Condensation-free ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure

Abstract

To provide energy-saving heat-shielding structure that enables the interior of residential buildings to have a cool environment in summer and a warm environment in winter.SOLUTION: Energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 is constructed in a residential building 100 comprising an exterior member 2, an interior member 3 constructed inside the exterior member 2, and a ventilation layer 4 formed between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. In this energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1, a material 6A with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as first aluminum foil, is provided inside the exterior member 2 in the ventilation layer 4, and a material 6B with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as second aluminum foil, is provided on an interior side of the interior member 3 constituting a room 3A. Thus, condensation can be prevented.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy-saving heat-shielding structure that provides a cool environment in summer and a warm environment in winter without using heat insulation materials by installing heat-shielding materials in two places: on the indoor side of exterior materials such as the roof and exterior walls of a building, and on the surface of interior materials facing the atmosphere. [Background technology]

[0002] A heat-shielding construction method in which a heat-shielding material is installed between the exterior and interior materials of a building has been conventionally implemented (for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, a heat-shielding construction method in which a heat-shielding material is installed on the outside of the roof or wall surface of a building has also been conventionally implemented.

[0003] The energy-saving structure described in Patent Document 1 has a double exterior structure having an outer member, an inner member provided inside the outer member, and a ventilation layer formed between the outer member and the inner member, and a material with high reflectivity to radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, is provided between the outer member and the inner member, and the ventilation layer is formed on the indoor side of the material with high reflectivity to radiant heat, such as aluminum foil. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7408204 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Heat-shielding construction methods that install heat-shielding materials between the exterior and interior materials of a building have been used for some time. Heat entering and leaving a building moves from the exterior to the interior in summer and from the interior to the exterior in winter. In other words, the heat transfer reverses between summer and winter. Furthermore, many organizations across the United States have reported that the proportion of heat moving through a building is 75% radiant heat, 5% to 7% conductive heat, and 18% to 20% convective heat. Furthermore, it is well known that highly reflective heat-shielding materials are effective in blocking radiant heat. Therefore, when considering building insulation, heat-shielding materials are effective, and it has been thought that installing heat-shielding materials between the exterior and interior materials is a good method to ensure year-round effectiveness.

[0006] The performance of a heat-shielding material is expressed as reflectance + emissivity = 100%. For example, if a heat-shielding material with a reflectivity of 95% is used, the emissivity, or the heat that cannot be blocked, is only 5%, which is considered negligible. However, since the amount of radiation increases in proportion to the fourth power of the absolute temperature, heat quickly becomes trapped in the small space inside the walls. As a result, emissivity increases, while reflectivity decreases, resulting in a decrease in the insulating performance inside the walls. Furthermore, ventilation methods are now mandatory in modern buildings to prevent condensation, and it has been reported that 15% to 50% of indoor heat is expelled in winter. Therefore, homes are cold in winter and have very low energy-saving effects.

[0007] Meanwhile, a heat-shielding method has also been used for some time, in which heat-shielding materials are installed on the exterior of building roofs and walls. Since heat-shielding materials are installed on the exterior side of buildings, this method utilizes the reflection of radiant heat. Heat-shielding materials are often made of aluminum foil, which has a shiny, mirror-like surface. If used outdoors, they will reflect light over a wide area, just like sunlight reflects off a mirror, causing damage to human eyes. Needless to say, they also pose a major obstacle to helicopters and other aircraft involved in disaster rescue operations.

[0008] Currently, heat-shielding materials used outdoors address this issue by forming a diffuse reflection layer on the surface of a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, with a highly colored, highly transparent resin layer that transmits radiant heat well. However, forming this highly transparent resin layer reduces reflectivity by 5 to 10%. Furthermore, as mentioned above, if the heat transmitted to the radiating side of the heat-shielding material accumulates, the reflectivity also decreases. As a result, the heat transmission blocking rate drops to around 30%. Furthermore, it is highly likely that the installation of solar panels on building roofs will become mandatory in the future. Once installed, solar panels must remain in place for 20 years, making it difficult to use construction methods with short durability.

