Machine processing method of long material and program thereof

Abstract

To provide a machine processing method and a program that enable machine processing on a long material to be performed accurately in a short time.SOLUTION: Provided is a machine processing method of a long material of a railway vehicle body structure. In this machine processing method, a height position of a surface 17E of a long material 17 is measured at a plurality of measurement positions M with intervals in a longitudinal direction of the long material 17, a straight line connecting adjacent height positions is set to a reference line, a processing position of the long material 17 in a height direction is determined on the basis of the reference line, and the long material 17 is machine processed at the processing position. It is preferable that a sensor 25 measuring the height position is a laser sensor. It is preferable that, in this machine processing method, the height position is measured at three or more measurement positions M and two or more straight lines connecting adjacent height positions are set to the reference lines.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This specification discloses a method and program for machining long materials used in railway vehicle bodies. [Background technology]

[0002] JP 2007-301638 A discloses a method for processing a side structure of a railway vehicle. In this processing method, a joint protrusion is continuously formed in the longitudinal direction of a section. This joint protrusion is cut with a milling cutter having a curved milling surface that bulges in the center. The joint protrusion is cut in the longitudinal direction while the curved milling surface is aligned with one widthwise end of the joint protrusion. Next, the joint protrusion is cut in the longitudinal direction while the curved milling surface is aligned with the other widthwise end of the joint protrusion. As a result, this processing method can cut the joint protrusion accurately in a short time. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-301638 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The railway vehicle body structure includes an underframe, left and right side structures, and a roof structure. The underframe, left and right side structures, and roof structure extend in the longitudinal direction of the railway vehicle. Long members extending in the longitudinal direction of the railway vehicle are used as components of the underframe, side structures, and roof structure. The long members are obtained by machining long materials. Because of their long shape, long materials have undulations and are set to large dimensional tolerances. It is not easy to precisely machine long materials that have undulations and large dimensional tolerances. It takes time to precisely machine such long materials.

[0005] The present applicant intends to provide a method and program for machining a long material, which can machine a long material with high precision in a short time. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The method for machining a long material disclosed in this specification is a method for machining a long material for a railway vehicle body structure. This machining method is measuring the height position of the surface of the elongated material at a plurality of measurement positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; A straight line connecting the adjacent height positions is set as a reference line, determining a processing position in the height direction of the elongated material based on the reference line; The elongated material is machined at the machining position.

[0007] The machining program disclosed in this specification causes a processor to execute the long material machining method. The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium is a non-transitory, tangible medium. The storage medium may be built into or external to the computer. The storage medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, storage, etc., and may be, for example, a hard disk, flash memory, optical disk, etc. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The machining method for a long workpiece disclosed in the present specification can machine a long workpiece with high precision in a short time. The machining program disclosed in the present specification can cause a processor to execute this machining method. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a railway car body structure including a long material machined by a machining method according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a front view of a long member included in the railway car body structure of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the elongate member of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a side view showing a machine tool and a long workpiece used in a machining method according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a front view showing the machine tool and the long workpiece of FIG. [Figure 6] 6A is a front view of the state in which the height position of the surface of a long material is measured by the machine tool of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6B is a side view of the state of FIG. 6A. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a reference line in a machining method according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] 8A is a front view of the state in which a long material is machined by the machine tool of FIG. 4, and FIG. 8B is a plan view of the state of FIG. 8A. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a long material machined by the machine tool of FIG. [Figure 10] 10A is a side view of the elongated material of FIG. 9 in a state where further finishing is being performed, and FIG. 10B is a front view of the state of FIG. 10A. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a machining method according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of another elongated workpiece to be machined by a machining method according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] 13A is a partial cross-sectional view of another long member obtained by machining the other long material of FIG. 12 with a machine tool, and FIG. 13B is a partial cross-sectional view of another long member obtained by further finishing the other long material of FIG. 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[0011] Figure 1 shows a cross section of a railway vehicle body structure 1 together with underfloor equipment 2. Figure 1 is a cross section viewed in the longitudinal direction of the railway vehicle. Body structure 1 has an underframe 3, left and right side structures 4 extending upward from the widthwise ends of the underframe 3, and a roof structure 5 connected to the upper ends of the left and right side structures 4. The underframe 3, left and right side structures 4, and roof structure 5 form a double-skin body structure.

