Wooden building member

Abstract

To provide a wooden building member which can suppress manufacturing labor and cost from soaring and is excellent in fire resistance.SOLUTION: A wooden building member 100 has a covering material 20 provided with at least a wooden surface material 30 arranged around a core material 10, the covering material 20 is formed of the wooden surface material 30 located on the outside and a metal surface material 40 located on the core material side, an air layer 50 is provided between the core material 10 and the covering material 20, and a metal shaft member 60 goes through the air layer 50 and connects the core material 10 and the covering material 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wooden building component. [Background technology]

[0002] In the recent trend of increasing emphasis on reducing environmental impact and active efforts to be environmentally conscious, the construction industry has been actively developing technologies that effectively utilize wood materials, and in wooden buildings and wood-steel hybrid buildings, various structural components such as beams, columns, and walls are made entirely or partially of wood, and are used as wooden building materials such as wooden columns, wooden beams, and wooden walls. Compared to steel frames and concrete, wood is lighter, has a high specific strength, is easy to process, has high thermal insulation properties, has moisture-regulating properties, and has the appearance design that is characteristic of natural materials. As a natural material, it produces less carbon dioxide emissions and is highly effective in reducing environmental impact, making it a material that offers a variety of benefits.

[0003] However, unlike non-combustible materials such as concrete, wood materials are capable of self-combustion during and after a fire, which can lead to the collapse of a building. Therefore, when wooden building components are used in fire-resistant structures, measures are taken such as combining them with non-combustible materials that function as a fire-stopping layer, an example of which is proposed in Patent Document 1.

[0004] The wooden structural member described in Patent Document 1 comprises a core made of wood, a fire-retardant layer having a plurality of fire-retardant sections arranged around the periphery of the core and wood sections arranged between adjacent fire-retardant sections, and a substitute fire layer arranged on the outside of the fire-retardant layer and made of wood, wherein the wood sections are made of wood having a higher thermal inertia than at least one of the core and the substitute fire layer, and the fire-retardant sections are made of mortar board. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-227749 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The wooden structural member described in Patent Document 1 requires the preparation of mortar boards with a thickness equivalent to that of the fire-retardant layer, which requires a lot of labor and raises concerns about rising production costs. Furthermore, because the fire-retardant layer contains a wooden portion, even if the wooden portion were made of wood with a higher thermal inertia than the core or substitute fire layer, a decrease in fire resistance cannot be denied.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a wooden building component that can suppress the increase in manufacturing effort and manufacturing costs and has excellent fire resistance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: A wooden building component in which a covering material having at least a wooden surface material is arranged around a core material, The covering material is formed by the wood surface material located on the outside and the metal surface material located on the core material side, an air layer is provided between the core material and the covering material, A metal shaft member penetrates the air layer and connects the core material and the covering material.

[0009] According to this embodiment, an air layer, which is a fire-retardant layer, is provided between the core material and the covering material, and the covering material is formed from a wood surface material and a metal surface material, so that a wooden building component with excellent fire resistance can be formed while suppressing the increase in manufacturing effort and manufacturing costs.

[0010] The metal surface material that makes up the covering material, which is connected to the core material via a metal shaft member, has the function of maintaining the shape and dimensions of the fire-stopping layer consisting of an air layer, and the wooden surface material arranged on the outside of it forms a substitute fire layer and also functions as an excellent design element created by the wooden material.

[0011] In this embodiment, the core material may be wood or steel. The core material serves as a load-bearing material that supports the load acting on the wooden building component. When the load acting is relatively large, a steel core material is used, and when the load acting is relatively small, a wooden core material is used. Either type can have load-bearing performance, and the latter type is preferred because it results in a wooden building component that uses a large amount of wood.

[0012] Furthermore, the wood surface materials and metal surface materials that form the covering material are fixed to each other with adhesive or the like to integrate the covering material, which improves the efficiency of assembling a plurality of covering materials.

[0013] In another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention, The metal shaft member is characterized by comprising a shaft body, a first locking portion that locks onto the outer surface of the metal surface material at the end of the shaft body, and a second locking portion that has an insertion hole through which the shaft body is inserted and is locked onto the side surface of the core material of the metal surface material, and that sandwiches the covering material together with the first locking portion.

[0014] According to this aspect, the metal shaft member has a shaft body, a first locking portion that locks onto the outer surface of the metal surface material at the end of the shaft body, and a second locking portion that locks onto the side of the core material of the metal surface material and sandwiches the covering material together with the first locking portion, thereby ensuring reliable positioning and fixation of the metal surface material by the metal shaft member, and thereby ensuring stable maintenance of the shape and dimensions of the air layer.

[0015] Here, the shaft body may be a fully threaded bolt or a double-threaded bolt, the first locking portion may be a nut, etc., and the second locking portion may be a metal plate with a small flat area or a nut, etc.