[0009] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving heat-shielding structure that can provide a cool environment in the interior of a residential building in summer and a warm environment in winter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention is constructed in a residential building having an exterior member, an interior member constructed inside the exterior member, and a ventilation layer formed between the exterior member and the interior member, and prevents condensation. This energy-saving heat-shielding structure is characterized in that a material with high reflectivity to radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, is provided inside the exterior member within the ventilation layer, and a material with high reflectivity to radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil, is provided on the indoor side of the interior member that constitutes a room.

[0011] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention is characterized in that a ventilation layer is formed on the radiation side of a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, and outside air is taken in through the intake port of the ventilation layer and exhausted through the exhaust port of the ventilation layer.

[0012] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention is characterized in that an opening and closing device using a shape memory alloy is provided at the intake and exhaust ports of the ventilation layer, and the opening and closing device opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, thereby regulating the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer.

[0013] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention is the energy-saving heat-shielding structure described in claim 1, characterized in that other ventilation layers are constructed between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, between the double roof, between the double-layered sheathing boards, between the exterior wall and the structural plywood, and on the indoor side of the roof or exterior wall. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention can be constructed using a construction method that does not require any heat insulating materials such as glass wool, and can prevent condensation on and inside walls. Therefore, constructing the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention in a residential building creates an environment that is friendly to both people and buildings.

[0015] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention can achieve a cool environment in summer and a warm environment in winter without using any heat insulation material by providing a material with high radiant heat reflectivity, such as a first aluminum foil, on the inside (indoor side) of the roof or exterior materials of a building, and a material with high radiant heat reflectivity, such as a second aluminum foil, on the indoor side of the interior materials that make up the room.Of course, there is no condensation on the surface or inside the walls, and in order to maintain this energy-saving heat-shielding structure (system), it is a zero-energy system that requires no energy such as electricity, using only air, heat-shielding materials, and shape-memory alloys.

[0016] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention can maintain a cool indoor temperature in the summer, significantly reducing the need for air conditioning and providing a very comfortable living environment for people who suffer from air conditioning sickness or who are sensitive to cold. Furthermore, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention blocks radiant heat throughout the entire residential building, greatly reducing the temperature difference between rooms, which may lead to a reduction in illnesses such as stroke. Furthermore, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention achieves heating and cooling effects in just a few minutes, eliminating the need for unnecessary electricity bills. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed on the exterior wall of a residential building. [Figure 2] 1 is a diagram illustrating an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is an enlarged view of an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed on a roof. [Figure 5] 1 is a diagram showing an opening / closing section made of a shape memory alloy of an opening / closing device with an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the opening and closing of an opening and closing device of an energy-saving heat shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a closed state and (b) shows an open state. [Figure 7] 1 is a diagram showing an example in which an energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed on a roof. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measurement positions in a test for the energy-saving heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] A dew-free, ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure (hereinafter referred to as "energy-saving heat-shielding structure") according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIG.

[0019] The best mode for carrying out the present invention will now be described. Glass wool insulation, which uses glass fiber, has been widely used to insulate residential buildings. However, since insulation is a heat storage material, it is effective in keeping out the cold but not in keeping out the heat. With global warming rapidly progressing, measures to keep homes warm in the summer are an urgent issue.

[0020] Residential buildings employ a construction method called the ventilation method, which allows air to flow through a ventilation layer between exterior materials and structural plywood. In summer, much of the heat from the outdoors is absorbed by the exterior materials, but much of it is transferred to the air in the ventilation layer and released outdoors in the form of convective heat. This significantly reduces the amount of heat transferred indoors, improving the indoor environment. In winter, on the other hand, indoor heat travels outdoors via interior wallpaper, gypsum board, insulation, breathable waterproof paper, and the ventilation layer. During this process, the heat transferred to or transmitted through the breathable waterproof paper is released outdoors through the ventilation layer, but at the same time, indoor humidity is also released. It has been reported that this heat release accounts for 15% to 50% of indoor heating. Therefore, minimizing indoor heat loss in winter is an important issue.

