Ammonia treatment facility and power generation facility

Abstract

To enable more efficient utilization of ammonia.SOLUTION: Biomass is separated into a dissolution component that is soluble in liquid and a non-dissolution component by means of biomass separation means 5. The liquid ammonia in which the dissolution component is dissolved, the dissolution component being generated by the biomass separation means 5, is used as an electrolyte in an electrolysis reactor 4. The electrolysis reactor 4 electrolyzes organic matter contained in the dissolution component to provide a nitrogen-containing compound.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an ammonia treatment facility that can more effectively use ammonia, and a power generation facility that uses the ammonia treatment facility. [Background technology]

[0002] Toward the promotion of a carbon-neutral society, the use of hydrogen (H2) is expected to expand. To expand the use of hydrogen, a medium (carrier) that enables efficient transport and storage of hydrogen is essential, and ammonia, which has excellent transportability and storage properties, is known as one such carrier (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] On the other hand, various pretreatment methods have been proposed to separate biomass, which is the material to be dissolved, into components such as lignin and sugars. One of these methods is treatment using ammonia (liquid ammonia treatment). Liquid ammonia treatment makes it possible to effectively utilize biomass.

[0004] By using ammonia to process biomass, which is the material to be dissolved, it is possible to achieve both effective use of biomass and effective use of ammonia as a carrier of hydrogen (H2).In order to promote a carbon-neutral society in recent years, there has been a demand for more effective use of ammonia as a resource. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-157170 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide an ammonia treatment facility that can use ammonia more effectively in the treatment of a material to be dissolved (biomass) using ammonia.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a power generation facility equipped with an ammonia treatment facility that can use ammonia more effectively in the treatment of a material to be dissolved (biomass) using ammonia. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention, which is set forth in claim 1 to achieve the above object, is characterized by comprising: a separation means for performing a process of separating a dissolvable material containing organic matter into a soluble component that dissolves in a liquid and an insoluble component using a medium containing ammonia as a main component; and an electrolysis means for obtaining liquid ammonia containing a nitrogen-containing compound from the organic matter contained in the soluble component by electrolyzing an electrolyte solution in which the soluble component is dissolved in ammonia as a solvent.

[0009] In the present invention according to claim 1, a separation means separates a dissolvable material containing organic matter into a soluble component that dissolves in a liquid and an insoluble component, and the liquid ammonia produced by the separation means and containing the soluble component is used as an electrolyte for an electrolysis means, which can obtain liquid ammonia containing a nitrogen-containing compound from the organic matter contained in the soluble component. This allows ammonia to be used more effectively and also increases the added value of the dissolvable material containing organic matter.

[0010] Nitrogen-containing compounds can be obtained from a target substance by electrolysis in an electrolyte (nitrogen source) in which the target substance is dissolved in a solvent (liquid ammonia) whose main component is ammonia. In other words, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, imines, nitriles, amides, and imides can be obtained at room temperature by effectively using ammonia and without using highly toxic substances (CuCN, NaCN) as nitrogen sources.

[0011] Nitrogen-containing compounds can be obtained from a target substance by electrolyzing an electrolyte solution in which the target substance is dissolved in a solvent (liquid ammonia) whose main component is ammonia (nitrogen source).In other words, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, imines, nitriles, amides, and imides can be obtained at room temperature by effectively using ammonia as a nitrogen source.

[0012] A solvent whose main component is ammonia does not only mean 100% pure liquid ammonia, but also includes those that contain impurities.

[0013] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 2 is the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the material to be dissolved that is separated into dissolved components and non-dissolved components by the separation means is biomass.

[0014] According to the present invention as set forth in claim 2, nitrogen-containing compounds can be obtained by electrolyzing organic substances contained in the dissolved components of biomass, thereby increasing the added value of biomass.

[0015] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1 (or claim 2), it is provided with a consumption means for utilizing the liquid ammonia containing the nitrogen-containing compound obtained by the electrolysis means.

[0016] In the present invention according to claim 3, liquid ammonia containing a nitrogen-containing compound is consumed by a consuming means. The consuming means can be applied to equipment that consumes liquid ammonia itself (raw ammonia supply equipment for denitration, metal surface treatment equipment, raw material supply equipment for chemical products and fertilizers, etc.) or equipment that consumes gaseous ammonia (combustion equipment, etc.).