[0016] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The metal shaft member is characterized in that a non-combustible material layer is provided around the fixing portion that is fixed to the core material.

[0017] According to this aspect, a non-combustible material layer is provided around the fixing portion of the metal shaft member that is fixed to the core material, thereby suppressing or preventing heat in the event of a fire from being transmitted to the core material via the metal shaft member, which is preferable because it can prevent the core material, which is a load-bearing material, from burning, particularly when the core material is made of wood.

[0018] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The metal shaft member penetrates the core material and is fixed to the core material, while connecting the core material and a pair of the covering materials that face each other across the core material.

[0019] According to this aspect, the metal shaft member that penetrates the core material and is fixed to the core material connects a pair of coating materials at both ends, so that the shape and dimensions of the pair of air layers that sandwich the core material can be maintained by the metal shaft member.

[0020] Here, the metal shaft member can be fixed to the core member by an adhesive injected or applied between the fixing portion of the metal shaft member and the through-hole of the core member, and it is preferable to use a heat-resistant adhesive.

[0021] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The metal shaft member penetrates the core material and is fixed to the core material, while connecting the core material and one of the covering materials facing the core material.

[0022] According to this aspect, the metal shaft member that penetrates the core material and is fixed to the core material connects one coating material at one end, so that the metal shaft member can maintain the shape and dimensions of the air layer outside one side of the core material.

[0023] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The one or more metal shaft members are embedded inside the core material without penetrating the core material.

[0024] According to this aspect, the covering material and the core material are connected by a metal shaft member that does not penetrate the core material, so that the shape and dimensions of the air layer can be maintained using a metal shaft member that is as short as possible.

[0025] In another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention, The metal shaft member is characterized in that the fixed portion, which is embedded inside the core material and fixed to the core material, is bent from the non-fixed portion, which is not embedded in the core material, to form a means for preventing the covering material from falling off.

[0026] According to this aspect, in a configuration in which the metal shaft member is embedded within the core material without penetrating the core material, the anchoring portion anchored to the core material bends from the non-anchored portion not embedded in the core material, thereby forming a means for preventing the covering material from falling off. For example, when the wooden surface material serving as the substitute layer burns and carbonizes during a fire, the anchoring portion, which is embedded and fixed at an angle relative to the core material, can prevent the metal surface material forming the covering material from falling. For example, if the wooden building component is a wooden beam, the metal surface material of the covering material located below the wooden beam is prone to falling, but this metal surface material is effectively prevented from falling.

[0027] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: In the covering material, the wood surface material and the metal surface material are fixed to each other with an adhesive, In part or all of the covering material, the wood surface material and the metal surface material are further fastened with fasteners, and the fasteners form a means for preventing the wood surface material from falling off.

[0028] According to this embodiment, in a configuration in which the metal shaft member penetrates the core material, the wood surface material and the metal surface material are fixed to each other with adhesive, and further fastened with fasteners, so that the fasteners can function as a means for preventing the wood surface material from falling off.

[0029] In another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention, The covering material is formed by joining multiple wooden surface materials to each other through joints, and is characterized in that a non-combustible material block is provided on the covering material side of the joint to block any gaps that occur in the joint.

[0030] According to this aspect, when multiple wooden surface materials are joined to each other through joints, non-combustible material blocks are provided on the covering material side of the joints to block any gaps that occur in the joints.Even if the joints of the wooden surface materials open up due to elongation caused by thermal expansion of the metal shaft member, causing gaps, the gaps can be blocked by the non-combustible material blocks, effectively preventing flames from entering the interior of the wooden building components through the gaps.

[0031] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The metal shaft member has an end opposite to the covering material that protrudes from the core material, and the protruding portion of the metal shaft member is embedded in the concrete slab.

[0032] According to this aspect, the protruding portion of the metal shaft member, which is the end opposite the covering material and protrudes from the core material, is embedded in the concrete floor slab, thereby forming a composite beam in which a wooden beam, which is a wooden building component, and a concrete floor slab are integrated.

[0033] Another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention is: The covering material is characterized in that it further comprises a non-combustible surface material on the core material side of the metal surface material.

[0034] According to this aspect, the covering material further comprises a non-combustible surface material on the core side of the metal surface material, so that not only the air layer but also the covering material forms a fire-retardant layer, resulting in a wooden building component with even better fire resistance.

[0035] In another aspect of the wooden building member according to the present invention, The wooden building member is The cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axial direction of the core material is rectangular, and the covering material having a U-shaped cross-sectional shape is disposed on the outside of three side surfaces of the core material, or The cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the core material is rectangular, and the covering material is arranged in the shape of a rectangular frame on the outside of the four side surfaces of the core material. Alternatively, The wooden wall is characterized in that a pair of planar covering materials are arranged facing a pair of wide surfaces of the planar core material.

