Aqueous dispersion, coating agent, membrane, and fiber product

Abstract

To provide aqueous dispersion that can impart sufficient water repellency and oil repellency when used as a coating agent for a fiber.SOLUTION: Aqueous dispersion contains acryl-styrene copolymer (A), nonionic surfactant (B) and wax (C), where the nonionic surfactant (B) contains polyol fatty acid ester, the content of the polyol fatty acid ester is 8 to 100 pts.mass for the acryl-styrene copolymer (A) 100 pts.mass, and the content of the wax (C) is 7 pts.mass or more for the content of 100 pts.mass of polyol fatty acid ester in the nonionic surfactant (B).SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion useful as a water- and oil-repellent coating agent, a coating agent and film made using the same, and a textile product. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, water- and oil-repellent properties have been imparted to textile materials by applying fluorine-based coating agents. While fluorine-based compounds have excellent water- and oil-repellent properties, there are concerns about their impact on the environment and human body. For this reason, the use of fluorine-based compounds is prohibited or avoided. In light of concerns about the use of fluorine-based compounds, alternative solutions have been explored, such as reducing the amount of fluorine-based compounds used and using non-fluorine-based acrylic or silicone coating agents to impart water repellency. However, these alternative solutions have the problem of not being able to achieve satisfactory performance due to poor oil repellency. In addition, there has been a recent demand for more environmentally friendly biomaterials.

[0003] Against the background of the above-mentioned problems, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes bringing at least one non-fluorine-based water repellent selected from the group consisting of acrylic water repellents, silicone water repellents, and dendrimer water repellents into contact with fibers containing a specific functional group. Patent Document 2 describes an aqueous dispersion containing a styrene-acrylic resin, a sucrose fatty acid ester, an anionic surfactant, a wax component, and water. Patent Document 3 describes a water and oil repellent agent containing a non-fluorinated polymer, a wax, a water medium, and an emulsifier. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-210704 A [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2023 / 182272 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2018 / 123759 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, according to the investigations of the present inventors, sufficient oil resistance could not be obtained even when the non-fluorinated water repellent agent described in Patent Document 1 was used as a coating agent. The water and oil repellent agent described in Patent Document 3 also had a confirmed water repellent effect, but did not provide sufficient oil repellency. The present inventors have also found that there is room for improvement in the water-repellent and oil-repellent effects when the aqueous dispersion described in Patent Document 2 is applied to a fibrous material.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous dispersion that can impart sufficient water and oil repellency when used as a coating agent for fibers, and a textile product using the same that has excellent water and oil repellency. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using an acrylic-styrene copolymer as the binder resin and a polyol fatty acid ester as the nonionic surfactant in an aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin, a nonionic surfactant, and a wax, and by controlling the contents of the polyol fatty acid ester and the wax to a specific ratio, thereby achieving the present invention. That is, the present invention is summarized as follows [1] to

[10] .

[0008] [1] An aqueous dispersion comprising an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax (C), The aqueous dispersion contains the nonionic surfactant (B) containing a polyol fatty acid ester, the content of the polyol fatty acid ester being 8 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and the content of the wax (C) being 7 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polyol fatty acid ester content in the nonionic surfactant (B).

[0009] [2] The aqueous dispersion according to [1], wherein the polyol fatty acid ester comprises at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0010] [3] The aqueous dispersion according to [1] or [2], further comprising an anionic surfactant (D).

[0011] [4] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [3], which has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or less as measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 100 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.

[0012] [5] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the average particle size of the emulsion measured at 25°C using a laser diffraction device is less than 100 μm.

[0013] [6] A coating agent for textile products, comprising the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [5].

[0014] [7] The coating agent according to [6], wherein the textile product is a fiber, a thread, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, clothing, bedding, a floor covering, or an interior decoration.

[0015] [8] A film obtained by drying the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [5].

[0016] [9] The film according to [8], wherein the surface roughness Ra of the film surface measured by a scanning probe microscope is 1 to 250 nm.

[0017]

[10] A textile product having the film according to [8] or [9]. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention can impart excellent water and oil repellency, particularly when used as a coating agent for fibers, and therefore can provide textile products with excellent water and oil repellency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0020] [Aqueous dispersion] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion containing an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax (C), characterized in that the nonionic surfactant (B) contains a polyol fatty acid ester, the content of the polyol fatty acid ester is 8 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and the content of the wax (C) is 7 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polyol fatty acid ester content in the nonionic surfactant (B).

[0021] [mechanism] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion comprising an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax (C), wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) contains a polyol fatty acid ester, the content of the polyol fatty acid ester being 8 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and the content of the wax (C) being 7 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polyol fatty acid ester content in the nonionic surfactant (B), and therefore the aqueous dispersion can impart excellent water and oil repellency to textile products, particularly as a coating agent for textile products.

[0022] Although the mechanism by which the aqueous dispersion of the present invention exhibits the above-mentioned effects is not clear, by using the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) as the binder resin, it is possible to realize an appropriate state of mixing and phase separation, and to impart high water and oil repellency to the coated object. Furthermore, by using a polyol fatty acid ester among the nonionic surfactants (B), it is possible to improve water dispersibility, film-forming properties, and the water and oil repellency of the coated object. In addition, by using the polyol fatty acid ester in the above-mentioned specific ratio relative to the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), good water dispersibility and phase separation can be achieved, and by using the wax (C) in the above-mentioned specific ratio relative to the content of the polyol fatty acid ester in the nonionic surfactant (B), the water repellency and oil repellency of the coated object can be improved.

[0023] Incidentally, the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 describes an aqueous dispersion having a component composition that partially overlaps with that of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, and also describes the effects of water and oil resistance, but water and oil resistance are not necessarily the same as water repellency and oil repellency. In other words, the term "waterproof" in the context of water resistance and oil resistance means "water does not penetrate" and also refers to "not being altered or damaged by water." Water resistance means not absorbing water or being altered by water, being water-resistant, "having the power to resist water," or "being able to withstand water." The same applies to oil resistance. In contrast, water-repellent and oil-repellent properties indicate that the surface repels water and oil, and when water or oil droplets hit it, they do not crush and stick to the surface. This mainly refers to fabric materials that repel water and oil from the surface and do not allow them to penetrate to the interior. For example, water-repellent materials have an uneven surface, and this means that when water or oil droplets hit them, they do not crush and stick to the surface, but instead roll off the surface in a spherical shape. Thus, the water and oil resistance in Patent Document 2 are different properties from the water repellency and oil repellency in the present invention. For this reason, Patent Document 2 evaluates the water absorbency and oil bleeding of coated paper, whereas the present invention evaluates the shape of water or oil droplets dropped on a coated fabric, as shown in the examples below. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 does not suggest a specific aqueous dispersion composition for enhancing water repellency and oil repellency as a coating agent for textile products.

[0024] [Acrylic-styrene copolymer (A)] The acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (A)") is used as a binder resin. The acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) used in the present invention is a copolymer of a (meth)acrylic monomer and a styrene monomer. Here, "(meth)acrylic" means one or both of "acrylic" and "methacrylic." The same applies to "(meth)acrylate" and "(meth)acryloyl."

[0025] The (meth)acrylic monomer may be an alkyl(meth)acrylate, and may contain a functional group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer as needed.

[0026] Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylate include aliphatic (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and isostearyl (meth)acrylate; and alicyclic (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl (meth)acrylate.

[0027] Examples of the functional group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer include a carboxy group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, a hydroxy group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, an amino group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, an amide group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, a glycidyl group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer, and an acetoacetyl group-containing (meth)acrylic-containing monomer.

[0028] Examples of the carboxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer include (meth)acrylic acid, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl succinate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalate, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phthalate, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, itaconic acid, and cinnamic acid.

[0029] Examples of the hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer include hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, and 12-hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate; and hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylates such as [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexanedimethanol mono(meth)acrylate, and 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate.

[0030] Examples of the amide group-containing (meth)acrylic monomer include (meth)acrylamide-based monomers such as methoxydimethylpropane(meth)acrylamide, ethoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, n-butoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryloylmorpholine, dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, diethyl(meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylamide, and N-methylol(meth)acrylamide.

[0031] These (meth)acrylic monomers may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any ratio.

[0032] Examples of styrene-based monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and dichlorostyrene.

[0033] These styrene-based monomers may be used alone or in any combination and ratio of two or more kinds.

[0034] Among these, from the viewpoints of reactivity, ease of polymerization, and cost, styrene and p-methylstyrene are preferred, and styrene is more preferred.

[0035] The proportion of structural units derived from styrene-based monomers to the total of structural units derived from (meth)acrylic monomers and structural units derived from styrene-based monomers contained in the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as the "proportion of styrene-based monomers") is preferably 5 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less.

[0036] The acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) may contain structural units derived from monomers other than the (meth)acrylic monomer and the styrene monomer, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

[0037] Specific examples of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) include "Tocryl W-172," "FILLHARMO GS400," and "FILLHARMO GS500" (all manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd.), "Polysol TI-3052," and "Polysol AM-610" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "TE-1048," "PE-1304," "HE-1335," "RE-1075," and "NE-2260" (all manufactured by Seiko PMC Corporation), and "mowinyl 752," "mowinyl 972," "mowinyl 6720," and "mowinyl 6960" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0038] These acrylic-styrene copolymers (A) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.

[0039] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention may contain, as a binder resin, in addition to the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a (meth)acrylic resin, a styrene resin, a vinyl resin, a polyester resin, an amino resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a polyether resin, a polyamide resin, a silicone resin, an olefin resin, or a copolymer containing two or more of the monomers constituting these resins (for example, a (meth)acrylic-urethane resin, a vinyl acetate-(meth)acrylic resin, an ethylene-(meth)acrylic resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, a (meth)acrylic-silicone resin, etc.).

[0040] Specific examples of (meth)acrylic resins include "Tocryl BCX-8111," "Tocryl W-168," "Tocryl X-4403," "Tocryl W-463," "Tocryl BCX-1160 R-2," "Tocryl BCX-8104," "Tocryl X-4402," and "FILLHARMO NS215" (all manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd.), "PE-1126," "JE-1056," "JE-1113," "KE-1148," "M-141," and "PE-2273" (all manufactured by Seiko PMC Corporation), "3401MA," "MT404-8," "3MF-320," "3MF-333," "SE-1658F," and "SE-2978F" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), "Aquabrid 46777," "Aquabrid UX-100," and "Aquabrid Examples of such coating materials include "UX-110" (all manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd.), "Boncoat AB-782-E", "Boncoat AC-501", and "Boncoat R-3380-E" (all manufactured by DIC Corporation), "mowinyl 727", "mowinyl 6520", and "mowinyl 743N" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0041] Specific examples of styrene resins include "Boncoat SK-105E" (both manufactured by DIC Corporation).