[0017] Furthermore, the ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 4 is the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a vaporization means for vaporizing the liquid ammonia containing the nitrogen-containing compound, and the consumption means includes a device that utilizes the gaseous ammonia vaporized by the vaporization means.

[0018] In the present invention according to claim 4, liquid ammonia containing a nitrogen-containing compound is vaporized by a vaporizing means, and the vaporized gaseous ammonia is consumed by a consuming means. The consuming means may be a device that consumes various fuels (a combustion boiler in a power generation facility, a combustor, a fuel cell, a boiler that generates steam for heating, a boiler that generates steam for cleaning, or a gas engine). Since the solvent (liquid ammonia) contains ammonia as a main component, the ammonia can be easily vaporized.

[0019] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 5 is the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 4, further comprising hydrogen consumption means for consuming hydrogen (H2) electrolytically reduced by the electrolysis means.

[0020] In the present invention according to claim 5, hydrogen (H2) is produced by electrolytic reduction in the electrolysis means by the hydrogen consumption means. As the hydrogen consumption means, various fuel consumption means, for example, a fuel electrode of a fuel cell, a chemical plant, etc., can be applied.

[0021] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 6 is the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic matter is an aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an imide group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a nitro group, and a sulfo group.

[0022] In the present invention according to claim 6, an aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound containing any one of the functional groups alkyl group, aldehyde group, carboxyl group, amino group, imide group, hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, ether group, nitro group, and sulfo group can be electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source).

[0023] Furthermore, the ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 7 is the ammonia treatment facility of claim 1, characterized in that the organic matter as the target contains at least one of sugars (glucose, xylose, mannan, glucan, xylan, etc.), proteins (plant, animal, microbial, etc.), lipids (triglycerides, free fatty acids, wax, steroids, etc.), lignin (phenylpropanoids and polyphenols, which are components that make up lignin), extractive components (phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.), other inorganic substances (potassium, magnesium, etc.), and vitamins.

[0024] In the present invention according to claim 7, organic substances containing any one of the following can be electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source): sugars (glucose, xylose, mannan, glucan, xylan, etc.), proteins (plant, animal, microbial, etc.), lipids (triglycerides, free fatty acids, wax, steroids, etc.), lignin (phenylpropanoids, polyphenols, etc., which are components that make up lignin), extractive components (phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.), other inorganic substances (potassium, magnesium, etc.), and vitamins.

[0025] Furthermore, an ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 8 is the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic matter is an organic matter containing at least one of m-methylanisole, m-anisaldehyde, propylbenzene, hexanal, benzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

[0026] In the present invention according to claim 8, a nitrogen-containing compound can be obtained by electrolyzing an organic substance containing at least one of m-methylanisole, m-anisaldehyde, propylbenzene, hexanal, benzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source).

[0027] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that in the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1 (any one of claims 1 to 5), the nitrogen-containing compound contains at least one of amine, imine, nitrile, amide, and imide.

[0028] According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, a nitrogen-containing compound containing at least one of amine, imine, nitrile, amide, and imide can be obtained.

[0029] In order to achieve the above object, the power generation facility of the present invention according to claim 10 is characterized by comprising: the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 4; combustion means as the consumption means; and power generation means for expanding the high-temperature, high-pressure fluid obtained by the combustion means to obtain power for generating electricity.

[0030] In the present invention according to claim 10, the ammonia effectively utilized in the ammonia treatment facility is consumed by combustion means (boiler, combustor, etc.), and power for generating electricity can be obtained while the ammonia is being used more effectively.

[0031] In order to achieve the above object, the power generation facility of the present invention according to claim 11 is characterized by including the ammonia treatment facility according to claim 5, and a fuel cell facility as the hydrogen consumption means, which obtains electric power by supplying hydrogen (H2) obtained by the electrolysis means to an anode.

[0032] In the eleventh aspect of the present invention, hydrogen (H2) obtained by the electrolysis means is supplied to the fuel electrode, whereby electric power can be obtained by the fuel cell. [Effects of the Invention]

[0033] The ammonia treatment facility of the present invention makes it possible to use ammonia more effectively in treating a material to be dissolved (biomass) using ammonia.

