Composite material composed of mechanical ligand

Abstract

To provide an attempt that permits efficient fixing of a carbon nanotube to a composite material.SOLUTION: A composite material unit (CMU) of a structure (SE1-ML-linker L-ligand 2-SE2) is provided in which ML is a mechanical ligand, linker L is a chemical bond or chemical entity that establishes covalent bond between ML and ligand 2, ligand 2 is a chemical entity that establishes covalent bond to a structural entity SE2 or forms mechanical bond with the structural entity SE2, and SE1 and SE2 are structural entities.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Claims

1. In a composite material unit (CMU) of the structure (SE1-ML-Linker L-Ligand 2-SE2), ML is a mechanical ligand, a chemical entity that forms a mechanical bond with the structural entity SE1, and ML is not a nanotube; Linker L is a chemical bond or chemical entity that covalently connects ML and Ligand 2; Ligand 2 is a chemical entity that is covalently bound to or forms a mechanical bond with structural entity SE2; SE1 and SE2 are structural entities, composite material units (CMUs).

2. 2. The composite material unit (CMU) of claim 1, wherein SE1 is a carbon nanotube and ML is a covalently closed ring around said carbon nanotube.

3. 3. Composite material unit (CMU) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structural entity SE2 is a polymer.

4. 4. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the structural entity SE2 is selected from epoxy, polybenzimidazole, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester, polyamide, polyetherketoneketone, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyamideimide, polyaryletheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.

5. 3. Composite material unit (CMU) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structural entity SE2 is a carbon nanotube.

6. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the structural entity SE2 is constrained by a mechanical ligand.

7. The composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ML comprises a pyrene motif, a nitrobenzene motif, a phenanthrene motif, a naphthalene motif, and / or a tetrathiafulvalene motif.

8. 8. The composite material unit (CMU) of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein ML comprises a chemical moiety that is identical to a part of structural entity SE2 that is greater than 50 Daltons (Dal), such as greater than 100 Dal, for example greater than 200 Dal, such as greater than 300 Dal, for example greater than 400 Dal, such as greater than 500 Dal.

9. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structural entity SE1 is a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) or a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT).

10. 10. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein ML is a covalently closed ring around the structural entity SE1 and has a molecular weight (MW) of 100 to 200 Da, or 200 to 300 Da, or 300 to 500 Da, or 500 to 800 Da, or 800 to 1200 Da, or 1200 to 2000 Da, or 2000 to 4000 Da, or 4000 to 10000 Da, said molecular weight being the total molecular weight of the atoms comprising the shortest series of covalently bonded atoms forming the ring around the structural entity SE1.

11. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least two SE2s, such as at least five SE2s, such as at least ten SE2s, such as at least 50 SE2s, are connected to the same SE1.

12. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least two SE1s, such as at least five SE1s, such as at least ten SE1s, such as at least 50 SE1s, are connected to the same SE2.

13. 13. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the structural entity SE1 is constrained by two or more mechanical ligands, such as more than two mechanical ligands, for example more than five mechanical ligands, such as more than ten mechanical ligands, for example more than 30 mechanical ligands, such as more than 100 mechanical ligands, for example more than 300 mechanical ligands, such as more than 500 mechanical ligands, for example more than 1000 mechanical ligands.

14. A composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 13, wherein SE2 is not a nanotube.

15. At least 10 ８ Composite material units (CMUs), for example at least 10 ９ CMU, for example at least 10 １０ CMU, for example at least 10 １１ CMU, for example at least 10 １２ CMU, for example at least 10 １３ CMU, for example at least 10 １４ CMU, for example at least 10 １５ CMU, for example at least 10 １６ CMU, for example at least 10 １７ CMU, for example at least 10 １８ CMU, for example at least 10 １９ CMU, for example at least 10 ２０ CMU, for example at least 10 ２１ CMU, for example at least 10 ２２ 15. A composite material comprising a CMU of the formula: wherein the composite material unit (CMU) is a composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. At least 10 per cubic millimeter of said composite material ４ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter ５ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter ６ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter ７ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter ８ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter ９ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １０ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １１ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １２ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １３ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １４ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １５ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １６ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １７ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １８ CMU, e.g., at least 10 per cubic millimeter １９ 16. The composite material of claim 15, comprising a CMU of:

17. At least 10 ３ Conductivity of at least 10 s / m ４ s / m, for example at least 10 ５ s / m, at least 10 ６ s / m, for example at least 10 ７ s / m, for example at least 10 ８ s / m, for example at least 10 ９ 17. The composite material of claim 15 or 16, having a conductivity of s / m.

18. 18. The composite material of any one of claims 15 to 17, having a torsional strength of at least 1 MPa, such as at least 10 MPa, for example at least 100 MPa, such as at least 100 MPa, for example at least 100 MPa, such as at least 300 MPa, for example at least 600 MPa, such as at least 900 MPa, for example at least 1200 MPa, such as at least 1500 MPa, for example at least 2000 MPa.

19. 19. A composite material according to any one of claims 15 to 18, having a Young's modulus of at least 0.01 GPa, such as at least 0.1 GPa, for example at least 0.5 GPa, such as at least 1 GPa, for example at least 1.5 GPa, such as at least 2 GPa, for example at least 3 GPa.

20. 20. The composite material of any one of claims 15 to 19, comprising silica, silicates, sand, aluminosilicate, quartz, or flint in a concentration of at least 0.01% by weight in the composite material.

