Building ventilation structure

Abstract

To provide a ventilation structure for a building that has two or more stories, with an indoor communicating space across multiple floors, with which outside air can be easily introduced into rooms on each floor.SOLUTION: In a building ventilation structure 1, a building 2 includes multiple rooms 3 located on different floors, an indoor vertically communicating space 4 across multiple floors, and an indoor intermediate space 10 located between the room 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The room 3 include an outdoor wall 5 that separates an exterior space S1 of the building 2 from an interior space S2 of the room 3 and has a ventilated outdoor side gap S3, and an indoor wall 6 that separates the interior space S2 from the indoor intermediate space 10 and has a ventilated indoor side gap S4. The multiple rooms 3 include a room 3a in which a neutral zone A1 of the building 2 is located, and at least one room 3b located on a floor above the room 3a. In at least one room 3b, the indoor wall 6 is provided in an airtight manner so that the indoor side gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor side gap S3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a ventilation structure for a building, and more particularly to a ventilation structure for a building of two or more stories that has an indoor vertically communicating space spanning multiple floors. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a building that is two or more stories tall and has an atrium in the center that runs through all the floors.

[0003] In this building, warm air from each room flows into the atrium through ventilation holes installed in rooms on each floor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-123310 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Incidentally, in buildings of two or more stories that have an indoor vertically connected space that spans multiple floors, such as an atrium, such as the building described in Patent Document 1, in winter when there is a large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building, this temperature difference creates an air flow that flows from the bottom to the top of the indoor vertically connected space.

[0006] In this case, if the ventilation structure of the rooms on each floor is configured uniformly, in the rooms on the lower floors, more air will flow out into the indoor vertical communication space, making it easier for outside air to flow into the rooms, while in the rooms on the upper floors, more air will flow into the rooms from the indoor vertical communication space, making it difficult for outside air to flow into the rooms.As a result, there is a problem in that it is difficult for the rooms on the upper floors to take in fresh outside air.

[0007] In view of the above circumstances, the present disclosure aims to provide a ventilation structure for a building that is two or more stories high and has an indoor vertically connected space spanning multiple floors, which makes it easy to take in outside air into rooms on each floor. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A ventilation structure for a building according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a ventilation structure for a two-story or higher building. The building includes a plurality of rooms located on different floors, an indoor vertically communicating space spanning multiple floors, and an indoor intermediate space located between the rooms on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space and communicating with the indoor vertically communicating space. Each of the rooms includes an outdoor wall that separates the exterior space of the building from the interior space of the room and has a ventilated outdoor-side gap, and an indoor wall that separates the interior space of the room from the indoor intermediate space and has a ventilated indoor-side gap. The plurality of rooms includes a first room in which the neutral zone of the building is located and at least one second room located on a floor above the first room. In the at least one second room, the indoor wall is airtightly installed so that the indoor-side gap is smaller than the outdoor-side gap. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] In a ventilation structure for a building according to one aspect of the present disclosure, in a building having two or more floors and having an indoor vertically communicating space spanning multiple floors, outside air can be easily taken into rooms on each floor. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a ventilation structure for a building according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic view of one floor of the ventilation structure of the building. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the outdoor air introduction rate of rooms on each floor in each pattern of the ventilation structure of the building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (Embodiment 1) 1. Overview The ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a ventilation structure 1 for a two-story or higher building. The building 2 includes a plurality of rooms 3 located on different floors, an indoor vertically communicating space 4 spanning multiple floors, and an indoor intermediate space 10 located between the rooms 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space 4 and communicating with the indoor vertically communicating space 4. Each of the rooms 3 includes an outdoor wall 5 that separates an exterior space S1 of the building 2 from an interior space S2 of the room 3 and has a ventilated outdoor-side gap S3, and an indoor wall 6 that separates the interior space S2 of the room 3 from the indoor intermediate space 10 and has a ventilated indoor-side gap S4. The rooms 3 include a first room 3a in which the neutral zone A1 of the building 2 is located, and at least one second room 3b located on a floor above the first room 3a. In at least one second room 3b, the indoor wall 6 is provided airtightly so that the indoor gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor gap S3.

