Construction method and masonry structure panel

Abstract

To provide a construction method capable of manufacturing and installing a masonry material wall with high workability.SOLUTION: This construction method comprises a step of moving a masonry structure panel which has a plurality of masonry materials arranged in a frame body and a reinforcement coating layer formed on the wall surface of a masonry structure wall composed of the masonry materials to a prescribed position in a building.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to building methods and masonry panels. [Background technology]

[0002] BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a construction method has been known in which a masonry wall made of a plurality of stacked concrete blocks is provided in a space surrounded by a floor, beams, and a pair of left and right columns (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-220060 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Conventional construction methods require masonry walls to be formed at the location where the masonry wall will be installed. However, conventional construction methods leave room for improvement in the ease of fabricating masonry walls.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and has as its object to provide a construction method and a masonry panel that enable the manufacture and installation of masonry walls to be carried out with good workability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A construction method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a step of moving a masonry panel having a plurality of masonry members arranged inside a frame, the masonry panel having a reinforcing coating layer formed on the wall surface of a masonry wall made up of the plurality of masonry members, to a predetermined position within a building.

[0007] A construction method according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include the steps of: placing the plurality of masonry members inside the frame body; and fixing a masonry wall made up of the plurality of masonry members to the frame body to manufacture the masonry panel; and forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall.

[0008] In the step of forming the reinforcing coating layer, the reinforcing coating layer may be formed in an area extending from a wall surface of the masonry wall to the frame.

[0009] The step of moving the masonry panel may include the steps of placing a holding device on a portion of the frame to hold the frame, and lifting the holding device with a wire or device.

[0010] The holding device is a clamp, and the clamp has a pair of abutment members that clamp the frame body from both sides, and a link mechanism connected to the pair of abutment members, which is configured so that the pair of abutment members move closer to each other when the link mechanism is pulled up by the wire or the equipment and an upward force is applied to a part of the link mechanism, and the step of pulling up the holding device by the wire or the equipment may include pulling up the part of the link mechanism and lifting the masonry panel with the frame body sandwiched between the pair of abutment members.

[0011] The frame body may have a protrusion that is pre-formed on the frame body and protrudes in the thickness direction of the frame body, or a protrusion that is formed by attaching a separate member to the frame body and protrudes in the thickness direction of the frame body, and the step of placing the holding device on a part of the frame body may include engaging the protrusion with an opening or recess formed in the abutment member.

[0012] The protrusion may be formed by a member removably inserted into a hole formed in the frame.

[0013] The step of moving the masonry panel may include moving the masonry panel with a protective plate disposed on one or both sides of the masonry panel.

[0014] The step of moving the masonry panel may include moving the masonry panel with the protective plate placed on the masonry panel before a drying time for the paint of the reinforcing coating layer applied to the masonry wall has elapsed.

[0015] The step of moving the masonry panel may include moving the masonry panel while a portion of the protective plate is held down by the holding device.

[0016] The step of forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall may include forming the reinforcing coating layer so that the reinforcing coating layer adheres to the protrusions or recesses of the filling material filled between adjacent masonry pieces to form protrusions that protrude beyond the wall surfaces of the masonry pieces or to form recesses that are recessed beyond the wall surfaces.

[0017] The method may further include a step of installing the masonry panel at a predetermined installation position of the building, and the step of installing the masonry panel may include fixing a locking member provided on the upper part of the frame to a part of the structure of the building.

[0018] A masonry panel according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a frame body, a masonry wall composed of a plurality of masonry members arranged inside the frame body and fixed to the frame body, and a reinforcing coating layer formed on the wall surface of the masonry wall.

[0019] The frame may have a protrusion on the top thereof that protrudes in the thickness direction of the frame and engages with a part of a holding device that holds the frame.

[0020] A construction method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: arranging a plurality of masonry members and fabricating a masonry wall made up of the plurality of masonry members; forming a reinforcing coating layer on a wall surface of the masonry wall; and moving the masonry wall to a predetermined position within a building.

[0021] One form of the construction method of the present invention includes the steps of placing a plurality of masonry members inside a frame body and fixing a masonry wall composed of the plurality of masonry members to the frame body to manufacture a masonry panel, and placing the masonry panel on a floor structure, wherein the masonry panel is placed so that a support member protruding upward from the floor structure is inserted into a portion of the masonry panel.

[0022] The step of arranging the masonry panels on the floor structure includes arranging a first masonry panel to extend in a first direction and arranging a second masonry panel to extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and one form of the construction method of the present invention may further include a step of fixing the first masonry panel and the second masonry panel to a support installed on the floor structure at a position where the first masonry panel and the second masonry panel are adjacent to each other.

[0023] The step of securing the first and second masonry panels to a support may include forming a reinforcing coating layer on an area extending from the first masonry panel to a portion of the support and on an area extending from the second masonry panel to another portion of the support. [Effects of the Invention]

[0024] The present invention has the effect of providing a construction method and a masonry panel that enable the manufacture and installation of masonry walls to be carried out with good workability. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a masonry panel manufactured by the construction method of the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a front view of the masonry panel of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between a masonry wall and a frame body. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a reinforcing coating layer. [Figure 5] 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a construction method of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a masonry panel and a holding device used in a construction method according to a second embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows the holding device in an open state. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 shows the holding device in a closed state. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a first modified example. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a construction method of a second modified example. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a construction method of a third modified example. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a modified example of the holding device. [Figure 13] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating other configuration examples of the frame body. [Figure 14] 14 is a diagram showing an example of use of the holding device of FIG. 12 and the frame of FIG. 13. FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of manufacturing a masonry panel, showing a state in which reinforcing bars are provided in the frame body. [Figure 16] This shows the state in which masonry materials have been placed on the framework in the state shown in Figure 15. [Figure 17] The upper frame of the frame is shown in place. [Figure 18] 1 shows the state where a reinforcing coating layer is provided. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a building structure. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a building structure. [Figure 21] FIG. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state in which the support is attached to the floor structure. [Figure 23] 23 shows the structure in the state of FIG. 22 with masonry panels attached. [Figure 24] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing yet another example of a building structure. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 shows a floor structure and supports. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] First Embodiment Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a masonry panel used in a construction method according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a masonry panel manufactured by a construction method according to a first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a view of the masonry panel of Fig. 1 as seen from the front side. In Fig. 1, the reinforcing coating layer is depicted with a portion cut away. In Fig. 2, the masonry panel is depicted with the reinforcing coating layer omitted to make the configuration easier to understand. The up-down direction in the drawing corresponds to the vertical direction.

