Display system

Abstract

To provide a display system that makes it possible to estimate how many times a composite material needs to be photographed.SOLUTION: A display system includes an input unit, a variation calculation unit, and a display unit. The input unit allows input of a composition ratio of a filler in a composite material containing a polymer and the filler. The variation calculation unit is configured to calculate variation in the composition ratio of the filler in an image or a set of images obtained by photographing the composite material one or more times by a simulation simulating dispersion of the filler in the composite material. The display unit is configured to display the number of photographs taken and the variation calculated by the variation calculation unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to display systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a method for evaluating a polymer compound using a focused ion beam. Patent Document 2 describes a method for evaluating a composite material using a scanning electron microscope. The composite material contains a filler and a polymer. To observe the morphology of the composite material, the composite material may be photographed using a scanning probe microscope or the like to obtain an image. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-163480 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-148491 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Because the field of view of images taken with a scanning probe microscope is narrow, the ratio of fillers, etc., in a single image taken does not necessarily correspond to the ratio of the fillers in the entire composite material. Therefore, in order to properly evaluate a composite material, multiple images must be taken. However, it has been difficult to estimate how many images are needed.

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, it is preferable to provide a display system that allows for estimation of how many photographs of the composite material need to be taken. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is a display system including: an input unit capable of inputting a filler content ratio in a composite material containing a polymer and a filler; a variation calculation unit configured to calculate a variation in the filler content ratio in an image or a collection of images obtained by photographing the composite material one or more times by simulating the dispersion of the filler in the composite material; and a display unit configured to display the number of photographs taken and the variation calculated by the variation calculation unit.

[0007] One aspect of the present disclosure is a display system that calculates the variability of the filler content ratio in an image or set of images obtained by photographing a composite material one or more times. The display system can display the number of photographs taken and the calculated variability. By viewing the display, a user can estimate how many photographs are needed to bring the variability within an acceptable range.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a display system including: an input unit capable of inputting an area S and a content ratio of the filler in a composite material containing a polymer and a filler; a variation calculation unit configured to calculate the variation in the number of the filler in an image or a collection of images obtained by taking one or more photographs of the composite material with an area of ​​a photographing field of view of the area S, by simulating the dispersion of the filler in the composite material; and a display unit configured to display the area S, the number of photographs taken, and the variation calculated by the variation calculation unit.

[0009] A display system according to another aspect of the present disclosure calculates the variation in the number of fillers in an image or a collection of images obtained by photographing a composite material one or more times, the photographing field of view of which is area S. The display system can display the area S, the number of photographs taken, and the calculated variation. By viewing the display, a user can estimate how many photographs are required to bring the variation within an acceptable range. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a display system. [Figure 2] FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a graph displayed on a display unit. [Figure 3] 10 is a flowchart showing a process executed by the display system. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a simulation of filler dispersion in a composite material. [Figure 5] 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a set of numbers of simulated fillers and simulated polymers calculated for each of a plurality of cells, respectively. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a table displayed on a display unit. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a graph displayed by a display system according to another embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a table displayed by a display system according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings. First Embodiment 1. Configuration of Display System 1 The configuration of the display system 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The display system 1 includes an input unit 3, a variation calculation unit 5, and a display unit 7.

[0012] The input unit 3 is a member that can input data and includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, a voice input device, a switch, a button, and the like. The amount ratio of the filler in a composite material containing a polymer and a filler is one example of data that can be input to the input unit 3. Examples of the amount ratio include a volume ratio and a mass ratio.

[0013] Examples of the polymer include EVA, modified rubber, and polyfunctional acrylate. Examples of the filler include magnesium hydroxide. The composite material is produced, for example, by mixing raw materials including the polymer and the filler using a kneader or the like.

[0014] The area S can be input to the input unit 3. The area S is the area of ​​the field of view in one image obtained by photographing the composite material once with the photographing member. The area S is, for example, 10 4 μm 2 The shape of the field of view may be square or rectangular. Examples of imaging tools include a microscope that can separate and observe the filler. Examples of imaging tools include a scanning probe microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope. The input unit 3 may be capable of inputting other data in addition to the filler amount ratio and area S.

[0015] The variation calculation unit 5 calculates the variation. The variation is as follows. It is assumed that a composite material is photographed with a photographing member to obtain an image. When photographing, the area of ​​the photographing field of view is area S.

[0016] The number of times of shooting is one or more. When the number of times of shooting is one, one image is obtained. When the number of times of shooting is n, a set of n images is obtained, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to two. For example, each of the n images is an image taken of a different field of view from the other images.

