor fire damper 120 does not close and continues to exhaust smoke, contributing to the evacuation of those who are late in escaping and the fire fighting activities.

[0057] FIGS. 8 and 9 are modified examples of Embodiment 1. In the modified examples of FIGS. 8 and 9, a side room 400 is provided adjacent to the corridor 300. Further, an air supply fan 800 is configured to be able to introduce outside air through an air supply duct 810 to an air supply port 820 provided in the side room 400. The air supply port 820 may be provided in the corridor 300, or may be provided in both the side room 400 and the corridor 300. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily implement the modified example by referring to the operation of Embodiment 1 described above, so detailed description is omitted.

[0058] As described above, according to the present invention, with a simple configuration of adding a differential pressure damper to a conventional mechanical smoke exhaust system, it is possible to automatically switch the smoke exhaust to a corridor or the like according to the evacuation situation and provide a highly safe mechanical smoke exhaust system that can prevent opening obstacles.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0059] 100... building, 110... door, 120... differential pressure damper 130... fire damper, 140... elevator, 150... partition wall 160A, B... occupants, evacuees 200... living room, 210... living room smoke exhaust port, 220... living room smoke exhaust duct, 230... fire detector 240... manual opening device for living room smoke exhaust port 300... corridor, 310... corridor smoke exhaust port, 320... corridor smoke exhaust duct 400... side room, 500... staircase 600... mechanical smoke exhaust equipment, 610... main smoke exhaust duct, 620... smoke exhaust fan 700…Flame, 710A…Smoke in the living room, 710B…Smoke in the corridor, 710C…Smoke exhaust 800…Supply air fan, 810…Supply air duct, 820…Supply air opening

Claims

1. A mechanical smoke exhaust system comprising a room smoke exhaust opening provided in a room, a room smoke exhaust duct, a corridor smoke exhaust opening provided in a corridor, a corridor smoke exhaust duct, a main smoke exhaust duct, a smoke exhaust fan, and a differential pressure damper, wherein the room smoke exhaust duct is connected to the room smoke exhaust opening and is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct, the corridor smoke exhaust duct is provided with the differential pressure damper, is connected to the corridor smoke exhaust opening, and is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct, the differential pressure damper is configured to be controllable to open and close according to the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct, the main smoke exhaust duct is connected to the room smoke exhaust duct and the corridor smoke exhaust duct and is configured to communicate with the outside air via the smoke exhaust fan, a mechanical smoke exhaust system.

2. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening can be opened simultaneously. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

3. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is higher than a set value. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

4. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is 20 Pa or higher. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

5. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is 60 Pa or higher. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

6. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference between the pressure in the corridor smoke exhaust duct and the pressure in the room smoke exhaust duct is configured not to be higher than 100 Pa. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 1.

7. A mechanical smoke exhaust system comprising a room smoke exhaust opening provided in a room, a room smoke exhaust duct, a corridor smoke exhaust opening provided in a corridor, a corridor smoke exhaust duct, a main smoke exhaust duct, a smoke exhaust fan, a differential pressure damper, an air supply opening, and an air supply fan, wherein the room smoke exhaust duct is connected to the room smoke exhaust opening and is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct, the corridor smoke exhaust duct is provided with the differential pressure damper, is connected to the corridor smoke exhaust opening, and is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct, the air supply opening is provided in a corridor or an annex adjacent to the corridor, The differential pressure damper is configured to be controllable to open and close according to the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct. The main smoke exhaust duct and the living room smoke exhaust duct are connected. The main smoke exhaust duct and the corridor smoke exhaust duct are connected, and the living room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening are opened simultaneously. Mechanical smoke exhaust system.

8. The living room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening can be opened simultaneously. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 7.

9. The differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is higher than the pressure in the living room smoke exhaust duct. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 6.

10. The differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is 20 Pa or more higher than the pressure in the living room smoke exhaust duct. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 6.

11. The differential pressure damper is configured to open when the pressure in the corridor smoke exhaust duct is 60 Pa or more higher than the pressure in the living room smoke exhaust duct. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 6.

12. The pressure difference between the pressure in the corridor smoke exhaust duct and the pressure in the living room smoke exhaust duct is configured not to exceed 100 Pa. The mechanical smoke exhaust system according to claim 6.

13. A control method for a mechanical smoke exhaust system including a living room smoke exhaust opening provided in a living room, a living room smoke exhaust duct, a corridor smoke exhaust opening provided in a corridor, a corridor smoke exhaust duct, a main smoke exhaust duct, a smoke exhaust fan, and a differential pressure damper, The living room smoke exhaust duct is connected to the living room smoke exhaust opening, and the living room smoke exhaust duct is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct. The corridor smoke exhaust duct is provided with the differential pressure damper, the corridor smoke exhaust duct is connected to the corridor smoke exhaust opening, and the corridor smoke exhaust duct is connected to the main smoke exhaust duct. The differential pressure damper is configured to be controllable to open and close according to the pressure difference before and after the differential pressure damper in the corridor smoke exhaust duct. The main smoke exhaust duct is connected to the living room smoke exhaust duct and the corridor smoke exhaust duct, and the main smoke exhaust duct is configured to communicate with the outside air via the smoke exhaust fan. When a fire occurs, the living room smoke exhaust opening and the corridor smoke exhaust opening are opened simultaneously. Control method for a mechanical smoke exhaust system.

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