[0012] The underframe 3 has left and right side beams 6 extending in the longitudinal direction, and a bolster 7 extending in the width direction and connecting the left and right side beams 6. The underframe 3 further has long members 8 to 14 located between the left and right side beams 6 and extending in the longitudinal direction. Note that these long members 8 to 14 are merely an example, and the shape and number of the long members are not limited to these.

[0013] 1, the long member 10 has a hanging groove 15, and the long member 12 has a hanging groove 16. The underfloor equipment 2 is suspended from the hanging grooves 15 and 16 and attached to the body structure 1. Since the long member 10 and the long member 12 have substantially the same structure, the following description will be given of the long member 12 as a representative.

[0014] 2 shows the long member 12 viewed in the longitudinal direction. The long member 12 has a first plate 12A, a second plate 12B facing the first plate 12A, and a plurality of internal plate members 12C spanning the first plate member 12A and the second plate member 12B. The long member 12 has a truss cross-sectional structure. The long member 12 has a plurality of nodes 12D where the internal plate members 12C are connected to the first plate member 12A.

[0015] The elongated member 12 has a first protrusion 12F and a second protrusion 12G that protrude from a surface 12E of the first plate material 12A. The first protrusion 12F and the second protrusion 12G form the hanging groove 16 shown in Fig. 1. Reference numeral 12H denotes the center point between the nodes 12D in the width direction of the elongated member 12. Reference numeral 12J denotes a side surface of the elongated member 12.

[0016] Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a portion of the elongated member 12. In the elongated member 12, the first protrusions 12F and the second protrusions 12G have been partially removed. In this elongated member 12, the cut surfaces where the first protrusions 12F and the second protrusions 12G have been removed are substantially flush with the surface 12E. In the underframe 3 of Fig. 1, the bolster 7 is passed through the positions where the first protrusions 12F and the second protrusions 12G have been removed, and the bolster 7 is joined to the elongated member 12.

[0017] Figure 4 shows a long material 17 as a raw material before being machined into a long member 12, and a machine tool 18 that machines the long material 17. Figure 4 is a side view of the long material 17 and the machine tool 18, and Figure 5 is a front view of the long material 17 and the machine tool 18 of Figure 4. The up-down and left-right directions in Figure 5 are the up-down and left-right directions of the machine tool 18. The left-right direction in Figure 4 is the front-rear direction of the machine tool 18. The longitudinal direction of the long material 17 is the front-rear direction of the machine tool 18.

[0018] 5, the elongated material 17 has a first plate material 17A, a second plate material 17B, and a plurality of internal plate materials 17C, similar to the elongated component 12. A first protrusion 17F and a second protrusion 17G protrude from a surface 17E of the elongated material 17. The first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G are continuous from one end to the other end of the elongated material 17 in the longitudinal direction. The elongated material 17 is an extruded shape made of metal, for example, an aluminum alloy.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 4, the machine tool 18 includes a table 19, a head 20, a column 21, a plurality of blocks 22, a plurality of clampers 23, a milling cutter 24 which is a machining tool, a sensor 25, and a controller 26.

[0020] A plurality of blocks 22 and a plurality of clampers 23 are positioned in a line in the front-to-rear direction on the table 19. The long material 17 is supported by the plurality of blocks 22 with the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G facing upward. The clampers 23 press the long material 17 against the blocks 22. The long material 17 is sandwiched between the blocks 22 and the clampers 23 and fixed to the table 19. The plurality of clampers 23 fix the long material 17 at a plurality of fixing positions C in the longitudinal direction of the long material 17.

[0021] The head 20 is movable up and down and left and right relative to the column 21. The head 20 has a spindle 20A to which a milling cutter 24 is attached. The milling cutter 24 can be rotated by the spindle 20A. The column 21 is movable back and forth relative to the table 19. This allows the head 20 to move up and down, left and right, and back and forth relative to the table 19.

[0022] 4, the sensor 25 is attached to the head 20. The sensor 25 is capable of detecting the distance to the surface 17E of the elongated material 17. The sensor 25 is, for example, a laser sensor.

