Method for carrying out nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation by supplying kinetic energy or energy generated by freeze-thaw to water or sea water in presence of air

Abstract

To provide means for synthesizing a nitrogen compound and a carbon compound by supplying kinetic energy or energy generated by freeze-thaw in the presence of air.SOLUTION: A method is intended to generate or collect a nitrogen compound and a carbon compound by supplying kinetic energy by moving water or sea water in the presence of air, by collecting river water at downstream of a river, downstream of a waterfall, or downstream of a dam, or by collecting rain, snowfall, or sea water along a shoreline.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation by providing kinetic energy or energy associated with freezing and thawing to water or seawater in the presence of air. [Background technology]

[0002] The inventors previously discovered that nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation can be achieved by irradiating water or a mixture of water and salts, metals, or naturally occurring materials with ultraviolet light (Patent Document 1). Ultraviolet light has strong energy, and it is believed that irradiation can destroy intermolecular bonds, ionize molecules, or place them in a higher energy state. Irradiating water with ultraviolet light causes the water to decompose, and at the same time, it reacts with nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the air, resulting in nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation. Furthermore, the inventors believed that similar reactions could be induced by applying energy other than ultraviolet light to water, and focused on the temperature at which energy can be most easily applied, demonstrating that a similar effect could be achieved by increasing the temperature. Furthermore, they demonstrated that electrical energy is also effective (Patent Document 2). The inventor further focused on potential energy and discovered that converting it into kinetic energy would produce the same effect. That is, he conducted the following research and studies on moving water. [Patent documents] 1. Patent Application No. 2023-132168 2. Patent Application No. 2023-194006

[0003] 1. Stirring and shaking effect 20 mL of pure water was placed in a sealed container (a 100 mL flask), and the container was sealed with a lid while leaving an 80 mL air gap. The mixture was stirred at room temperature with a stirrer, and nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation were investigated over time. In the nitrogen fixation system, ammonium ions (NH4 + ) has used the indophenol method (Non-Patent Document 1) to - ) (Non-Patent Document 2) is a nitrate ion (NO3 -For carbon fixation systems, the phenol-disulfonic acid method (Non-Patent Document 3) was used. For carbon fixation systems, the phenol-monosulfuric acid method (Non-Patent Document 4), which is a method for measuring sugars, was used. For amines and amino acids, the ninhydrin method (Non-Patent Documents 5 and 6) was used. [Non-patent literature] 1.JIS K 0102 Testing Methods for Industrial Wastewater, Japan Standards Association 148-149 (2008) 2.Sreekumar,NV;Narayana,B.;Hegde,P.;Manjunatha,BR;Sarojini,BK Determination of nitrite by simple diazotization method.Microchem.J.2003,74,27-32. 3.Taras,M.J.Phenoldisulfonic acid method of determining nitrate in water.Photometric Study.Anal.Chem.1950,22-8,1020-1022. 4.Dubois,M.;Gilles,KA;Hamilton,JK;Rebers,PA;smith,F.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.Anal.Chem.1956,28,350-356. 5.Ruheman,S.Cyclic Di- and Tri-ketones. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 1910, 97, 1438-1449. c 6. McCaldin, DJ. The chemistry of ninhydrin. Chem. Revs., 1960, 60, 39-51. The results are shown in Figure 1. There was little change in pH, but ammonium increased slightly, and ninhydrin reaction products and sugars increased significantly. Ninhydrin is a reagent used to detect amino acids, but it also reacts with amines and ammonia. In the case of ammonium, the amount of ammonium can be calculated using other ammonium detection methods and subtracted from the ninhydrin reaction results to estimate the absence of ammonium. This indicates an increase in amines and amino acids. Nitrite and nitrate ions showed almost no increase. This indicates that nitrogen fixation, carbon fixation, amino acid or amine synthesis, and sugar synthesis were promoted. This indicates that the product ratios differ from those obtained when ultraviolet light was irradiated or heated (Patent Documents 1 and 2). [Figure 1]