[0027] As shown in Fig. 1, the masonry panel S100 of this embodiment includes a masonry wall 10, a frame 20, and a reinforcing coating layer 30. The masonry panel S100 is used as an interior or exterior wall of a building.

[0028] (Masonry wall) The masonry wall 10 has a plurality of masonry members 11 arranged horizontally and vertically. The masonry members 11 are bricks or blocks for construction, and are, for example, rectangular parallelepipeds. The density of the masonry members 11 is, for example, 1.5 g / cm 3That's all. The masonry blocks 11 are not lightweight blocks such as urethane foam blocks, but are relatively heavy blocks. The masonry blocks 11 are fixed to each other with a filler such as mortar to form a single masonry wall 10. Naturally, the masonry blocks 11 are also fixed to each other with reinforcing members such as steel bars, plaster applied to the surface, and / or joint mortar.

[0029] In the present invention, the density is 0.3 g / cm 3 The above masonry materials may be used. The masonry material 11 may be wood, AAC foam concrete, or the like.

[0030] The masonry wall 10 is placed inside the frame 20. The masonry wall 10 is fixed to the frame 20. This forms an integrated wall of the masonry wall 10 and the frame 20. To fix the masonry wall 10 to the frame 20, mortar filled between the masonry wall 10 and the frame 20 may be used, or a connector that mechanically connects the masonry wall 10 and the frame 20 may be used. In FIG. 2, the inner periphery of the frame 20 is depicted as a flat surface, but a recessed groove may be formed in the inner periphery of the frame 20, and the outer periphery of the masonry wall 10 may fit into the groove.

[0031] The amount of reinforcing members (e.g., reinforcing bars) in the masonry panel S100 is, for example, 3 The amount of filler in the masonry panel S100 is, for example, more than 0 kg and 50 kg or less per 1 m of the volume of the masonry wall 10. 3 By adjusting the amount of the reinforcing member and / or the filler to fall within this range, it is possible to improve the strength of the wall while reducing the weight of the wall.

[0032] (Frame) The frame 20 is a rectangular member that surrounds the masonry wall 10. The frame 20 has an upper frame 21, a lower frame 22, and a pair of side frames 23. The upper frame 21 and the lower frame 22 extend horizontally. The side frame 23 extends vertically. These frames may be connected to each other with fasteners such as screws, or may be fixed to each other by welding or the like. The frame 20 may be made of any material, such as PC (precast concrete), metal, or wood.

[0033] The frame 20 may also be formed by stacking a plurality of masonry materials and bonding the masonry materials on the four outermost sides with high-strength resin to form a frame.

[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the masonry wall 10 and the framework 20. The thickness d2 of the framework 20 is longer than the thickness d1 of the masonry wall 10 (including the thickness of the reinforcing coating layer and / or plaster, which are not shown in FIG. 3, and also including the thickness of the mortar, if mortar is applied to the wall surface). When the thickness d2 of the framework 20 is longer than the thickness d1 of the masonry wall 10 and the masonry wall 10 is placed inside the framework 20 as shown in FIG. 3, the following advantages are obtained. In the configuration of FIG. 3, the masonry wall 10 is placed inside the framework 20 so that the front surface of the masonry wall 10 is located inside the front surface of the framework 20 and the rear surface of the masonry wall 10 is located inside the rear surface of the framework 20. With this configuration, the masonry wall 10 is placed inside the framework 20, and the front surface of the masonry wall 10 does not protrude outward beyond the front surface of the framework 20, and the rear surface of the masonry wall 10 does not protrude outward beyond the rear surface of the framework 20. This has the effect of making the masonry wall 10 less susceptible to damage during work or transportation. Note that the configuration in Figure 3 is merely one example of the present invention, and it is also preferable in one embodiment that the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 and the surface of the framework 20 are flush with each other.

[0035] (reinforcing coating layer) The reinforcing coating layer 30 is a coating layer provided on the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 to reinforce the masonry wall 10. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed on both sides of the masonry wall 10 or on one side. In this embodiment, the reinforcing coating layer 30 is formed on one side. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed on only a part of the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 or on the entire surface.

[0036] The paint forming the reinforcing coating layer 30 is applied to the masonry wall 10 and dried, thereby forming the reinforcing coating layer 30 of a predetermined thickness on the masonry wall 10. The reinforcing coating layer 30 is formed so as to adhere closely to the wall surface, thereby increasing at least one of the rigidity, strength, and deformability of the masonry wall 10. The reinforcing coating layer 30 is, for example, a layer of fiber-reinforced resin. Specifically, the reinforcing coating layer 30 contains one or more types of fiber materials. The reinforcing coating layer 30 has fluidity before hardening, and is applied to the masonry wall 10 using, for example, a roller, trowel, brush, or spray. The paint may be hardened by a hardener, by drying, or by a combination of drying and a hardener.

[0037] (Specific Examples of Reinforcing Coating Layer 30) Specifically, the material of the reinforcing coating layer 30 may be as follows: The reinforcing coating layer 30 is a slurry-like paint in which glass fibers are mixed into the paint. The paint may be a so-called elastic paint, in which the coated surface is a single layer of rubber. The paint is preferably, for example, an acrylic paint containing a cross-linked acrylic emulsion as its main component. The diameter of the glass fibers is, for example, 1 μm to 20 μm (1 μm or more and 20 μm or less). The length of the glass fibers is, for example, in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm. By mixing the glass fibers into the acrylic paint, a slurry in which the glass fibers are suspended in the paint can be obtained. The weight ratio of the glass fibers to the weight of the paint is, for example, 1% to 40%.