[0012] In the ventilation structure 1 for a building of embodiment 1 having the above configuration, in at least one second room 3b located on a floor above the neutral zone A1 of the building 2, the indoor-side gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor-side gap S3, so that it is possible to suppress the inflow of air from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2. Therefore, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of embodiment 1, even if a temperature difference causes an air flow from bottom to top in the indoor vertically communicating space 4 in winter, in the second room 3b on the upper floor, air is unlikely to flow from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2, so that outside air is likely to flow from the external space S1 of the building 2 into the internal space S2. Therefore, the ventilation structure 1 for a building of embodiment 1 easily takes outside air into the rooms on each floor.

[0013] 2.Details Next, the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The building 2 is a two-story or higher building, and in this embodiment, it is a seven-story building. The building 2 is an apartment building. The building 2 comprises a plurality of rooms 3 located on different floors, an indoor vertically communicating space 4 spanning multiple floors, and an indoor intermediate space 10 located between the rooms 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space 4 and communicating with the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The building 2 has a plurality of rooms 3 on each floor.

[0014] First, a description will be given of the basic structure of the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the indoor vertically communicating space portion 4 is provided so as to penetrate through all of the first to seventh floors.

[0015] The indoor vertically communicating space 4 includes a stairwell 4a with stairs and an elevator shaft 4b through which the elevator ascends and descends. The indoor vertically communicating space 4 is a space in which the parts located on each floor are connected to each other, and air flows along its entire vertical length. Note that the indoor vertically communicating space 4 is not equipped with an air conditioning device for temperature adjustment.

[0016] The indoor intermediate space 10 is an indoor space such as a common corridor that connects multiple rooms 3 located on each floor with the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The indoor intermediate space 10 is connected to the indoor vertically communicating space 4, allowing air to move between the indoor intermediate space 10 and the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The building 2 has an indoor intermediate space 10 on each floor. The indoor intermediate spaces 10 on each floor are not directly connected to each other. The rooms 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space 4 are connected via the indoor intermediate space 10 on each floor, which creates an air flow between the rooms 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space 4.

[0017] Each of the multiple rooms 3 includes an outdoor wall 5 that separates the external space S1 of the building 2 from the internal space S2 of the room 3 and has a ventilated outdoor gap S3, and an indoor wall 6 that separates the internal space S2 of the room 3 from the indoor intermediate space 10 and has a ventilated indoor gap S4. In this embodiment, each of the multiple rooms 3 is a room with a Type 3 ventilation system in which an exhaust fan 7 is provided in the outdoor wall 5. The fan 7 may be, for example, a fan provided in the toilet and a fan provided in the kitchen. The outdoor wall 5 is further provided with an air intake 8.

[0018] The outdoor gap S3 includes at least one of a gap occurring between the outdoor wall 5 and an outdoor mounting part (not shown) attached to the outdoor wall 5, and a gap within the outdoor mounting part. The outdoor mounting part is a window, an air conditioner duct, an electrical outlet, etc. Air can move between the internal space S2 of each room 3 and the external space S1 of the building 2 through the outdoor gap S3.

[0019] The indoor gap S4 includes at least one of a gap occurring between an indoor mounting part attached to the indoor wall 6 and the indoor wall 6, and a gap within the indoor mounting part. The indoor mounting part is a door, a window, an outlet, a distribution board, etc. Air can move between the internal space S2 of each room 3 and the indoor intermediate space portion 10 through the indoor gap S4.

[0020] The multiple rooms 3 include a first room 3a in which the neutral zone A1 of the building 2 is located, and at least one second room 3b located on a floor above the first room 3a. In this embodiment, the multiple rooms 3 further include a third room 3c located on the floor below the first room 3a. The multiple rooms 3 further include at least one fourth room 3d located on a floor below the third room 3c.

[0021] The floor on which the neutral zone in building 2 is located can be calculated using a conventionally known calculation method. The neutral zone in building 2 is located, for example, on the fourth floor. In this case, the room 3 on the fourth floor is the first room 3a, and the rooms 3 on the fifth to seventh floors are the second room 3b. The room on the third floor is the third room 3c, and the rooms 3 on the first and second floors are the fourth room 3d. The number of rooms 3 located on each floor is not limited to one, and may be multiple.

