Radiopharmaceutical administration training system

Abstract

To provide users with the experience of administering radiopharmaceuticals in a virtual space.SOLUTION: A system according to the present invention includes: a head-mounted display worn on a user's head; a first sensor mounted on the head-mounted display; a glove-type device worn on a user's hand; a second sensor mounted on the glove-type device; and an information processing device configured to be able to communicate with the head-mounted display, the first sensor, the glove-type device, and the second sensor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a radiopharmaceutical administration training system. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to realize work style reform for doctors, task shifting is being implemented, allowing some of the tasks currently performed by doctors to be performed by other professions. A legal amendment was made in 2021 to allow diagnostic radiologists to perform the medical procedures of "establishing a vein" and "administering radiopharmaceuticals" for nuclear medicine examinations. However, a training kit that combines both "establishing a vein" and "administering radiopharmaceuticals" has not yet been developed.

[0003] For "venous access," training is conducted through role-playing with participants divided into the roles of the examiner and the subject, but this is ethically difficult due to the invasive procedure that involves needle puncture. Additionally, while training in techniques can be conducted using existing blood collection practice kits, it is not possible to provide training in the manner of administering an intravenous injection.

[0004] On the other hand, when it comes to "administration of radiopharmaceuticals," there are many financial challenges, such as the need for radiation-controlled areas and facilities for handling unsealed radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, since the radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals cannot be seen with the naked eye, it is not possible to grasp the distribution of radiation doses. In addition, of course, there are still issues regarding exposure to radiation when handling radioactive materials. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] Director-General of the Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, "Notice on the Promulgation of the Act to Partially Amend the Medical Care Act, etc. to Promote the Assurance of a System for the Efficient Provision of High-Quality and Appropriate Medical Care," January 19, 2022 [Non-patent document 2] Kitamura, Kiyoshi. Onishi, Hiroaki, "Research on establishing training for qualified personnel to expand the scope of work for medical radiologists, clinical laboratory technicians, and clinical engineers, and reviewing the educational curriculum at training schools," March 2021 [Non-patent document 3] Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology. Japanese Association of Radiological Technologists. Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, "Guidelines for Handling Radioactive Pharmaceuticals," 3.2nd edition, February 1, 2022 [Non-patent document 4] Japan Society of Radiological Technologists, "Request for participation in the training program announced in connection with the review of the scope of work for radiological technologists," Journal of the Japan Society of Radiological Technologists, Vol. 68, No. 8, Issue 826, 2021, p. 3 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In summary, the following issues and problems exist in the "radiopharmaceutical administration training" technology. - It is not possible to provide comprehensive customer service training from entering to leaving the examination room. - Ethical issues associated with puncture procedures during intravenous injections - Financial issues such as radiation-controlled areas and facilities for handling radiopharmaceuticals are an issue -Radiation emitted from radioactive materials cannot be detected by the naked eye Radiation exposure is an issue [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To achieve all of the above, we will develop a training system in a virtual space and propose related technologies. - Scenario progression through user operations -Operations such as grabbing and moving objects in virtual space using a glove-type controller operated by the user - Combination of equipment used by the user - Perform a series of intravenous injection procedures operated by the user -Projecting a vein model onto the arm of a patient model -Display of the air dose around the patient's arm due to the administration of radiopharmaceuticals Patient interaction using artificial intelligence (AI) - Automatic measurement of tension level based on user's EEG data [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] Frequent training can be conducted without ethical, financial, or radiation exposure considerations. -By providing simulated vascular models in virtual space, training can be performed on a variety of patients. By applying this technology, it is possible to train alone in a virtual space as many times as you like, eliminating the need to coordinate schedules between testers and subjects, and it is expected that education will be possible without any problems even during a pandemic. - Automatic measurement of tension using brain waves allows you to measure concentration levels during training. - By visualizing radiation, it becomes possible to train procedures with an awareness of radiation protection, and to raise awareness of effective occupational radiation exposure reduction. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a scenario progression process according to a user operation. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an operation screen of a user's glove and scenario progression. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a process of moving an object in a virtual space in response to a user operation. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an operation screen in which an object in a virtual space is grasped by a user operation. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the process of combining and configuring instruments by user operation in an example of setting a radiopharmaceutical to a three-way stopcock and tubing. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the process of performing a procedure using intravenous injection as an example. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an intravenous injection execution screen. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a display process using a vein model as an example. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vein model display switching screen. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a display process of the spatial dose. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the process of patient reception using artificial intelligence. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a proficiency determination process based on electroencephalogram analysis. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 shows the relationship between immersive VR operation and electroencephalograms and tension levels during radiopharmaceutical administration. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 shows the relationship between immersive VR operation and electroencephalograms and tension levels during radiopharmaceutical administration. [Figure 15] FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 shows materials and methods (1). [Figure 18] FIG. 1 shows the results (1-1). [Figure 19] FIG. 1 shows the results (1-2). [Figure 20] FIG. 1 shows materials and methods (2). [Figure 21] FIG. 10 shows the result (2). [Figure 22] This is a diagram showing materials and methods (3). [Figure 23] FIG. 10 shows the results (3). [Figure 24] FIG. [Figure 25] FIG. [Figure 26] FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between stress and training effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] [Embodiment 1] [Scenario progression through user operations] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, users can progress through the scenario by tapping buttons displayed in the virtual space with the glove-type controller. As the scenario progresses, the environment in the space changes, allowing training to proceed.