[0038] In the process of applying the reinforcing coating layer 30, a primer material may be applied to the masonry wall 10, for example. A paint containing glass fibers suspended in the paint is applied after the primer has dried. The cross-linked acrylic emulsion paint forms a single layer that adheres firmly to the wall 10 regardless of the surface morphology. This layer has excellent waterproofing properties. Note that a urethane-based paint may be used instead of an acrylic paint.

[0039] The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed by stacking multiple layers with different properties. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed on a layer of mortar or the like formed on the surface of the masonry material 11, rather than being formed directly on the surface of the masonry material 11.

[0040] It is preferable that a portion (preferably a majority by mass) or all of the resin contained in the fiber-reinforced resin that can constitute the reinforcing coating layer 30 is an elastic resin, and acrylic resin, silicone resin, acrylic silicone resin, urethane resin, or natural resin (latex paint) is preferred.

[0041] The content of the resin relative to the total mass of the reinforcing coating layer 30 is preferably 30 to 99 mass %, more preferably 40 to 96 mass %, and even more preferably 55 to 93 mass %.

[0042] The fiber material contained in the fiber-reinforced resin that can constitute the reinforcing coating layer 30 may be inorganic fiber (such as the above-mentioned glass fiber, carbon fiber, or boron fiber) or organic fiber (such as aramid fiber or plant fiber), with inorganic fiber being preferred. Part (preferably the majority by mass) or all of the fiber material is preferably inorganic fiber, with glass fiber being more preferred. The fiber material may be surface-treated to adjust adhesion with the resin.

[0043] The content of the fiber material relative to the total mass of the reinforcing coating layer 30 is preferably 0.3 to 6 mass %.

[0044] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of the reinforcing coating layer. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed only on the wall surface of the masonry wall 10, or may be formed in a region extending from the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 to the frame body 20. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed over the wall surface of the masonry wall 10, the upper frame 21, and the side frame 23. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed so as to contact the entire periphery of the wall surface of the frame body 20. In this way, the reinforcing coating layer 30 contacting the masonry wall 10 and the frame body 20 makes it difficult for the masonry wall 10 to come off the frame body 20. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed over the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 and a portion of the frame body 20 (e.g., the upper frame 21).

[0045] (Architectural method) 5 is a flow chart showing an example of the construction method of the present invention. The steps in which a worker installs the above-mentioned masonry panel S100 inside a building will be described below.

[0046] First, in step S1, a worker manufactures a masonry panel S100. This step is for preparing the masonry panel S100. The worker sequentially places a plurality of masonry materials 11 inside the framework 20. The worker fills the spaces between the masonry materials 11 with, for example, mortar. Reinforcement bars may be placed vertically or horizontally. The worker also fixes the masonry materials 11 located on the periphery of the masonry wall 10 to the framework 20. Mortar may be used to fix the masonry materials 11 to the framework 20, as described above, or a material other than mortar may be used. Through these steps, a masonry panel S100 is manufactured in which the masonry wall 10 is fixed to the framework 20.

[0047] Step S1 may be performed in or near the building where the masonry panel S100 will be installed, or may be performed at a location separate from the building, such as a factory.

[0048] Next, in step S2, the worker forms a reinforcing coating layer 30 on the wall surface of the masonry wall 10. Specifically, the worker applies paint to the wall surface of the masonry wall 10, for example, with a roller, a trowel, or a spray. A plurality of masonry panels S100 without the reinforcing coating layer 30 formed thereon may be prepared, and paint may be applied sequentially to the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 of each panel.

[0049] When manufacturing the masonry panel S100 as shown in Fig. 4, the worker may also form the reinforcing coating layer 30 in the region extending from the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 to the frame body 20 in step S2. This step may be performed, for example, by applying paint to the entire region of the reinforcing coating layer 30 in Fig. 4 (the region extending from the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 to the frame body 20), or by first applying paint to the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 and then applying paint to the region connecting the wall surface of the masonry wall 10 and the frame body 20.

[0050] Next, in step S3, the worker moves the masonry panel S100 on which the reinforcing coating layer 30 has been formed to a predetermined position within the building. The "predetermined position" may be an installation position within the building where the masonry panel S100 is to be installed, but in this embodiment, the "predetermined position" is, for example, a component storage area where the masonry panel S100 is temporarily placed while being transported to the installation position.

[0051] Any means for moving the masonry panel S100 may be used, but the worker may move the masonry panel S100 while holding the frame 20 of the masonry panel S100 with, for example, a wire or other predetermined device. By moving the masonry panel S100 while holding the frame 20 rather than the masonry wall 10, excessive force is not applied to the masonry wall 10, and the masonry panel S100 can be moved smoothly. Furthermore, this moving process allows the masonry panel S100 to be moved even when the mortar or reinforcing coating layer 30 is not sufficiently dry and the strength of the masonry wall 10 is insufficient for use as a building material. This improves work efficiency.

[0052] Next, in step S4, the worker installs the masonry panel S100 at a desired installation position. The installation of the masonry panel S100 is performed, for example, by fixing the frame 20 to beams or columns that are structural parts of the building.

[0053] (effect) Through the above series of steps, the masonry panel S100 is manufactured, and the manufactured masonry panel S100 is installed at a predetermined installation position within the building. In the construction method of this embodiment, unlike conventional construction methods in which multiple masonry materials 11 are directly installed at the desired installation position, the masonry panel S100 manufactured at a location other than the installation position is moved. Therefore, the masonry wall can be manufactured and installed with good workability.