[0021] The performance of heating and cooling equipment such as air conditioners is improving year by year, and the energy-saving effect is increasing. However, ideally, it would be better to live in an environment where you don't need to use an air conditioner, so the first thing that needs to be done is to reduce the heat that enters residential buildings.

[0022] As global warming progresses rapidly, the trend is toward local production and consumption of electricity using natural energy. Among these, installing solar panels on roofs is considered an urgent issue. It is said that installing solar panels on roofs significantly reduces energy consumption due to the shading effect, but this is incorrect. It is true that when solar panels are installed on a roof, they are indeed shaded when viewed from the outside. Naturally, the underside of the roof indoors should be cooler. In other words, temperature variations occur under the roof depending on whether or not solar panels are installed. As a rule, heat moves from hot to cold, so the air under a hot roof moves to the cooler roof, ultimately resulting in the two roofs becoming the same temperature. This is why you rarely hear stories of people feeling cooler after installing solar panels.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 1, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 according to the present invention is constructed in a residential building 100 having an exterior member 2, an interior member 3 constructed inside the exterior member 2, and a ventilation layer 4 formed between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. A material 6A with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil (hereinafter also referred to as the first high-reflectivity material 6A), is provided inside the exterior member 2 within the ventilation layer 4. A material 6B with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil (hereinafter also referred to as the second high-reflectivity material 6B), is provided on the indoor side of the interior member 3 that constitutes a room 3A. This second high-reflectivity material 6B is provided on at least the surfaces of the ceiling and walls located on the indoor (atmospheric) side of the room 3A. No thermal insulation material is provided between the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a waterproof paper (waterproof layer) 8 is provided on the exterior of the interior member 3, and structural plywood 7 is provided on the outside of this waterproof paper 8. Furthermore, a ridge ventilation material 20 is formed on top of the roof material 9 (FIGS. 1 and 4).

[0024] In the ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention, two materials 6A, 6B (6C) with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are attached to the exterior member 2 and the interior member 3. Also, in the ultra-energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention, two materials 6D, 6B (C) with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are attached to the roofing material 9 and the interior member 3.

[0025] The first is the inside of the exterior components 2, such as the roof 9 or exterior walls. The outdoor side is preferable, as it is most susceptible to heat. However, roofing materials 9 are almost always installed on the roof underlayment, making it extremely difficult to create an environment conducive to creating a ventilation layer 4. Furthermore, the ventilation layer here generally requires air to flow linearly from the eaves to the ridge for roofing materials and from the foundation to the eaves for exterior wall materials. Therefore, when installing between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, the roofing material must be lifted from the roof underlayment, requiring the use of roofing battens or other devices for mounting the roofing material. Furthermore, since lifting the roofing material exposes it to significant buoyancy from winds such as typhoons, the size of the air inlet from the eaves to the ventilation layer 4 must also be carefully considered. Double roofs are constructed by doubling up metal roofs, such as tile roofing or vertical roofing. Because the roofing material is flat, it is lightweight and extremely easy to install. In cold regions, tile roofing is common due to snow accumulation, but this construction method significantly improves the indoor temperature environment by significantly improving the thermal insulation performance. If it is not possible to create a ventilation layer 4 with the roofing material and roof underlayment, there is no problem in creating a ventilation layer 4 by doubling the roof underlayment on which the roofing material is placed with rafters or other means. Since the appearance is almost the same as conventional methods, this construction method is relatively easy to implement in homes. However, since air flows through the plywood, measures to protect against wind and rain are necessary. For example, it is necessary to install a waterproof sheet on the plywood below the ventilation layer 4, install wind-blocking gables at the air intakes in the eaves, and take wind and rain measures at the ridge exhaust section, at the very least. The first highly reflective material 6A is attached to the ventilation layer 4 thus prepared, which is the first one.