[0042] Examples of vinyl resins include vinyl acetate resins, vinyl alcohol resins, and vinyl chloride resins. Specific examples of vinyl acetate resins include "Polysol S-5J," "Polysol AX-590W," "Polysol AX-751," "Polysol AX-428J," "Polysol AX-510ZL," "Polysol AX-951," "Polysol BX-7057Z," and "Polysol AM-200" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.).

[0043] Specific examples of vinyl alcohol resins include "Gohsenol N-300," "Gohsenol NL-05," "Gohsenol AL-06R," "Gohsenol GH-22," "Gohsenol GH-20R," "Gohsenol GH-17R," "Gohsenol GM-14R," "Gohsenol GL-05," "Gohsenol GL-03," "Gohsenol KH-20," "Gohsenol KH-17," "Gohsenol KL-17," "Gohsenol KL-05," "Gohsenol KL-03," "Gohsenol NK-05R," "Gohsenex Z-100," "Gohsenex Z-200," "Gohsenex Z-300," "Gohsenex Z-410," "Gohsenex K-434," "Gohsenex L-3266," "Gohsenex CKS-50," "Gohsenex T-330H," "Gohsenex T-350," and "Gohsenex Examples of suitable acrylic resins include "Exceval LW-100," "Gosenex LW-200," and "Gosenex WO-320N" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), "Exceval RS-4104," "Exceval RS-2117," "Exceval RS-2817," "Exceval RS-1113," "Exceval RS-1713," "Exceval RS-1717," and "Exceval HR-3010" (all manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.).

[0044] Specific examples of vinyl chloride resins include "Viniblan 985," "Viniblan HD-057," and "Viniblan 871-8" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0045] Specific examples of polyester resins include "Nichigo Polyester WR-901," "Nichigo Polyester WR-905," "Nichigo Polyester WR-961," and "Nichigo Polyester W-1031" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), "Vylonal MD-1200," "Vylonal MD-1500," "Vylonal MD-2000," "Vylonal MD-1480," and "Vylonal MD-1985" (all manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and "Sepolsion ES" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.).

[0046] Specific examples of amino resins include "BECKOPOX EH 613w / 80WA" and "BECKOPOX VEH 2106w / 80WA" (both manufactured by Daicel Allnex Co., Ltd.).

[0047] Specific examples of epoxy resins include "BECKOPOX EP 2307w / 45WAMP," "BECKOPOX EP 2384w / 57WA," and "BECKOPOX EM 2120w / 45WA" (manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Corporation), and "ADEKA RESIN EM Series" (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).

[0048] Specific examples of urethane resins include "WBR-016U" and "WBR-3004" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), "DAOTAN VTW 1265 / 36WA", "DAOTAN VTW 6450 / 30WA", "DAOTAN VTW 6492 / 35WA", and "DAOTAN VTW 7001 / 36WA" (all manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Corporation), and "HYDRAN HW-171" and "HYDRAN HW-350" (all manufactured by DIC Corporation).

[0049] Specific examples of polyether resins include "SN Thickener 601," "Nopal 710N," "SN Thickener A-801," and "SN Thickener A-816" (all manufactured by San Nopco Ltd.).

[0050] The polyether resin may be a urethane-modified polyether resin, and specific examples include "SN Thickener 603," "SN Thickener 607," "SN Thickener 612," "SN Thickener 612N," "SN Thickener 619," "SN Thickener 621N," "SN Thickener 621TF," "SN Thickener 623N," "SN Thickener 624N," "SN Thickener 625N," "SN Thickener 629N," "Nopal 700N," and "SN Thickener A-814" (all manufactured by San Nopco Limited).

[0051] Specific examples of polyamide resins include "Sepolsion NE205" and "Sepolsion PA" (both manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals), "AQ Nylon A-90", "AQ Nylon P-70", "AQ Nylon P-95", and "AQ Nylon T-70" (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).

[0052] Specific examples of silicone resins include "DOWSIL 8024," "DOWSIL SH 7024," and "DOWSIL SH 7025 EX" (all manufactured by Dow Chemical).

[0053] Specific examples of olefin resins include "AQUACER 532," "AQUACER 513," "AQUACER 517," "AQUACER 552," "AQUACER 593," "AQUACER 1547," and "AQUACER 2500" (all manufactured by BYK), "Sepolsion G" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals), "Arrowbase SB-1200," "Arrowbase SE-1200," "Arrowbase SD-1200," "Arrowbase DA-1010," "Arrowbase DC-1010," and "Arrowbase YA-6010" (all manufactured by Unitika Ltd.).

[0054] Specific examples of (meth)acrylic-urethane resins include "3DR-9057", "3DR-1000", "WEM-200U", "WEM-3000", and "WEM-505C" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0055] Specific examples of vinyl acetate-(meth)acrylic resins include "Polysol 747L" (both manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Vinyblan A68J1", "Vinyblan A68J1N", and "Vinyblan A70J2M" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0056] Specific examples of ethylene-(meth)acrylic resins include "Aquatex AC-3100" (both manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.), "AQUACER 1061" and "AQUACER 1055" (both manufactured by BYK).

[0057] Specific examples of ethylene-vinyl acetate resins include "Polysol AM-3000," "Polysol EVA AD-21," "Polysol EVA AD-5," "Polysol EVA AD-56," "Polysol HG-600H," "Polysol EVA ADE-107," and "Polysol EVA M-260F" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Aquatex EC-1200," "Aquatex EC-1700," and "Aquatex EC-1800" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.), "Sepolsion VA406" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "Vinyblan 3483Y" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), "Sumikaflex S-201HQ," "Sumikaflex S-305HQ," "Sumikaflex S-465HQ," and "Sumikaflex S-752" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Chemtex Co., Ltd.).

[0058] Specific examples of (meth)acrylic-silicone resins include "Polysol AP-3900" (both manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Aquabrid ASi-91" and "Aquabrid 4790" (both manufactured by Daicel Millize Co., Ltd.), "mowinyl LDM7523", "mowinyl 7110" and "mowinyl HS-531" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0059] As for the binder resins other than the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0060] [Nonionic surfactant (B)] The nonionic surfactant (B) used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (B)") is a nonionic surfactant and contains at least a polyol fatty acid ester.

[0061] The polyol fatty acid ester is preferably at least one or more of sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. From the viewpoints of improving water dispersibility, film-forming properties, and water and oil resistance of the coating film, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and glycerin fatty acid esters are preferred, sucrose fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters are more preferred, and sucrose fatty acid esters are particularly preferred.

[0062] As the sucrose fatty acid ester, any known general sucrose fatty acid ester can be used, as long as at least one of the eight hydroxyl groups of sucrose forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0063] For example, sucrose fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically, a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the sucrose fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid may be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0064] Specific examples of sucrose fatty acid esters include "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-470," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-470P," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-970," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1170," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1670," "Ryoto Sugar Ester P-170," "Ryoto Sugar Ester P-1670," "Ryoto Sugar Ester M-1695," and "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1695." Examples of such sugar esters include "Ryoto Sugar Ester O-170," "Ryoto Sugar Ester O-1570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-195," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-595," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-1695," "Ryoto Sugar Ester B-370," "Ryoto Sugar Ester ER-190," and "Ryoto Sugar Ester POS-135" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), "DK Ester F-160," "DK Ester F-140," "DK Ester F-110," "DK Ester F-70," and "DK Ester F-50" (all manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). Among these, it is preferable to use a sucrose fatty acid ester that is solid at 0° C. or higher, since this widens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These sucrose fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0065] As the sorbitan fatty acid ester, a known general sorbitan fatty acid ester can be used, and it is sufficient that at least one of the four hydroxyl groups of sorbitan forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0066] For example, sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the sorbitan fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid can be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0067] Specific examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include "RHEODOL SP-L10," "RHEODOL SP-P10," "RHEODOL SP-S10V," "RHEODOL SP-S20," "RHEODOL SP-S30V," "RHEODOL SP-O10V," "RHEODOL SP-O30V," "RHEODOL SP-L10," "RHEODOL AS-10V," "RHEODOL AO-10V," "RHEODOL AS-15V," "Emersol L-10V," "Emersol P-10V," "Emersol S-10V," "Emersol O-10V," "Emersol L-120V," "Emersol O-120V," "Emersol S-120V," "RHEODOL TW-L120," "RHEODOL TW-L106," "RHEODOL TW-P120," "RHEODOL TW-S120V," "RHEODOL TW-S106V," "RHEODOL TW-S320V," "RHEODOL TW-O120V," and "RHEODOL TW-O106V, Rheodor TW-O320V, Rheodor TW-IS399C, Rheodor Super TW-L120 (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), Rikemal L-250A, Rikemal S-300W, Rikemal OV-250, Rikemal OR-85, Rikemal B-150, Poem S-60V, Poem S-65V, Poem O-80V, Poem C-250 (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.), Sorbon S-10E, Sorbon S-20, Sorbon S-40, Sorbon S-60, Sorbon S-80, Sorbon S-85 (all manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Nonion CP-08R, Nonion LP-20R, Nonion PP-40R Pellets, Nonion SP-60R Pellets, Nonion OP-80R," "Nonion OP-83RAT," and "Nonion OP-85R" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation). Among these, it is preferable to use a sorbitan fatty acid ester that is solid at 0° C. or higher, since this widens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These sorbitan fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0068] The glycerin fatty acid ester may be a glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester (or an organic acid monoglyceride) or a polyglycerin fatty acid ester. Glycerin organic acid fatty acid esters are monoglycerides in which one fatty acid is bonded to glycerin, and an organic acid (for example, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or diacetyltartaric acid) is further bonded to the hydroxyl group of the monoglyceride. The polyglycerol fatty acid ester has an average degree of polymerization of glycerol of, for example, 2 to 10, and may contain one or more types of fatty acid residues.