[0034] The power generation facility of the present invention can be a power generation facility equipped with an ammonia treatment facility that can use ammonia more effectively in treating the material to be dissolved (biomass) using ammonia. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0035] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of a power generation facility equipped with an ammonia treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of an ammonia treatment facility. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first embodiment of electrolysis. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second embodiment of electrolysis. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a third embodiment of electrolysis. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment of electrolysis. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fifth embodiment of electrolysis. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a sixth embodiment of electrolysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the overall configuration of a power generation facility equipped with an ammonia treatment facility of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the main components of the ammonia treatment facility.

[0037] As shown in Fig. 1, power generation facility 1 includes ammonia processing facility 2, and hydrogen (H2) produced in ammonia processing facility 2 is supplied to the anode (hydrogen consumption means) of fuel cell facility 21 to generate electricity. Also, gaseous ammonia obtained in ammonia processing facility 2 is supplied to combustion means (consumption means: boiler, combustor) of thermal power generation facility 22, and electricity is generated by power generation means (steam turbine, gas turbine) that expands the high-temperature, high-pressure fluid obtained in the combustion means to generate power.

[0038] As the consuming means, it is also possible to apply equipment that consumes liquid ammonia itself (such as raw ammonia supply equipment for denitration, metal surface treatment equipment, raw material supply equipment for chemical products and fertilizers, etc.).

[0039] The ammonia treatment facility 2 includes a biomass separation means 5 as a separation means and an electrolysis reactor 4 as an electrolysis means. In the biomass separation means 5, biomass as a material to be dissolved is separated into a soluble component that dissolves in the liquid and an insoluble component using liquid ammonia as a medium.

[0040] In addition to biomass, coal containing organic matter can also be used as the material to be dissolved that is treated by the treatment means.

[0041] In the electrolytic reactor 4, the liquid ammonia in which the dissolved components are dissolved is used as an electrolyte, and the electrolyte is electrolyzed to obtain a nitrogen-containing compound from the organic matter contained in the dissolved components.

[0042] Gaseous ammonia is obtained by vaporizing the electrolyte in the electrolytic reactor 4, and hydrogen (H2) is produced by a reduction reaction in the electrolytic reactor 4. A portion of the gaseous ammonia is liquefied to form part or all of the liquid ammonia as a medium for the biomass separation means 5.

[0043] As shown in Fig. 2, biomass separation means 5 is configured to supply liquid ammonia to biomass 6, thereby obtaining dissolved components 7 (organic matter: indicated by circles) that dissolve in the liquid and undissolved components 8. The liquid ammonia in which the dissolved components 7 (organic matter) are dissolved serves as an electrolyte 9 for electrolytic reactor 4. In other words, the dissolved components 7 (organic matter) are dissolved in a solvent (liquid ammonia) whose main component is ammonia to form electrolyte 9.

[0044] The electrolytic reactor 4 has an anode 11, from which electrons are removed to cause an oxidation reaction, and a cathode 12, from which electrons are donated to cause a reduction reaction. The anode 11 and the cathode 12 are connected to a power source 13, which operates the electrolytic reactor 4. Operation of the electrolytic reactor 4 electrolyzes the dissolved components 7 (organic substances) in the liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), producing nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (indicated by triangles).

[0045] After the nitrogen-containing compound 14 (indicated by a triangle mark) is produced, the ammonia is vaporized by a vaporization means, and the nitrogen-containing compound 14 is obtained in a state in which the electrolytic solution 9 has been removed. The vaporized ammonia is supplied to a combustion means (boiler, combustor) of the thermal power generation facility 22. The solvent (liquid ammonia) can be easily vaporized because it contains ammonia as its main component.

[0046] Hydrogen (H2) is generated on the cathode 12 side, and the obtained hydrogen (H2) is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell equipment 21. The hydrogen (H2) obtained on the cathode 12 side can be used as a raw material for the fuel cell equipment 21 as well as for chemical plants and the like.