[0026] The second high-reflectivity material 6B is attached to the interior side of room 3A. In other words, it is used as a replacement for commonly used vinyl wallpaper. As will be described later, the heat-shielding material used here is a heat-shielding cloth that looks similar to current vinyl wallpaper, without compromising its heat-shielding performance. One of the main purposes for attaching the second high-reflectivity material 6B to the interior side of room 3A is to prevent condensation, so the second high-reflectivity material 6B must be attached at least to the ceiling and wall surfaces of room 3A that face the air. However, since it is ultimately an interior material, it is preferable to attach it to the entire interior of each room, including partition walls, etc.

[0027] The floor is horizontal, so it is generally difficult to create a ventilation layer, and heat transfer into the room is mostly conductive heat and in small quantities. Therefore, a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (third-high reflectivity material) 6C, such as third-grade aluminum foil, is installed on the entire underside of the floor joists. This does not allow for ventilation, but creates an air layer with high thermal insulation. Furthermore, third-grade high reflectivity material 6C is laid on the floor from the inside of the room. Of course, as it is easily damaged by people walking on it, third-grade high reflectivity material 6C, such as carpet or artificial turf, is laid on top to protect it.

[0028] In the energy-saving heat shield structure 1 of the present invention, the ventilation layer 4 is formed on the radiation side of the first highly reflective material 6A, and outside air is taken in through the air inlet of the ventilation layer 4 and discharged through the outlet of the ventilation layer 4.

[0029] The performance of a heat-shielding material is 100% (reflectivity + emissivity). However, this only holds true if there is a reflective space on both sides of the heat-shielding material and if that space is large. Furthermore, the Stefan-Boltzmann law states that radiation is proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature. This means that as the temperature on the radiation side of the high-reflectivity materials 6A and 6B increases, the radiation increases dramatically. While small spaces are generally problematic, the narrow space between the exterior and interior components 2 and 3 that make up the residential building 100 also reflects this principle. The solution to this problem is to ensure that the radiation side is in an environment where it does not heat up or is adjacent to a large space. Because the residential building 100 is significantly affected by radiant heat from outdoors in summer, the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention considers the indoor side to be the radiation side. Therefore, in principle, the first high-reflectivity material 6A is installed within the ventilation layer 4, but the ventilation layer 4 is provided on the indoor side, which is the radiation side. The ventilation layer 4 uses a natural convection system in which outside air flows in through an air intake at the bottom and is discharged through an outlet at the top, and a major feature of this system is that it does not require any extra equipment or electricity.

[0030] On the other hand, the second high-reflectivity material 6B provided on the surface of the interior member 3 is in contact with the large space of the room 3A, so there is an extremely low possibility that the temperature on the radiating side will rise. Also, since air conditioning and the like can be used in this space, there is no need to take any further measures.

[0031] Laminar air flow is preferred through the ventilation layer 4. As shown in Figure 4, when the ventilation layer 4 is formed on the roof 9, it is preferable to leave a gap of approximately 30 to 100 mm, although this will vary depending on the shape and size of the roof. The roof 9 tends to have a relatively laminar flow because air rises due to buoyancy, whereas the walls tend to have turbulent air flow due to the presence of furring strips. Therefore, it is preferable to use horizontal siding, which has vertical furring strips. However, if this is difficult, it is important to select and use a material that allows air to flow easily instead of furring strips. When the fourth high-reflectivity material 6D is placed between the ventilation layers 4, a ventilation layer is created not only on the radiating side but also on the reflecting side. In this case, there is no problem with discharging both sides together.

[0032] The energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention is provided with an opening / closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy at the intake port and exhaust port of the ventilation layer 4, and the opening / closing device 5 opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, thereby adjusting the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer 4.

[0033] The opening and closing device 5 used in the present invention is a slide-type device that uses a shape memory alloy. As shown in Fig. 5, this opening and closing device 5 has two rectangular metal plates (slide members) 12, each having a plurality of square openings 11, stacked on a base 10, and one of the metal plates 12 is expanded and contracted by a spring 13 made of a shape memory alloy that senses the temperature, thereby opening and closing the openings 11.