[0023] The controller 26 includes a processor 26A, a system memory 26B, and a storage memory 26C. The processor 26A is, for example, a central processing unit (CPU). The system memory 26B is, for example, a RAM. The storage memory 26C is an example of a computer-readable medium, and is a non-transitory, tangible medium. The storage memory 26C may include a ROM. The storage memory 26C may include a hard disk, a flash memory, or a combination thereof. The storage memory 26C stores a program. The configuration in which the processor 26A executes a program read into the system memory 26B is an example of a processing circuit. The controller 26 can control the movement of the head 20 and the movement of the column 21. The controller 26 can control the rotation of the spindle 20A. The controller 26 can control the operation of the sensor 25. The controller 26 can store distance information detected by the sensor 25. The controller 26 can perform calculations using the distance information detected by the sensor 25. The controller 26 can store the calculation results and can control the movement of the head 20 and the movement of the column 21 using the stored calculation results.

[0024] Figure 6A shows the state in which the sensor 25 measures the distance D to the surface 17E of the long material 17. The long material 17 is fixed to the table 19. The symbol M in Figure 6A indicates the measurement position of the sensor 25. The measurement position M is set so as to be located between the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G. On the long material 17, the measurement position M is the center position between the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G in the width direction.

[0025] Figure 6B shows a side view of the state shown in Figure 6A. As shown in Figure 6B, multiple measurement positions M of the sensor 25 are set at intervals PM in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. The elongated material 17 is fixed at multiple fixing positions C spaced apart by an interval PC in the longitudinal direction.

[0026] 7 shows height positions P (P1 to P8) on the surface 17E of the elongated material 17. The height positions P are the height positions at the measurement position M shown in FIG. 6B. Straight lines L (L1 to L7) are lines connecting adjacent height positions P. A reference line LB consisting of these multiple straight lines L (L1 to L7) is represented by a solid line. Furthermore, a processing line LT obtained by moving the reference line LB upward by a predetermined height H is represented by a two-dot chain line. The double-headed arrow R represents the processing range in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. The processing start point B1 and processing end point B2 on the reference line LB are indicated by dots. Furthermore, the processing start point T1 and processing end point T2 on the processing line LT are indicated by dots.

[0027] FIG. 8A is a front view of the milling cutter 24 machining the elongated material 17. FIG. 8B is a plan view of the state of FIG. 8A. The arrows in FIGS. 8A and 8B indicate the movement of the milling cutter 24. As shown in FIG. 8A, the milling cutter 24 is positioned at a predetermined height relative to the elongated material 17. As shown in FIG. 8B, the milling cutter 24 moves in the width direction of the elongated material 17, crossing the second protrusion 17G and the first protrusion 17F. The milling cutter 24 moves in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. The milling cutter 24 moves in the width direction of the elongated material 17, crossing the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G. The milling cutter 24 moves in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. The milling cutter 24 repeats this movement to machine the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G. Here, the milling cutter 24 machines the second protrusions 17G and the first protrusions 17F across the width of the elongated material 17, but this is not limiting. For example, the milling cutter 24 may machine the second protrusions 17G and the first protrusions 17F across the width of the elongated material 17, and then move in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17 to machine the second protrusions 17G and the first protrusions 17F.

[0028] 9 shows a partially enlarged view of the elongated material 17 machined with the milling cutter 24. Parts of the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G of the elongated material 17 have been cut. The cut portions 17K of the first protrusion 17F and the cut portions 17L of the second protrusion 17G are set to a predetermined height H. This height H is the height from the surface 17E.

[0029] FIG. 10A is a side view of the elongated workpiece 17 shown in FIG. 9 being machined with a machining tool 27. FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XB-XB in FIG. 10A. As shown in FIG. 10B, the machining tool 27 has a cutting tool 28 and a pair of guides 29 between which the cutting tool 28 is positioned. The machining tool 27 abuts the pair of guides 29 against the surface 17E. The machining tool 27 further cuts the cut portion 17K of the first protrusion 17F with the cutting tool 28. FIG. 10A shows the first protrusion 17F from which a portion of the cut portion 17K has been cut away by the machining tool 27. The portion of the cut portion 17K of the first protrusion 17F that has been cut away by the machining tool 27 may protrude slightly from the surface 17E or may be completely flush with the surface 17E. However, if the first projection 17F and the second projection 17G are members whose strength is important, parts of the first projection 17F and the second projection 17G are cut so as not to scrape the surface 17E.