[0069] As the glycerin fatty acid ester, a known general glycerin fatty acid ester can be used, as long as at least one of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerin forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0070] For example, a glycerin fatty acid ester can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the glycerin fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid can be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0071] Specific examples of glycerin fatty acid esters include "Rheodol MS-50," "Rheodol MS-60," "Rheodol MO-60," "Rheodol MS-165V," "Excel S-95," "Excel VS-95," "Excel O-95R," "Excel O-95N," "Excel 200," "Excel 122V," "Excel P-40S," "Excel 84," "Step SS," "Homotex PT," and "Excepar G-MB" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Rikemal S-100," "Rikemal S-100P," "Rikemal S-100A," "Rikemal H-100," "Poem V-100," "Poem PV-100," "Rikemal B-100," "Rikemal HC-100," "Rikemal OL-100(E)," "Poem M-100," "Poem M-200," and "Poem M-300", "Riquemar S-200", "Riquemar HS-200K", "Poem V-200", "Poem P-200", "Poem B-200", "Poem OL-200VM", "Poem B-10", "Poem B-30", "Poem K-30", "Poem W-60", "BIOCIZER", "Riquemar PL-004", "Poem G-002", "Poem J-4081V", "Poem PR-100", "Poem PR-300", "Riquemar L-71-D", "Riquemar S-71-D", "Riquemar O-71-D(E)", "Poem DL-100", "Poem DM-100", "Poem DS-100A", "Poem DO-100V", "Poem J-4081V", "Poem PR-100, Poem PR-300 (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.), Ryoto Polyglycerol CA-F4, Ryoto Polyglycerol L-10D, Ryoto Polyglycerol L-7D, Ryoto Polyglycerol M-10D, Ryoto Polyglycerol M-7D, Ryoto Polyglycerol O-50D, Ryoto Polyglycerol O-50D, Ryoto Polyglycerol B-100D, Ryoto Polyglycerol B-70D (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), SY Glystar DAS-7S, SY Glystar TS-5S, SY GlystarPS-5S", "SY-Glister MS-3S", "SY-Glister TS-3S", "SY-Glister PS-3S", "SY-Glister DAO-7S", "SY-Glister PO-5S", "SY-Glister MO-3S", "SY-Glister PO-3S", "SY-Glister MCA-150", "SY-Glister HB-750", "SY-Glister DDB-750", "SY-Glister OE-750", "SY-Glister CV-1L", "SY-Glister CV-23", "SY-Glister THL-15", "SY-Glister THL-17", "SY-Glister THL-44", "SY-Glister THL-50", "SY-Glister THL-55", "SY-Glister GP-120", "SY-Glister GP-170", "SY-Glister GP-450", "SY-Glister CR-350H", "SY-Glister CR-310", "SY-Glister CR-500", "SY-Glister CR-ED", "SY-Glister CRS-75" (all manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd.), "SANSOFT Q-123H-C", "SANSOFT A-143E-C", "SANSOFT A-173E-C", "SANSOFT A-186E-C", "SANSOFT Q-175S-C", "SANSOFT Q-185S-C" (all manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), "MONOGL D", "MONOGL MB", "MONOGL M-14", "MONOGL H", "UNIGLY GL-106", "UNIGLY GS-106", "UNIGLY GO-102R", "UNIGLY GO-106" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), "PGLE ML10", "PGLAL ML04" (all manufactured by Daicel Corporation), and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use glycerin fatty acid esters that are solid at 0° C. or higher, as this widens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These glycerin fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0072] As the propylene glycol fatty acid ester, a known general propylene glycol fatty acid ester can be used, and it is sufficient that one of the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0073] For example, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid.

[0074] Specific examples of propylene glycol fatty acid esters include "Kao Homotex PS-200V" (manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Type BP," "Rikemal PP-100," "Rikemal PS-100," "Rikemal PO-100V," and "Rikemal PB-100" (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.). Among these, it is preferable to use propylene glycol fatty acid esters that are solid at temperatures of 0° C. or higher, as this widens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These propylene glycol fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0075] As the polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, a known general polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester can be used, and it is sufficient that one of the two hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0076] For example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid.

[0077] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters include "Nonion L-2," "Nonion S-2," "Nonion S-4," "Nonion S-6," "Nonion O-2," and "Nonion O-4" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), "Leofat O / 15," and "Leofat 60 / 15" (all manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals). Among these, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters that are solid at temperatures of 0° C. or higher are preferred, as they can broaden the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention industrially. These polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0078] As the nonionic surfactant (B) according to the present invention, nonionic surfactants other than polyol fatty acid esters, such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkylamines, may be used in combination.

[0079] As the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a known general polyoxyethylene alkyl ether can be used, and it is sufficient that one of the two hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol forms an ether structure with an aliphatic alcohol.

[0080] For example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers can be used in which the structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or erucyl alcohol.

[0081] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers include "EMULGEN 102KG," "EMULGEN 103," "EMULGEN 306P," and "EMULGEN 404" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "NONION K-204," "NONION K-220," "NONION P-208," "NONION E-202," "NONION E-205," "NONION E-212," "NONION S-202," and "NONION MN-811" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), and "Paionin D-1103-D," "Paionin D-1103-S," "Newkalgen D-1203," "Paionin D-1803," "Paionin D-1402," and "Paionin D-1502" (all manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Among these, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers that are solid at temperatures of 0° C. or higher are preferred, as they can broaden the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention industrially. These polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0082] As the polyoxyethylene alkylamine, a known general polyoxyethylene alkylamine can be used, for example, a polyoxyethylene alkylamine represented by the general formula RN-[(CH2CH2O) m -H]2 (R is a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and the two m's may be the same or different).

[0083] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkylamines include "Amit 102," "Amit 302," and "Aminone L-02" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Stahome FK," "Stahome F," "Stahome T," "Stahome DL," "Stahome DF-1," "Stahome DF-2," "Stahome DF-4," "Stahome DFC," "Stahome DO," "Stahome DOS," "Stahome MF Pellet," "Stahome LIPA," "Nymid MF-203," "Nymid MF-210," and "Nymid MT-215" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), and "Liponol C / 12," "Liponol C / 15," "Liponol C / 25," "Liponol O / 12," "Liponol O / 15," "Liponol T / 12," "Liponol T / 15," "Liponol T / 25," "Liponol HT / 12," and "Liponol HT / 14" (all manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals). Among these, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers that are solid at temperatures of 0° C. or higher are preferred, as they can broaden the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention industrially. These polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0084] The HLB value of the nonionic surfactant (B) used in the present invention is preferably 9 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less. When such an HLB value is not too high, the coating film formed tends to have excellent water resistance. On the other hand, the lower limit of the HLB value of the nonionic surfactant (B) is preferably 1 or more from the viewpoint of improving oil resistance. The HLB value can also be adjusted to fall within the above-mentioned preferred range by mixing two or more types of nonionic surfactants, one with a high HLB value and one with a low HLB value.

[0085] As described above, the nonionic surfactant (B) of the present invention preferably has a melting point of 0°C or higher, which broadens the scope of application in terms of industrial use of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention and facilitates improving the water and oil resistance of the film formed therefrom. The melting point of the nonionic surfactant (B) is more preferably 5°C or higher, even more preferably 10°C or higher, particularly preferably 15°C or higher, even more preferably 25°C or higher, and most preferably 40°C or higher. In consideration of processing temperature and decomposition temperature, the melting point of the nonionic surfactant (B) is preferably 200°C or lower, more preferably 150°C or lower, even more preferably 100°C or lower, particularly preferably 85°C or lower, and most preferably 70°C or lower.

[0086] These nonionic surfactants (B) may be used alone or in combination of the same or different surfactants.

[0087] Wax The wax (C) used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (C)") is solid at room temperature (23°C in the present invention) and becomes liquid when heated, and is distinguished from liquid paraffin, which is liquid at room temperature. The melting point of wax (C) is usually above room temperature, preferably above 40°C, and more preferably above 60°C. On the other hand, it is usually below 200°C, preferably below 150°C, more preferably below 100°C, and particularly preferably below 90°C. If the melting point is high, the resulting coating film is less likely to become sticky, and the oil resistance targeted in the present invention is more easily achieved. On the other hand, if the melting point is low, the wax tends to have excellent dispersibility in water.

[0088] Examples of such wax (C) include hydrocarbon waxes such as solid paraffin, microcrystalline wax, ceresin wax, polyethylene wax, and polypropylene wax, hardened oils such as hydrogenated castor oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil, natural waxes mainly composed of fatty acid ester compounds such as carnauba wax, rice bran wax, beeswax, montan wax, and candelilla wax, and synthetic waxes such as synthetic fatty acid esters and synthetic fatty acid amides. Among these, fatty acid ester compounds having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from a fatty alcohol are preferred.

[0089] The number of carbon atoms in the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid is usually 10 to 40, preferably 12 to 38, more preferably 14 to 36, and particularly preferably 16 to 34. A large number of carbon atoms tends to provide excellent water and oil resistance when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, while a small number of carbon atoms tends to provide excellent dispersibility in water. Examples of the fatty acids include lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, eicosaedic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, tricosylic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, pentacosanoic acid, cerotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, nonacosanoic acid, melissic acid, hentriacontanoic acid, dotriacontanoic acid, tritriacontanoic acid, tetratriacontanoic acid, pentatriacontanoic acid, hexatriacontanoic acid, heptatriacontanoic acid, octatriacontanoic acid, nonatriacontanoic acid, and tetracontanoic acid.

[0090] The structural moiety derived from the aliphatic alcohol has usually 12 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 38 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 36 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 18 to 34 carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms is large, the water and oil resistance tends to be excellent when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, whereas when the number of carbon atoms is small, the dispersibility of the wax in water tends to be excellent.

[0091] Examples of the aliphatic alcohols include lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol, palmitoleyl alcohol, 1-heptadecanol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, elaidolinoleyl alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, and lignoceryl alcohol. Examples of the alcohol include stearyl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, montanyl alcohol, 1-nonacosanol, myricyl alcohol, 1-dotriacontanol, and 1-tetratriacontanol, and preferred are stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, montanyl alcohol, 1-nonacosanol, myricyl alcohol, 1-dotriacontanol, and 1-tetratriacontanol.

[0092] The ester compound having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol may be a reaction product of the fatty acid and the aliphatic alcohol.