[0004] 2. Rain, sleet and snow The results of 1. confirmed that kinetic energy activates water molecules, causing them to react with air and fix nitrogen and carbon. Therefore, we considered the case where potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in a larger state, focusing on rain and snow. Water molecules fall from a considerable height, converting potential energy into kinetic energy, which is expected to lead to more efficient production. Rivers and oceans are also thought to provide significant amounts of energy due to the movement of water. However, both types of water may be subject to anthropogenic bias, i.e., the inclusion of wastewater from primary and secondary industries, which is likely to have a significant impact on the items being investigated. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid gases from the atmosphere may be dissolved in rain and snow, and national and local governments are investigating the state of acid rain. Rainwater was collected during rainfall and measured in the same manner as in Figure 1. The results are shown in Figure 2A. As is clear from the figure, there were extremely large amounts of ammonium, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars. Rain clouds are usually thought to be at an altitude of around 300-600m, and it was thought that this difference in altitude added kinetic energy as the clouds fell. Furthermore, in the case of rainwater, the viscous resistance of the water causes the water droplets to move as they fall, and energy due to friction is also thought to be added, so the energy provided is complex. [Figure 2A] On the day of sleet, the snow was immediately subjected to measurements of pH, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, amines or amino acids, and sugars. The results are shown in Figure 2B. [Figure 2B] On a snowy day, snow was collected in a clean container, allowed to melt at room temperature, and immediately measured for pH, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, amines or amino acids, and sugars before it completely melted, i.e., at 0°C. The results are shown in Figure 2C. [Figure 2C] Ammonium, sugars, and ninhydrin reaction products were also found in sleet and fresh snow, but not to the same extent as in precipitation. Snow clouds are typically said to be at altitudes of around 3,000 to 6,000 meters, about 10 times higher than rain clouds. However, in both precipitation and snow, water vapor freezes in the atmosphere, causing the water state to change. Energy is exchanged during freezing and melting, and whether it becomes precipitation or snow is influenced by the temperature near the ground. In the case of snow, once frozen, it does not melt, or only to a lesser extent, as precipitation does. Sleet is thought to partially melt due to the high temperature near the ground, and falls to the ground frozen, so it is thought to be less subject to energy changes like rainwater.

[0005] 3. Effects of freezing and thawing We next investigated whether changes in state affected this production. Water was placed in a -20°C freezer, frozen, then thawed at room temperature. While still at 0°C, measurements were immediately taken of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars. Freezing and thawing was repeated once, twice, and four times, and measurements were taken for each cycle. The results are shown in Figure 4. In all cases, there was an increasing trend up to the second cycle, but after the fourth cycle, ninhydrin and sugars levels dropped sharply. Nitrogen compounds continued to increase. Although the concentrations of reaction products were lower in both cases than in snow, these substances were still produced during the state change. In the case of precipitation, various kinetic energies were likely added in addition to the state change. Sugar production disappeared with repeated state changes, but significant sugar production was observed in rainwater and snow. The fate of these products is thought to be due to the fact that the direction of the products is not constant and that they are transferred to other substances. On the other hand, as seen in rain and snow, various kinetic energies were characteristic of sugar production. [Figure 3] From the above, it was found that when kinetic energy is applied to water or when water that has already received kinetic energy is used, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, amines or amino acids, and sugars are produced. It was also shown that substances are produced by freezing and thawing. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide kinetic energy to water, or to provide energy by freezing and thawing, or to produce or recover nitrogen compounds and carbonate compounds from water that has already received kinetic energy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] As a result of extensive research into achieving the above object, the inventors have discovered that the above problems can be solved by using moving or moved water, i.e., water that has gained kinetic energy, and by freezing and thawing water. Based on this finding, the present invention provides 1. A method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds, which comprises providing energy to water in the presence of air to produce nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds; 2. A method for obtaining nitrogen and carbon compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy is kinetic energy. 3. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to 1., wherein the energy is energy associated with the freezing and thawing of water. 4. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to 1., characterized in that the water is fresh water or seawater. 5. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to 1., characterized in that natural freshwater such as downstream of a river or downstream of a waterfall, or seawater from the shore of the ocean, is collected and nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained from the moving water. 6. A method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to 1., characterized in that moving water is collected using a drop in the water level of a dam, for example, for hydroelectric power generation, and nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained. 7. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to 1., characterized in that the nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained from rainfall, snowfall, etc. This provides: The present invention is characterized by the following points that make it different from conventional techniques. In other words, energy is simply provided to water or seawater, and the energy source is something that moves the water or frictional force due to viscosity. The process can proceed in any way, including at room temperature and pressure. Another feature is that nitrogen or carbon compounds can be obtained using the energy exchanged during the freeze-thaw process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Next, examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described. Note that the examples shown below are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. In other words, other examples or modifications based on the technical concept of the present invention are naturally included in the present invention. [Example]

[0009] Recovery of ammonia from ammonium There is an equilibrium between ammonium ions and ammonia as shown in Figure 4. Therefore, in order to recover ammonia from ammonium salts, it is sufficient to raise the pH to make it alkaline (Non-Patent Document 7). [Figure 4] [Non-Patent Document 7] Revised 4th edition - Revised 2nd edition "Chemical Handbook Basics II" (Maruzen) 100 μL of sodium hydroxide (for example, 1M) is added to 50 mL of a solution containing ammonium (fresh snow dissolved in it) and stirred, causing the ammonia to evaporate. This is collected and measured with a gas detector, which detects approximately 80 mg / L. After evaporation, the solution is neutralized with 1M hydrochloric acid, and the ammonium is measured, revealing that it is nearly 0, indicating that all the ammonia has been recovered. [Example]

[0010] In the case of seawater It has previously been shown that UV irradiation increases the production rate when various substances are mixed into water (Patent Document 1). However, it was found that seawater is more effective than other substances, and since seawater is found in far greater quantities in nature than freshwater and is thought to be advantageous for industrial use, we investigated whether seawater would have a similar effect. To do this, 20 mL of seawater was placed in a sealed furan bottle and shaken in a shaker for 19.5 hours. The results are shown in Figure 4. [Figure 5] As shown in the figure, it was confirmed that in the case of seawater, ammonium and ninhydrin reaction products in particular increased dramatically compared to the case of pure water (Figure 1). On the other hand, no increase was observed in nitrite ions, nitrate ions, and sugars.