[0030] 11 shows a flow chart of a machining method using machine tool 18. This machining method will now be described.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 4, an operator fixes the elongated workpiece 17 to the table 19 (S1-1). The operator inputs processing data for the elongated workpiece 17 (S1-2). This processing data includes, for example, the processing start position, the processing end position, the height H from the surface 17E, and the offset amount. The controller 26 may store multiple pieces of processing data, and the operator may select the processing data to be applied to the elongated workpiece 17 from the multiple pieces of processing data. The controller 26 may also determine the processing data from drawing data for the elongated member 12 and the elongated workpiece 17. The input of the processing data for the elongated workpiece 17 may also be performed prior to fixing the elongated workpiece 17. The operator positions the head 20 at a predetermined position relative to the elongated workpiece 17 (S2). The machine tool 18 may be equipped with a device for detecting the position of the elongated workpiece 17, and the controller 26 may position the head 20 at a predetermined position relative to the elongated workpiece 17.

[0032] The controller 26 moves the sensor 25 to the measurement position M (S3). As shown in FIG. 6(A), the controller 26 causes the sensor 25 to measure the distance D to the surface 17E of the elongated material 17 (S4). The controller 26 stores information about the distance D detected by the sensor 25 (S5). The controller 26 determines whether the distance D has been measured at all measurement positions M (S6). The controller 26 repeatedly moves the sensor 25 to the next measurement position M (S3), causes the sensor 25 to measure the distance D to the surface 17E of the elongated material 17 (S4), and stores information about the detected distance D (S5) until the distance D has been measured at all measurement positions M. In this way, the controller 26 measures the distance D at each measurement position M on the way forward in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. The controller 26 stores information on the distance D at each of a plurality of measurement positions M over the entire length of the elongated material 17.

[0033] The controller 26 calculates the height position P (see P1 to P8 in FIG. 7) for each measurement position M from the information on the distance D for each measurement position M (S7). The controller 26 sets straight lines L (see L1 to L8 in FIG. 7) connecting adjacent height positions P (S8). As shown in FIG. 7, the controller 26 sets a reference line LB consisting of multiple straight lines L (S9). The controller 26 determines the machining position in the height direction using the reference line LB as a reference instead of the surface 17E (S10). As shown in FIG. 7, for example, the controller 26 determines a machining start point B1 on the reference line LB based on the machining start position. The controller 26 determines a machining start point T1 corresponding to the machining start point B1. The controller 26 obtains the machining start point T1 by adding the height H to the machining start point B1. The controller 26 determines a machining end point B2 and a machining end point T2 based on the machining end position in the same manner as the machining start point B1 and the machining start point T1. The controller 26 moves the milling cutter 24 to a machining position (machining start point T1) on the return path in the longitudinal direction of the elongated workpiece 17. At this machining position, as shown in Figures 8A and 8B, the controller 26 causes the milling cutter 24 to machine the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G (S11). As a result, the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G are cut, and the elongated workpiece 17 is given the shape shown in Figure 9.

[0034] Next, the worker performs finish machining on the elongated material 17 machined with the milling cutter 24 (S12). As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the worker further cuts the first protrusion 17F with the machining tool 27. The worker also cuts the second protrusion 17G with the machining tool 27 in the same manner as the first protrusion 17F. In this manner, the elongated material 12 shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. The cutting with the machining tool 27 may be performed by the machine tool 18 or by another machine tool. In this embodiment, grinding with a grinding tool such as a grinder is omitted, but the worker may further grind the elongated material 17 machined with the machining tool 27 with a grinding tool such as a grinder. This grinding with a grinder may also be performed by the machine tool 18 or by another machine tool.

[0035] The long material 17 machined here is used for railway vehicles. The total length of a railway vehicle is long, exceeding 10 m. In many cases, the total length of a railway vehicle is between 15 m and 25 m.

[0036] This machining method continuously measures the height position P of the surface 17E at a plurality of measurement positions M spaced apart at intervals PM in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. This machining method continuously measures while passing over a plurality of measurement positions M spaced apart at intervals PM, thereby shortening the measurement time for the height position P of such a elongated material 17. Note that the longitudinal movement of the sensor 25 may be stopped at each measurement position M to measure this height position P.

[0037] In this machining method, a straight line L connecting adjacent height positions P is set as a reference line LB. By setting this straight line L as the reference line LB, this machining method can set the reference line LB following the inclination of the surface 17E between adjacent measurement positions M.