[0054] In the masonry panel S100, a reinforcing coating layer 30 is provided on the wall surface of the masonry wall 10, and this reinforcing coating layer 30 improves the fixing strength between the masonry members 11. If such a reinforcing coating layer 30 were not provided and a structure in which, for example, a large number of reinforcing bars or the like were placed within the masonry wall 10 to improve the fixing strength between the masonry members 11 were used, the weight of the masonry panel S100 would increase. In contrast, the configuration of this embodiment, which uses the reinforcing coating layer 30, reduces the weight of the masonry panel S100. Therefore, an effect is obtained in which the masonry panel S100 is easier to handle. Note that this description of the effect does not exclude the use of reinforcing bars in the present invention.

[0055] Although the flowchart of FIG. 5 includes steps of manufacturing the masonry panel S100, forming the reinforcing coating layer 30, and installing the masonry panel S100, these steps are not essential to the construction method of the present invention.

[0056] Second Embodiment Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a masonry panel and a holding device used in the construction method of the second embodiment. Fig. 7 is a view showing the holding device in an open state. Fig. 8 is a view showing the holding device in a closed state. As described in the first embodiment, in the present invention, the masonry panel S100 is moved. The masonry panel S100 may be lifted and moved by a holding device 50 as shown in Fig. 6.

[0057] The frame 20 in Fig. 6 has a protrusion 25 in the center of the upper frame 21. The protrusion 25 is provided on the side of the upper frame 21. The protrusion 25 protrudes in the thickness direction of the frame 20. As an example, the protrusion 25 is a rod-shaped member. In the example of Fig. 6, the protrusion 25 is provided on each of the two side surfaces of the upper frame 21.

[0058] 6, a pair of protrusions 25 are provided at one location on the upper frame 21, but multiple protrusions 25 may be provided at multiple locations. The protrusions 25 may be provided at locations on the frame 20 other than the upper frame 21.

[0059] (holding device) The holding device 50 is a clamp that holds the frame 20 of the masonry panel S100. The holding device 50 has a pair of contact members 51 and a link mechanism 55.

[0060] 7, the pair of abutment members 51 are arranged facing each other so as to be able to sandwich the frame body 20 from both sides. Since each abutment member 51 has the same structure, only one of the abutment members 51 will be described below. In this embodiment, the abutment member 51 is formed in a U-shape and has an abutment portion 52 and a side portion 53.

[0061] The contact portion 52 is a portion that forms a contact surface that contacts the side surface of the frame body 20. The contact surface is, for example, a flat surface. The contact portion 52 is formed with a through hole 52h into which the protrusion 25 is inserted.

[0062] The side portion 53 is formed integrally with the abutment portion 52. As shown in FIG. 7, the side portion 53 is supported by a support pin P3 on a second link member 57 (details below). Specifically, the side portion 53 is supported rotatably around the support pin P3. The rotation range of the abutment member 51 is limited by an arc-shaped elongated hole 53h in the side portion 53 and a protrusion 57a provided on the second link member 57 and positioned within the elongated hole 53h. Specifically, the rotation range is limited to an orientation in which the abutment surface of the abutment portion 52 faces the side surface of the frame body 20.

[0063] As shown in Fig. 7, the elongated hole 53h may be formed so that the central angle a1 of the arc relative to the horizontal plane is, for example, 60° or less, and preferably, the central angle a1 is 45° or less. In this configuration, even if the abutting member 51 rotates around the support pin P3 due to its own weight, the surface of the abutting portion 52 does not face vertically upward or downward, but is inclined at, for example, 45° with respect to the horizontal plane. This has the advantage that the abutting members 51 can be easily attached when sandwiching the frame body 20 between the pair of abutting members 51 as in Fig. 8 from the state shown in Fig. 7.

[0064] The link mechanism 55 supports a pair of contact members 51. The link mechanism 55 is configured to be extendable and contractible as shown in Figures 7 and 8. When the link mechanism 55 is in the contracted state shown in Figure 7, the contact members 51 are separated from each other. When the link mechanism 55 is in the extended state shown in Figure 8, the contact members 51 are closer to each other.

[0065] Specifically, the link mechanism 55 has a first link member 56 and a second link member 57. A pair of each of the first link members 56 and the second link members 57 is provided.

[0066] The first link members 56 are plate-shaped members. The first link members 56 have a linear contour. The first link members 56 are rotatably connected to each other by a support pin P1. A wire S is fixed to the support pin P1.

[0067] The second link member 57 is also a plate-shaped member. The second link member 57 has a J-shaped outline. The second link member 57 is connected to the first link member 56 by a support pin P2. One second link member 57 and the other second link member 57 are rotatably connected to each other by a support pin P3. An abutment member 51 is attached to the end of the second link member 57.

[0068] The holding device 50 configured as above operates as follows: The operation of the holding device 50 will be described below together with the procedure for the worker to use the holding device 50.

[0069] First, the worker places the holding device 50 on a part of the frame body 20. Specifically, the worker attaches the holding device 50 to the upper frame 21 so that the protrusion 25 of the frame body 20 is inserted into the through-hole 52h.

[0070] Next, when the worker operates a device (not shown) for moving the wire S and pulls up the wire S, an upward force is applied to the support pin P1, and the link mechanism 55 is also pulled up. This causes the link mechanism 55 to deform, as shown in FIG. 8 , and the pair of abutting members 51 move closer to each other. In this manner, in the link mechanism 55 of this embodiment, when an upward force is applied to a portion of the link mechanism 55, the pair of abutting members 51 sandwich the frame body 20 from both sides. This configuration prevents the protrusions 25 from falling out of the through holes 52h, and also sandwiches the frame body 20 between the pair of abutting members 51. According to this process of lifting the panel with the frame body 20 sandwiched between the pair of abutting members 51, the masonry panel S100 can be moved smoothly without falling.

[0071] In particular, the holding device 50 in this example does not use a driving source such as a motor or hydraulic pressure to clamp the frame body 20 between a pair of abutment members 51, but has a structure in which the pair of abutment members 51 are moved by the force of lifting the masonry panel S100. Therefore, it can be realized with a simple configuration and does not require a driving source such as a motor.