[0093] Examples of ester compounds having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol include lauric acids such as lauryl laurate, tridecyl laurate, myristyl laurate, pentadecyl laurate, hexadecan-1-yl laurate, palmitoleyl laurate, heptadecan-1-yl laurate, stearyl laurate, isostearyl laurate, elaidyl laurate, oleyl laurate, linoleyl laurate, elaidolinoleyl laurate, ricinoleyl laurate, nonadecyl laurate, arachidyl laurate, heneicosane laurate, behenyl laurate, erucyl laurate, lignoceryl laurate, seryl laurate, heptacosan-1-yl laurate, montanyl laurate, nonacosan-1-yl laurate, myricyl laurate, dotriacontan-1-yl laurate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl laurate; Lauryl myristate, tridecyl myristate, myristyl myristate, pentadecyl myristate, hexadecan-1-yl myristate, palmitoleyl myristate, heptadecan-1-yl myristate, stearyl myristate, isostearyl myristate, elaidyl myristate, oleyl myristate, linoleyl myristate, elaidolinoleyl myristate, ricinoleyl myristate, myristate myristic acids such as nonadecyl myristate, arachidyl myristate, heneicosane myristate, behenyl myristate, erucyl myristate, lignoceryl myristate, seryl myristate, heptacosan-1-yl myristate, montanyl myristate, nonacosan-1-yl myristate, myricyl myristate, dotriacontan-1-yl myristate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl myristate; Lauryl pentadecylate, tridecyl pentadecylate, myristyl pentadecylate, pentadecyl pentadecylate, hexadecan-1-yl pentadecylate, palmitoleic pentadecylate, heptadecan-1-yl pentadecylate, stearyl pentadecylate, isostearyl pentadecylate, elaidyl pentadecylate, oleyl pentadecylate, linoleyl pentadecylate, elaidolinoleyl pentadecylate, ricinoleyl pentadecylate, pen pentadecylic acids such as nonadecyl pentadecylate, arachidyl pentadecylate, heneicosane pentadecylate, behenyl pentadecylate, erucyl pentadecylate, lignoceryl pentadecylate, seryl pentadecylate, heptacosan-1-yl pentadecylate, montanyl pentadecylate, nonacosan-1-yl pentadecylate, myricyl pentadecylate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentadecylate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentadecylate; Lauryl palmitate, tridecyl palmitate, myristyl palmitate, pentadecyl palmitate, hexadecan-1-yl palmitate, palmitoleyl palmitate, heptadecan-1-yl palmitate, stearyl palmitate, isostearyl palmitate, elaidyl palmitate, oleyl palmitate, linoleyl palmitate, elaidyl palmitate, ricinoleyl palmitate, palmitic acid, palmitic acids such as nonadecyl palmitate, arachidyl palmitate, heneicosane palmitate, behenyl palmitate, erucyl palmitate, lignoceryl palmitate, seryl palmitate, heptacosan-1-yl palmitate, montanyl palmitate, nonacosan-1-yl palmitate, myricyl palmitate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitate; Lauryl palmitoleate, tridecyl palmitoleate, myristyl palmitoleate, pentadecyl palmitoleate, hexadecan-1-yl palmitoleate, palmitoleic acid, heptadecan-1-yl palmitoleate, stearyl palmitoleate, isostearyl palmitoleate, elaidyl palmitoleate, oleyl palmitoleate, linoleyl palmitoleate, elaidyl palmitoleate, ricinoleyl palmitoleate, palmitoleic acid, Palmitoleic acids such as nonadecyl lumitoleate, arachidyl palmitoleate, heneicosane palmitoleate, behenyl palmitoleate, erucyl palmitoleate, lignoceryl palmitoleate, seryl palmitoleate, heptacosan-1-yl palmitoleate, montanyl palmitoleate, nonacosan-1-yl palmitoleate, myricyl palmitoleate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitoleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitoleate; Margaric acids such as lauryl margarate, tridecyl margarate, myristyl margarate, pentadecyl margarate, hexadecan-1-yl margarate, palmitoleyl margarate, heptadecan-1-yl margarate, stearyl margarate, isostearyl margarate, elaidyl margarate, oleyl margarate, linoleyl margarate, elaidolinoleyl margarate, ricinoleyl margarate, nonadecyl margarate, arachidyl margarate, heneicosane margarate, behenyl margarate, erucyl margarate, lignoceryl margarate, seryl margarate, heptacosan-1-yl margarate, montanyl margarate, nonacosan-1-yl margarate, myricyl margarate, dotriacontan-1-yl margarate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl margarate; stearic acids such as lauryl stearate, tridecyl stearate, myristyl stearate, pentadecyl stearate, hexadecan-1-yl stearate, palmitoleic stearate, heptadecan-1-yl stearate, stearyl stearate, isostearyl stearate, elaidyl stearate, oleyl stearate, linoleyl stearate, elaidolinoleyl stearate, ricinoleyl stearate, nonadecyl stearate, arachidyl stearate, heneicosane stearate, behenyl stearate, erucyl stearate, lignoceryl stearate, ceryl stearate, heptacosan-1-yl stearate, montanyl stearate, nonacosan-1-yl stearate, myricyl stearate, dotriacontan-1-yl stearate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl stearate; oleic acids such as lauryl oleate, tridecyl oleate, myristyl oleate, pentadecyl oleate, hexadecan-1-yl oleate, palmitoleic oleate, heptadecan-1-yl oleate, stearyl oleate, isostearyl oleate, elaidyl oleate, oleyl oleate, linoleyl oleate, elaidolinoleyl oleate, ricinoleyl oleate, nonadecyl oleate, arachidyl oleate, heneicosane oleate, behenyl oleate, erucyl oleate, lignoceryl oleate, seryl oleate, heptacosan-1-yl oleate, montanyl oleate, nonacosan-1-yl oleate, myricyl oleate, dotriacontan-1-yl oleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl oleate; Lauryl vaccenate, tridecyl vaccenate, myristyl vaccenate, pentadecyl vaccenate, hexadecan-1-yl vaccenate, palmitoleic vaccenate, heptadecan-1-yl vaccenate, stearyl vaccenate, isostearyl vaccenate, elaidyl vaccenate, oleyl vaccenate, linoleyl vaccenate, elaidolinoleyl vaccenate, ricinoleyl vaccenate, vaccenate vaccenic acids such as nonadecyl vaccenic acid, arachidyl vaccenic acid, heneicosane vaccenic acid, behenyl vaccenic acid, erucyl vaccenic acid, lignoceryl vaccenic acid, seryl vaccenic acid, heptacosan-1-yl vaccenic acid, montanyl vaccenic acid, nonacosan-1-yl vaccenic acid, myricyl vaccenic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl vaccenic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl vaccenic acid; Linoleic acids such as lauryl linoleate, tridecyl linoleate, myristyl linoleate, pentadecyl linoleate, hexadecan-1-yl linoleate, palmitoleic linoleate, heptadecan-1-yl linoleate, stearyl linoleate, isostearyl linoleate, elaidyl linoleate, oleyl linoleate, linoleyl linoleate, elaidolinoleyl linoleate, ricinoleyl linoleate, nonadecyl linoleate, arachidyl linoleate, heneicosane linoleate, behenyl linoleate, erucyl linoleate, lignoceryl linoleate, seryl linoleate, heptacosan-1-yl linoleate, montanyl linoleate, nonacosan-1-yl linoleate, myricyl linoleate, dotriacontan-1-yl linoleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl linoleate; Lauryl linolenate, tridecyl linolenate, myristyl linolenate, pentadecyl linolenate, hexadecan-1-yl linolenate, palmitoleic linolenate, heptadecan-1-yl linolenate, stearyl linolenate, isostearyl linolenate, elaidyl linolenate, oleyl linolenate, linoleyl linolenate, elaidolinoleyl linolenate, ricinoleyl linolenate, linoleic acid Linolenic acids such as nonadecyl linolenate, arachidyl linolenate, heneicosane linolenate, behenyl linolenate, erucyl linolenate, lignoceryl linolenate, seryl linolenate, heptacosan-1-yl linolenate, montanyl linolenate, nonacosan-1-yl linolenate, myricyl linolenate, dotriacontan-1-yl linolenate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl linolenate; Lauryl eleostearate, tridecyl eleostearate, myristyl eleostearate, pentadecyl eleostearate, hexadecan-1-yl eleostearate, palmitoleic eleostearate, heptadecan-1-yl eleostearate, stearyl eleostearate, isostearyl eleostearate, elaidyl eleostearate, oleyl eleostearate, linoleyl eleostearate, elidelinoleyl eleostearate, ricinoleyl eleostearate, eleostearate eleostearic acids such as nonadecyl eleostearate, arachidyl eleostearate, heneicosane eleostearate, behenyl eleostearate, erucyl eleostearate, lignoceryl eleostearate, ceryl eleostearate, heptacosan-1-yl eleostearate, montanyl eleostearate, nonacosan-1-yl eleostearate, myricyl eleostearate, dotriacontan-1-yl eleostearate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl eleostearate; Lauryl arachidate, tridecyl arachidate, myristyl arachidate, pentadecyl arachidate, hexadecan-1-yl arachidate, palmitoleic arachidate, heptadecan-1-yl arachidate, stearyl arachidate, isostearyl arachidate, elaidyl arachidate, oleyl arachidate, linoleyl arachidate, elaidolinoleyl arachidate, ricinoleyl arachidate, arachidyl arachidic acids such as nonadecyl arachidate, arachidyl arachidate, heneicosane arachidate, behenyl arachidate, erucyl arachidate, lignoceryl arachidate, seryl arachidate, heptacosan-1-yl arachidate, montanyl arachidate, nonacosan-1-yl arachidate, myricyl arachidate, dotriacontan-1-yl arachidate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidate; Lauryl eicosaedate, tridecyl eicosaedate, myristyl eicosaedate, pentadecyl eicosaedate, hexadecan-1-yl eicosaedate, palmitoleic eicosaedate, heptadecan-1-yl eicosaedate, stearyl eicosaedate, isostearyl eicosaedate, elaidyl eicosaedate, oleyl eicosaedate, linoleyl eicosaedate, elidelinoleyl eicosaedate, ricinoleyl eicosaedate, eicosaedic acids such as nonadecyl eicosaedic acid, arachidyl eicosaedic acid, heneicosane eicosaedic acid, behenyl eicosaedic acid, erucyl eicosaedic acid, lignoceryl eicosaedic acid, seryl eicosaedic acid, heptacosan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, montanyl eicosaedic acid, nonacosan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, myricyl eicosaedic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl eicosaedic acid; mead acids such as lauryl meadate, tridecyl meadate, myristyl meadate, pentadecyl meadate, hexadecan-1-yl meadate, palmitoleic meadate, heptadecan-1-yl meadate, stearyl meadate, isostearyl meadate, elaidyl meadate, oleyl meadate, linoleyl meadate, elaidolinoleyl meadate, ricinoleyl meadate, nonadecyl meadate, arachidyl meadate, heneicosane meadate, behenyl meadate, erucyl meadate, lignoceryl meadate, seryl meadate, heptacosan-1-yl laurate, montanyl meadate, nonacosan-1-yl meadate, myricyl meadate, dotriacontan-1-yl meadate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl meadate; Lauryl arachidonate, tridecyl arachidonate, myristyl arachidonate, pentadecyl arachidonate, hexadecan-1-yl arachidonate, palmitoleic arachidonate, heptadecan-1-yl arachidonate, stearyl arachidonate, isostearyl arachidonate, elaidyl arachidonate, oleyl arachidonate, linoleyl arachidonate, elaidolinoleyl arachidonate, ricinoleyl arachidonate, arachidonate arachidonic acids such as nonadecyl arachidonate, arachidonic acid arachidonic acid, heneicosane arachidonate, behenyl arachidonate, erucyl arachidonate, lignoceryl arachidonate, seryl arachidonate, heptacosan-1-yl arachidonate, montanyl arachidonate, nonacosan-1-yl arachidonate, myricyl arachidonate, dotriacontan-1-yl arachidonate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidonate; behenic acids such as lauryl behenate, tridecyl behenate, myristyl behenate, pentadecyl behenate, hexadecan-1-yl behenate, palmitoleic behenate, heptadecan-1-yl behenate, stearyl behenate, isostearyl behenate, elaidyl behenate, oleyl behenate, linoleyl behenate, elaidolinoleyl behenate, ricinoleyl behenate, nonadecyl behenate, arachidyl behenate, heneicosane behenate, behenyl behenate, erucyl behenate, lignoceryl behenate, seryl behenate, heptacosan-1-yl behenate, montanyl behenate, nonacosan-1-yl behenate, myricyl behenate, dotriacontan-1-yl behenate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl behenate; Lauryl tricosylate, tridecyl tricosylate, myristyl tricosylate, pentadecyl tricosylate, hexadecan-1-yl tricosylate, palmitoleyl tricosylate, heptadecan-1-yl tricosylate, stearyl tricosylate, isostearyl tricosylate, elaidyl tricosylate, oleyl tricosylate, linoleyl tricosylate, elaidolinoleyl tricosylate, ricinoleyl tricosylate, tri tricosylate such as nonadecyl cosylate, arachidyl tricosylate, heneicosane tricosylate, behenyl tricosylate, erucyl tricosylate, lignoceryl tricosylate, seryl tricosylate, heptacosan-1-yl tricosylate, montanyl tricosylate, nonacosan-1-yl tricosylate, myricyl tricosylate, dotriacontan-1-yl tricosylate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tricosylate; Lauryl lignocerate, Tridecyl lignocerate, Myristyl lignocerate, Pentadecyl lignocerate, Hexadecan-1-yl lignocerate, Palmitoleyl lignocerate, Heptadecan-1-yl lignocerate, Stearyl lignocerate, Isostearyl lignocerate, Elaidyl lignocerate, Oleyl lignocerate, Linoleyl lignocerate, Elidelinoleyl lignocerate, Ricinoleyl lignocerate, Lig Lignocerates such as nonadecyl lignocerate, arachidyl lignocerate, heneicosane lignocerate, behenyl lignocerate, erucyl lignocerate, lignoceryl lignocerate, seryl lignocerate, heptacosan-1-yl lignocerate, montanyl lignocerate, nonacosan-1-yl lignocerate, myricyl lignocerate, dotriacontan-1-yl lignocerate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl lignocerate; Nervonic acids such as lauryl nervonate, tridecyl nervonate, myristyl nervonate, pentadecyl nervonate, hexadecan-1-yl nervonate, palmitoleic nervonate, heptadecan-1-yl nervonate, stearyl nervonate, isostearyl nervonate, elaidyl nervonate, oleyl nervonate, linoleyl nervonate, elidelinoleyl nervonate, ricinoleyl nervonate, nonadecyl nervonate, arachidyl nervonate, heneicosane nervonate, behenyl nervonate, erucyl nervonate, lignoceryl arachidonate, seryl nervonate, heptacosan-1-yl nervonate, montanyl nervonate, nonacosan-1-yl nervonate, myricyl nervonate, dotriacontan-1-yl nervonate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nervonate; Lauryl pentacosanoate, Tridecyl pentacosanoate, Myristyl pentacosanoate, Pentadecyl pentacosanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl pentacosanoate, Palmitoleyl pentacosanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl pentacosanoate, Stearyl pentacosanoate, Isostearyl pentacosanoate, Elaidyl pentacosanoate, Oleyl pentacosanoate, Linoleyl pentacosanoate, Elaidolinoleyl pentacosanoate, Ricinoleyl pentacosanoate, Pen Pentacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl pentacosanoate, arachidyl pentacosanoate, heneicosane pentacosanoate, behenyl pentacosanoate, erucyl pentacosanoate, lignoceryl pentacosanoate, seryl pentacosanoate, heptacosan-1-yl pentacosanoate, montanyl pentacosanoate, nonacosan-1-yl pentacosanoate, myricyl pentacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentacosanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentacosanoate; Lauryl cerotate, tridecyl cerotate, myristyl cerotate, pentadecyl cerotate, hexadecan-1-yl cerotate, palmitoleic cerotate, heptadecan-1-yl cerotate, stearyl cerotate, isostearyl cerotate, elaidyl cerotate, oleyl cerotate, linoleyl cerotate, elaidolinoleyl cerotate, ricinoleyl cerotate, cerotate cerotic acids such as nonadecyl cerotic acid, arachidyl cerotic acid, heneicosane cerotic acid, behenyl cerotic acid, erucyl cerotic acid, lignoceryl cerotic acid, seryl cerotic acid, heptacosan-1-yl cerotic acid, montanyl cerotic acid, nonacosan-1-yl cerotic acid, myricyl cerotic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl cerotic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl cerotic acid; Lauryl heptacosanoate, Tridecyl heptacosanoate, Myristyl heptacosanoate, Pentadecyl heptacosanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl heptacosanoate, Palmitoleic heptacosanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl heptacosanoate, Stearyl heptacosanoate, Isostearyl heptacosanoate, Elaidyl heptacosanoate, Oleyl heptacosanoate, Linoleyl heptacosanoate, Elaidolinoleyl heptacosanoate, Ricinoleyl heptacosanoate, Heptacosanoate heptacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl heptacosanoate, arachidyl heptacosanoate, heneicosane heptacosanoate, behenyl heptacosanoate, erucyl heptacosanoate, lignoceryl heptacosanoate, seryl heptacosanoate, 1-heptacosanyl heptacosanoate, montanyl heptacosanoate, 1-nonacosanyl heptacosanoate, myricyl heptacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate; montanic acids such as lauryl montanate, tridecyl montanate, myristyl montanate, pentadecyl montanate, hexadecan-1-yl montanate, palmitoleyl montanate, heptadecan-1-yl montanate, stearyl montanate, isostearyl montanate, elaidyl montanate, oleyl montanate, linoleyl montanate, elaidolinoleyl montanate, ricinoleyl montanate, nonadecyl montanate, arachidyl montanate, heneicosane montanate, behenyl montanate, erucyl montanate, lignoceryl montanate, seryl montanate, heptacosan-1-yl montanate, montanyl montanate, nonacosan-1-yl montanate, myricyl montanate, dotriacontan-1-yl montanate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl montanate; Lauryl nonacosanoate, tridecyl nonacosanoate, myristyl nonacosanoate, pentadecyl nonacosanoate, hexadecan-1-yl nonacosanoate, palmitoleyl nonacosanoate, heptadecan-1-yl nonacosanoate, stearyl nonacosanoate, isostearyl nonacosanoate, elaidyl nonacosanoate, oleyl nonacosanoate, linoleyl nonacosanoate, elidelinoleyl nonacosanoate, ricinoleyl nonacosanoate, nonacosanoic acid nonacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl nonacosanoate, arachidyl nonacosanoate, heneicosane nonacosanoate, behenyl nonacosanoate, erucyl nonacosanoate, lignoceryl nonacosanoate, seryl nonacosanoate, heptacosan-1-yl nonacosanoate, montanyl nonacosanoate, nonacosane-1-yl nonacosanoate, myricyl nonacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate; melissic acids such as lauryl melissic acid, tridecyl melissic acid, myristyl melissic acid, pentadecyl melissic acid, hexadecan-1-yl melissic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecan-1-yl melissic acid, stearyl melissic acid, isostearyl melissic acid, elaidyl melissic acid, oleyl melissic acid, linoleyl melissic acid, elaidolinoleyl melissic acid, ricinoleyl melissic acid, nonadecyl melissic acid, arachidyl melissic acid, heneicosane melissic acid, behenyl melissic acid, erucyl melissic acid, lignoceryl melissic acid, seryl melissic acid, heptacosan-1-yl melissic acid, montanyl melissic acid, nonacosan-1-yl melissic acid, myricyl melissic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl melissic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl melissic acid; Lauryl hentriacontanoate, Tridecyl hentriacontanoate, Myristyl hentriacontanoate, Pentadecyl hentriacontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, Palmitoleic hentriacontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, Stearyl hentriacontanoate, Isostearyl hentriacontanoate, Elaidyl hentriacontanoate, Oleyl hentriacontanoate, Linoleyl hentriacontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl hentriacontanoate, Ricinoleyl hentriacontanoate, hentriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl triacontanoate, arachidyl hentriacontanoate, heneicosane hentriacontanoate, behenyl hentriacontanoate, erucyl hentriacontanoate, lignoceryl hentriacontanoate, seryl hentriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, montanyl hentriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, myricyl hentriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate; Lauryl dotriacontanoate, Tridecyl dotriacontanoate, Myristyl dotriacontanoate, Pentadecyl dotriacontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, Palmitoleyl dotriacontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, Stearyl dotriacontanoate, Isostearyl dotriacontanoate, Elaidyl dotriacontanoate, Oleyl dotriacontanoate, Linoleyl dotriacontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl dotriacontanoate, Ricinoleyl dotriacontanoate, Dotriacontanoate dotriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl dotriacontanoate, arachidyl dotriacontanoate, heneicosane dotriacontanoate, behenyl dotriacontanoate, erucyl dotriacontanoate, lignoceryl dotriacontanoate, seryl dotriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, montanyl dotriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, myricyl dotriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate; Lauryl tritriacontanoate, tridecyl tritriacontanoate, myristyl tritriacontanoate, pentadecyl tritriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, palmitoleyl tritriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, stearyl tritriacontanoate, isostearyl tritriacontanoate, elaidyl tritriacontanoate, oleyl tritriacontanoate, linoleyl tritriacontanoate, elaidyl tritriacontanoate, ricinoleyl tritriacontanoate, tri tritriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tritriacontanoate, arachidyl tritriacontanoate, heneicosane tritriacontanoate, behenyl tritriacontanoate, erucyl tritriacontanoate, lignoceryl tritriacontanoate, seryl tritriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, montanyl tritriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, myricyl tritriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate; Lauryl tetratriacontanoate, tridecyl tetratriacontanoate, myristyl tetratriacontanoate, pentadecyl tetratriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, palmitoleic tetratriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, stearyl tetratriacontanoate, isostearyl tetratriacontanoate, elaidyl tetratriacontanoate, oleyl tetratriacontanoate, linoleyl tetratriacontanoate, elaidyl tetratriacontanoate, ricinoleyl tetratriacontanoate, tetratriacontanoate tetratriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tetratriacontanoate, arachidyl tetratriacontanoate, heneicosane tetratriacontanoate, behenyl tetratriacontanoate, erucyl tetratriacontanoate, lignoceryl tetratriacontanoate, seryl tetratriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, montanyl tetratriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, myricyl tetratriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate; Lauryl pentatriacontanoate, tridecyl pentatriacontanoate, myristyl pentatriacontanoate, pentadecyl pentatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, palmitoleic pentatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, stearyl pentatriacontanoate, isostearyl pentatriacontanoate, elaidyl pentatriacontanoate, oleyl pentatriacontanoate, linoleyl pentatriacontanoate, elaidyl pentatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl pentatriacontanoate, pen pentatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl pentatriacontanoate, arachidyl pentatriacontanoate, heneicosane pentatriacontanoate, behenyl pentatriacontanoate, erucyl pentatriacontanoate, lignoceryl pentatriacontanoate, seryl pentatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, montanyl pentatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, myricyl pentatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate; Lauryl hexatriacontanoate, tridecyl hexatriacontanoate, myristyl hexatriacontanoate, pentadecyl hexatriacontanoate, 1-hexadecanyl hexatriacontanoate, palmitoleic hexatriacontanoate, 1-heptadecanyl hexatriacontanoate, stearyl hexatriacontanoate, isostearyl hexatriacontanoate, elaidyl hexatriacontanoate, oleyl hexatriacontanoate, linoleyl hexatriacontanoate, elaidyl hexatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl hexatriacontanoate, hexatriacontanoate Hexatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl hexatriacontanoate, arachidyl hexatriacontanoate, heneicosane hexatriacontanoate, behenyl hexatriacontanoate, erucyl hexatriacontanoate, lignoceryl hexatriacontanoate, seryl hexatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, montanyl hexatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, myricyl hexatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate; Lauryl heptatriacontanoate, Tridecyl heptatriacontanoate, Myristyl heptatriacontanoate, Pentadecyl heptatriacontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, Palmitoleic heptatriacontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, Stearyl heptatriacontanoate, Isostearyl heptatriacontanoate, Elaidyl heptatriacontanoate, Oleyl heptatriacontanoate, Linoleyl heptatriacontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl heptatriacontanoate, Ricinoleyl heptatriacontanoate, Heptatriacontanoate heptatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl heptatriacontanoate, arachidyl hexatriacontanoate, heneicosane heptatriacontanoate, behenyl heptatriacontanoate, erucyl heptatriacontanoate, lignoceryl heptatriacontanoate, seryl heptatriacontanoate, 1-heptacosanyl heptatriacontanoate, montanyl heptatriacontanoate, 1-nonacosyl heptatriacontanoate, myricyl heptatriacontanoate, 1-dotriacontanyl heptatriacontanoate, and 1-tetratriacontanyl heptatriacontanoate; Lauryl octatriacontanoate, tridecyl octatriacontanoate, myristyl octatriacontanoate, pentadecyl octatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, palmitoleyl octatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, stearyl octatriacontanoate, isostearyl octatriacontanoate, elaidyl octatriacontanoate, oleyl octatriacontanoate, linoleyl octatriacontanoate, elidelinoleyl octatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl octatriacontanoate, octatriacontanoate octatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl octatriacontanoate, arachidyl octatriacontanoate, heneicosane octatriacontanoate, behenyl octatriacontanoate, erucyl octatriacontanoate, lignoceryl octatriacontanoate, seryl octatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, montanyl octatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, myricyl octatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl octatriacontanoate; Lauryl nonatriacontanoate, tridecyl nonatriacontanoate, myristyl nonatriacontanoate, pentadecyl nonatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, palmitoleic nonatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, stearyl nonatriacontanoate, isostearyl nonatriacontanoate, elaidyl nonatriacontanoate, oleyl nonatriacontanoate, linoleyl nonatriacontanoate, elaidyl nonatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl nonatriacontanoate, nonatriacontanoate nonatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl nonatriacontanoate, arachidyl nonatriacontanoate, heneicosane nonatriacontanoate, behenyl nonatriacontanoate, erucyl nonatriacontanoate, lignoceryl nonatriacontanoate, seryl nonatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, montanyl nonatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, myricyl nonatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate; Lauryl tetracontanoate, Tridecyl tetracontanoate, Myristyl tetracontanoate, Pentadecyl tetracontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl tetracontanoate, Palmitoleyl tetracontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl tetracontanoate, Stearyl tetracontanoate, Isostearyl tetracontanoate, Elaidyl tetracontanoate, Oleyl tetracontanoate, Linoleyl tetracontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl tetracontanoate, Ricinoleyl tetracontanoate, Tetracontanoate tetracontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tetracontanoate, arachidyl tetracontanoate, heneicosane tetracontanoate, behenyl tetracontanoate, erucyl tetracontanoate, lignoceryl tetracontanoate, seryl tetracontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tetracontanoate, montanyl tetracontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tetracontanoate, myricyl tetracontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tetracontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tetracontanoate; and the like.