[0017] Next, it is assumed that the amount of filler is calculated for one or more obtained images. If one image is obtained, the amount of filler is calculated for that one image. If n images are obtained, the amount of filler is calculated for the entire set of n images. The variation is the statistical variation in the filler amount ratio calculated in this way.

[0018] The variation calculation unit 5 calculates the variation by simulating the dispersion of the filler in the composite material. The method of calculating the variation will be described later. The display unit 7 is a display capable of displaying images. The display unit 7 displays the number of times of shooting and the variance calculated by the variance calculation unit 5. The display unit 7 displays, for example, the graph shown in FIG.

[0019] The horizontal axis of the graph represents the number of times the image was taken. The vertical axis of the graph represents the volume ratio of the filler for the corresponding number of times the image was taken. The black dots in the graph represent the average value AV of the volume ratio of the filler. F In the graph shown in Figure 2, the length of the error bar when the number of shots is one is the standard deviation σ F In the graph shown in Figure 2, the length of the error bar when the number of shots is n is the standard deviation σ F In other words, in the graph shown in Figure 2, the number of shots and the standard deviation σ F , σ F / √n is displayed in correspondence with it.

[0020] Average value AV F , and standard deviation σ F , σ F / √n will be explained later. The standard deviation σ F , σ F / √n corresponds to the variation in the filler content ratio in an image or a set of images obtained by taking one or more photographs of the composite material with an area of ​​the photographed field of view of area S.

[0021] In the graph in Figure 2, the average AV F and the standard deviation σ F , σ F In other words, in the graph of Figure 2, for each of the multiple cases where the number of shots is different, the average value AV F and the standard deviation σ F , σ F It represents / √n.

[0022] 2. Processing performed by the display system 1 The processing executed by the display system 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In step S1 of FIG. 3, data is input to the input unit 3. For example, a user can input data to the input unit 3. The data includes the volume ratio R and area S of the filler in a composite material containing a polymer and a filler. The volume ratio R of the filler is the value obtained by dividing the volume of the filler contained in the composite material by the total volume of the composite material. For example, the volume of the filler can be calculated from the mass (amount blended) and density of the filler. The same applies to the volume of the polymer. The volume ratio R corresponds to the quantity ratio.

[0023] In step S2, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the variation by simulating the dispersion of the filler in the composite material. Specifically, the following process is performed. In the following process, the variation is calculated using a standard deviation σ F , σ F Calculate / √n.

[0024] The variation calculation unit 5 assumes a simulated kneader 11 shown in SA in Fig. 4. The simulated kneader 11 is a collection of a plurality of cells 13. The greater the number of cells 13, the greater the standard deviation σ F , σ F This provides high accuracy in calculating / √n. The number of cells 13 is preferably 25 (for example, 5 × 5) or more, and more preferably 100 (for example, 10 × 10) or more. The upper limit of the number of cells 13 is preferably 2500 (for example, 50 × 50) or less, and more preferably 900 (for example, 30 × 30) or less, so as not to increase the processing load too much. Each cell 13 corresponds to one image obtained by performing one shooting operation in which the area of ​​the field of view is area S.

[0025] Next, the variation calculation unit 5 places simulated fillers MF and simulated polymers MP in each of the cells 13 so that the following conditions J1 to J2 are met. One simulated filler MF represents one filler. One simulated polymer MP represents one polymer.

[0026] (J1) The following equation (1) holds true: Equation (1) N MF / (N MP +N MF )=R In equation (1), N MF is the total number of all simulated fillers MF in the simulated kneader 11. MP is the total number of all simulated polymers MP in the simulated kneader 11. R is the volume ratio R of the filler input in step S1.

[0027] (J2) In any cell 13, the total number of simulated fillers MF and simulated polymers MP in one cell 13 is the storage capacity NL. The accommodation number NL is a number representing the total number of fillers and polymers present in one image obtained by photographing in which the area of ​​the photographing field of view is area S. Therefore, the accommodation number NL is a number proportional to the area S. The variation calculation unit 5 sets the accommodation number NL according to the area S input in step S1. The variation calculation unit 5 is equipped with, for example, a function that outputs the accommodation number NL when the area S is input. The variation calculation unit 5 obtains the accommodation number NL by inputting the area S input in step S1 into this function.

