Processing method for biomass organic waste and obtained water-soluble organic fertilizer

Abstract

To provide a processing method for biomass organic waste in the field of highly efficient resource production of biomass organic waste and an obtained water-soluble organic fertilizer.SOLUTION: A processing method for biomass organic waste adopted in the present application includes crushing biomass organic waste, followed by adding a catalyst comprising multiple kinds of metallic compounds, heating to 140°C-160°C, applying a pressure to 0.8 MPa-1.4 MPa, conducting a catalyst hydrolysis reaction for 30 min.-60 min. to obtain a low molecular organic matter; by adding a mineral element to the obtained low molecular organic matter, and by supersonic wave chelate, a water-soluble organic fertilizer is obtained. This method has high efficiency, is safe, and can process biomass organic waste at low cost, and moreover, this method can produce a water-soluble organic fertilizer which is advantageous for plant growth.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of highly efficient resource recovery treatment of biomass organic waste, and in particular to a method for treating biomass organic waste and the resulting water-soluble organic fertilizer. [Background technology]

[0002] Biomass organic waste as described in this application refers to various wastes not needed by humans, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, including, but not limited to, kitchen waste, fallen plant leaves, aquatic algae waste, etc. This type of waste is usually organic waste that is easily putrefied, and is characterized by complex components, high water content, and high organic content, making it prone to the proliferation of harmful bacteria, the spread of disease, and environmental pollution. Currently, there are several methods for treating this type of waste, as follows: 1. Landfilling: This method occupies land resources and has serious problems of secondary pollution such as leachate and landfill gas. 2. Feed: This method is limited by its preparation method, and it is difficult to completely eliminate harmful bacteria and viruses, and multiple macromolecular components cannot be completely treated. 3. Composting: This method requires a relatively large amount of land, is prone to secondary pollution, and has poor fertilizing effect, making it difficult to popularize in the market. 4. Anaerobic production of biogas from biomass organic waste: This method is relatively less stable, and the biogas slurry and biogas residue are prone to secondary pollution.

[0003] The above-mentioned existing waste disposal methods all have their shortcomings, and with the development of humankind, the amount of this type of waste is obviously increasing, so there is a need for an efficient, safe, and low-cost disposal method. Summary of the Invention Problems that the invention aims to solve and means for solving the problems

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present application provides a treatment method and an equipment system that can treat biomass organic waste efficiently, safely, and at low cost, and furthermore, the method can also produce water-soluble organic fertilizer that is beneficial to plant growth.

[0005] The method for treating biomass organic waste adopted in this application involves crushing the biomass organic waste, adding a catalyst, heating it to 140°C to 160°C, pressurizing it to 0.8MPa to 1.4MPa, and carrying out a catalytic hydrolysis reaction for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain low molecular weight organic matter; adding mineral elements to the obtained low molecular weight organic matter, and obtaining water-soluble organic fertilizer through the dual effects of ultrasonic chelating and high-speed mechanical shearing. The catalyst is composed of the following components in parts by weight: The composition is 3 to 7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 6 to 21 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 to 8 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 to 16 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 15 to 55 parts by weight of vermiculite.

[0006] In this application, biomass organic waste is first crushed to a certain particle size, then a specific catalyst is added, and the mixture is heated and pressurized to the subcritical state of water. Under the action of the catalyst, the contained high molecular weight organic matter is decomposed into low molecular weight organic matter, such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids, after a certain period of catalytic reaction. The biomass organic waste is then directly or indirectly heated to a temperature and pressure that reaches the subcritical state of water. Under the action of the catalyst, the subcritical water and materials are more easily excited and release hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions attack the oxygen bridges of the high molecular weight organic matter in the material, cleaving the molecular bonds to form single water molecules, simultaneously decomposing the high molecular weight organic matter into low molecular weight organic matter. Furthermore, in this processing method, after the low molecular weight organic matter is obtained, mineral elements are attached to the cleaved oxygen bridges, forming a chelate-type water-soluble organic fertilizer, which can promote plant growth.

[0007] The catalysts used in the above process are prepared by mixing metal compounds and grinding them into powder, as previously described. Each component is prepared on a parts by weight basis, and each component can be commercially available.

[0008] In the treatment method of the present application, the heating temperature can reach 140°C to 160°C, and preferably, for example, 145°C, 150°C, or 155°C. The pressure can reach 0.8 to 1.4 MPa, and preferably, for example, 1.0 MPa or 1.2 MPa. The catalytic hydrolysis reaction time can reach 30 to 60 minutes, and preferably, for example, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, or 55 minutes.

[0009] In addition, the treatment method of this application adopts ultrasonic chelating method, which can not only chelate low molecular weight organic matter and mineral elements to form chelating water-soluble organic fertilizer, but also cleave the covalent bonds in the organic matter under the action of ultrasound, thereby decomposing more high molecular weight organic matter into low molecular weight organic matter.Furthermore, ultrasonic method can also inhibit the aggregation of material particles, disperse the material evenly, and improve the stability of the product.