[0036] According to this aspect, wooden building components include wooden beams, wooden columns, and wooden walls, and therefore can be applied to major wooden structural components.

[0037] Here, in the case of wooden beams, one of the four sides of the rectangular cross-section (top surface) is fitted with a flooring material such as a concrete slab, and since it is the covering material on the outside of the remaining three sides of the core material that is exposed to flames in the event of a fire, it is sufficient to arrange the covering material on the outside of the three sides of the core material. [Effects of the Invention]

[0038] As can be understood from the above explanation, the wooden building components of the present invention can provide wooden building components that can suppress increases in manufacturing labor and manufacturing costs and have excellent fire resistance. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0039] [Figure 1A] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of an example of a wooden beam according to the embodiment. [Figure 1B]1B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 1A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction of an example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 2A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2B] 2B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 2A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of another example of the wooden beam according to the embodiment. [Figure 3A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 3B] 3B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 3A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of still another example of the wooden beam according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 5A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 5B] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 10A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. [Figure 10B] 10B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 10A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of still another example of the wooden beam according to the embodiment. [Figure 11A] 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a wooden pole according to an embodiment, taken perpendicular to the axial direction. FIG. [Figure 11B] 11B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 11A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction of an example of a wooden pole according to the embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another example of a wooden pole according to an embodiment, taken perpendicular to the axial direction. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden pole according to an embodiment. [Figure 14A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden pole according to an embodiment. [Figure 14B] 14B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 14A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden pole according to the embodiment. [Figure 15A] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment, which is perpendicular to the width direction. [Figure 15B] 15B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 15A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the width direction of an example of a wooden wall according to the embodiment. [Figure 16A] FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the width direction of another example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment. [Figure 16B] 16B is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG. 16A, and is a vertical cross-sectional view perpendicular to the width direction of another example of the wooden wall according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] The following describes the wooden beams, columns, and walls of wooden building components according to each embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that in this specification and drawings, substantially identical components are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations may be omitted.

[0041] [Wooden beam according to the embodiment] First, a wooden beam, which is a wooden building member according to an embodiment, will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0042] First, an example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1A and 1B. Here, Figure 1A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment, and Figure 1B is a view taken along arrow BB in Figure 1A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0043] The wooden beam 100 (an example of a wooden building component) has a core material 10, a covering material 20 arranged around the core material 10 with an air layer 50 interposed therebetween, and a metal shaft member 60 that penetrates the air layer 50 and connects the core material 10 and the covering material 20.

[0044] The core material 10 is a wooden load-bearing material with a rectangular cross section perpendicular to its axial direction. Because it is a wooden beam, the cross section of the core material 10 is a rectangle that is long in the vertical direction, making it a member with high bending strength against bending moments caused by loads acting from above.

[0045] The wood that forms the core material 10 may be solid wood such as larch, Douglas fir, cedar, cypress, or hiba, or a laminated wood of these laminas.

[0046] Here, the core material may be a steel member instead of wood, and this also applies to other examples of wooden beams, wooden columns, and wooden walls described below.

[0047] Of the core material 10, three coating materials 20 face each of a pair of side surfaces 11 and a bottom surface 12 via an air layer 50, and adjacent coating materials 20 are bonded together using a heat-resistant adhesive such as an epoxy or silicone adhesive.

[0048] The covering material 20 is formed by a wood surface material 30 located on the outside and a metal surface material 40 located on the core material side, and both surface materials are joined together with a heat-resistant adhesive or the like.

[0049] The wooden face material 30, like the core material 10, is made of inorganic material or laminated wood made from the above materials, and forms a burn-off layer for the wooden beam 100 while also functioning as an exterior design component.

[0050] The metal surface material 40 is, for example, a steel plate, and has bolt holes (not shown) formed at predetermined positions.

[0051] The metal shaft member 60, which connects a pair of metal surface materials 40 facing each other across the core material 10, has a shaft body 61 consisting of a fully threaded bolt or a double-threaded bolt, a nut which is a first engagement portion 62 that engages with the outer surface 41 of the metal surface material 40, and a nut which is a second engagement portion 63 that engages with the core material side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 and sandwiches the metal surface material 40 together with the first engagement portion 62.The metal shaft member 60 has two sets of nuts 62, 63 at both ends to secure the two metal surface materials 40 at both ends.

[0052] On the other hand, the metal shaft member 60A connecting one metal surface material 40 on one side of the core material 10 has a shaft body 61 consisting of a fully threaded bolt or a double-threaded bolt, a nut which is a first engagement portion 62 that engages with the outer surface 41 of the metal surface material 40, and a nut which is a second engagement portion 63 that engages with the core material side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 and clamps the metal surface material 40 together with the first engagement portion 62 at one end, and a nut which is a third engagement portion 64 that engages with the upper surface 13 of the core material 10 at the other end.