[0034] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 6(a), when it cools, the spring 13 expands, causing the metal plate 12 to move to the right in the left-right direction X, and the opening 11 is closed by the metal plate 12, resulting in a closed state. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 6(b), when it warms up to a predetermined temperature, the spring 13 contracts, causing the metal plate 12 to move to the left in the left-right direction X, and the opening 11 opens, resulting in an open state. Using this property, the through-hole 11 is opened and closed to adjust the flow of air in and out.

[0035] When a ventilation layer 4 is provided on the roof 9 or exterior wall 2, the cooling effect is large in the summer, resulting in a large energy-saving effect, but in the winter, the heating effect is reduced, resulting in a negative energy-saving effect. A sliding-type opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy reduces this negative effect in winter. By using this opening and closing device 5 to close the intake and exhaust ports of the ventilation layer 4, a still air layer is formed within the ventilation layer 4, making it possible to keep the residential building 100 warm.

[0036] Currently used shape memory alloys can be fully closed (closed state) at 18°C and fully open (open state) at 28°C. This opening / closing temperature can be changed depending on the type of shape memory alloy, and is not limited to the above temperatures. The temperature at which the opening / closing device 5 senses and activates is crucial. The energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention is characterized by the shape memory alloy spring 13 being attached to the outside air side. Let's assume that the shape memory alloy spring 13 is located within the ventilation layer 4. During the daytime, when sunlight hits the roof or exterior wall during the midwinter period at 0°C, the temperature within the ventilation layer 4 rises to above 18°C, causing the sliding-type opening / closing device 5 using the shape memory alloy to open. As a result, air begins to flow within the ventilation layer 4, but since the room temperature is approximately 22°C, indoor heat continues to flow into the ventilation layer 4, causing the sliding-type opening / closing device 5 using the shape memory alloy to remain in the open state, resulting in reduced energy savings. Another advantage of the slide-type opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is that the spring 13 senses the outside air temperature and operates accordingly, so no power source is required, making it possible to build a zero-energy system that does not require any control devices.

[0037] The installation locations for the opening / closing device 5 on the roof 9 are preferably two locations: the ridge and the eaves. However, in some cases, a significant effect can be achieved by installing only the upper ridge. If the opening / closing device 5 is installed in one location on the roof 9, wind will still blow into the ventilation layer 4 from the eaves, even when the opening / closing device 5 is closed in winter. For this reason, a door with a 20-30 mm cut-off bottom is installed in the eaves to act as a gable. This blocks wind and improves heat retention. The installation locations for the opening / closing device 5 on the exterior wall are preferably the foundation on the bottom, which is relatively less affected by wind and rain, and below the eaves soffit on the top, which is less affected by wind and rain. However, if installing the opening / closing device 5 in one location is necessary for cost reasons, it must be installed in the eaves. This is because installing it in the foundation would allow heat to escape from the ventilation layer 4. When installing it on a gable roof, it can be installed below the eaves soffit, following the roof shape. In the present invention, a slide-type opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is used, but as long as the ventilation layer 4 can be opened and closed by sensing the outside air temperature, the shape and method are not important, such as a rotary blade type.

[0038] High-reflectivity materials 6A and 6B are combined with various materials depending on the application and used as heat shielding materials, and come in a variety of configurations. The most important material is a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil. In this invention, aluminum foil with a purity of 99.5% or higher is used to increase reflectivity. This allows for a reflectivity of approximately 98%. However, because materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, are thin, ranging from 7 μm to 30 μm, they are generally heat-sealed with nonwoven fabric, glass cloth, or polyester material to increase strength. Furthermore, aluminum foil is susceptible to electrolytic corrosion when used in contact with metals, and is vulnerable to acids and alkalis, so it is highly susceptible to corrosion when used near the sea. Therefore, a thin film of highly transparent resin that allows radiant heat to pass through well, known as an electrolytic corrosion prevention layer, is formed on the surface of the aluminum foil.