[0022] The building 2 further has a building exterior wall 9 that separates the indoor vertically communicating space 4 and the indoor intermediate space 10 from the external space S1 of the building 2. A lower opening S5 that is ventilated and larger than the outdoor gap S3 is provided at the lower part of the building exterior wall 9. The lower opening S5 is, for example, an entrance to the building 2. The lower opening S5 is provided with a door or an automatic door that can be opened and closed.

[0023] An exterior wall gap S6 is provided in a portion of the building exterior wall 9 corresponding to each floor. Similar to the outdoor-side gap S3 and the indoor-side gap S4, the exterior wall gap S6 includes at least one of a gap that occurs between a mounting component, such as a window, attached to the building exterior wall 9 and the building exterior wall 9, and a gap within the mounting component. Note that the exterior wall gap S6 may be provided in only one or both of the wall separating the indoor vertically communicating space 4 from the external space S1 of the building 2 and the wall separating the indoor intermediate space 10 from the external space S1 of the building 2, within the building exterior wall 9.

[0024] The ventilation structure 1 for a building of this embodiment has the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0025] That is, in the first room 3a and at least one second room 3b, i.e., in each of the rooms 3 on the fourth to seventh floors, the indoor gap S4 is one-fourth the size of the outdoor gap S3. In each of the rooms 3 on the remaining floors, the indoor gap S4 is approximately the same as the outdoor gap S3.

[0026] The indoor gap S4 can be made the desired size by sealing the gap between the indoor mounting part and the indoor wall 6, sealing the gap in the indoor mounting part, or using a highly airtight part as the indoor mounting part.

[0027] The size of the outdoor gap S3 and the indoor gap S4 can be measured by an airtightness measurement method using a conventionally known airtightness measurement device. More specifically, with all gaps in the outdoor wall 5 closed, the air in the interior space S2 of the room 3 is discharged using the airtightness measurement device, and the indoor gap S4 of the indoor wall 6 can be determined from the air volume at that time and the difference in indoor-outdoor air pressure. Similarly, with all gaps in the indoor wall 6 closed, the air in the interior space S2 of the room 3 is discharged using the airtightness measurement device, and the outdoor gap S3 of the outdoor wall 5 can be determined from the air volume at that time and the difference in indoor-outdoor air pressure.

[0028] The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same airflow rate in the remaining rooms 3 except for the third room 3c (i.e., the room 3 on the third floor). The airflow rate of the fan 7 in the third room 3c is set to be higher than the airflow rate of the fan 7 in the first room 3a. The airflow rate of the fan 7 in the third room 3c is set to be, for example, 1.1 to 1.4 times the airflow rate of the fan 7 in the first room 3a.

[0029] 3. Variations Next, a description will be given of a modified example of the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the above-mentioned embodiment 1. In the following, only the configuration of the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the modified example that differs from embodiment 1 will be described in detail.

[0030] 3-1. Variation 1 The ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the first modification includes the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0031] In each of the multiple rooms 3 (i.e., the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is one-fourth the outdoor gap S3. The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same air volume.

[0032] 3-2. Variation 2 The ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the second modification has the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0033] In each of the multiple rooms 3 (i.e., the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is half the outdoor gap S3. The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same air volume.

[0034] 3-3. Variation 3 The ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the third modification has the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0035] An upper opening S7 that is ventilated and larger than the indoor gap S4 of the second room 3b is provided at the top of the building exterior wall 9. In this modification, the upper opening S7 has the same opening area as the lower opening S5. The upper opening S7 is, for example, a hole that penetrates a ceiling portion of the building exterior wall 9 that is located above the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The upper opening S7 may also be a hole that penetrates a portion of the building exterior wall 9 that is horizontally aligned with the top of the indoor vertically communicating space 4. The upper opening S7 may also be a hole that penetrates a portion of the building exterior wall 9 that is horizontally aligned with the indoor intermediate space 10 that is located on the upper floor.

[0036] The indoor gap S4 and the outdoor gap S3 are the same in each of the multiple rooms 3 (that is, the rooms 3 on all floors). The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same air volume.