[0011] [User-operated glove-type controller for grasping and moving objects in virtual space] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the user can use the glove-type controller to grab an object displayed in the virtual space by making a grabbing motion, and move it to any location, and can release the object by making a release motion.

[0012] [Composed of a combination of devices operated by the user] As shown in Figure 5, the user can configure the equipment to be used in training by using a glove-type controller to move specific medical equipment displayed in the virtual space to a specified location.

[0013] [User-operated intravenous injection procedures] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the user can use a glove-type controller to perform intravenous injections using medical instruments configured in virtual space. For intravenous injections, a three-way stopcock, an indwelling needle, and syringes (one containing a radioactive drug and one containing saline) are used, allowing the user to administer radiopharmaceuticals.

[0014] [Projecting a vein model onto a patient model's arm] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the user can view the blood vessels (arteries and veins) in a patient's arm by tapping a button displayed in the air in the virtual space with the glove controller during a specific scene in the scenario. By tapping the button displayed in the air once, the display can be switched between "displaying the patient," "displaying only the arm and blood vessels," and "displaying only the blood vessels."

[0015] [Display of air dose around the patient's arm due to administration of radiopharmaceuticals] As shown in Figure 10, the user can visually see the syringe, tube, and indwelling needle containing the radiopharmaceutical to be used in the virtual space, as well as the spatial dose of radiation spreading from the arm of the patient model after administration.

[0016] [Patient interaction using artificial intelligence (AI)] As shown in Figure 11, when interacting with a patient, instructions are given in advance to a large-scale language model to speak as a patient, and this is used when interacting with the patient. In response to the user's call, the patient understands the content and responds in line with the scenario.

[0017] [Automatic measurement of tension level using user's electroencephalogram data] As shown in Figure 12, users can attach an EEG monitor to their heads to measure their brain waves while training. After the measurement is complete, the measured brain waves are read into the system, which measures the average values ​​of alpha and beta waves to gauge the level of tension, and this information is used to measure and score the level of tension regarding the training, thereby determining the level of proficiency.

[0018] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. [Example]

[0019] An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 〔the purpose〕 The amendment to the Medical Radiological Technologists Act (effective October 1, 2021) has added tasks such as establishing intravenous lines for the administration of radioactive diagnostic pharmaceuticals to the scope of radiological technologist duties. However, due to the risk of radiation exposure and the high risk of needle insertion, opportunities for practical training are limited. Therefore, we developed a prototype of an experiential virtual reality (VR) teaching material that allows for safe and frequent training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between electroencephalograms and tension levels before and after VR operation during radiopharmaceutical administration.