[0010] In addition, the biomass organic waste used in the treatment method of this application can be extracted from a diverse mixed waste in a rational manner. Since most wastes coexist, the biomass organic waste used in the treatment method of this application can be extracted from the diverse mixed waste using methods such as air separation, wet separation, and magnetic separation. Among these, air separation can remove light materials such as paper and plastic film, wet separation can remove waste materials such as glass, ceramics, hard plastics, and bamboo chips, and magnetic separation can remove waste materials containing iron. By using the above methods to separate biomass organic waste from a diverse mixed waste, the mass ratio of biomass organic waste in the obtained material can reach 97% or more.

[0011] Additionally, in the treatment method of the present application, plastic particles, metals, etc., which may be contained in the product obtained by the catalytic hydrolysis reaction, can also be removed. Alternatively, metals, particles, etc. derived from the catalyst itself can be removed, thereby obtaining further refined low-molecular-weight organic matter and water-soluble organic fertilizer.

[0012] The treatment method of the present application can obtain water-soluble organic fertilizer beneficial to plants through the above-mentioned method, and the treatment method itself does not discharge organic solid waste, waste liquid, or waste gas, and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment, and is relatively low cost, safe, and highly efficient.

[0013] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the low molecular weight organic matter obtained by the above-mentioned treatment method may contain low molecular weight substances such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids in a weight fraction of 95% or more; particularly preferably, the weight fraction is 95.2% or more, or 97.3% or more.

[0014] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass organic waste can be selected as (0.1-0.5):100. Under normal circumstances, the higher the catalyst ratio, the faster the reaction. The corresponding catalyst ratio can be determined based on the components of the raw material, thereby achieving the optimal reaction effect.

[0015] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the biomass organic waste can be crushed to a certain degree, for example, crushed to a particle size not exceeding 0.5 cm, which is advantageous for the rapid progress of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction, thereby shortening the catalytic hydrolysis reaction time and reducing energy consumption costs.

[0016] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of low molecular weight organic matter and mineral elements can be adjusted based on the needs of plants, preferably 100:(5-20), thereby adapting to a relatively wide range of plants.

[0017] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic chelating can be adjusted based on the ratio of the low molecular weight content in the low molecular weight organic substance obtained by the catalytic hydrolysis reaction described above, for example, the higher the low molecular weight content, the lower the ultrasonic frequency, and the lower the low molecular weight content, the higher the ultrasonic frequency. The ultrasonic generators located at the bottom and side of the chelating device form a 90-degree included angle, and the ultrasonic frequency of the bottom ultrasonic generator is usually preferably 60 KHZ to 120 KHZ, and the frequency of the side ultrasonic generator is preferably 120 KHZ to 200 KHZ.

[0018] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic wave radiation position in the ultrasonic chelator includes the bottom and side, and the bottom and side refer to the bottom and side of the device that contains the low molecular weight organic matter and mineral elements. The specific position, quantity, distance, etc. of the ultrasonic device can also be adjusted according to the proportion of low molecular weight content in the low molecular weight organic matter.

[0019] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained by the dual action of ultrasonic chelating and high-speed mechanical shearing should have a higher content of small molecules, in addition to mineral elements, than that of low-molecular-weight organic matter not subjected to ultrasonic chelating, preferably by 0.2% to 0.5% by weight. For example, the water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained contains, in addition to mineral elements, small molecules such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids at a weight fraction of 95.5% or more.

[0020] An apparatus system employing any of the aforementioned treatment methods, and a water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained by employing any of the aforementioned treatment methods, are both within the scope of this application. The apparatus system includes a crusher, a heat-pressure reactor, a chelating device, and an ultrasonic device. After biomass organic waste is crushed in the crusher, a catalyst is added, and the mixture is heated to 140°C to 160°C in a heat-pressure reactor, pressurized to 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa, and a catalytic hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain low-molecular-weight organic matter. Mineral elements are added to the resulting low-molecular-weight organic matter, and chelation is carried out under the dual action of ultrasonic waves emitted by an ultrasonic device in a chelating device and high-speed mechanical shearing, thereby obtaining a water-soluble organic fertilizer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the processing method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described below in a clear and complete manner in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. It is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and do not represent all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown herein can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the processing method of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, lightweight materials such as paper and plastics are removed from a multi-type mixed waste by wind separation, metals are removed by magnetic separation, waste materials such as fluorescent lamps and batteries are removed by manual separation, and waste materials such as glass, ceramics, bricks, and wood are removed by wet separation. A catalyst is added to the resulting biomass organic waste, and the mixture is heated and pressurized to undergo catalytic hydrolysis, yielding low-molecular-weight organic matter. Mineral elements are added to the resulting low-molecular-weight organic matter, and water-soluble organic fertilizer is obtained through the dual action of ultrasonic chelating and high-speed mechanical shearing. Furthermore, after the catalytic hydrolysis, residual plastic particles, metals, and other residues can be separated and removed. Even if the waste contains a small amount of paper, it can be decomposed into low-molecular-weight organic matter by catalytic hydrolysis. The final low-molecular-weight organic matter mainly contains, for example, amino acids, oligopeptides, and oligosaccharides. The multi-type mixed waste originates from household waste, plant leaves, water-polluting waste, and other sources.