[0028] The number of fillers stored in the function, NL, can be determined, for example, as follows: A single image is actually taken of the composite material obtained by thorough mixing. The area of ​​the photographed field of view is S. In the image obtained by photographing, the number of fillers, N F Calculate the number of fillers N F can be calculated by visually counting, for example. F :V P The capacity NL corresponding to the area S is calculated using the following formula (2).

[0029] In the following, the number of fillers N F There are 69 pieces, and the volume ratio is V F is 45% and the area S is 25 μm 2The case where the dimensions are (5 μm×5 μm) will be described. According to the following formula (2), the number of ML contained in one cell 13 is 153.333 (= 69 × (45 + 55) / 45), but for the convenience of the simulation, this was rounded to an integer, and NL = 153 was used. Furthermore, 68.85 simulated fillers MF (= 153 × 0.45) and 84.15 simulated polymers MP (= NL - MF) are contained per cell 13. In this embodiment, the calculated number of ML contained in one cell was used to calculate the number of simulated fillers MF again, but the number of simulated fillers MF was also calculated by multiplying the number of fillers N by the number of fillers N. F In this case, the number of simulated fillers MF per square 13 is 69 (=N F ) and 84 simulated polymer MPs (=NL-N F ) and the capacity is 153 NL.

[0030] The number of containers NL is, for example, when the area S is 100 μm 2 If the particle size is (10 μm × 10 μm), the number of particles will be 612 (= 153 × 100 / 25). If the amount of filler mixed is reduced to half of the above condition, that is, if the volume ratio V F is 22.5% and the area S is 25 μm 2 In the case where the size of the matrix is ​​(5 μm × 5 μm), the number of NL contained in one cell 13 is 153, and 34.425 (= 153 × 0.225) simulated fillers MF are contained in one cell 13, and 118.575 (= 153 - 34.425) simulated polymers MP are contained in one cell 13. F ) to prepare composite materials and change the number of fillers N F Then, the capacity NL corresponding to the area S may be calculated using equation (2).

[0031] Equation (2) NL=N F ×((V F +V P ) / V F ) Next, the variation calculation unit 5 performs an exchange process. The exchange process is a process of exchanging any simulated filler MF or simulated polymer MP contained in any cell 13 with any simulated filler MF or simulated polymer MP contained in any adjacent cell 13, as shown in SA in FIG. 4. The exchange process simulates the process of mixing a composite material in an actual kneader. Here, the exchange process was performed under the following conditions: the total number of cells 13 was 400 (20 × 20), the total number of simulated filler MF was 27,540 (68.85 × 400), the total number of simulated polymer MP was 33,660 (84.15 × 400), and the number of cells accommodated NL was 153 ((27,540 + 33,660) / 400).

[0032] The variation calculation unit 5 repeats the replacement process a sufficient number of times. As a result, the simulated filler MF and simulated polymer MP are dispersed evenly throughout the simulated kneader 11, as shown by SB in Fig. 4. Each mass 13 shown by SB in Fig. 4 corresponds to an image obtained by taking a single photograph of the composite material with a field of view of area S in a state in which the filler and polymer are dispersed evenly throughout the composite material.

[0033] Next, as shown in Fig. 5A, for example, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the number of simulative fillers MF in one cell 13 for each cell 13. In the example shown in Fig. 5A, the set obtained as the numbers of simulative fillers MF in one cell 13 is 60, 61, 70, 73, 64, 58, 76, 64, 72, etc.

[0034] 5B, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the number of simulative polymers MP in one cell 13 for each cell 13. In the example shown in FIG. 5B, the set obtained as the numbers of simulative polymers MP in one cell 13 is 93, 92, 83, 80, 89, 95, 77, 89, 81, etc. In the examples shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the storage capacity NL is 153.

[0035] Next, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the average value NAV of the set of numbers of simulated fillers MF calculated for each of all the cells 13. F and the standard deviation Nσ in the set of numbers of simulated fillers MF calculated for all masses 13 F and calculate.

[0036] The dispersion calculation unit 5 calculates the average value NAV of the set of numbers of simulated polymers MP calculated for each of all the masses 13. M and the standard deviation Nσ in the set of numbers of simulated polymer MPs calculated for all masses 13 P and calculate.

[0037] Next, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the average value NAV of the number of simulated fillers MF. F By dividing by the number of fillings NL, the average volume ratio of filler AV F In addition, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the standard deviation Nσ F Dividing by the number of fillings NL gives the standard deviation σ of the filler volume ratio. F Calculate the standard deviation σ F is the standard deviation of the filler volume ratio in a single image obtained by taking a single photograph of the composite material with the filler and polymer dispersed evenly throughout the composite material, with the field of view of area S.