[0053] The heat conductivity of both nuts 62, 63 can be reduced by making their thickness as thin as possible, so the thickness of nuts 62, 63 is set from two perspectives: to firmly fix the metal surface material 40 and to reduce heat conductivity.

[0054] Here, the second engaging portion 63 that engages with the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 may be a nut or a metal plate or the like having a through hole through which the bolt 61 passes, and in the case of a metal plate, the thickness can be made as thin as possible.

[0055] The core material 10 is provided with a through hole 15 through which the bolt 61 of the metal shaft member 60 passes. A non-combustible material layer 17 is formed between the through hole 15 and the bolt 61, and the non-combustible material layer 17 can prevent heat from being transferred to the core material 10 via the bolt 61 during a fire.

[0056] Here, the non-combustible material layer 17 can be formed from, for example, cement, inorganic fiber, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, etc. The non-combustible material layer 17 is formed inside the through hole 15 by injecting a material into the through hole 15 or by adhering a fixed material to the wall surface of the through hole 15. Alternatively, the non-combustible material layer 17 may be adhered in advance to an area of ​​the bolt 61 corresponding to the through hole 15, and the bolt 61 with the non-combustible material layer 17 may be inserted into the through hole 15.

[0057] The bolt 61 is inserted into the through-hole 15 of the core material 10 and fixed to the through-hole 15 via the non-combustible material layer 17 by a heat-resistant adhesive or the like.

[0058] As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, in an axially long wooden beam 100, a plurality of horizontally extending metal shaft members 60 arranged at intervals in the axial direction connect a pair of left and right covering materials 20 to the core material 10, and a plurality of vertically extending metal shaft members 60A similarly arranged at intervals in the axial direction connect one lower covering material 20 to the core material 10.

[0059] To summarize the method of manufacturing the wooden beam 100, as described above, the bolt 61 is inserted into the through hole 15 of the core material 10, and the bolt 61 is fixed to the through hole 15 via the non-combustible material layer 17 using a heat-resistant adhesive or the like.

[0060] Next, the second locking portion 63 is screwed into the thread groove at the end of the bolt 61, and the second locking portion 63 is positioned at a position where an air layer 50 of a predetermined width is formed.

[0061] Next, the end of the bolt 61 is inserted through the through hole of the metal surface material 40, and the first locking portion 62 is screwed into the threaded groove at the end that protrudes laterally from the outer surface 41 of the metal surface material 40, so that the metal surface material 40 is sandwiched between the first locking portion 62 and the second locking portion 63 and fixed to the bolt 61, and the three metal surface materials 40 are fixed to each metal shaft member 60 with an air layer 50 of a predetermined width t1 formed between the side surface 11 and the underside 12 of the core material 10.

[0062] Finally, by fixing the wooden surface material 30 to the outer surface 41 of each metal surface material 40 using a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, a wooden beam 100 is produced in which three covering materials 20 consisting of the metal surface material 40 and the wooden surface material 30 are arranged in a U-shape in cross section on the outside of the three side surfaces 11, 12 of the core material 10.

[0063] Adjacent wooden surface materials 30 are joined together by joining the side surface 31 of the lower wooden surface material 30 to the end surfaces 32 (lower ends) of the wooden surface materials 30 on the left and right that are joined to that end using a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, and a seam 34 is formed at each joint.

[0064] Of the wooden beams 100, the upper surface 13 of the core material 10, which has no covering material, will have a flooring material such as a concrete slab placed on it, and therefore, in the event of a fire indoors, it will be the three covering materials 20 on the outside of the three side surfaces 11, 12 of the core material 10 that will be exposed to flames.

[0065] The air layer 50, which is U-shaped in cross section, forms a fire-stopping layer and a heat-insulating layer for the wooden beam 100. The width t1 of the air layer 50 can be set to, for example, about 10 mm.

[0066] Furthermore, the metal surface material 40 that constitutes the covering material 20, which is connected to the core material 10 via the metal shaft member 60, has the function of maintaining the shape and dimensions of the fire-stopping layer made up of the air layer 50. In other words, the covering material 20 maintains the shape and dimensions of the air layer 50 through the metal surface material 40 that is its component, and the wood surface material 30 that is its component forms the substitute fire layer and also functions as an exterior design member.

[0067] According to the wooden beam 100, an air layer 50, which is a fire-retardant layer, is provided between the core material 10 and the covering material 20, and the covering material 20 is formed from a wooden surface material 30 and a metal surface material 40, thereby providing a wooden beam with excellent fire resistance while suppressing increases in manufacturing labor and costs.