[0038] By setting the reference line LB in this manner, this machining method can quickly set the reference line LB that follows the surface 17E of the long material 17. This machining method determines the machining position in the height direction of the long material 17 based on the reference line LB, and machines the long material 17 at the machining position. As a result, this machining method can quickly and accurately machine the long material 17.

[0039] In this machining method, the reference line LB is set following the surface 17E of the elongated material 17. This machining method allows the milling cutter 24 to approach the surface 17E of the elongated material 17 without damaging the surface 17E, even when the elongated material 17 has undulations and a large dimensional tolerance. This machining method can reduce the height H (see FIG. 9) of the first protrusions 17F and the second protrusions 17G. This machining method can perform machining at a height H that is smaller than the height of the undulations on the surface 17E over the entire length. This machining method can reduce the height H to 1 mm or less, for example.

[0040] This machining method can reduce the height H of the first protrusions 17F and the second protrusions 17G, thereby reducing the machining allowance of the cutting tool 28 and the grinder. This machining method reduces the labor required for finish machining of the first protrusions 17F and the second protrusions 17G, and can shorten the machining time.

[0041] Here, the sensor 25 measures the distance D to the surface 17E, and the controller 26 calculates the height position P. As a result, in this machining method, the sensor 25 measures the height position P. The sensor 25 is a laser sensor. The sensor 25 is positioned at a fixed height and measures the distance D to the surface 17E. The sensor 25 does not need to move in the height direction. Furthermore, when cutting only the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G, as in this example, the sensor 25 does not need to move in the width direction. The sensor 25 can shorten the time required to measure the height position P of the surface 17E. From this perspective, a non-contact sensor such as a laser sensor is preferable as the sensor 25.

[0042] Note that sensor 25 is not limited to a non-contact sensor as long as it can detect distance D to surface 17E. Sensor 25 may be a contact sensor. Furthermore, sensor 25 is only required to be able to measure height position P of surface 17E. For example, sensor 25 may be a sensor that measures height position P by bringing a probe into contact with surface 17E.

[0043] Furthermore, in this machining method, the sensor 25 continuously measures the distance D to the surface 17E while maintaining a constant position in the width direction of the elongated member 17. By maintaining a constant position in the width direction and by performing continuous measurements, the sensor 25 can shorten the measurement time for the distance D. Furthermore, by maintaining a constant position in the width direction, this machining method can easily set the reference line LB. Note that in this machining method, the sensor 25 that measures the height position P of the surface 17E is not limited to being positioned at a constant position in the width direction of the elongated member 12.

[0044] In this machining method, the height position P is measured at three or more measurement positions M, and multiple straight lines L connecting adjacent height positions P are set as reference lines LB. This makes it possible to set the reference lines LB that follow the waviness of the surface 17E. This machining method can machine the long material 17 with high precision in a short time.

[0045] In this machining method, a plurality of measurement positions M are set over the entire length of the long material 17, and each height position P is measured continuously. This makes it possible to set a reference line LB corresponding to the height position P of the surface 17E over the entire length of the long material 17. This makes it possible to machine the long material 17 accurately over the entire length of the long material 17 in a short time.

[0046] This machining method can accurately machine the first protrusions 17F and the second protrusions 17G of the elongated material 17 in a short time. In particular, in the case of an extruded material, the first protrusions 17F and the second protrusions 17G are formed over the entire length of the material during manufacturing. This machining method is suitable for machining the elongated material 17, which is an extruded material. However, in this machining method, the elongated material 17 is not limited to an extruded material.

[0047] Furthermore, this machining method may measure the height position P in a partial range in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. For example, this machining method may measure the distance D in the range in the longitudinal direction where the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G are machined. This allows this machining method to measure the distance D in an even shorter time.

[0048] In this machining method, the height position P is measured on the outgoing path in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17, and the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G are machined on the return path. As a result, in this machining method, the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G can be machined by moving the head 20 back and forth relative to the table 19 in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material 17. As a result, this machining method can shorten the machining time.

[0049] In this machining method, a machine tool 18 has a sensor 25 attached to its head 20. The sensor 25 measures the distance D from the position of the head 20 where the milling cutter 24 is attached to the surface 17E of the elongated workpiece 17. This allows this machining method to measure the height position P with high precision. This machining method can machine the elongated workpiece 17 with high precision. Note that the sensor 25 only needs to be able to detect the distance D to the surface 17E, and the sensor 25 can be attached to anything other than the head 20.