21. A composite material according to any one of claims 15 to 20, which is a ceramic matrix composite or a metal matrix composite.

22. In a linker unit (LU) having the structure ML-linker L-ligand 2, ML is a mechanical ligand, a chemical entity capable of forming a mechanical bond with a structural entity; Linker L is a chemical bond or chemical entity that connects ML and Ligand 2; Ligand 2 is a linker unit (LU), which is a chemical entity that can be covalently or non-covalently bound to a structural entity or that can form a mechanical bond with a structural entity.

23. 22. The structure (SE1-ML-linker L-ligand 2), wherein SE1 is a first structural entity, ML is an entity as defined in claim 22 that binds to SE1, ligand 2 is an entity as defined in claim 22 that can bind to a second structural entity SE2, and linker L is a chemical entity as defined in claim 22 that connects ML and ligand 2.

24. A composite material unit (CMU) of the structure (SE1-ML-Linker L-Ligand 2-SE2), wherein SE1 and SE2 are structural entities, ML and Ligand 2 are chemical entities as defined in claim 22 that bind to SE1 and SE2, respectively, and linker L is a chemical entity as defined in claim 22 that physically connects ML and Ligand 2.

25. 25. A composite material unit (CMU) according to claim 24, wherein the structural entity SE1 is a nanotube and ML is a covalent ring closure around SE1.

26. 26. The composite material unit (CMU) of claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the ML comprises a pyrene motif, a nitrobenzene motif, a phenanthrene motif, a naphthalene motif, and / or a tetrathiafulvalene motif.

27. 27. The composite material unit (CMU) of any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein SE2 is a plastic polymer such as epoxy, polypropylene, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride, and has a molecular weight (MW) of at least 10,000 Daltons.

28. 26. The composite material unit (CMU) of claim 25, wherein the closed ring comprises a peptide comprising at least four amino acid residues and at least two sulfur atoms, wherein the two sulfur atoms have reacted to form a disulfide bond.

29. 29. A composite material unit according to any one of claims 24, 25, 26 and 28, wherein SE1 and / or SE2 are inorganic molecules, preferably fullerenes such as carbon nanotubes, buckyballs or graphene molecules.

30. A composite material unit according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein SE2 is a polymer, preferably a polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, or a blend or block copolymer of polyolefins.

31. 31. The composite material unit (CMU) of any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein ML is a covalent ring closure around SE1, said covalent ring closure being formed from precursor ML during or after binding of precursor ML to SE1.

32. 32. The composite material unit according to any one of claims 24 to 31, wherein the molecular weight (MW) of the ML is less than 2000 Daltons.

33. SE1 is a nanotube, a carbon nanotube, a buckyball, or a graphene molecule; SE2 is a polymer, ML is a chemical entity that mechanically binds to SE1; Ligand 2 is a chemical entity that covalently binds to SE2; A composite material unit of the structure (SE1-ML-Linker L-Ligand 2-SE2) according to any one of claims 24 to 32, wherein the linker L is a chemical entity as defined in claim 1 that physically connects ML and Ligand 2.

34. 1 million or more configurations of composite material units according to any one of claims 24 to 33.

35. 34. A configuration of two or more composite material units according to any one of claims 24 to 33, wherein at least one of SE1 and SE2 is connected to at least two other structural entities.

36. A composite material comprising two or more composite material unit configurations according to claims 24 to 33, wherein at least one of SE1 and SE2 is connected to at least two other structural entities via at least two linker units (LU).

37. A composite material comprising one million or more composite material units according to claims 24 to 33, wherein in each of the composite material units, at least one of SE1 and SE2 is connected to at least two other structural entities via at least two linker units (LU).

38. A method for preparing a composite material unit (CMU) according to any one of claims 24 to 33, comprising the steps of: a. providing a first structural entity (SE1); b. Providing a second structural entity (SE2); c. providing a linker L; d. Providing a precursor ML or ML; e. Providing Ligand 2; f. Reacting the provided structural entities, linkers, and ligands in any order to form a composite material unit (CMU) of structure (SE1-ML-LinkerL-Ligand2-SE2). wherein said first structural entity (SE1), second structural entity (SE2), linker L, ML and ligand 2 are as defined in claims 24 to 33.

39. A carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer comprising one or more composite units according to any one of claims 24 to 33.

40. Mechanical ligands (MLs) that can form mechanical bonds with structural entities.

41. 34. The CMU of any one of claims 24 to 33, wherein SE1 is a nanotube having an aspect ratio of at least 100.

42. Structure (SE1-ML-Linker-Ligand 2-SE2-Ligand 2-Linker-ML-) ｎ - The polymer structure of CMU of SE1, wherein n is any integer equal to or greater than 2.

43. 43. The polymer structure of claim 42, wherein SE1 is a carbon nanotube and SE2 is not a carbon nanotube, and n=2, 3, 4 or more.

44. 43. The polymer structure of claim 42, wherein SE1 is a carbon nanotube and SE2 is another carbon nanotube, and n=2, 3, 4 or more.

45. Structure (SE1-ML-Linker-Ligand 2-SE2-Ligand 2-Linker-ML-) ｎ All SE1s are separate and distinct molecules and have the structure (SE1-ML-Linker-Ligand2-SE2-Ligand2-Linker-ML-) ｎ 45. The polymer structure of CMU according to claims 42-44, wherein every SE2 of SE1 is a separate and distinct molecule.

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