[0068] Next, another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B. Here, Figure 2A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the other example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment, and Figure 2B is a view taken along arrow BB in Figure 2A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the other example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0069] The illustrated wooden beam 100A differs from the wooden beam 100 in that two covering materials 20A that are L-shaped in cross section are disposed on the outside of the three side surfaces 11 and 12 of the core material 10.

[0070] The covering material 20A is formed by joining (adhering) a metal surface material 40A that is L-shaped in cross section to the inside of two wood surface materials 30 that are joined together via a joint 34.

[0071] The two covering materials 20A are joined together at a joint 34A where the ends of the wooden panel materials 30 below them abut, using a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, to form a covering material that is U-shaped in cross section.

[0072] Since the metal surface materials 40A connected to each other are L-shaped, even when a pair of metal surface materials 40A are fixed to the core material 10 only by the horizontal metal shaft member 60, the shape and dimensions of the air layer 50, which is U-shaped in cross section, can be maintained.

[0073] Next, another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3A and 3B. Here, Figure 3A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the other example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment, and Figure 3B is a view taken along arrow BB in Figure 3A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the other example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0074] The illustrated wooden beam 100B differs from the wooden beams 100 and 100A in that the covering material 20B is formed by joining a metal surface material 40B that is U-shaped (or U-shaped) in cross section to the inside of three joined wooden surface materials 30. That is, the wooden beam 100 has three covering materials 20, and the wooden beam 100A has two covering materials 20A that are L-shaped in cross section, while the wooden beam 100B has one covering material 20B that is U-shaped in cross section.

[0075] By applying a single continuous U-shaped metal surface material 40B, the shape and dimensions of the air layer 50, which is U-shaped in cross section, can be maintained even when the metal surface material 40B is fixed to the core material 10 only by the vertical metal shaft member 60A.

[0076] Next, still another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 4. Here, Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of still another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0077] The illustrated wooden beam 100C differs from the wooden beams 100, 100A, and 100B in that a non-flammable surface material 70 is fixed to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 via a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, and the wooden beam 100C is provided with a covering material 20C composed of the wooden surface material 30, the metal surface material 40, and the non-flammable surface material 70.

[0078] Examples of non-flammable surface materials 70 include board materials such as gypsum board, calcium silicate board, cement board, and inorganic fiber board, as well as a fire-resistant paint layer applied to the core side 42 of the metal surface material 40.

[0079] The covering material 20C is provided with the non-combustible surface material 70, which, in combination with the air layer 50, provides a wooden beam with even more excellent fire resistance.

[0080] Although the illustrated example shows a configuration having three covering materials 20C, it may also be a configuration having two covering materials with L-shaped metal surface material 40A (see Figure 2A), or a configuration consisting of one covering material with U-shaped metal surface material 40B (see Figure 3).

[0081] Next, another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 5A and 5B, where Figures 5A and 5B are both longitudinal cross-sectional views perpendicular to the axial direction of another example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0082] The wooden beam 100D shown in Figure 5A differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100C in that each of the three covering materials 20 is connected to the core material 10 by a metal shaft member 60B that does not penetrate the core material 10 but has a portion embedded in a groove 16 provided in the core material 10.

[0083] The metal shaft member 60B has a bolt 65 (another example of a shaft body) with a threaded groove at one end, and a first locking portion 62 and a second locking portion 63 that are screwed into the threaded groove to sandwich the metal surface material 40 therebetween.

[0084] A non-combustible material layer 17 is provided in the groove 16, and a part of the bolt 65 is inserted into the inside of the groove 16 and fixed to the groove 16 via a heat-resistant adhesive or the like.

[0085] In the illustrated example, the metal shaft member 60B connects the three covering materials 20 corresponding to the three side surfaces 11, 12 of the core material 10, but if the covering material has an L-shaped metal surface material, the covering material and the core material 10 may be connected only by the metal shaft member 60B extending horizontally, and if the covering material has a U-shaped metal surface material, the covering material and the core material 10 may be connected only by the metal shaft member 60B extending vertically.

[0086] According to the wooden beam 100D, the wooden beam can be formed using the metal shaft member 60B with the shortest possible length.

[0087] On the other hand, the wooden beam 100E shown in Figure 5B differs from the wooden beam 100D in that the bolt 66 (yet another example of a shaft body) forming the metal shaft member 60C has a non-fixed portion 67 that is not embedded in the groove 16 of the core material 10, and a fixed portion 68 that is bent from the non-fixed portion 67 and is embedded in the groove 16 of the core material 10 and fixed to the core material 10.

[0088] The fixing portion 68 of the bolt 66 is embedded and fixed in the core material 10 in an inclined state, thereby forming a means for preventing the covering material 20 from falling off in the downward X1 direction.