[0038] The dispersion calculation unit 5 calculates the average value NAV of the number of simulated polymer MPs. P By dividing by the number of containers NL, the average volume ratio of the polymer AV P In addition, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the standard deviation Nσ P Dividing by the capacity NL gives the standard deviation σ of the polymer volume ratio. P Calculate the standard deviation σ P is the standard deviation of the volume fraction of polymer in a single image obtained by taking a single photograph with a field of view of area S, in a state where the filler and polymer are evenly dispersed throughout the composite material.

[0039] Next, the variation calculation unit 5 calculates the standard deviation σ F Dividing by √n gives the standard deviation σ of the filler volume ratio in a set of n images obtained by taking n images with an area of ​​the field of view of S. F Calculate / √n.

[0040] The variation calculation unit 5 also calculates the standard deviation σ P Dividing by √n gives the standard deviation σ of the polymer volume ratio in a set of n images obtained by taking n images with an area of ​​the field of view of S. P Calculate / √n.

[0041] In step S3, the display unit 7 displays the number of times of photography, the area S of the field of view of photography, and the standard deviation σ calculated in step S2. F , σ F For example, the display unit 7 displays the graph shown in Figure 2. Standard deviation σ F / √2 is the standard deviation σ F Smaller than the standard deviation σ F The larger n is, the smaller / √n becomes. If the imaging magnification is fixed, the display of the area S of the imaging field of view on the display unit 7 and the input of the area S in step S1 may be omitted.

[0042] The display unit 7 displays the number of times of shooting and the standard deviation σ F , σ F For example, the number of times the image was taken is displayed as 1, and the standard deviation is σ F The standard deviation σ F is the variation in the filler content ratio when the number of photographs taken is one. Also, the indication that the number of photographs taken is n is based on the standard deviation σ F / √n. Standard deviation σ F / √n is the variation in the filler content ratio when the number of photographs taken is n. 2 For example, when the area S is doubled (i.e., 50 μm2 ), the average value of the filler content ratio (average volume ratio AV F ) does not change, and its variation is 1 / √2 times. The first case is when the volume ratio R of the filler input in step S1 is 45%. The second case is when the volume ratio R of the filler input in step S1 is 22.5% and the other conditions are the same as in the first case. In the second case, the volume ratio R of the filler is half that of the first case. In the second case, the average value of the filler amount ratio (average volume ratio AV F ) is multiplied by 1 / 2, and the variation is √(1 / 2).

[0043] 3. Benefits of Display System 1 (1A) Display system 1 has a standard deviation σ F , σ F The display system 1 can calculate and display the standard deviation σ F , σ F The number of shots corresponding to / √n can be displayed. By looking at the display, the user can determine the standard deviation σ F , σ F It is possible to estimate how many shots are required to keep / √n within an acceptable range. This also prevents users from taking more shots than necessary. As a result, it is possible to reduce the time and cost of taking shots.

[0044] (1B) As shown in FIG. 2, the display system 1 displays an average value AV F and the standard deviation σ F , σ F By looking at the display, the user can know the approximate range of the volume ratio of the filler in the image before taking a picture, and can predict the image that will be obtained.

[0045] (1C) The area S is, for example, 10 4 μm 2 In this case, the display system 1 can be used to capture an image of a small area. (1D) As shown in Figure 2, the standard deviation σ F , σ F The more times you take a photo, the smaller the standard deviation σ F , σ F / √n can be reduced. <Other embodiments> Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be implemented in various modified forms.

[0046] (1) In the first embodiment, the quantity ratio may be something other than a volume ratio, and may be, for example, a mass ratio. (2) The simulation method may be different from that in the first embodiment.

[0047] (3) The display format on the display unit 7 may be other formats. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, F , and standard deviation σ F , σ F In the display of Fig. 6, σ is σ when the number of times of photography is one. F If the number of shots is n, then σ F / √n.

[0048] In the display of Figure 6, the number of shots and the standard deviation σ F , σ F For example, the number of times the image was taken is displayed as 1, and the standard deviation is σ F The standard deviation σ F is the variation in the filler content ratio when the number of photographs taken is one. Also, the indication that the number of photographs taken is n is based on the standard deviation σ F / √n. Standard deviation σ F / √n is the variation in the filler amount ratio when the number of shots is n.