[0020] 〔method〕 This study was conducted with approval from the ethics committee of the affiliated institution. The subjects were five third-year students (21 years old, three men and two women) at a medical radiology technologist training school who provided their consent. All subjects had completed all specialized courses prior to clinical training, passed the patient interaction (practical) exam for CT, MR, etc., and were students about to begin clinical training at a hospital. VIVE Pro Eye (HTC) VR goggles were used. FocusCalm (Brainco) was used to measure EEG, and biometric information was obtained from salivary amylase to measure tension, as well as data from psychological tests such as POMS2 and TDMS-ST. Participants were asked to experience two patterns of VR operation: video viewing and immersive VR operation, in the same environment, and the changes in various parameters were compared.

[0021] 〔result〕 No significant differences were found in salivary amylase and POMS2 between video viewing and immersive VR operation. On the other hand, activity and alertness in TDMS-ST were higher in the immersive type. Also, when EEGs were compared between video viewing and VR operation, based on the resting state, the average beta wave value was approximately twice as high in the immersive type.

[0022] [Conclusion] It was found that immersion in VR operation during a radiopharmaceutical administration scene increased tension and activity levels compared to watching a video. In the future, we plan to clarify the relationship between tension and the effectiveness of medical technology training. [Example]

[0023] Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 〔background〕 The amendment to the Medical Radiological Technologist Act (effective October 1, 2021) has added the following duties to medical radiologists: securing an intravenous line for administering radioactive (RI) diagnostic drugs, removing the needle, and stopping bleeding. However, conducting practical training in punctures in RI-controlled areas at medical radiological technologist (hereinafter referred to as "technologist") training schools poses high ethical and financial hurdles. Therefore, we are developing experiential virtual reality (VR) teaching materials for this task.

[0024] 〔the purpose〕 The aim was to create educational content using immersive VR technology with gloves, as well as viewing VR from a technician's perspective, on the reception and procedures that technicians perform from entering to leaving the examination room when administering intravenous injections for RI testing.

[0025] [Method (1)] First, with the cooperation of doctors and technicians engaged in nuclear medicine examinations, a tentative scenario was created for each treatment and procedure in the relevant work, which was then categorized into 11 items. Next, a 2D video (approximately 4 minutes) was created for confirmation based on the tentative scenario, and this was reviewed by doctors, nurses, and technicians engaged in nuclear medicine examinations at four other facilities. Guidelines for Handling Radioactive Pharmaceuticals, Version 3.2 (Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine JSNM, Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology JSNMT, Japan Association of Nuclear Medicine Technologists JART) · Naoto Mukai. Improve your nursing skills! Learn immediately by looking at them. Auscultation, intravenous injections, and blood sampling that can be used in care. Gakken Medical Shujunsha, 2016: pp35-71 Mochizuki Tomita, Miki Fukuyama, Rika Mitoma. A study on simulation education aimed at improving nurses' ability to respond to emergencies. Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Nursing Management. 2021;2:54-62 Fukuya Sachiko, Yamaoka Rei, et al., Injections and blood sampling possible [with online video], Igaku Shoin Co., Ltd., 2015, pp. 61-69. Yutaka Okaniwa, Examination and Procedures in Vision, Vol. 2, 1st Edition, Medic Media Co., Ltd., 2010, pp. 58-67. Hiroyuki Kageyama, "Improve Your Nursing Skills! Auscultation, Intravenous Injection, Blood Sampling," Gakken Medical Shujunsha, 2016, pp. 35-71. Journal of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technologists, Vol. 69, No. 4, Issue 834, 2022, pp. 75-85. Promotion and Challenges of Task Shift / Share for Radiological Technologists [Part 1] Journal of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technologists, Vol. 69, No. 6, Issue 836, 2022, pp. 23-30. Promotion and Challenges of Task Shift / Share for Radiological Technologists [Part 2]

[0026] [Result (1)] There were 12 points of criticism in five scenes. These points were fed back and the work content for the scenes was increased from 11 to 12 items, and this scenario was created. 1. Check the test details 2. Preparation for the Examination 3. Greetings 4. Self-introduction 5 Patient Identity Verification 6. Explanation of the test contents 7. Checking the patient's health 8. Positioning 9 Puncture for securing an intravenous line 10 Radiopharmaceutical Administration 11 Needle removal and hemostasis 12 What to do after needle removal

[0027] [Method / Results (2~3)] Furthermore, based on this scenario, we created a VR video (approximately 6 minutes) from the engineer's point of view, filmed using a 360-degree camera, and an immersive VR version of the scene in a Unity + Steam VR plugin environment.The immersive VR developed this time allows the immersive VR operator to simulate the experience of the work from the engineer's point of view by using special VR gloves.