[0094] Among these, palmitic acids, stearic acids, arachidic acids, behenic acids, tricosylic acids, lignoceric acids, pentacosanoic acids, cerotic acids, heptacosanoic acids, montanic acids, nonacosanoic acids, melissic acids, hentriacontanoic acids, dotriacontanoic acids, and tritriacontanoic acids are preferred, and particularly montanyl palmitate, myricyl palmitate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitate, tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitate, stearyl stearate, montanyl stearate, myricyl stearate, and stearic acid are preferred. Dotriacontan-1-yl phosphate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl stearate, Montanyl arachidate, Myricyl arachidate, Dotriacontan-1-yl arachidate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidate, Behenyl behenate, Lignoceryl behenate, Seryl behenate, Montanyl behenate, Myricyl behenate, Dotriacontan-1-yl behenate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl behenate, Montanyl tricosylate, Myricyl tricosylate, Dotriacontan-1-yl tricosylate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl tricosylate -yl, Lignoceryl Lignocerate, Seryl Lignocerate, Montanyl Lignocerate, Myricyl Lignocerate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Lignocerate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Lignocerate, Montanyl Pentacosanoate, Myricyl Pentacosanoate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Pentacosanoate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Pentacosanoate, Montanyl Cerotinate, Myricyl Cerotinate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Cerotinate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Cerotinate, Montanyl Heptacosanoate, Myricyl Heptacosanoate Syl, dotriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate, montanyl montanate, myricyl montanate, dotriacontan-1-yl montanate, tetratriacontan-1-yl montanate, montanyl nonacosanoate, myricyl nonacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, montanyl melissate, myricyl melissate, dotriacontan-1-yl melissate, tetratriacontan-1-yl melissate, montanyl heptacosanoate,Myricyl hentriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, montanyl dotriacontanoate, myricyl dotriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, montanyl tritriacontanoate, myricyl tritriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate are preferred.