[0050] In this machining method, a long workpiece 17 is fixed to a table 19 at multiple fixing positions C spaced apart by a distance PC in the longitudinal direction. Waviness on the surface 17E of this long workpiece 17 is likely to occur between the fixing positions PC. In this machining method, as shown in FIG. 6B, the distance PM between measurement positions M is smaller than the distance PC between fixing positions C. This allows this machining method to set a reference line LB that accurately follows the surface 17E. From this perspective, the distance PM is preferably 1 / 10 or less of the distance PC.

[0051] In a machining method in which the interval PM between measurement positions M is small, the reference line LB can be set following the surface 17E. This machining method can accurately machine the elongated material 17. From this perspective, the interval PM between measurement positions M is preferably 200 mm or less, more preferably 150 mm or less, and particularly preferably 100 mm or less.

[0052] Furthermore, a machining method in which the interval PM between measurement positions M is constant makes it easy to set the reference line LB.

[0053] Furthermore, this machining method can shorten the measurement time for the distance D by keeping the position of the sensor 25 constant in the width direction of the long material 17. Furthermore, this machining method can shorten the measurement time for the distance D by keeping the position of the sensor 25 constant in the height direction of the long material 17. Furthermore, this machining method can shorten the measurement time for the distance D by measuring while passing the sensor 25 over all measurement positions M of the long material 17.

[0054] Here, the machining of the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G at the positions where the bolster 7 is joined has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. The underframe 3 may have multiple cross beams that connect the left and right side beams 6. This machining method may machine the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G at multiple positions where the bolster 7 is joined to these cross beams.

[0055] Here, the machining of the first protrusion 17F and the second protrusion 17G has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. This machining method can be applied to machining in which the height direction position is set based on the surface 17E of the elongated material 17. For example, this machining method can be applied to countersinking the surface 17E. This machining method can also be applied to machining holes, grooves, etc. on the side surface 17J (see FIG. 5) of the elongated material 17.

[0056] Although the milling cutter 24 has been used as an example in the description, the machining tool is not limited to this. The machining tool may be a cutting tool such as a drill, an end mill, or a cutting tool, or a grinding tool such as a grinding wheel.

[0057] Here, the explanation has been given using the long member 17 of the underframe 3 as an example, but it is not limited to machining the long member 17. This machining method can also be applied to the long members of the side structure 4 and the roof structure 5 in the same way.

[0058] 12 shows a partial cross section of a long material 30 that is different from the long material 17. The cross section in FIG. 12 is a cross section of the long material 30 as seen from the longitudinal direction.

[0059] Similar to the elongated member 17, the elongated member 30 has a truss cross-sectional structure including a first plate 30A, a second plate 30B facing the first plate 30A with a gap therebetween, and an inner plate 30C spanning the first plate 30A and the second plate 30B. Reference numeral 30D denotes a node, and reference numeral 30H denotes the center point between two adjacent nodes 30D in the width direction. The first protrusion 30F and the second protrusion 30G protrude from the surface 30E closer to the node 30D than the center point 30H.

[0060] In this elongated material 30, the surface 30E at the position of the central point 30H in the width direction of the elongated material 30 is positioned outwardly higher than the surface 30E at the positions of the nodes 30D. The double-headed arrow S shown in the enlarged partial view of Figure 12 indicates the difference in height between the surface 30E at the position of the central point 30H and the surface 30E at the positions of the nodes 30D. Note that for ease of explanation, Figure 12 exaggerates the shape of the surface 30E.

[0061] 13A is a partially enlarged view of a long member 311 obtained by machining a long material 30 with a milling cutter 24. In FIG. 13A, the height H1 of the cut portion 31K of the first protrusion 31F and the cut portion 31L of the second protrusion 31G is set to be greater than the difference S. This prevents the milling cutter 24, which cuts the cut portions 31K and 31L, from interfering with the surface 31E at the position of the center point 31H. In other words, the milling cutter 24 is prevented from scraping into the surface 31E.