[0039] The first high-reflectivity material 6A used on the indoor side of the roofing material 9 or exterior member 2 is usually directly attached (directly pasted) to the roofing material or exterior wall material with adhesive or the like. In this case, a single-sided aluminum foil material consisting of glass cloth + heat-sealed layer + aluminum foil + electrolytic corrosion prevention layer is generally used. On the other hand, for on-site construction or small-scale construction, double-sided aluminum foil is used because double-sided tape is used. In this case, a heat-shielding material with a seven-layer structure, including electrolytic corrosion prevention layer + aluminum foil + heat-sealed layer + glass cloth + heat-sealed layer + aluminum foil + electrolytic corrosion prevention layer, is used. In either case, the effect is the same since radiation performance is utilized.

[0040] The second high-reflectivity material 6B, which will be used as a replacement for the vinyl wallpaper inside Room 3A, is made by applying a highly transparent resin to the surface of a material with high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as aluminum foil, to create a diffuse reflection structure. It looks the same as vinyl wallpaper, but its performance is that of a heat-shielding material itself, and it is used as a heat-shielding wallpaper. Of course, because it has a highly transparent resin layer, the reflectivity is around 90%, but this is still a big difference compared to current vinyl wallpapers. The construction inside Room 3A can mainly be done with the same adhesive as the existing vinyl wallpaper, and the installation method is the same.

[0041] In a newly constructed residential building 100, as shown in FIG. 7, a ridge ventilation material 20 is attached on top of a metal roofing material 9, and a ridge wrapping member 21 is placed on top of that, forming a ventilation layer 4 between the roofing material 9 and sheathing boards 22. An opening and closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is installed between this ridge wrapping member 21 and the metal roofing material 9. Air flowing through the ventilation layer 4 passes through the ridge ventilation material 20 and the opening and closing device 5 and is discharged to the outside. By installing the ridge ventilation material 20, moisture and heat can be discharged efficiently.

[0042] The energy-saving heat shield structure 1 according to the present invention will now be described in detail.

[0043] Generally, residential buildings have often used glass wool insulation, which uses glass fiber. However, because insulation is a heat storage material, it is effective in preventing the cold but not so desirable in preventing the heat. Residential buildings also employ a construction method called a ventilation method, which circulates air on the interior side of the exterior material. While this ventilation method is effective in preventing the heat in summer, it dissipates indoor heat in winter, resulting in poor thermal efficiency and a cold indoor environment. The reason for adopting this method is to prevent condensation inside the walls by discharging indoor moisture to the outside. The purpose of this invention is to reverse the trend from a house that is hot in summer and cold in winter to a house that is cool in summer and warm in winter, and to create a structure that prevents condensation.

[0044] In the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention, a first high-reflectivity material 6A is attached to the indoor (inside) side of the roof 9 or wall exterior member 2. Furthermore, a ventilation layer 4 is provided on the indoor side of this first high-reflectivity material 6, through which outside air flows. In summer, radiant heat, which contributes the most to a residential building's heat, is absorbed by the roofing material or exterior wall material and transmitted to the indoor side. However, in a residential building 100 incorporating the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention, the first high-reflectivity material 6A is installed on the indoor side of the roofing material 9 or exterior wall member 2, blocking approximately 95% of the radiant heat. This means that only about 5% of the radiation reaches the indoor side, the radiation side. However, the radiation side is located in a narrow space, namely, inside the wall. In accordance with the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that radiation is proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature, radiation increases rapidly, causing the space on the radiation side to quickly become hot. As a result, emissivity increases and reflectivity decreases. This means that heat from the exterior member 2 (exterior wall) is more likely to enter the room.

[0045] In the energy-saving heat shielding structure 1 of the present invention, a ventilation layer 4 is provided on the radiation side, which constantly takes in outdoor air for cooling. As a result, the radiation side can maintain a stable low radiation level, and very little heat is transferred to the indoor side.

[0046] In the current residential building, in winter, the heat inside room 3A is discharged to the outside through the ventilation layer 4, making the room cold and resulting in a very poor heating effect.

[0047] In the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention, a sliding opening / closing device 5 using a shape memory alloy is installed at the intake and exhaust ports at the top and bottom of the ventilation layer 4. When the outside temperature drops below 18°C, this opening / closing device 5 closes all of the openings 11, and the ventilation layer 4 becomes a still air state. In other words, the interior of room 3A is completely insulated by the air layer, eliminating the cold winter feeling that has been experienced until now.