[0028] [Restrictions] This time, the scenario was created based on feedback from four facilities. Because each facility has its own operational procedures, the scenario created in this study cannot be used everywhere, and there is still room for improvement. The spaces of 360° VR video and immersive VR are not completely identical, so care must be taken when verifying the educational effectiveness of both. Because the immersive VR developed this time is a prototype, it does not include detailed movements of the patient's assets or fingers. Also, it is difficult to project soft objects such as extension tubes onto VR, so this time it was not included.

[0029] [Conclusion] In this study, we developed two types of VR training materials for technicians' work during RI intravenous injections, based on actual clinical situations. Both allow for a simulated experience from the technician's perspective. In the future, we plan to investigate the relationship between tension (stress) and the effectiveness of the training, as well as biological information such as electroencephalograms.

[0030] [Novelty] While there are high expectations for immersive VR-based medical technology education, a scoping review reported a lack of research on stress and VR (Meese et al. 2021). In other words, there is a lack of answers to the question of what educational effect the sense of tension felt when operating VR has on learners. Therefore, we decided to investigate the training effects of varying the sense of tension in VR regarding the handling of patients when administering radioisotope diagnostic drugs (JSPS Kakenhi: 22K13770). Prior to this, this study proceduralized the technician's tasks and developed both audiovisual and immersive VR in an environment consistent with clinical practice. This system could also be useful for technician training in this task, which was implemented two years ago.

Claims

1. A system for providing a user with a virtual radiopharmaceutical administration experience, comprising: a head-mounted display to be worn on the user's head; a first sensor mounted on the head-mounted display; a glove-type device to be worn on the user's hand; a second sensor mounted on the glove-type device; an information processing device configured to be able to communicate with the head-mounted display, the first sensor, the glove-type device, and the second sensor; The information processing device includes: a processing process of moving or deforming an object included in the virtual space in accordance with the position and tilt of the user's hand detected by the second sensor and the state of the user's fingers detected by the glove type device; and generating an image of the processed virtual space viewed from the user's viewpoint in accordance with the position and tilt of the user's head detected by the first sensor as an image to be provided to the head-mounted display. system.

2. The image generated by the generation process is The first scene is where the test contents are confirmed. The second scene shows preparation for the test. The third scene shows the preparation of equipment. The fourth scene is greeting the patient. The fifth scene involves verifying the patient's identity. The sixth scene is where the doctor explains the details of the test to the patient. Scene 7: Checking the patient's health condition Scene 8: Positioning for intravenous injection Scene 9: Preparation for puncture for intravenous injection. The 10th scene shows the insertion of an indwelling needle. Scene 11: Connecting the equipment to the indwelling needle. Scene 12: Administering radiopharmaceuticals and saline solution. The thirteenth scene involves removing the needle and stopping the bleeding, and Including all or part of the 14th scene, which deals with post-needle removal. The system of claim 1 .

3. In the generation process, an image selected by the user from an image showing the surface of the patient's arm but not showing blood vessels, an image showing both the surface and blood vessels of the patient's arm, and an image showing the blood vessels of the patient's arm but not showing the surface is generated.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2.

4. In the generation process, an image selected by a user from an image displaying the spatial dose distribution of radiation from the radiopharmaceutical and an image not displaying the spatial dose distribution of radiation from the radiopharmaceutical is generated. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The method further includes an electroencephalograph attached to the user's head, The information processing device further executes a process of determining a proficiency level of the user based on the electroencephalogram detected by the electroencephalograph. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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