[0072] In the above example, the holding device 50 is lifted up by a wire S, but instead of the wire S, for example, a part of a piece of equipment used at a construction site (for example, the arm portion of the equipment) may be connected to a part of the link mechanism 55, and the holding device 50 may be lifted up by that equipment.

[0073] 7 and 8 illustrate an example in which the protrusion 25 is inserted into the through hole 52h (in other words, the through hole (opening) is engaged with the protrusion 25), but the holding device may also have a configuration in which the protrusion 25 is inserted into a recess formed in the abutment member 51, for example, rather than the through hole 52h, and the protrusion 25 engages with the recess.

[0074] <Variation 1> Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a first modified example. The masonry panel S101 in Fig. 9(a) has a filler material 18 and a reinforcing coating layer 30. The filler material 18, which is, for example, mortar, is filled between adjacent masonry pieces 11.

[0075] The filler 18 is filled so as to form a protruding portion 18a that protrudes beyond the surface of the masonry material 11. The protruding length of the protruding portion 18a from the surface of the masonry material 11 is, for example, 5% or more of the thickness of the masonry material 11. As a specific example, when the thickness of the masonry material 11 is 150 mm, the protruding length of the protruding portion 18a is 7.5 mm or more. The protruding length of the protruding portion 18a is also, for example, 20% or less of the thickness of the masonry material 11. As a specific example, when the thickness of the masonry material 11 is 150 mm, the protruding length of the protruding portion 18a is 30 mm or less. Because the protruding length is not too short, the anchoring effect of the reinforcing coating layer 30 is easily obtained. Furthermore, because the protruding length is not too long, the workability of the process of placing the filler 18 is not likely to decrease.

[0076] The reinforcing coating layer 30 is formed so as to adhere closely to the protruding portion 18a. When the reinforcing coating layer 30 is formed so as to adhere closely to the protruding portion 18a in this way, the reinforcing coating layer 30 is less likely to peel off from the masonry wall 10 due to an anchor effect.

[0077] 9(b), the filler 18 may be filled to form a recess 18b that is recessed below the wall surface of the masonry wall 10. The reinforcing coating layer 30 may be formed to adhere closely to this recess 18b. In this configuration, too, a portion of the reinforcing coating layer 30 is formed to fit into the recess 18b, making the reinforcing coating layer 30 less likely to peel off from the masonry wall 10.

[0078] <Variation 2> Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a construction method according to a second modified example. In a construction method according to one embodiment of the present invention, in the step of moving the masonry panel S100, the masonry panel S100 may be moved with protective plates 70 placed on the wall surfaces of the masonry panel S100. In the example of Fig. 10, protective plates 70 are placed on both sides of the masonry panel S100.

[0079] The protective plate 70 is formed to a size that covers the wall surface of the masonry wall 10. The structure for fixing the protective plate 70 is not limited to a specific one. The protective plate 70 is fixed to the frame body 20, for example, by a fastener (e.g., a screw) not shown. The protective plate 70 has a recess 70a formed in the upper part, and the position of the protective plate 70 in the horizontal direction may be determined by fitting the protrusion 25 into this recess 70a. While FIG. 10 shows an example in which the position of one protective plate 70 is determined by one protrusion 25, the position of the protective plate 70 may be determined by multiple protrusions 25. Furthermore, the protective plate 70 may be fixed by fasteners at multiple positions.

[0080] 8, the pair of contact members 51 of the holding device 50 are configured to sandwich the frame body 20, and therefore the protective plate 70 may be formed in a shape that allows it to be sandwiched together with the frame body 20 by the pair of contact members 51. In this way, if the holding device 50 is configured to also serve as a member that presses the protective plate 70, it is possible to omit the member that presses the protective plate 70, or to reduce the number of members.

[0081] The masonry panel S100 may be moved before the drying time of the paint of the reinforcing coating layer 30 applied to the masonry wall 10 has elapsed, i.e., before the paint has dried and hardened. Even when the panel is moved in this manner, the provision of the protective plate 70 makes it less likely that a problem will occur, such as some component colliding with the masonry wall 10 during the movement and damaging the masonry wall 10.

[0082] <Variation 3> 11 is a diagram illustrating a construction method of the third modified example. The masonry panel S103 of one embodiment of the present invention may include a locking member 21a formed on a part of the frame 20. The locking member 21a is a protrusion that protrudes upward from the upper frame 21.

[0083] In the step of installing such a masonry panel S103 at a predetermined installation position of the building, the locking member 21a of the frame 20 may be fixed to a part of the structure of the building. Specifically, the locking member 21a may be fixed to a part of the beam or ceiling (if there is an upper floor, the ceiling may be the floor of the upper floor). With this configuration, the locking member 21a is fixed to a part of the structure of the building, so that the masonry panel is less likely to fall over even in the event of an earthquake, etc.

[0084] <Variation 4> Fig. 12 is a perspective view for explaining a modified example of the holding device. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the frame. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of using the holding device of Fig. 12 and the frame of Fig. 13. Fig. 12 shows only the abutment member 51 of the holding device, but the other configurations are the same as those of the holding device described above.

[0085] 12, the contact member 51 may be provided with a movement restricting member 54. The movement restricting member 54 is provided at a position away from the contact portion 52. The shape of the movement restricting member 54 is arbitrary, but in this example, it is plate-shaped. The movement restricting member 54 is a plate-shaped member that is arranged parallel to the contact portion 52.