[0048] On the other hand, when the outside temperature rises above 28°C, all openings 11 are opened, allowing outside air to be drawn into the ventilation layer 4 through the intake vents. The constant flow of outside air through the ventilation layer 4 regulates the temperature in Room 3A, creating a cool environment inside Room 3A. While the shape-memory alloy may seem to sense the temperature difference between summer and winter and activate, it actually operates 24 hours a day, day and night, and this is one of the major reasons for its high energy-saving effect. Furthermore, because the floor is level and it is difficult to create a ventilation layer, a first heat-shielding material is installed under the joists to insulate the entire floor. Furthermore, a heat-shielding material is installed directly on the floor on the indoor side. Of course, since the floor is likely to be damaged by people standing on it, a two-layer structure is created by installing carpet or artificial turf on the surface.

[0049] Measures to prevent condensation are as follows: In this invention, the material applied to the gypsum board, which is the interior base for the room, is not vinyl wallpaper or the like, but a heat-shielding cloth with a diffused reflection structure, in which a highly transparent resin is colored on the surface of the second highly reflective material 6B. This heat-shielding cloth appears roughly the same as conventional vinyl wallpaper, but the reflective material is aluminum foil, so it does not allow 100% moisture to pass through. In winter, when indoor heat moves toward the outdoors, moisture also moves in the same direction, condensing on the surface of the vinyl wallpaper, causing surface condensation. Meanwhile, moisture passes through the vinyl wallpaper and moves into the wall, where it is cooled, causing internal condensation.

[0050] In the present invention, heat-shielding cloth is installed instead of vinyl cloth. Even if indoor heat is directed toward the outdoors, the heat-shielding cloth reflects the radiant heat, raising the surface temperature and preventing surface condensation. Furthermore, since the heat-shielding cloth is 100% moisture-proof, indoor moisture does not penetrate into the wall, preventing winter condensation. In summer, heat from outdoors travels to the vinyl cloth inside the room, where summer condensation occurs. However, in the energy-saving heat-shielding structure of the present invention, the effect of the first high-reflectivity material 6A is significant, and the temperature inside the ventilation layer 4, which takes in and cools outside air, does not rise significantly. Therefore, the temperature moving from the outdoors to the indoors is very low. As a result, condensation inside the wall in summer is almost nonexistent.

[0051] As mentioned at the beginning, installing solar panels on the roof does not provide shade. This is because there will be temperature variations in the room between the area where the solar panels are installed and the area where they are not installed, and heat will be transferred.

[0052] However, in the present invention, the solar panels are located outside a highly reflective material, such as aluminum foil, on the exterior side, blocking the secondary radiant heat from the solar panels. The highly reflective material 6D, such as aluminum foil, is installed on the entire roof, and the ventilation layer 4 on the interior side constantly discharges even the slightest amount of heat to the exterior, preventing temperature variations across the entire underside of the roof. Thus, by applying the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention to the roof, a residential building 100 can be constructed that is cool in the summer and warm in the winter, with no condensation. Furthermore, maintaining the energy-saving heat-shielding structure 1 of the present invention requires only two heat-shielding materials, air for cooling, and a switchgear 5 using a shape-memory alloy. Another major feature is that this zero-energy construction method does not require any additional energy.

[0053] [test] A model of a house wall structure was placed in front of a 1KW far-infrared heater to verify the heat transfer into the room in summer. The wall structure is composed of the following components in order: Overall dimensions: 16cm (width) x 20cm (height) x 14.5cm (thickness) Square wave folded plate: thickness 0.6mm, unevenness 10mm Heat-shielding material: THB-FX 0.2mm. Surface electrolytic corrosion treatment, non-flammable material. The heat-shielding material was directly attached to the corrugated metal plate with adhesive. Ventilation layer: 20 mm, top and bottom open Waterproof layer: 0.1mm vinyl Structural plywood: 12mm Pillars and studs: 90mm, this space was sealed at both the top and bottom. Gypsum board: 12mm Heat-shielding material: Heat-shielding cloth 50 (manufactured by Nippon Heat Shield, THB-SSW1 0.1mm), the heat-shielding material was attached directly to the gypsum board.