[0011] The present invention uses the movement of water to excite water molecules (H2O) and convert them into hydrogen (H + ) and oxygen (O 2- ) and reacts with nitrogen (N2) in the air to form ammonium (NH4 + ) or nitrite ion (NO2 - ) and nitrate ions (NO3 - This method produces amines (NH, NHR, NRR') and amino acids (NH-HCR-COOH) when reacted with carbon dioxide (CO). Therefore, natural water can be used as long as the water has gained kinetic energy. Therefore, it can also be applied to methods not covered here. The nitrogen fixation, carbon dioxide fixation, and organic synthesis methods of the present invention proceed by providing kinetic energy to water, and are extremely energy-efficient, requiring only water and air. Furthermore, since various substances, including ammonia, are produced in rain and snow, it is expected that many of these products will be found in natural sources such as waterfalls and rivers, and in man-made sources such as dam discharge water. Furthermore, the freezing and thawing of water also provides energy different from kinetic energy, and nitrogen and carbon fixation occur in the same way as kinetic energy, so various substances are formed from rain and snow. In particular, the property of ammonia to store hydrogen can be utilized to recover hydrogen from the product and use it for power generation or the like. Furthermore, industrially, ammonia and the like are also recovered from falling water used in hydroelectric power generation, for example. This suggests that nitrogen compounds and organic substances were produced on the primordial Earth using various forms of energy, including the energy supply methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, from the time when water and air first appeared. Moreover, they are still being produced today. Naturally occurring water (puddles, lakes, oceans, etc.) is subject to temperature fluctuations due to air temperature fluctuations, exposure to sunlight, and even lightning strikes. Energy is also provided by the movement of water caused by the Earth's rotation and topography, making it a complex process. This is not limited to Earth; as long as there is air and water, energy can be received anywhere in the universe, and the building blocks of life can be abundantly formed. In other words, given the right conditions, life could potentially emerge anywhere in the universe. These reactions are inorganic, and do not result in the formation of unique substances in a unidirectional manner. However, it is thought that the catalytic action of metals contained in localized rocks and other materials accumulated a wide variety of nitrogen and carbon compounds over time, giving rise to life. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] The line graph shows the results of examining pH, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars when kinetic energy is applied to water. [Figure 2A] The bar graphs show the results of A: pH, B: ammonium, C: nitrite ion, D: nitrate ion, E: ninhydrin reaction products, and F: sugars. [Figure 2B] The bar graph shows the results of examining the pH, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars in snow. [Figure 2C] [Figure 3]This is a line graph showing the results of examining ammonium, nitrite, nitric acid, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars when water is repeatedly subjected to changes in its state (freezing and thawing). [Figure 4] This is a graph showing the abundance ratio of ammonium and ammonia depending on pH. [Figure 5] The line graph shows the results of examining the pH, ammonium, nitrite ions, nitrate ions, ninhydrin reaction products, and sugars when seawater is shaken. The graph shows the concentrations of the products when 20 mL of seawater in a furan bottle is shaken in a shaker for 19.5 hours. [Explanation of symbols]

[0013] TIFF2025133662000002.tif15155. The horizontal axis represents time (hours), and the vertical axis represents pH and concentration (mg / L). [Figure 2A, B, C] The horizontal axis shows pH and each concentration (mg / L). A: Rainwater, TIFF2025133662000003.tif15154:Sugars TIFF2025133662000004.tif15154. The horizontal axis represents time (hours), and the vertical axis represents pH and concentration (mg / L). TIFF2025133662000005.tif8144(NH3). The vertical axis represents the abundance ratio (%). TIFF2025133662000006.tif15154. The horizontal axis represents time (hours), and the vertical axis represents pH and concentration (mg / L).

Claims

1. A method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds, characterized by providing energy to water in the presence of air to produce nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds.

2. 2. A method for obtaining nitrogen and carbon compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy is kinetic energy.

3. 2. The method for obtaining nitrogen and carbon compounds according to claim 1, wherein the energy is energy associated with the freezing and thawing of water.

4. 2. The method for obtaining nitrogen and carbon compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is fresh water or sea water.

5. 2. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that natural freshwater such as downstream of a river or downstream of a waterfall, or seawater from the shore of the ocean, is collected, and nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained from the moving water.

6. 2. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained by recovering moving water utilizing a drop in the water level of a dam or the like for hydroelectric power generation.

7. 2. The method for obtaining nitrogen compounds and carbon compounds according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen compounds or carbon compounds are obtained from rainfall, snowfall, etc.

Images