[0086] As shown in Fig. 13, the frame body 20 may have a through-hole 21h at a position corresponding to the position where the protrusion 25 in Fig. 10 is provided. The through-hole 21h extends in the thickness direction of the upper frame 21. A member 27, which is a separate member from the frame body 20, is inserted into the through-hole 21h. The shape of the member 27 is arbitrary, but in this example, it is rod-shaped, for example. The member 27 is removably inserted into the through-hole 21h.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 14, when the member 27 is inserted into the through-hole 21h of the upper frame 21, the protruding portions from both sides of the upper frame 21 function as protrusions (see protrusions 25 in FIG. 10). Then, abutment members 51 of the holding device are attached to the upper frame 21 on which the member 27 is placed. In the configuration shown in FIG. 13, if there is nothing to restrict the movement of the member 27, the member 27 may fall out. However, the abutment members 51 are provided with movement restriction members 54, and in the holding state shown in FIG. 14, the horizontal movement of the member 27 is restricted by the action of the movement restriction members 54. This prevents the member 27 from accidentally falling out while the frame body 20 is being lifted. Furthermore, in the configurations shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the member 27 can be removed after the masonry panel has been moved, eliminating the need to form protrusions on the frame body 20 in advance and reducing the bulk of the frame body 20.

[0088] <Variation 5> The holding device is provided with a pair of abutment members 51, but it is conceivable that the pair of abutment members 51 may open due to an unexpected factor, for example, while the holding device 50 is being pulled up. To prevent this from happening, a connecting member such as a hook may be provided to connect the opposing abutment members 51 to each other.

[0089] <An example of masonry panel manufacturing> The masonry panel may be manufactured by the following process. Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of manufacturing a masonry panel, showing a state in which reinforcing bars are provided to the frame. Fig. 16 shows a state in which masonry materials are placed on the frame in the state of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 shows a state in which an upper frame of the frame is placed. Fig. 18 shows a state in which a reinforcing coating layer is provided.

[0090] FIG. 15 shows, as an example, a frame 120' without an upper frame. The frame 120' may be a concrete member formed at the construction site, or may be precast concrete. In such a frame 120', workers first place reinforcing bars 141. The reinforcing bars 141 are rod-shaped reinforcing members. The reinforcing bars 141 are longer than the length of the inner height of the frame 120 (FIG. 17). In this example, the lower end of the reinforcing bars 141 is fixed to the lower frame of the frame. The reinforcing bars 141 extend vertically.

[0091] Next, as shown in FIG. 16, the worker places the masonry materials 11 inside the framework 120'. For example, the worker fills the spaces between adjacent masonry materials 11 with mortar. Note that filling with mortar is not essential, and multiple masonry materials 11 may be placed without filling with mortar. At least one reinforcing bar 141 is passed through the multiple masonry materials 11 stacked vertically.

[0092] Next, the worker attaches the upper frame 121 to the frame body 120' as shown in Fig. 17. In this example, the upper frame 121 is placed on top of the left and right side frames 123. This forms a single closed frame body 120.

[0093] The upper frame 121 may have a plurality of holes formed therein into which a plurality of reinforcing bars 141 are inserted. When the upper frame 121 is arranged as shown in Fig. 17, a configuration in which the upper ends of the plurality of reinforcing bars 141 enter the holes in the upper frame 121 has the advantage that the plurality of reinforcing bars 141 are stably fixed, improving the strength and rigidity of the masonry panel.

[0094] Next, the worker forms a reinforcing coating layer 130 on one or both sides of the masonry wall made up of a plurality of masonry members, as shown in Fig. 18. In one embodiment, the reinforcing coating layer 130 is preferably formed so as to be in contact with both the masonry wall and the frame 120 (i.e., the reinforcing coating layer 130 is formed in the region extending from the masonry wall to the frame 120). The material of the reinforcing coating layer 130 is the same as that in the above-described embodiment.

[0095] Although an example in which reinforcing bars 141 are placed has been described above, multiple masonry materials 11 may be piled up inside the framework without using reinforcing bars 141. In this case, mortar may be filled between the masonry materials 11 and / or between the masonry materials 11 and the framework 120. However, such mortar does not necessarily have to be used.

[0096] When using prefabricated masonry blocks with predetermined height and width dimensions, gaps may occur between the blocks and the frame when multiple blocks are arranged inside the frame. This occurs because, for example, the length of the inside of the frame is not an integer multiple of the length of the blocks, resulting in a gap of less than one block between the edge of each block and the inside of the frame when multiple blocks are arranged. In such cases, the gap may be filled with mortar or a reinforcing coating material, or the width may be adjusted by increasing the amount of mortar filled between adjacent blocks and lengthening the joint. Additionally, gaps may be adjusted by placing a filler material, such as a fiber material, between the blocks, and the reinforcing coating material may be applied to the fiber material.

[0097] <Example of building structure> 19 is a diagram showing an example of a building structure. The building structure in FIG. 19 includes a masonry panel S100 and a floor structure 80.

[0098] When installing the masonry panel S100, there is a risk that the masonry panel S100 may fall over. Therefore, in the configuration of FIG. 19, members for supporting the masonry panel S100 are provided (details below). The floor structure 80 is, for example, a slab floor. The floor structure 80 may be a portable member or may be part of a building. The floor structure 80 is provided with a plurality of support members 85.

[0099] The support member 85 is provided so as to protrude from the upper surface (floor surface) of the floor material 81. The support member 85 is, for example, a rod-shaped member. The support member 85 does not need to be provided integrally with the floor material 81, and may be inserted into a hole formed in the floor material 81.

[0100] 19, holes 101h into which the support members 85 are inserted are formed on the underside of the masonry panel S100. The masonry panel S100 is installed on the upper surface of the floor structure 80 so that the support members 85 enter each hole 101h. With this configuration, the support members 85 enter part of the masonry panel S100 to support the masonry panel S100, preventing the masonry panel S100 from tipping over.

[0101] In addition, Figure 19 shows the state in which the support member 85 is inserted into the hole 101h near the side of the masonry panel S100, but as will be described later, if a support body 90 is placed at the corner of the floor structure 80, the support member 85 does not have to be inserted into the masonry panel S100 near the side of the masonry panel S100.

[0102] When manufacturing the above-mentioned building structure, a worker performs, for example, the following steps: First, the worker places a plurality of masonry members inside a frame, and then fixes the frame to a masonry wall made up of the plurality of masonry members to manufacture a masonry panel. Next, the worker places the masonry panel on a floor structure, so that the support members protruding upward from the floor structure are inserted into parts of the masonry panel. As a subsequent process, for example, a reinforcing coating layer may be formed on the area from the masonry panel to the floor structure, thereby more firmly fixing both members together.