[0095] The ester compound generally has 22 to 80 carbon atoms, preferably 26 to 76 carbon atoms, more preferably 32 to 74 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 38 to 70 carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms is large, the water and oil resistance tends to be excellent when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, whereas when the number of carbon atoms is small, the dispersibility of the wax in water tends to be excellent.

[0096] These waxes (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the same or different waxes, or may be a mixture of multiple compounds, such as a natural wax containing the fatty acid ester compound as the main component.

[0097] [Anionic surfactants (D)] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention preferably further contains an anionic surfactant (D) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (D)") in addition to the above components (A) to (C).

[0098] As the anionic surfactant (D), any known anionic surfactant may be used, such as a fatty acid metal salt, a sulfonic acid metal salt, a sulfate ester salt, or a phosphate metal salt. Among these, fatty acid metal salts are preferred because they have high aqueous dispersion stability and can easily produce aqueous dispersions with low viscosity.

[0099] The carbon number of the fatty acid metal salt is preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 10 to 28. When the carbon number of the fatty acid metal salt is large, the viscosity-reducing effect tends to be sufficient. On the other hand, when the carbon number is small, the metal salt tends to be easily available. The fatty acid may be straight-chain or branched-chain, and may contain a hydroxyl group.

[0100] As the metal salt, alkali metal salts are preferred, and sodium salts are particularly preferred.

[0101] Specific examples of fatty acid metal salts include sodium melissate, sodium montanate, sodium cerotate, sodium lignocerate, sodium behenate, sodium arachidate, sodium arachidonate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium 12-hydroxystearate, sodium palmitate, sodium myristate, sodium laurate, sodium caprate, sodium octanoate, and sodium hexanoate. Among these fatty acid metal salts, sodium montanate, sodium behenate, sodium stearate, sodium 12-hydroxystearate, sodium oleate, and sodium laurate are preferred because they tend to be effective.

[0102] These anionic surfactants (D) may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds in any ratio.

[0103] [water] The water used in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may be any water that does not react with the components in the aqueous dispersion to produce components that inhibit dispersion, such as water-insoluble matters, and examples thereof include hard water, soft water, ion-exchanged water, ultrapure water, etc. When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains an anionic surfactant (D), it is preferable to use neutral or basic water in order to prevent reaction with the anionic surfactant (D).

[0104] [Content of each ingredient] The content of the polyol fatty acid ester in the nonionic surfactant (B) in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention must be 8 to 100 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and is preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass, particularly preferably 28 to 75 parts by mass, and most preferably 30 to 70 parts by mass. If the content of the polyol fatty acid ester relative to the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) is less than the lower limit below, the water repellency and oil repellency of the coated object tend to be poor, while if it is higher than or equal to the above range, the water dispersibility and phase separation state during blending tend to deteriorate.

[0105] The content of the polyol fatty acid ester in the nonionic surfactant (B) in the present invention is preferably 3 to 1500 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 1300 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 1000 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the wax (C). If the content of the polyol fatty acid ester relative to the wax (C) is less than the above lower limit, the water repellency and oil repellency of the coated object tend to be poor, while if it is more than the above upper limit, the water dispersibility and phase separation state during blending tend to be poor.

[0106] When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains a nonionic surfactant other than a polyol fatty acid ester as the nonionic surfactant (B), from the viewpoint of more effectively obtaining the above-mentioned effects of using the polyol fatty acid ester, the proportion of the nonionic surfactant other than the polyol fatty acid ester in the nonionic surfactant (B) is preferably 2 mass% or less, particularly 1 mass% or less, and most preferably 0 mass% (no nonionic surfactant other than the polyol fatty acid ester is contained).

[0107] The content of wax (C) in the present invention must be 7 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polyol fatty acid ester in nonionic surfactant (B), and is preferably 7 to 3,500 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 650 parts by mass, even more preferably 15 to 350 parts by mass, and most preferably 20 to 100 parts by mass. If the content of wax (C) relative to nonionic surfactant (B) exceeds the above upper limit, water dispersibility during blending tends to be poor. If the content of wax (C) relative to nonionic surfactant (B) is less than the above upper limit, the water and oil repellency of the coated object tends to be poor.