[0049] (4) The variability is the standard deviation σ F , σ FFor example, the standard deviation σ F squared, σ F / √n squared, etc. can be used. (5) In the first embodiment, the display system 1 uses the average value AV of the volume ratio of the filler calculated by the variation calculation unit 5. F , and the standard deviation σ in the volume fraction of the filler F , σ F / √n is displayed, which is the average value NAV of the set of numbers of simulated fillers MF calculated in each of all the masses 13, calculated by the variation calculation unit 5. F and the standard deviation Nσ in the set of numbers of simulated fillers MF calculated for all masses 13 F , Nσ F / √n may also be displayed.

[0050] Display system 1 displays the average NAV F and standard deviation Nσ F , Nσ F An example of a graph showing NAV / √n is shown in Figure 7. The horizontal axis of the graph in Figure 7 represents the number of shots taken. The vertical axis of the graph in Figure 7 represents the number of fillers for the corresponding number of shots taken. The black dots in the graph represent the average value of the number of fillers NAV F In the graph shown in Figure 7, the length of the error bar when the number of shots is one is the standard deviation Nσ F In the graph shown in Figure 7, the length of the error bar when the number of shots is n is the standard deviation Nσ F It represents / √n.

[0051] Display system 1 displays the number of shots, average NAV F , and standard deviation Nσ F , Nσ F An example of / √n displayed in table format is shown in Fig. 8. In the display of Fig. 8, Nσ is Nσ when the number of shots is one. F If the number of shots is n, then Nσ F / √n.

[0052] It is preferable that the display system 1 displays both the size (area S) of the cell 13 and the volume ratio of the filler in the composite material, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. In Figures 7 and 8, "filler: 45%" represents the volume ratio of the filler in the composite material. In the display system 1, for example, if the area S is doubled, the number of fillers will double, and the variation in the number of fillers will be √2 times. Furthermore, if the filler volume ratio is halved, the number of fillers will be halved, and the variation in the number of fillers will be √(1 / 2) times.

[0053] (6) The variability calculation unit 5 and the method described herein may be implemented by a special-purpose computer configured by configuring a processor and memory programmed to execute one or more functions embodied in a computer program. Alternatively, the variability calculation unit 5 and the method described herein may be implemented by a special-purpose computer configured by configuring a processor with one or more dedicated hardware logic circuits. Alternatively, the variability calculation unit 5 and the method described herein may be implemented by one or more special-purpose computers configured by combining a processor and memory programmed to execute one or more functions with a processor configured with one or more hardware logic circuits. Furthermore, the computer program may be stored in a computer-readable non-transitory tangible recording medium as instructions to be executed by a computer. The method for implementing the functions of each unit included in the variability calculation unit 5 does not necessarily need to include software; all of the functions may be implemented using one or more hardware devices.

[0054] (7) The function of one component in each of the above embodiments may be shared among multiple components, or the functions of multiple components may be performed by one component. Also, part of the configuration of each of the above embodiments may be omitted. Furthermore, at least part of the configuration of each of the above embodiments may be added to or substituted for the configuration of another of the above embodiments.

[0055] (8) In addition to the above-described display system 1, the present disclosure can also be realized in various forms, such as a higher-level system that includes the display system 1 as a component, a program for causing a computer to function as the variation calculation unit 5, a non-transient physical recording medium such as a semiconductor memory on which the program is recorded, a method for displaying variation, etc. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1...display system, 3...input unit, 5...variation calculation unit, 7...display unit, 11...simulated kneader, 13...mass, MF...simulated filler, MP...simulated polymer

Claims

1. an input unit capable of inputting a content ratio of the filler in a composite material including a polymer and a filler; a variation calculation unit configured to calculate a variation in the amount ratio of the filler in an image or a collection of images obtained by photographing the composite material one or more times by simulating the dispersion of the filler in the composite material; a display unit configured to display the number of times of photographing and the variance calculated by the variance calculation unit; Equipped with Display system.

2. 10. The display system of claim 1, The amount ratio is a volume ratio; Display system.

3. an input unit capable of inputting the amount ratio of the filler in a composite material containing a polymer and a filler and the area S; a variation calculation unit configured to calculate a variation in the number of the filler particles in an image or a collection of images obtained by taking an image of the composite material one or more times with an area of ​​a photographing field of view of the area S, by simulating the dispersion of the filler particles in the composite material; a display unit configured to display the area S, the number of times of imaging, and the variance calculated by the variance calculation unit; Equipped with Display system.

4. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The greater the number of times the photographing is performed, the smaller the variation calculated by the variation calculation unit. Display system.

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