[0062] Figure 13B is a partially enlarged view of elongated member 312 obtained by further finishing elongated member 311 of Figure 13A with processing tool 27. As shown in Figure 13B, in elongated member 312, cut portions 31K and 31L protrude slightly from surface 31E. Height H2 of cut portions 31K of first projections 31F and cut portions 31L of second projections 31G is set to be smaller than difference S. This allows bolster 7 to abut surface 31E of elongated member 312 (elongated member 31).

[0063] In the long member 31 obtained from the long material 30, if the height H2 of the cut portion 31K and the cut portion 31L is smaller than the difference S, the bolster 7 can be brought into contact with the surface 31E of the long member 31.

[0064] In such a long workpiece 30, the machining position of the milling cutter 24 can be set to a position higher in the height direction than the reference line LB. This machining method reduces the machining allowance of the machining tool 27 and the grinder. This machining method is suitable for machining a long workpiece 30 in which the first protrusion 30F and the second protrusion 30G are located closer to the node 30D than to the center point 30H.

[0065] [Disclosure items] Each of the following sections discloses a preferred embodiment.

[0066] [Item 1] A method for machining a long material of a railway vehicle body structure, comprising: measuring the height position of the surface of the elongated material at a plurality of measurement positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; A straight line connecting the adjacent height positions is set as a reference line, determining a processing position in the height direction of the elongated material based on the reference line; A method for machining a long workpiece, the method comprising machining the long workpiece at the machining position.

[0067] According to this configuration, the machining method can machine a long material with high precision in a short time.

[0068] [Item 2] 2. The machining method for a long material according to item 1, wherein the sensor for measuring the height position is a laser sensor.

[0069] According to this configuration, the machining method can reduce the time required to measure the height position of the surface of the elongated workpiece.

[0070] [Item 3] measuring the height position at three or more of the measurement positions; 3. The machining method for a long material according to item 1 or 2, wherein two or more straight lines connecting adjacent height positions are set as the reference lines.

[0071] According to this configuration, the machining method can set a reference line that follows the undulations on the surface of the elongated material, and can machine the elongated material with high precision in a short time.

[0072] [Item 4] The elongated member has a protrusion protruding from the surface and extending in the longitudinal direction, 4. The machining method for a long material according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the protrusion is machined to a predetermined height at the machining position.

[0073] According to this configuration, this machining method can machine the protrusion closer to the surface of the elongated material than conventional machining methods, and this machining method can reduce the labor required for finishing the machined protrusion and shorten the machining time.

[0074] [Item 5] the elongated member is an extruded member with a truss cross-sectional structure including a first plate member having the surface from which the protrusion protrudes, a second plate member facing the first plate member with a gap therebetween, and a plurality of internal plate members spanning the first plate member and the second plate member; In a cross section of the long member viewed from the longitudinal direction, a point at which the internal plate member is connected to the first plate member or the second plate member is a node of the truss cross-sectional structure, the protrusion protrudes from the surface of the first plate member closer to one of the two nodes than to a center point between the two adjacent nodes, 5. The machining method for a long workpiece according to item 4, wherein the surface at the position of the central point is positioned outwardly higher than the surface at the positions of the nodal points.

[0075] According to this configuration, this machining method can reduce the labor required for machining the protrusions on the long material and shorten the machining time.

[0076] [Item 6] measuring the height position at a plurality of measurement positions on the outward path in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; 6. The machining method for a long material according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the long material is machined at the machining position on a return path in the longitudinal direction of the long material.

[0077] This configuration allows long materials to be machined efficiently in a short amount of time.

[0078] [Item 7] a machine tool for machining the elongated material, the machine tool having a table, a head to which a machining tool for machining the elongated material is attached, and a sensor attached to the head; The long material is fixed to the table, 7. The machining method for a long workpiece according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the head is moved relative to the table, and the height position is measured by the sensor.

[0079] According to this configuration, the machining method can machine long materials with high precision.

[0080] [Item 8] The long material is fixed to a table at a plurality of fixing positions spaced apart in a longitudinal direction, measuring the height position at a plurality of measurement positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; 8. The method for machining a long workpiece according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the intervals between the measurement positions are smaller than the intervals between the fixing positions.

[0081] According to this configuration, the machining method can set the reference line following the undulations of the elongated material, and the machining method can machine the elongated material with high precision.

[0082] [Item 9] 9. A method for machining a long workpiece according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the machining position in the height direction of the long workpiece is determined based on machining data including at least a machining start position and a machining end position and the reference line.