[0089] For example, when the wooden surface material 30, which is the substitute combustion layer, burns and carbonizes during a fire, the metal surface material 40 forming the covering material 20 located below the wooden beam 10E can be prevented from falling by the fixing portion 68, which is embedded and fixed in an inclined position relative to the core material 10.

[0090] Next, with reference to Fig. 6 to Fig. 10, a further example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment will be described. Here, Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 are all longitudinal cross-sectional views perpendicular to the axial direction of the further example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment. Fig. 10A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the further example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment, and Fig. 10B is a view taken along arrow BB in Fig. 10A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the further example of a wooden beam according to an embodiment.

[0091] The wooden beam 100F shown in Figure 6 differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100E in that the metal surface material 40 and the wooden surface material 30 of the underlying covering material 20 are fixed to each other with a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, and are also fastened with multiple fasteners 80.

[0092] Wood screws, nails, etc. can be used as the fasteners 80. In the illustrated example, only the lower covering material 20 has fasteners 80, but the covering materials 20 on the left and right sides may also have fasteners.

[0093] In the wooden beam 100F, in the covering material 20 at the bottom, which is particularly prone to falling, the metal surface material 40 and the wooden surface material 30 are fastened with fasteners 80 in addition to being adhesively fixed, thereby forming a means for preventing the wooden surface material 40 from falling downward in the X2 direction.

[0094] The wooden beam 100G shown in Figure 7 differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100F in that a groove 35 is provided in the area of ​​the wooden surface material 30 where the first engaging portion 62 of the metal shaft member 60, 60A is embedded, and a non-combustible material layer 37 is provided in the groove 35.

[0095] According to the wooden beam 100G, the non-combustible material layer 37 is interposed between the first engaging portion 62 and the wooden surface material 40, which effectively prevents heat from being transferred to the shaft body 61 via the first engaging portion 62 in the event of a fire.

[0096] The wooden beam 100H shown in Figure 8 differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100G in that the upper part of the bolt 61A forming the metal shaft member 60D that vertically connects the core material 10 and the covering material 20 below it protrudes upward from the upper surface 13 of the core material 10, and this protruding portion 64a is embedded as a stud dowel in the concrete floor slab F shown by the dotted line.

[0097] According to the wooden beam 100H, when integrating the wooden beam 100H with the concrete floor slab F, it is not necessary to separately install dowel bars or the like to connect the two, so a composite beam in which the two are integrated can be efficiently constructed.

[0098] The wooden beam 100I shown in Figure 9 differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100H in that a non-combustible material block 90 is attached to the side surface 42 of the core material of the metal surface material 40 (in the illustrated example, the inside of the corner of two metal surface materials 40) corresponding to the joint 34 (an example of a joint portion) which is the joining portion of the wooden surface materials 30, to block the gap that occurs at the joint 34.

[0099] For example, heat during a fire causes the metal shaft member 60 to thermally expand in the horizontal direction X3, and this thermal expansion creates a gap at the joint 34, through which flames can penetrate into the interior of the wooden beam 100I. However, by attaching a non-combustible material block 90 to the area where this gap may occur, the gap that may occur during the thermal expansion of the metal shaft member 60 can be blocked, preventing flames from penetrating into the interior.

[0100] Here, as the non-combustible material block 90, a regular block material made of cement, inorganic fiber, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, or the like can be used.

[0101] The wooden beam 100J shown in Figures 10A and 10B differs from the wooden beams 100 to 100I in that a non-combustible material block 95 having a U-shaped cross section is attached to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 at a position corresponding to the axial joint portion 91.

[0102] According to the wooden beam 100J, even if the wooden beam is opened through the joint portion 91, the inside of the opened area can be blocked with the non-combustible material block 95.

[0103] Although not shown, a non-combustible material block 90 of the wooden beam 100I may be attached to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 corresponding to the joint 34 of the wooden beam 100J. In other words, in this configuration, the non-combustible material blocks 90 and 95 that are perpendicular to each other are attached in an intersecting manner to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40.

[0104] [Wooden pillar according to the embodiment] Next, a wooden column, which is a wooden building member according to the embodiment, will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0105] First, an example of a wooden column according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 11A and Fig. 11B. Fig. 11A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the example of a wooden column according to an embodiment, and Fig. 11B is a view taken along arrow BB in Fig. 11A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of the example of a wooden column according to an embodiment.

[0106] The wooden column 200 (another example of a wooden building component) has a core material 10A, a covering material 20 arranged around the core material 10A with an air layer 50 interposed therebetween, and a metal shaft member 60 that penetrates the air layer 50 and connects the core material 10 and the covering material 20.

[0107] In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the core material 10A perpendicular to the axial direction is a square (an example of a rectangle), but it may be rectangular or the like.