[0103] (Building structure with corners reinforced by supports) Fig. 20 is a diagram showing another example of a building structure. Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a floor structure. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing a state in which supports are attached to the floor structure. Fig. 23 is a diagram showing a state in which masonry panels are attached to the structure in the state of Fig. 22.

[0104] The building structure S200 includes a masonry panel S100, a floor structure 80, and a support 90. The masonry panel is designated by the symbol S100, but the masonry panel is not necessarily limited to the masonry panel S100 shown in Figures 1 and 2, etc., as long as it is a masonry panel according to the present invention. A reinforcing coating layer may be formed on one side of the masonry panel S100, or on both sides of the masonry panel S100.

[0105] The floor structure 80 has a floor material 81 (FIG. 21). The floor material 81 is, for example, rectangular. On the upper surface of the floor material 81, a masonry panel S100 is placed along the side of the floor material 81.

[0106] The supports 90 are components arranged at the corners of the floor structure 80. Because the supports 90 arranged at each corner have the same structure, the structure of one corner will be described below. As an example, the support 90 is a component having an L-shaped horizontal cross section. As can be seen from the support 90-1 in FIG. 20 , the support 90 contacts the first masonry panel S100-1 and the second masonry panel S100-2 at the portion where the first masonry panel S100-1 and the second masonry panel S100-2 are adjacent to each other, supporting both panels. Specifically, a reinforcing coating layer may be formed in the region extending from the first masonry panel S100-1 to the support 90, thereby fixing the first masonry panel S100-1 and the support 90 to each other. For example, the first masonry panel S100-1 and the support 90 may be fixed to each other by mortar filled between the first masonry panel S100-1 and the support 90. The same applies to the second masonry panel S100-2 and the support 90.

[0107] In this way, the structure can be effectively reinforced by providing the supports 90 that support adjacent masonry panels. In other words, since stress tends to concentrate at the intersections of panels, providing the supports 90 as in this embodiment makes it less likely that damage will occur at the corners of the building structure S200.

[0108] The support 90 may be manufactured in advance and transported to the construction site. By using such a support 90, variations in quality due to the skill of workers at the construction site can be prevented, and uniformity can be achieved. The pre-formed support 90 may have holes formed on its underside into which the support members 85 are inserted. The support 90 may also be formed at the construction site, for example, by pouring concrete into a formwork.

[0109] (Manufacturing of building structure S200) The building structure S200 may be manufactured by the following process: Although the following describes an example in which a plurality of support members 85 are used, the use of a plurality of support members 85 is not essential in the present invention.

[0110] First, a worker attaches a plurality of support members 85 to the floor structure 80 (FIG. 21). Next, the worker places supports 90 at the corners of the floor structure 80 (FIG. 22).

[0111] Thereafter, the worker places the masonry panels S100 on the floor structure 80. Specifically, as an example, the worker places the first masonry panel S100-1 so that it extends in a first direction (the direction of the long side of the floor structure 80). The worker also places the second masonry panel S100-2 so that it extends in a second direction (the direction of the short side). Similarly, the worker places the masonry panels S100 on the remaining two sides.

[0112] Next, at the position (corner) where the first masonry panel S100-1 and the second masonry panel S100-2 are adjacent to each other, the worker fixes the first masonry panel S100-1 and the second masonry panel S100-2 to the support body 90. As described above, the fixing may be performed by, for example, mortar, a reinforcing coating layer, or a combination of these.

[0113] In an example of the reinforcing coating fixation, the worker may form a reinforcing coating layer on an area extending from the first masonry panel S100 to a portion of the support 90, and also form a reinforcing coating layer on an area extending from the second masonry panel S100-2 to another portion of the support 90. Of course, the masonry panel S100 and the support 90 may be fixed together by the reinforcing coating layer on both sides of the masonry panel S100.

[0114] (Variations in building structure) Fig. 24 is a diagram showing another example of a building structure. Fig. 25 is a diagram showing a floor structure and supports. The building structure S201 includes a floor structure 80 and supports 90'. Like the building structure S200, the building structure S201 also includes masonry panels, which are not shown in Fig. 24.

[0115] The support body 90' has vertically extending support pillar portions 93 (FIG. 25) that are thinner than those of the support body 90. The upper portion of the support pillar portion 93 is provided with a first lateral extension portion 91a and a second lateral extension portion 91b. Similarly, the lower portion of the support pillar portion 93 is provided with a first lateral extension portion 92a and a second lateral extension portion 92b.

[0116] The first horizontal extension 91a and the second horizontal extension 91b extend in directions perpendicular to each other, for example. The first horizontal extension 92a and the second horizontal extension 92b have a similar configuration. The horizontal protrusion length of the first horizontal extension 91a from the support portion 93 is, for example, the same or approximately the same as the horizontal length of the masonry material 11. The second horizontal extension 91b also has a similar configuration. The support 90' has a support portion 93 that is thinner than that of the support 90, which is advantageous in terms of reducing the weight and cost of the member compared to the support 90.

[0117] 24, a plurality of masonry members 11 may be stacked vertically along the first horizontal extension 91a and the second horizontal extension 91b. The stacked masonry members 11 may be fixed to each other by, for example, mortar. The masonry members 11 may also be fixed to the support 90' by, for example, mortar or a reinforcing coating layer.

[0118] A building structure with improved strength and rigidity can be manufactured by placing a masonry panel between two supports 90' on which multiple masonry members 11 are placed, and then fixing the masonry panel, the supports 90', and the masonry members 11 together. Fixing the masonry panel, the supports 90', and the masonry members 11 together may be achieved by mortar or a reinforcing coating layer.

[0119] Although the present invention has been described above using embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention. For example, although the above describes an example in which a masonry wall is manufactured inside a frame, the use of a frame is not essential. For example, the construction method may include the steps of arranging multiple masonry members to manufacture a masonry wall composed of multiple masonry members, forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall, and moving the masonry wall to a predetermined position.