[0108] The content of wax (C) in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A). If the content of wax (C) relative to the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) is not more than the above upper limit, the particle size of the emulsion described below tends to be small and dispersion stability tends to be excellent, while if it is not less than the above lower limit, the water repellency and oil repellency of the coated object tends to be excellent.

[0109] When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains a binder resin other than the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), the content of the binder resin other than the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) is preferably 50% by mass or less, particularly 25% by mass or less, and most preferably 0% by mass (no binder resin other than the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A)) relative to the total of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) and the binder resin other than the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), from the viewpoint of effectively obtaining the above-mentioned effects achieved by using the acrylic-styrene copolymer.

[0110] When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains an anionic surfactant (D), the content of the anionic surfactant (D) is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.7 to 40 parts by mass, even more preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total of the nonionic surfactant (B) and the anionic surfactant (D). A high content of anionic surfactant (D) makes it easier to fully improve the dispersibility of nonionic surfactant (B) and wax (C) in water, while a low content of anionic surfactant (D) tends to result in a water dispersion with low viscosity and excellent fluidity.

[0111] In the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, the total content of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), the nonionic surfactant (B), and the wax (C) relative to the components other than water is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more. By having a high total content of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), the nonionic surfactant (B), and the wax (C), the effects of the present invention due to the inclusion of these components can be effectively obtained.

[0112] In the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, the water content is preferably high because the aqueous dispersion tends to have low viscosity and excellent fluidity, and because resin residue adhering to the roller becomes a drawback, particularly when a continuous squeezing process using a mandrel or the like is included. From these viewpoints, the water content of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50% by mass or more. On the other hand, in order to ensure the presence of components necessary for water and oil repellency, the upper limit of the water content is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, and even more preferably 95% by mass or less.

[0113] For the same reason, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention (the total amount of components other than water contained in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention) is preferably low so that the aqueous dispersion has low viscosity and excellent fluidity. Therefore, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or less. On the other hand, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more from the viewpoint of ensuring the content of each component and ensuring film-forming properties. The solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may be 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, or even 15% by mass or more.

[0114] [Other ingredients] In addition to the above components, the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may contain other low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight emulsifiers, alcoholic compounds, and the like, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Specific examples of low molecular weight emulsifiers include nonionic low molecular weight emulsifiers such as fatty acid diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, and anionic low molecular weight emulsifiers such as α-sulfofatty acid ester salts, alkyl benzene sulfonate salts, alkyl sulfate salts, alkyl ether sulfate ester salts, and alkyl triethanolamine sulfate. Specific examples of polymeric emulsifiers include nonionic polymeric emulsifiers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, and polymer starch, and anionic polymeric emulsifiers such as styrene-maleate copolymer, formalin-bound naphthalene sulfonate, polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose metal salt, olefin-maleate copolymer, polystyrene sulfonate, acrylamide-acrylate copolymer, and alginate. Specific examples of alcohol-based compounds include higher alcohols such as cetanol and stearyl alcohol, (poly)ethylene glycol, (poly)propylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polycarbonate diol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, erythritol, sorbitol, and isosorbide. Among these, polyols such as (poly)ethylene glycol, (poly)propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polycarbonate diol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and isosorbide tend to have high dispersion stability and are therefore preferred.

[0115] The amount of these additives to be added is set appropriately for each additive, but is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 30 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), (C), and (D) used as needed. If the amount is small, the viscosity and particle size of the dispersion tend to be small.

[0116] In addition to the above components, the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may contain other additives such as antifoaming agents, preservatives, smoothing agents, antistatic agents, flame retardants, tackifiers, fillers, UV absorbers, colorants, antioxidants, functional dyes, inorganic particles, organic solvents, etc. The amount of these additives added is determined appropriately for each additive, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, of the aqueous dispersion.

[0117] [viscosity] The viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably low in terms of excellent workability when handling the aqueous dispersion. Therefore, the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 5,000 mPa·s or less, more preferably 3,500 mPa·s or less, even more preferably 2,000 mPa·s or less, particularly preferably 1,000 mPa·s or less, and most preferably 500 mPa·s or less. From the viewpoint of improving coatability, the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is usually 0.1 mPa·s or more, preferably 0.5 mPa·s or more, and even more preferably 1 mPa·s or more. The viscosity in the present invention is a value measured using a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 25° C. and a shear rate of 60 rpm (unit: mPa·s).

[0118] [Average particle size of emulsion] The average particle size of the emulsion in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably small from the viewpoint of workability when handling the aqueous dispersion, and therefore the average particle size of the emulsion in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably smaller than 100 μm, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less. The average particle size in the present invention is a value measured (unit: μm) under a temperature condition of 25° C. using a laser diffraction device (laser diffraction scattering method).

[0119] [Method of producing aqueous dispersion] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention can be produced in accordance with a known method for producing an aqueous dispersion or emulsion. For example, the ingredients may be mixed in the following order: i) A method in which a nonionic surfactant (B) and a wax (C) are dispersed in water, and then a binder resin containing an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) is blended therewith. ii) A method in which a nonionic surfactant (B), a wax (C), and a binder resin containing an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) are mixed in advance and then mixed with water. iii) A method in which a binder resin containing an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) is dispersed in water, and then a nonionic surfactant (B) and a wax (C) are blended therein. Of these, method i) is preferred in terms of workability and productivity.

[0120] The conditions for mixing the components are preferably as follows.

[0121] The mixing time in each step is preferably long in order to easily obtain a liquid in which each component is sufficiently dispersed, and is preferably short in order to improve productivity of the aqueous dispersion. Therefore, the mixing time is usually 10 minutes to 24 hours, and preferably 20 minutes to 6 hours.

[0122] The mixing temperature in each step is preferably a temperature at which water is unlikely to solidify or evaporate, and is usually 0 to 100°C, preferably 40 to 90°C. When the temperature is raised above room temperature, cooling can be performed using a method commonly used for cooling, such as rapid cooling by contact with a refrigerant or natural cooling by contact with an air environment. These methods are selected taking into consideration the production volume and industrial feasibility of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared.

[0123] The pressure in each step may be normal pressure, or may be increased or reduced pressure, and these methods are selected depending on the properties of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared (concentration, viscosity, particle size, production amount, etc.) and the dispersion technique described below.

[0124] The method for dispersing each component in water can be any method that applies various shear forces commonly used in preparing dispersions, such as stirring, shaking, ultrasonic waves, mechanical extrusion, etc. These methods are selected depending on the properties (concentration, viscosity, particle size, production volume, etc.) of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared.

[0125] [Application] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is useful for various applications, such as an additive for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., as well as an antifogging agent, an antistatic agent, a compatibilizer, a paint, a coating agent, an agent for imparting water and oil resistance to paper, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a dispersant for various organic and inorganic particles, and an additive for thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.

[0126] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is suitable as a coating agent for various substrates. In particular, it is suitable as a coating agent for textile products such as fibers (filaments), yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, clothing, bedding, floor coverings, interior decorations, automobile seats, mats, medical gowns, masks, etc. The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is also suitable as an oil-repellent and water-repellent coating agent or a heat-sealable coating agent for various substrates. The substrate to be coated with the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably a paper substrate, a plastic substrate, a fiber substrate, or a wood substrate, and is preferably a textile product, a paper substrate, or a plastic substrate, and is particularly suitable as a coating agent for textile products such as fibers (filaments), yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, clothing, bedding, floor coverings, interior decorations, automobile seats, mats, etc., medical gowns, masks, etc.

[0127] 〔film〕 The aqueous dispersion of the present invention can be used to form a film (coating film) on a substrate by volatilizing and drying components such as water from the aqueous dispersion. That is, by using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a film of the present invention containing an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a nonionic surfactant (B) containing a polyol fatty acid ester, and a wax (C), in which the content of the polyol fatty acid ester is 8 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and the content of the wax (C) is 20 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the nonionic surfactant (B).

[0128] Furthermore, by using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a film containing the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) containing the polyol fatty acid ester, and the wax (C) in the above-mentioned proportions, and the film contains a phase (X) having irregularities therein.

[0129] The phase (X) having the above-mentioned irregularities in the film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "irregular phase") is a phase obtained by the nonionic surfactant (B) forming crystals in the film. When the coating film of the present invention having the irregular phase (X) is observed with a laser microscope, convex surfaces are confirmed. By including such an uneven phase (X) in the film, it becomes possible to obtain a coating film with excellent water repellency and oil repellency.

[0130] By using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a film containing the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) containing the polyol fatty acid ester, and the wax (C) in the above-mentioned proportions, and the surface roughness Ra of the film surface measured by scanning probe microscopy is 1 to 250 nm. When the surface roughness Ra of the film of the present invention is 1 nm or more, excellent water repellency and oil repellency can be expected due to the lotus effect. On the other hand, when the surface roughness Ra is 250 nm or less, the effects of the present invention are easily exhibited. From these viewpoints, the surface roughness Ra of the film of the present invention is more preferably 2 to 200 nm, and even more preferably 3 to 180 nm.

[0131] Here, the components and composition of the film of the present invention are the same as the components other than water and their composition of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention described above.

[0132] The coating amount of the film of the present invention is preferably large in terms of easily and reliably covering the substrate, having high film strength, and being less likely to chip due to friction, etc. On the other hand, it is preferably small in terms of reducing the raw material cost of the film and making it less likely to peel off from the substrate when force is applied. Therefore, the coating amount of the film of the present invention is 0.1 to 100 g / m as the solid content after removing volatile components such as water. 2 It is preferable that the density is 0.5 to 50 g / m 2 More preferably, it is 1 to 30 g / m 2 It is particularly preferred that:

[0133] The film of the present invention has excellent water and oil repellency. That is, the film of the present invention is suitable as a water- and oil-repellent coating film. Furthermore, since the film of the present invention has excellent water and oil repellency, it is preferably used for packaging material applications, and since it is also excellent in safety, it is more preferably used for food packaging material applications. That is, a textile product having the film (coating film) of the present invention can be obtained.

[0134] [Laminate] As described above, the film of the present invention can be obtained by using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. Then, a laminate can be obtained by laminating the film of the present invention on a substrate. That is, a laminate can be obtained having a coating film (coating film) formed on the surface of the substrate using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. Here, the substrate is preferably paper, plastic, fiber, or the like. That is, a laminate can be obtained having at least one of a paper, plastic, and fiber substrate and the film of the present invention.

[0135] Examples of the fibers include natural fibers such as cotton, silk, linen, wool, and cashmere; regenerated fibers such as rayon; and synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, and polyurethane fibers.