[0047] By electrolyzing the dissolved component 7 (organic matter) in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), nitrogen-containing compounds 14 can be obtained from the dissolved component 7 (organic matter). In other words, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, imines, nitriles, amides, and imides can be obtained at room temperature by effectively using ammonia as a nitrogen source.

[0048] The dissolved component 7 (organic matter) is obtained as the dissolved component 7 dissolved in liquid ammonia by the biomass separation means 5. For example, an aliphatic compound or aromatic compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an imide group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a nitro group, and a sulfo group is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic matter).

[0049] This allows a nitrogen-containing compound 14 to be obtained by electrolyzing dissolved components 7 (organic matter) of an aliphatic or aromatic compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an imide group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a nitro group, and a sulfo group in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source).

[0050] The dissolved components 7 (organic matter) can include at least one of the following: sugars (glucose, xylose, mannan, glucan, xylan, etc.), proteins (plant, animal, microbial, etc.), lipids (triglycerides, free fatty acids, wax, steroids, etc.), lignin (phenylpropanoids, polyphenols, etc., which are components that make up lignin), extractive components (phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.), other inorganic substances (potassium, magnesium, etc.), and vitamins.

[0051] More specifically, the dissolved component 7 (organic substance) is an organic substance containing at least one of m-methylanisole, m-anisaldehyde, propylbenzene, hexanal, benzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

[0052] As a result, nitrogen-containing compound 14 can be obtained by electrolyzing an organic substance containing at least one of m-methylanisole, m-anisaldehyde, propylbenzene, hexanal, benzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source).

[0053] The nitrogen-containing compound 14 obtained contains at least one of amine, imine, nitrile, amide, and imide.

[0054] In the above-described ammonia treatment facility 2, the biomass is separated by the biomass separation means 5 into a soluble component that dissolves in the liquid and an insoluble component, and the liquid ammonia produced by the biomass separation means 5 and containing the soluble component is used as an electrolyte for the electrolytic reactor 4, where organic matter contained in the soluble component is electrolyzed to obtain nitrogen-containing compounds.

[0055] This allows for more effective use of ammonia and increases the added value of biomass.

[0056] Then, by electrolyzing organic matter in ammonia (liquid ammonia: nitrogen source), nitrogen-containing compounds can be obtained from the target substance. In other words, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, imines, nitriles, amides, and imides can be obtained at room temperature by effectively using ammonia as a nitrogen source.

[0057] Specific examples of the dissolved component 7 (organic substance) and the nitrogen-containing compound 14 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0058] 3 to 8 show specific examples of dissolved components 7 (organic substances: see FIG. 2) that are the subject of electrolysis, and nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see FIG. 2) that are produced by electrolysis.

[0059] <First Example> As shown in Figure 3(a), m-methylanisole, an aromatic alkyl group, is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic substance: see Figure 2). When methylanisole is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), the methyl group is converted to a cyano group, as shown in Figure 3(b). This produces m-methoxybenzonitrile with a cyano group (-CN) as the nitrogen-containing compound 14 (see Figure 2).

[0060] <Second Example> As shown in Figure 4(a), the aromatic alkyl propylbenzene is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic substance: see Figure 2). When propylbenzene is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), an amino group is added to the propyl group as shown in Figure 4(b), and the propyl group is converted to a cyano group as shown in Figure 4(c). This simultaneously produces 1-phenylpropan-1-amine and benzonitrile as nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see Figure 2).

[0061] <Third Example> As shown in Figure 5(a), m-anisaldehyde, an aromatic aldehyde, is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic substance: see Figure 2). When anisaldehyde is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), the aldehyde group is converted to a cyano group as shown in Figure 5(b), an amino group as shown in Figure 5(c), and an amide group as shown in Figure 5(d). This simultaneously produces m-methoxybenzonitrile, m-methoxyaniline, and m-methoxybenzamide as nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see Figure 2).

[0062] <Fourth Example> As shown in Figure 6(a), hexanal, an aliphatic aldehyde without an aromatic ring, is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic substance: see Figure 2). When hexanal is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), the aldehyde group is converted to an amide group as shown in Figure 6(b), and then to a cyano group as shown in Figure 6(c). This results in the production of hexanamide and hexanenitrile as nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see Figure 2).