[0108] Since the entire periphery of the wooden pillar 200 may be exposed to fire, four covering materials 20 are arranged on the outside of the four side surfaces 11 of the core material 10A with air layers 50 in between, and the four covering materials 20 are fixed at each joint 34 with a heat-resistant adhesive or the like. In other words, a rectangular frame-shaped covering material made up of four covering materials 20 is arranged on the outer periphery of the core material 10A with a rectangular frame-shaped air layer 50 in between.

[0109] A plurality of metal shaft members 60 extending in mutually perpendicular directions are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the core material 10A, and each metal shaft member 60 is fixed to the core material 10A and connects a corresponding pair of covering materials 20.

[0110] The wooden column 200 has one more covering material 20 than the wooden beam 100, but the manufacturing method thereof is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of the wooden beam 100 already explained.

[0111] According to the wooden pillar 200, an air layer 50, which is a fire-stopping layer, is provided between the core material 10A and the covering material 20, and the covering material 20 is formed from a wooden surface material 30 and a metal surface material 40, thereby making it a wooden pillar with excellent fire resistance while suppressing increases in manufacturing labor and costs.

[0112] Next, another example of a wooden column according to the embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 12 to 14. Here, Figures 12 and 13 are both longitudinal cross-sectional views perpendicular to the axial direction of another example of a wooden column according to the embodiment. Also, Figure 14A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden column according to the embodiment, and Figure 14B is a view taken along arrow BB in Figure 14A, and is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of yet another example of a wooden column according to the embodiment.

[0113] The wooden pole 200A shown in FIG. 12 differs from the wooden pole 200 in that two covering materials 20B that are U-shaped in cross section are disposed on the outside of the four side surfaces 11 of the core material 10.

[0114] The covering material 20B is formed by joining a metal surface material 40B, which is U-shaped in cross section, to the inside of three wood surface materials 30 which are joined together via joints 34.

[0115] The two covering materials 20B are joined together at a seam 34 formed by the abutting end faces of the two ends of each material using a heat-resistant adhesive or the like, thereby forming a covering material having a rectangular frame shape in cross section.

[0116] Since the metal surface materials 40B connected to each other have a U-shape, even when a pair of metal surface materials 40B are fixed to the core material 10A only by a unidirectional metal shaft member 60, the shape and dimensions of the air layer 50, which has a rectangular frame shape in cross section, can be maintained.

[0117] The wooden column 200B shown in Figure 13 differs from the wooden columns 200 and 200A in that non-combustible material blocks 90 are attached to the core side surfaces 42 (corner portions) of the metal panel 40 corresponding to the four joints 34 created when the four wooden panel members 30 are assembled into a rectangular frame.

[0118] By attaching non-combustible material blocks 90 to the corners of the core side surfaces 42 of the four metal surface materials 40, even if the mutually perpendicular metal shaft members 60 thermally expand in the X4 or X5 direction during a fire, causing gaps to form at each joint 34, the gaps can be blocked by the non-combustible material blocks 90, preventing flames from penetrating into the interior of the wooden column 200B.

[0119] The wooden column 200C shown in Figures 14A and 14B differs from the wooden columns 200 to 200B in that a rectangular frame-shaped non-combustible material block 96 is attached to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40 at a position corresponding to the axial joint portion 92.

[0120] According to the wooden pole 200C, even if the wooden pole is opened through the joint portion 92, the inside of the opened area can be blocked with the non-combustible material block 96.

[0121] [Wooden wall according to the embodiment] Next, a wooden wall, which is a wooden building member according to the embodiment, will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0122] First, an example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B. Fig. 15A is a vertical cross-sectional view perpendicular to the width direction of the example of the wooden wall according to the embodiment, and Fig. 15B is a view taken along arrow BB in Fig. 15A, which is a vertical cross-sectional view along the width direction of the example of the wooden wall according to the embodiment.

[0123] The wooden wall 300 (yet another example of a wooden building component) has a planar core material 10B, a pair of planar covering materials 20D arranged opposite a pair of wide surfaces 18 of the core material 10B with an air layer 50 between them, and a metal shaft member 60 that penetrates the air layer 50 and connects the core material 10B and the pair of covering materials 20D.

[0124] The covering material 20D is formed by a wide wooden surface material 30A and a wide metal surface material 40C in the same manner.

[0125] Since the wooden wall 300 has its underside fixed to, for example, foundation beams or beams (inter-floor beams) of the lower floor and its upper surface fixed to beams (inter-floor beams) of the upper floor, the two covering materials 20D facing the pair of wide surfaces 18 of the core material 10B are exposed to flames.

[0126] According to the wooden wall 300, an air layer 50, which is a fire-stopping layer, is provided between the core material 10B and the covering material 20D, and the covering material 20D is formed from a wooden surface material 30A and a metal surface material 40C, thereby providing a wooden pillar with excellent fire resistance while suppressing increases in manufacturing labor and costs.