[0024] Using the processing method shown in Figure 1, catalytic hydrolysis reactions were performed under different parameters to prepare the corresponding water-soluble organic fertilizers, and the degree to which the catalyst decomposed them into low-molecular-weight organic substances was measured. The biomass organic waste used was a collection of waste products after wind sorting, magnetic sorting, manual sorting, and wet sorting, and can be specifically divided into several groups. Each group used different materials and parameters, which can be seen in the table below. Each group corresponds to one example.

[0025] [Table 1]

[0026] 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the above table are combinations of different ratios in the catalyst composition. 1.5 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 11 parts by weight of manganese borate, 7 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 12 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 28 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 34 parts by weight of vermiculite. 2.7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 9 parts by weight of manganese borate, 5 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 35 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 31 parts by weight of vermiculite. 3.6 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 7 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 15 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 21 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 43 parts by weight of vermiculite. 4.3 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 20 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of ruthenium acetate, 33 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 30 parts by weight of vermiculite. 5.4 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 17 parts by weight of manganese borate, 6 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 10 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 30 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 31 parts by weight of vermiculite.

[0027] In the above Examples 1 to 5, the ratios of the specific parameters used in each group of Examples are slightly different. That is, Example 1 in the above table can process the same lot of biomass organic waste using different parameter ratios in the table below, resulting in Examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, and the following can be inferred by analogy. In the table below, the mass ratio of the catalyst and biomass organic waste is X, the maximum particle size after crushing the biomass organic waste is Y, the mass ratio of low molecular weight organic matter and mineral elements is Z, the ultrasonic frequency on the side of the device for ultrasonic chelating is 180 KHZ, and the ultrasonic frequency on the bottom is H. In each of the above Examples, the mass ratio of each low molecular weight organic matter in the low molecular weight organic matter obtained using different specific parameter ratios to the total organic matter is d1, and the mass ratio of each low molecular weight organic matter in the water-soluble organic fertilizer to the total amount of fertilizer on a dry basis is d2.

[0028] [Table 2]

[0029] The economic effects of each of the above-mentioned methods for treating biomass organic waste are exemplified below. Example 1-1: 963 kg of low molecular weight organic matter was produced from 1 ton of biomass organic waste by catalytic hydrolysis. The low molecular weight organic matter was soluble organic matter composed mainly of substances with molecular weights of 200 to 3,000 daltons, such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. The dual action of ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing allowed the low molecular weight organic matter to form coordinate bonds with trace elements, etc., and chelate 5 to 20 mass percent of the trace elements.

[0030] As described in the above examples, the biomass organic waste treatment method of the present application can decompose biomass organic waste into low-molecular-weight organic compounds with high efficiency, without producing wastewater, solid waste, or waste gas throughout the entire process, with a high utilization rate of bioatoms, and is safe and effective. The treatment method of the present application is completely sealed throughout the entire process, eliminating secondary pollution from organic waste gas, wastewater, solid waste, etc. The entire process takes less than six hours, making it easy to achieve continuous industrial operation and requiring a small amount of land. The biomass organic waste is sufficiently decomposed, with over 95% being converted into low-molecular-weight organic compounds. The product is completely water-soluble and is suitable for modern agricultural models such as greenhouse agriculture, soilless cultivation, and integrated water and fertilizer management.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not limit the present application. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The process involves crushing biomass organic waste, adding a catalyst, heating the mixture to 140-160°C, pressurizing it to 0.8-1.4 MPa, and carrying out catalytic hydrolysis for 30-60 minutes to obtain low molecular weight organic matter; adding mineral elements to the obtained low molecular weight organic matter, and obtaining water-soluble organic fertilizer through the dual action of ultrasonic chelating and high-speed mechanical shearing; The catalyst is composed of the following parts by weight of components: A method for treating biomass organic waste, characterized in that the mixture is 3 to 7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 6 to 21 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 to 8 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 to 16 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 15 to 55 parts by weight of vermiculite.

2. 2. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the low-molecular-weight organic matter contains low-molecular-weight substances such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids in a weight fraction of 95% or more.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass organic waste is (0.1-0.5):

100.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomass organic waste is crushed to a particle size not exceeding 0.5 cm.

5. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the low molecular weight organic matter to the mineral element is 100:(5-20).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic chelation is 60 KHZ to 200 KHZ.

7. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic emitting positions in the ultrasonic chelate include a bottom surface and a side surface.

8. 8. An apparatus system employing the treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a crusher, a heat-and-pressure reactor, a chelating device, and an ultrasonic device; wherein biomass organic waste is crushed in the crusher, a catalyst is added, and the biomass organic waste is heated to 140°C to 160°C in the heat-and-pressure reactor, pressurized to 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa, and a catalytic hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain low-molecular-weight organic matter; and wherein mineral elements are added to the obtained low-molecular-weight organic matter, and chelation is carried out under the dual action of emitting ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic device in a chelating device and performing high-speed mechanical shearing, thereby obtaining a water-soluble organic fertilizer.

9. A water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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