[0037] 3-4. Variation 4 The ventilation structure 1 for a building of the fourth modification example has the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0038] Of the multiple rooms 3, in the first room 3a and at least one second room 3b, i.e., in each of the rooms 3 on the fourth to seventh floors, the indoor gap S4 is one-fourth the size of the outdoor gap S3. In each of the rooms 3 on the remaining floors, the indoor gap S4 is the same as the outdoor gap S3. The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same airflow rate.

[0039] 3-5. Variation 5 The ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the fifth modification example has the following structure in addition to the basic structure described above.

[0040] In each of the multiple rooms 3 (i.e., the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is one-tenth of the outdoor gap S3. The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same air volume.

[0041] 4. Comparison of outside air intake rates Next, a description will be given of the results of a simulation in which the outdoor air introduction rate of the rooms 3 on each floor of the above-described patterns of the building ventilation structure 1 was compared.

[0042] 4-1. Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is a ventilation structure 1 for a building that includes only the basic structure described above. In Comparative Example 1, the indoor gap S4 and the outdoor gap S3 are the same in each of the multiple rooms 3 (i.e., the rooms 3 on all floors). The fans 7 in the rooms 3 on each floor are set to the same airflow rate.

[0043] In Comparative Example 1, the outdoor air introduction rate of each room 3 is calculated based on the following preconditions.

[0044] That is, the temperature of the external space S1 of the building 2 (i.e., the outside air temperature) is 0°C, the temperature of the internal space S2 of each room 3 (i.e., the indoor temperature) is 20°C, and the temperature of the indoor vertically communicating space 4 is 10°C. Each of the multiple rooms 3 has a floor area of ​​25 m 2 The floor area of ​​the indoor vertically communicating space 4 is 10 m 2 is.

[0045] The air volume of the exhaust fan 7 in each room 3 is 30 m 3 The fan speed is 0.5 revolutions per hour (0.5 revolutions per hour), and the height at which the fan 7 is installed in each room 3 (specifically, the height from the floor of each room 3) is 2 m. The opening area of ​​the intake vent 8 in each room 3 is 20 cm 2The installation height of the air intake 8 of each room 3 (specifically, the height from the floor of each room 3) is 2 m. The outdoor side gap S3 of each room 3 is 1.5 cm. 2 / m 2 The height position of the outdoor gap S3 of each room 3 (specifically, the height from the floor of each room 3, a temporary height position for calculation) is 1.2 m. The indoor gap S4 of each room 3 is 1.5 cm. 2 / m 2 The height position of the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 (specifically, the height from the floor of each room 3, a temporary height position for calculation) is 1.2 m. The outer wall gap S6 of each floor of the building outer wall 9 is 1.5 cm. 2 / m 2 The height position of the outer wall gap S6 on each floor (specifically, the height from the floor of each room 3, which is a temporary height position for calculation) is 1.2 m. The opening area of ​​the lower opening S5 of the building 2 is 50 cm 2 The building 2 does not have an upper opening S7.

[0046] The results of the outdoor air introduction rate for Comparative Example 1, calculated under the above-mentioned preconditions, are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 lists, for each room on each floor, the amount of outdoor air inflow per hour from the external space S1 of building 2 to the internal space S2 of each room 3, the amount of indoor air inflow per hour from the indoor vertically communicating space portion 4 to the internal space S2 of each room 3, and the outdoor air introduction rate, which is the ratio of the outdoor air inflow to the total of the outdoor air inflow and indoor air inflow. Under the above-mentioned preconditions, the neutral zone of building 2 is located on the fourth floor.

[0047] [Table 1]

[0048] 4-2.Embodiment 1 In the building ventilation structure 1 of embodiment 1, the indoor gap S4 of each of the first room 3a and the second room 3b (i.e., the rooms 3 on the 4th to 7th floors) among the multiple rooms 3 is one-fourth of the outdoor gap S3.

[0049] The airflow rate of fan 7 in room 3 on the third floor is approximately 1.3 times that of fan 7 in room 3 on the fourth floor. The airflow rate of fan 7 in rooms 3 on the remaining floors is the same as that of fan 7 in room 3 on the fourth floor.