[0127] Next, another example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B. Fig. 16A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the width direction of another example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment, and Fig. 16B is a view taken along arrow BB in Fig. 16A, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view perpendicular to the width direction of another example of a wooden wall according to an embodiment.

[0128] The wooden wall 300A shown in Figures 16A and 16B differs from the wooden wall 300 in that a linear non-combustible material block 97 is attached to the core side surface 42 of the metal surface material 40C at a position corresponding to the joint portion 93 in the width direction.

[0129] According to the wooden wall 300A, even if the wooden wall opens through the joints 93, the inside of the open area can be blocked with the non-combustible material blocks 97.

[0130] The present invention is not limited to the configurations shown here, and other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations described in the above embodiments. In this regard, the present invention can be modified within the scope of the present invention, and can be appropriately determined depending on the application form. [Explanation of symbols]

[0131] 10, 10A, 10B: Core material 11: Side 12: Bottom (side) 13:Top (side) 15:Through hole 16: Groove 17: Non-combustible material layer 18: Wide surface 20~20D: Covering material 30, 30A: Wood surface material (burning substitute layer) 31: Side 32: End face 34, 34A: Joint (joint) 35: Groove 37: Non-combustible material layer 40, 40A, 40B: Metal surface material 41:Outer surface 42: Core side 50: Air layer (burnout layer) 60~60D: Metal shaft parts 61, 61A: Shaft body (bolt) 62: First locking part (nut) 63: Second locking part (nut) 64: Third locking part 65, 66: Shaft body (bolt) 67: Non-fixed part 68: Fixing part 70: Non-flammable surface material 71: Core side 80: Fastener 90, 95, 96, 97: Non-combustible blocks 91, 92, 93: Joint section 100~100J: Wooden beam (wooden building material) 200~200C: Wooden pillars (wooden building materials) 300, 300A: Wooden walls (wooden building materials) F: Concrete floor slab

Claims

1. A wooden building component in which a covering material having at least a wooden surface material is arranged around a core material, The covering material is formed by the wood surface material located on the outside and the metal surface material located on the core material side, an air layer is provided between the core material and the covering material, A wooden building component, characterized in that a metal shaft member penetrates the air layer and connects the core material and the covering material.

2. The wooden building component described in claim 1, characterized in that the metal shaft member comprises a shaft body, a first engaging portion that engages with the outer surface of the metal surface material at the end of the shaft body, and a second engaging portion that has an insertion hole through which the shaft body is inserted and is engaged with the side surface of the core material of the metal surface material, and that sandwiches the covering material together with the first engaging portion.

3. 3. The wooden building member according to claim 2, wherein a non-combustible material layer is provided around the fixing portion of the metal shaft member that is fixed to the core member.

4. The wooden building component according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal shaft member penetrates the core material and is fixed to the core material, while connecting the core material to a pair of the covering materials that face each other across the core material.

5. The wooden building component according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal shaft member penetrates the core material, is fixed to the core material, and connects the core material to one of the covering materials facing the core material.

6. 4. The wooden building member according to claim 3, wherein one or more of said metal shaft members are embedded in said core member without penetrating said core member.

7. A wooden building component as described in claim 6, characterized in that the fixed portion of the metal shaft member, which is embedded inside the core material and fixed to the core material, is bent from the non-fixed portion that is not embedded in the core material, thereby forming a means for preventing the covering material from falling off.

8. In the covering material, the wood surface material and the metal surface material are fixed to each other with an adhesive, A wooden building component according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that in part or all of the covering material, the wooden surface material and the metal surface material are further fastened with fasteners, which form a means for preventing the wooden surface material from falling off.

9. A wooden building component as described in any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the covering material is formed by joining multiple wooden surface materials to each other through joints, and a non-combustible material block is provided on the covering material side of the joints to block any gaps that occur in the joints.

10. A wooden building component as described in claim 5, characterized in that the end of the metal shaft member opposite the covering material protrudes from the core material, and the protruding portion of the metal shaft member is embedded in a concrete floor slab.

11. 3. The wooden building member according to claim 1, wherein the covering material further comprises a non-combustible surface material on the core side of the metal surface material.

12. The wooden building member is The cross section of the core material perpendicular to the axial direction is rectangular, and the covering material has a U-shaped cross section and is disposed on the outside of three side surfaces of the core material. Alternatively, The cross section of the core material perpendicular to the axial direction is rectangular, and the covering material is arranged in the shape of a rectangular frame on the outside of the four side surfaces of the core material. Alternatively, 7. The wooden building member according to claim 4, wherein the wooden building member is a wooden wall, and a pair of planar covering materials are disposed opposite a pair of wide surfaces of the planar core material.

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