[0054] The surface temperature of the corrugated plate was raised to 85°C, and then the temperature was measured. The temperature was measured at the following positions (Fig. 8). (1) Heater side surface of corrugated metal plate (2) Inside the ventilation layer (air temperature) (3) The air layer surface of the waterproof layer (vinyl) (4) Space between pillars and studs (air temperature) (5) Column side surface of gypsum board (6) Indoor surface of heat-shielding cloth (7) Room temperature

[0055] [Table 1] TIFF2025119303000002.tif113118

[0056] [Table 2] JPEG2025119303000003.jpg137166

[0057] The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0058] [Consideration] (a) When heat-shielding material is installed on the interior side of exterior materials, the temperature of the exterior materials rises by approximately 5 to 6 degrees Celsius from the normal temperature. In this test, the temperature of the exterior materials was raised to 85.2 degrees Celsius, which is considered to be the normal temperature of exterior materials of approximately 80 degrees Celsius. (b) Even if the temperature of the corrugated metal exterior sheet is raised to 85.2°C, (4) the temperature of the air in the space between the pillars and studs is only 33°C, a drop of 52.2°C. At this time, the room temperature is 28.3°C, a difference of 4.7°C, and at this temperature, summer condensation will not occur. (c) When the temperature of the corrugated metal exterior panel was 85.2℃, the temperature of the air vent space was 51.1℃, which was higher than expected. If such a high temperature is expected, it may be necessary to widen the width of the air vent a little more.

[0059] Although the present embodiment has been described above, it is possible to select and / or change the configurations given in the above embodiment to other configurations as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1 Energy-saving heat-shielding structure 2 Exterior materials (exterior walls) 3 Interior materials (interior walls) Room 3A 4. Ventilation layer 5. Switchgear 6A Daiichi aluminum foil and other materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat (Daiichi high reflectivity material) 6B Second aluminum foil or other material with high reflectivity against radiant heat (second high reflectivity material) 6C Third-class aluminum foil and other materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat (third-class high-reflectivity materials) 6D Fourth-grade aluminum foil and other materials with high reflectivity against radiant heat (fourth-grade high reflectivity material) 7. Structural plywood 8 Waterproof paper (waterproof layer) 9 Roof (roofing materials) 10 Base material 11 Opening 12 Metal plate (slide member) 13 Spring 20 building ventilation material 21 Ridge wrapping material 22 Field board 100 residential buildings X Left / right direction

Claims

1. An energy-saving heat-shielding structure that is constructed in a residential building having an exterior member, an interior member constructed inside the exterior member, and a ventilation layer formed between the exterior member and the interior member, and that prevents condensation, A material having a high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a first aluminum foil, is provided on the inside of the exterior member within the ventilation layer, and a material having a high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as a second aluminum foil, is provided on the indoor side of the interior member that constitutes the room. An energy-saving heat-shielding structure characterized by:

2. the ventilation layer is formed on the radiation side of a material having high reflectivity against radiant heat, such as the first aluminum foil, Outside air is taken in through the air intake port of the ventilation layer and discharged through the air exhaust port of the ventilation layer.

2. The energy-saving heat shield structure according to claim 1.

3. An opening and closing device using a shape memory alloy is provided at the intake port of the ventilation layer and the exhaust port of the ventilation layer, The opening and closing device opens and closes when the shape memory alloy senses the outside air temperature, and the amount of air flowing through the ventilation layer is adjusted.

2. The energy-saving heat shield structure according to claim 1.

4. Other ventilation layers are constructed between the roofing material and the roof underlayment, between the double roof, between the double-layered sheathing boards, between the exterior material and the structural plywood, and on the indoor side of the roof or the exterior material.

2. The energy-saving heat shield structure according to claim 1.

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