[0063] <Fifth Example> As shown in Figure 7(a), benzoic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, is used as the dissolved component 7 (organic substance: see Figure 2). When benzoic acid is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), the carboxyl group is converted to an amide group as shown in Figure 7(b), to a cyano group as shown in Figure 7(c), and to an amino group as shown in Figure 7(d). As a result, benzamide, benzonitrile, and aniline are produced as nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see Figure 2).

[0064] <Sixth Example> As shown in Figure 8(a), p-coumaric acid, an organic compound found in large amounts in biomass, is used as dissolved component 7 (organic matter: see Figure 2). When p-coumaric acid is electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source), p-hydroxybenzonitrile and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile are produced as nitrogen-containing compounds 14 (see Figure 2), as shown in Figures 8(b) and 8(c).

[0065] In the electrolytic reaction device 4 having the above configuration, for example, dissolved components 7 (organic substances) containing aliphatic or aromatic compounds having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aldehyde, carboxyl, amino, imide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether, nitro, and sulfo groups can be electrolyzed in liquid ammonia (nitrogen source) at room temperature to obtain nitrogen-containing compounds 14, such as nitriles, amines, imines, amides, and imides.

[0066] Therefore, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, imines, nitriles, amides, and imides can be obtained at room temperature by effectively utilizing ammonia and without using highly toxic substances (CuCN, NaCN) as nitrogen sources.

[0067] The above-described ammonia treatment facility 2 allows for more effective use of ammonia in the treatment of biomass using ammonia. The above-described power generation facility 1 can be provided with an ammonia treatment facility 2 that allows for more effective use of ammonia in the treatment of biomass using ammonia. [Industrial Applicability]

[0068] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be utilized in industrial fields such as ammonia treatment facilities that can use ammonia more effectively, and power generation facilities that use ammonia treatment facilities. [Explanation of symbols]

[0069] 1. Power generation facilities 2. Ammonia treatment facility 4. Electrolytic reactor 5. Biomass Separation Methods 6. Biomass 7 Dissolved components (organic substances) 8 Undissolved components 9 Electrolyte 11 Anode 12 Cathode 13 Power supply 14 Nitrogen-containing compounds 21 Fuel cell equipment 22 Thermal power generation facilities

Claims

1. a separation means for separating the material to be dissolved, including organic matter, into a soluble component that dissolves in the liquid and an insoluble component using a medium containing ammonia as a main component; and an electrolysis means for obtaining liquid ammonia containing a nitrogen-containing compound from organic matter contained in the dissolved component by electrolyzing an electrolytic solution in which the dissolved component is dissolved in ammonia as a solvent. An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

2. 2. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, The material to be dissolved that is separated into a dissolved component and an insoluble component by the separation means is biomass. An electrolytic reaction device characterized by:

3. 2. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, A consumption means for utilizing the liquid ammonia containing the nitrogen-containing compound obtained by the electrolysis means is provided. An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

4. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 3, a vaporization means for vaporizing the liquid ammonia containing the nitrogen-containing compound, The consumption means is The ammonia vaporized by the vaporization means is used. An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

5. 5. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 4, The hydrogen (H ２ ) hydrogen consumption means for consuming hydrogen An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

6. 2. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, The organic matter is At least an alkyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an imide group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a nitro group, a sulfo group It is an aliphatic or aromatic compound having one of the functional groups An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

7. 2. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, The organic matter is Contains at least one of the following: sugars, proteins, lipids, lignin, extractives, minerals, or vitamins An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

8. 7. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 6, The organic matter is It is an organic substance containing at least one of m-methylanisole, m-anisaldehyde, propylbenzene, hexanal, benzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid. An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

9. 2. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 1, The nitrogen-containing compound is Contains at least one of amine, imine, nitrile, amide, and imide An ammonia treatment facility characterized by:

10. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 4; Combustion means as the consumption means; a power generation means for expanding the high-temperature, high-pressure fluid obtained by the combustion means to generate power for generating electricity; A power generation facility characterized by:

11. The ammonia treatment facility according to claim 5; The hydrogen consuming means is hydrogen (H ２ ) to the fuel electrode, thereby obtaining electric power. A power generation facility characterized by:

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