[0136] Examples of the paper substrate include fine paper, medium-quality paper, coated paper, foil paper, glassine paper, paraffin paper, and parchment paper. Examples of the plastic substrate include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, aramid, polyimide, polyamide, cellophane, and triacetyl cellulose. [Example]

[0137] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as it does not depart from the gist of the invention. In the following, "parts" means parts by mass.

[0138] [Evaluation method] The aqueous dispersions prepared in the examples and comparative examples were evaluated as follows.

[0139] <Aqueous dispersion viscosity> The viscosity of the aqueous dispersion was measured one day after preparation and evaluated according to the following criteria: Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 25°C and a shear rate of 60 rpm (unit: mPa s). (Evaluation criteria) 〇...1000mPa·s or less △ Higher than 1000 mPa·s and lower than 5000 mPa·s ×...5000mPa·s or more

[0140] <Average particle diameter of water dispersion> The average particle size of the emulsion of the prepared aqueous dispersion was measured at 25°C one day after preparation using a laser diffraction device ("Partica LA-950V2" manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). (Evaluation criteria) 〇...10μm or less △···More than 10 μm and less than 30 μm ×...30μm or more

[0141] <Coating film surface roughness Ra> The surface roughness Ra of the polyester fabric coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion was measured by scanning probe microscopy, and a roughness within the range of 1 to 250 nm was evaluated as "good."

[0142] <Presence or absence of uneven phase (X) in coating film> The polyester fabric coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion was visually inspected with a laser microscope to see whether it had an uneven phase (X), and was evaluated according to the following criteria. (Evaluation criteria) Yes...There is an uneven phase (X) in the coating film, which makes it water- and oil-repellent No: There is no uneven phase (X) in the coating film, resulting in poor water and oil repellency

[0143] <Evaluation of water and oil repellency> The water repellency and oil repellency were evaluated as follows.

[0144] (Preparation of coated fabric) A polyester fabric (polyester taffeta fabric (length x width: 75d x 36f, lengthwise density: 120 threads / inch, widthwise density: 90 threads / inch)) was prepared. The polyester fabric was washed in a 0.1% by mass solution of sodium dodecanesulfonate in a water bath at 80°C for 10 minutes and then dried at 120°C for 10 minutes. The polyester fabric was then immersed in the aqueous dispersion of each example so that the amount of adhered composition (components other than water in the aqueous dispersion) after drying would be 2 to 15% by mass relative to the polyester fabric, and laminator was run once in a laminator (0.2 MPa pressure). The fabric was then dried by heating at 140°C for 2 minutes to obtain a coated fabric. The resulting coated fabric was subjected to water-repellency and oil-repellency tests using the following methods, and the water-repellency and oil-repellency were evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0145] (Water repellency test) The test was conducted in accordance with AATCC test method 118-20102 and the "Rug (Pile) Water-, Oil-, and Stain-Resistant Quality Standards and Test Methods." The test solution used was a thorough mixture of purified water and isopropyl alcohol (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) in an 80:20 volume ratio. Using a solid-liquid interface analyzer, the DropMaster 500 (Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), the coated fabric was held in place so that the tip of the syringe was 0.5 cm from the surface, and a 10 μL droplet with a diameter of approximately 5 mm was dropped onto the fabric. After one minute, the shape of the droplet on the fabric was visually observed, and the water repellency was evaluated using the following criteria. The following evaluation criteria based on visual observation are based on the droplet shape described in "AATCC test method 118-20102."

[0146] (Evaluation criteria) A: Clear, rounded drops B: Rounded drop with partial darkening C: Wicking appearance (water absorption) / complete wetting D: Completely wet

[0147] The number of measurements was n=6. If the evaluation results differed depending on the number of measurements, the evaluation with the majority was recorded. For example, for n=6 measurements, if the AB evaluation was n=4 and the A evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be A-B+ and the evaluation score would be 9 points. A + (plus) indicates a better result than the AB evaluation. Similarly, for n=6 measurements, if the AB evaluation was n=4 and the B evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be AB- and the evaluation score would be 7 points. A - (minus) indicates a worse evaluation result than the AB evaluation. For B+ and B-, for n=6 measurements, if the B evaluation was n=4 and the A evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be B+ and the evaluation score would be 6 points. A + (plus) indicates a better result than the B evaluation. Similarly, for n=6 measurements, if the B evaluation was n=4 and the C evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be B- and the evaluation score would be 4 points. A - (minus) indicates a worse evaluation result than the B evaluation. Even if the same AB or B rating is given, different ranks are present within it, and the rating points are used to confirm superiority. The rating results are written as scores based on the shape. The rating points are as follows. The pass standard is a B rating of 5 points or more. A 10 points A-B+ 9 points AB 8 points AB- 7 points B+ 6 points B 5 points B- 4 points B-C+ 3 points BC 2 points BC- 1 point C or below 0 points

[0148] (Oil repellency test) The test was conducted in accordance with AATCC test method 118-20102 and the "Rug (Pile) Water-, Oil-, and Stain-Resistant Quality Standards and Test Methods." The test liquid used was Mineral oil, Nujol (a product of Fujifilm Wako Co., Ltd.). Using a solid-liquid interface analyzer, DropMaster 500 (a product of Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), the coated fabric was fixed so that the tip of the syringe was 0.5 cm from the surface of the fabric, and a droplet of approximately 10 μL, approximately 5 mm in diameter, was dropped onto the fabric. After 30 seconds, the shape of the droplet on the fabric was visually observed, and the oil repellency was evaluated using the following criteria. The following evaluation criteria based on visual observation are based on the droplet shape described in "AATCC test method 118-20102."

[0149] (Evaluation criteria) A: Clear, rounded drops B: Rounded drop with partial darkening C: Wicking appearance (water absorption) / complete wetting D: Completely wet

[0150] The number of measurements was n=6. If the evaluation results differed depending on the number of measurements, the evaluation with the majority was recorded. For example, for n=6 measurements, if the AB evaluation was n=4 and the A evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be A-B+ and the evaluation score would be 9 points. A + (plus) indicates a better result than the AB evaluation. Similarly, for n=7 measurements, if the AB evaluation was n=4 and the B evaluation was n=3, the recorded evaluation would be AB- and the evaluation score would be 7 points. A - (minus) indicates a worse evaluation result than the AB evaluation. For B+ and B-, for n=6 measurements, if the B evaluation was n=4 and the A evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be B+ and the evaluation score would be 6 points. A + (plus) indicates a better result than the B evaluation. Similarly, for n=6 measurements, if the B evaluation was n=4 and the C evaluation was n=2, the recorded evaluation would be B- and the evaluation score would be 4 points. A - (minus) indicates a worse evaluation result than the B evaluation. Even if the same AB or B rating is given, there are different ranks within it, and the rating points are used to confirm the superiority. The rating results are written as scores based on the shape. The rating points are as follows, and the passing standard is a B rating of 5 points or more.

[0151] A 10 points A-B+ 9 points AB 8 points AB- 7 points B+ 6 points B 5 points B- 4 points B-C+ 3 points BC 2 points BC- 1 point C or below 0 points

[0152] [raw materials] In the examples and comparative examples, the materials of the components used in preparing the aqueous dispersions are as follows. <Acrylic-styrene copolymer (A)> (A-1): Acrylic emulsion (product name: mowiny (registered trademark) l6960, product of Japan Coating Resin Co., Ltd.) (solid content: 44.4% by mass) (A-2): Styrene-acrylic emulsion (trade name: FILLHARMO (registered trademark) GS500, manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 45.5% by mass) <(Meth)acrylic resin (a): component (a)> (a-1): Acrylic emulsion (product name: FILLHARMO (registered trademark) NS215, manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 41% by mass)

[0153] <Nonionic surfactant (B)> (B-1): Stearic acid-based sucrose fatty acid ester (trade name: RYOTO (registered trademark) Sugar Ester S-470P, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, HLB value: 4)

[0154] <Wax (C)> (C-1): Rice bran wax (product name: NatureFine R331, manufactured by MP Gokyo Food & Chemical Co., Ltd., melting point 77-82°C)

[0155] <Anionic surfactant (D)> (D-1): Sodium stearate (trade name: Sodium Stearate, manufactured by Nitto Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)

[0156] [Examples 1 to 2, Comparative Examples 1 to 3] Of the components shown in Table 1, all except component (A) or component (a) were mixed in the amounts (parts) shown in Table 1, heated to 90°C, and stirred for 60 minutes. The mixture was then quickly cooled to 25°C in an ice bath to obtain an aqueous dispersion. The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with component (A) or component (a) shown in Table 1 in the amounts (parts) shown in Table 1 at room temperature (23°C) to obtain the desired aqueous dispersion. The evaluation results of the resulting aqueous dispersion are shown in Table 1. The amounts of the aqueous dispersions added in Table 1, including the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A) and the (meth)acrylic resin (a), are all expressed as the amount (parts) added as solids.

[0157] [Table 1]

[0158] As is clear from Table 1, the water and oil repellency were good in Examples 1 and 2, which were aqueous dispersions of the present invention. The water and oil repellency were poor in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The oil repellency was poor in Comparative Example 3. [Industrial Applicability]

[0159] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is particularly excellent in water repellency and oil repellency to fibrous materials. Examples of textile materials to which the aqueous dispersion of the present invention can be applied include, but are not limited to, various textile materials such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, laminates, felts, filaments, tow, staples, and slivers. The textile products are also not limited to, and include clothing, fabrics (cloth products used indoors) such as curtains, rugs, cushion covers, bed covers, and other carpets, as well as medical products such as medical gowns and masks, and automotive products such as car seats and mats. Examples of suitable materials include cotton, linen, wool, silk, rayon, acetate, nylon, polyester, acrylic, vinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and spandex. The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is highly effective as a coating agent for imparting water and oil repellency to these organic textile materials and is therefore extremely important industrially.

Claims

1. An aqueous dispersion comprising an acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax (C), the nonionic surfactant (B) contains a polyol fatty acid ester, the content of the polyol fatty acid ester is 8 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the acrylic-styrene copolymer (A), and the content of the wax (C) is 7 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polyol fatty acid ester content in the nonionic surfactant (B).

2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol fatty acid ester comprises at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester.

3. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , further comprising an anionic surfactant (D).

4. 2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, which has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or less as measured at 25° C. and a shear rate of 100 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.

5. 2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion has an average particle size of less than 100 μm as measured at 25° C. using a laser diffraction device.

6. A coating agent for textile products, comprising the aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The coating agent according to claim 6, wherein the textile product is a fiber, a yarn, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a garment, bedding, a floor covering, or an upholstery item.

8. A film obtained by drying the aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. 9. The film according to claim 8, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the film surface measured by a scanning probe microscope is 1 to 250 nm.

10. A textile product comprising the membrane of claim 8.

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