[0083] According to this configuration, the machining method can set the machining position based on the machining data including the machining start position and machining end position and the reference line. This machining method can machine long workpieces with high precision.

[0084] [Item 10] 10. The machining method for a long workpiece according to any one of items 1 to 9, wherein a sensor for measuring the height position measures the height position while moving relatively in the longitudinal direction of the long workpiece.

[0085] According to this configuration, the processing method can reduce the time required to measure the height position of the long material.

[0086] [Item 11] 11. A machining program that causes at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of items 1 to 10.

[0087] The functions of each element of the controller disclosed herein can be performed using circuits or processing circuits, including general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, integrated circuits, ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), conventional circuits, and / or combinations thereof, configured or programmed to perform the disclosed functions. A processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it includes transistors and other circuitry. In this disclosure, a circuit, unit, or means is hardware that performs the recited functions or hardware that is programmed to perform the recited functions. The hardware may be hardware disclosed herein or other known hardware that is programmed or configured to perform the recited functions. Where hardware is a processor, which is considered a type of circuit, the circuit, means, or unit is a combination of hardware and software, and the software is used to configure the hardware and / or processor. [Explanation of symbols]

[0088] 1. Structure (railroad vehicle structure) 12, 31... Long member 12A, 17A, 30A...1st plate material 12B, 17B, 30B...Second plate material 12C, 17C, 30C...Internal plate material 12D, 17D, 30D, 31D... nodes 12E, 17E, 30E, 31E...Surface 12F, 17F, 30F, 31F...1st protrusion (protrusion) 12G, 17G, 30G, 31G...2nd protrusion (protrusion) 12H, 30H...center point 17, 30...Long material 18...Machine tools 19. Table 20 heads 24···Milling cutter (machining tool) 25···Sensor (laser sensor) 26A Processor M...Measurement position PM...interval P(P1-P8) Height position L(L1-L7)...Straight line (reference line) C...Fixed position PC...Spacing

Claims

1. A method for machining a long material of a railway vehicle body structure, comprising: measuring the height position of the surface of the elongated material at a plurality of measurement positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; A straight line connecting the adjacent height positions is set as a reference line, determining a processing position in the height direction of the elongated material based on the reference line; A method for machining a long workpiece, the method comprising machining the long workpiece at the machining position.

2. 2. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the sensor for measuring the height position is a laser sensor.

3. measuring the height position at three or more of the measurement positions; The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two or more straight lines connecting adjacent height positions are set as the reference lines.

4. The elongated member has a protrusion protruding from the surface and extending in the longitudinal direction, 3. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is machined to a predetermined height at the machining position.

5. the elongated member is an extruded member with a truss cross-sectional structure including: a first plate member having the surface from which the protrusion protrudes; a second plate member facing the first plate member with a gap therebetween; and a plurality of internal plate members spanning the first plate member and the second plate member; In a cross section of the elongated member viewed from the longitudinal direction, a point at which the internal plate member is connected to the first plate member or the second plate member is a node of the truss cross-sectional structure, the protrusion protrudes from the surface closer to one of the two nodes than to a center point between the two adjacent nodes of the first plate member; 5. A method for machining elongated workpieces according to claim 4, wherein the surface at the central point is higher outward than the surface at the nodal points.

6. measuring the height position at a plurality of measurement positions on the outward path in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; 3. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the long workpiece is machined at the machining position on a return path in the longitudinal direction of the long workpiece.

7. a machine tool for machining the elongated material, the machine tool having a table, a head to which a machining tool for machining the elongated material is attached, and a sensor attached to the head; The long material is fixed to the table, 3. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the head is moved relative to the table, and the height position is measured by the sensor.

8. The long material is fixed to a table at a plurality of fixing positions spaced apart in a longitudinal direction, measuring the height position at a plurality of measurement positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the elongated material; 3. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the intervals between the measurement positions are smaller than the intervals between the fixing positions.

9. 3. The method for machining a long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the machining position in the height direction of the long workpiece is determined based on machining data including at least a machining start position and a machining end position and the reference line.

10. 3. The method for machining an elongated workpiece according to claim 1, wherein a sensor for measuring the height position measures the height position while moving relatively in the longitudinal direction of the elongated workpiece.

11. A machining program causing at least one processor to carry out the method according to claim 1 or 2.

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