[0120] After manufacturing a masonry wall without using a frame and forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface, the masonry wall (masonry wall with a reinforcing coating layer) may be stored or transported in a flat state. When storing or transporting multiple masonry walls (which may be in the form of masonry panels), they may be stacked flat either directly or with protective materials (sheets, boards, etc.) between them.

[0121] In this specification, for example, all or part of the device can be configured by functionally or physically distributing or integrating in any unit. Furthermore, new embodiments resulting from any combination of multiple embodiments are also included in the embodiments of the present invention. The effects of the new embodiments resulting from the combination also have the effects of the original embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0122] 10 Masonry walls 11 Masonry materials 18 Filling material 18a Protrusion 18b Recessed part 20 Frame 21 Upper frame 21a Locking member 22 Lower frame 23 Side frame 25 Protrusion 30 Reinforcing coating layer 31 Protrusion 50 Holding device 51 Contact member 52 Contact part 52h through hole 53 Side 53h long hole 54 Movement restriction member 55 Link mechanism 56 First link member 57 Second link member 57a protrusion 70 Protection plate 70a Recess 80 Floor structure 81 Flooring 85 Support member 85 Multiple support members 90 Support 90' support 90-1 Support 91a First lateral extension 91b Second lateral extension 92a First lateral extension 92b Second lateral extension 93 Pillar part 101h hole 120 Frame 120' frame 121 Upper Frame 123 Side Frame 130 Reinforcing coating layer 141 Reinforced concrete P1~P3 support pins S-wire S100, S101, S102, S103 Masonry Panels S200, S201 Building Structure

Claims

1. A construction method comprising the step of moving a masonry panel having a plurality of masonry members arranged inside a frame body, the masonry panel having a reinforcing coating layer formed on the wall surface of a masonry wall made up of the plurality of masonry members, to a predetermined position within a building.

2. a step of placing the plurality of masonry members inside the frame and fixing the frame to a masonry wall formed by the plurality of masonry members to manufacture the masonry panel; forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall; The construction method of claim 1 further comprising:

3. In the step of forming the reinforcing coating layer, The reinforcing coating layer is formed on an area extending from the wall surface of the masonry wall to the frame. The construction method according to claim 2.

4. The step of moving the masonry panel comprises: a step of disposing a holding device for holding the frame body on a part of the frame body; Raising the holding device by a wire or device; Including, The construction method according to claim 1.

5. the holding device is a clamp; The clamp is a pair of contact members that sandwich the frame body from both sides; a link mechanism connected to the pair of contact members, the link mechanism being configured so that the pair of contact members approach each other when the link mechanism is pulled up by the wire or the device and an upward force is applied to a part of the link mechanism; and The step of lifting the holding device by a wire or equipment includes lifting the portion of the link mechanism and lifting the masonry panel with the frame sandwiched between the pair of abutment members. The construction method according to claim 4.

6. the frame body has a protruding portion that is formed on the frame body in advance and protrudes in a thickness direction of the frame body, or a protruding portion that is formed by attaching a separate member to the frame body and protrudes in a thickness direction of the frame body, the step of placing the retaining device on a portion of the frame body includes engaging the protrusion with an opening or a recess formed in the abutment member. The construction method according to claim 5.

7. the protrusion is formed by a member removably inserted into a hole formed in the frame body. The construction method according to claim 6.

8. the step of moving the masonry panel includes moving the masonry panel with a protective plate disposed on one or both sides of the masonry panel. The construction method according to claim 4.

9. The step of moving the masonry panel comprises: and moving the masonry panel with the protective plate placed on the masonry panel before the drying time of the paint of the reinforcing coating layer applied to the masonry wall has elapsed. The construction method according to claim 8.

10. The step of moving the masonry panel includes moving the masonry panel while a portion of the protective plate is held down by the holding device. The construction method according to claim 8.

11. The step of forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall includes forming the reinforcing coating layer so that the reinforcing coating layer adheres to the protrusions or recesses of the filler filled so as to form protrusions that protrude beyond the wall surfaces of the masonry materials between adjacent masonry materials or to form recesses that are recessed beyond the wall surfaces. The construction method according to claim 1 or 2.

12. further comprising the step of installing the masonry panel at a predetermined installation location on the building; The step of installing the masonry panel includes fixing a fastening member provided on the upper part of the frame to a part of the structure of the building. The construction method according to claim 1 or 2.

13. A frame body, a masonry wall configured with a plurality of masonry members disposed inside the frame and fixed to the frame; A reinforcing coating layer formed on the wall surface of the masonry wall; 1. A masonry panel comprising:

14. a protrusion protruding in a thickness direction of the frame body is provided on an upper portion of the frame body, the protrusion being engaged with a part of a holding device that holds the frame body; 14. The masonry panel of claim 13.

15. placing a plurality of masonry members to fabricate a masonry wall comprised of the plurality of masonry members; forming a reinforcing coating layer on the wall surface of the masonry wall; moving the masonry wall into position within a building; A construction method that has the following features.

16. A step of placing a plurality of masonry members inside a frame body and fixing a masonry wall constituted by the plurality of masonry members to the frame body to manufacture a masonry panel; placing the masonry panel on a floor structure such that a support member protruding upward from the floor structure is inserted into a portion of the masonry panel; A construction method that has the following features.

17. The step of placing the masonry panels on a floor structure comprises: positioning a first masonry panel extending in a first direction; positioning a second masonry panel to extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction; Including, further comprising the step of fastening the first masonry panel and the second masonry panel to a support attached to the floor structure at a location where the first masonry panel and the second masonry panel are adjacent to each other.

17. The construction method according to claim 16.

18. The step of securing the first masonry panel and the second masonry panel to a support includes: an area extending from the first masonry panel to a portion of the support; an area extending from the second masonry panel to another part of the support; forming a reinforcing coating layer on the 18. The construction method according to claim 17.

Images