[0050] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects: In the first embodiment, the indoor gap S4 of the rooms 3 on the fourth to seventh floors is 0.375 cm 2 / m 2 The airflow rate of fan 7 in room 3 on the third floor is 40 m 3 / h. The results of the outside air introduction rate in the first embodiment are shown in Table 2 below.

[0051] [Table 2]

[0052] 4-3. Variation 1 In the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the first modified example, in each of the plurality of rooms 3 (that is, the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is one-fourth the outdoor gap S3.

[0053] Therefore, in the first modification, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects: In the first modification, the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 is 0.375 cm 2 / m 2 The results of the outside air introduction rate for Modification 1 are shown in Table 3 below.

[0054] [Table 3]

[0055] 4-4. Variation 2 In the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the second modification, in each of the plurality of rooms 3 (that is, the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is half the outdoor gap S3.

[0056] Therefore, in the second modification, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects: In the second modification, the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 is 0.75 cm 2 / m2 The results of the outside air introduction rate for Modification 2 are shown in Table 4 below.

[0057] [Table 4]

[0058] 4-5. Variation 3 In the building ventilation structure 1 of the third modification, an upper opening S7 is provided at the top of the building exterior wall 9. The upper opening S7 has the same opening area as the lower opening S5. In each of the multiple rooms 3 (i.e., the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 and the outdoor gap S3 are the same.

[0059] Therefore, in the third modification, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects: In the third modification, the opening area of ​​the upper opening S7 is 50 cm 2 The results of the outside air introduction rate for Modification 3 are shown in Table 5 below.

[0060] [Table 5]

[0061] 4-6. Variation 4 In the building ventilation structure 1 of the fourth modification, in each of the rooms 3 on the fourth to seventh floors, the indoor gap S4 is one-fourth the size of the outdoor gap S3. In each of the rooms 3 on the remaining floors, the indoor gap S4 is the same as the outdoor gap S3.

[0062] Therefore, in the fourth modification, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects. In the fourth modification, the indoor gap S4 of each of the rooms 3 on the fourth to seventh floors is 0.375 cm 2 / m 2 The results of the outside air introduction rate for Modification 4 are shown in Table 6 below.

[0063] [Table 6]

[0064] 4-7. Variation 5 In the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the fifth modification, in each of the plurality of rooms 3 (that is, the rooms 3 on all floors), the indoor gap S4 is one-tenth of the outdoor gap S3.

[0065] Therefore, in the fifth modification, the above-mentioned preconditions are different only in the following respects: In the fifth modification, the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 is 0.15 cm 2 / m 2 The results of the outside air introduction rate for Modification 5 are shown in Table 7 below.

[0066] [Table 7]

[0067] 4-8. Discussion FIG. 3 shows the outdoor air introduction rates of the rooms 3 on each floor in the comparative example 1, the embodiment 1, and the modifications 1, 2, and 5 described above.

[0068] 3 and Table 1, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, in rooms 3 (second rooms 3b) on the fifth to seventh floors, which are higher than room 3 on the fourth floor where the neutral zone of building 2 is located, the amount of indoor air flowing into internal space S2 from indoor vertically communicating space 4 increases significantly, and the outdoor air introduction rate is lower than 50%. This makes it difficult for outdoor air to be taken in by rooms 3 (second rooms 3b) on the fifth to seventh floors.

[0069] In embodiment 1 and variants 1, 2, 4, and 5, in which the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 (i.e., the second room 3b) on the 5th to 7th floors is made smaller than the outdoor gap S3, the outdoor air introduction rate in each room 3 on the 5th to 7th floors is improved compared to comparison example 1, as shown in Figure 3 and Tables 2 to 4, 6, and 7.

[0070] In particular, in embodiment 1 and variants 1 and 4, when the indoor gap S4 of each room 3 on the 5th to 7th floors is set to one-fourth of the outdoor gap S3, good results are obtained, with the outdoor air introduction rate exceeding 70 percent in rooms 3 on all floors.

[0071] Furthermore, as shown in Tables 1 and 5, when an upper opening S7 is provided at the top of the building exterior wall 9 as in Modification 3, the outdoor air introduction rate is improved in each room 3 on the fifth to seventh floors. As a result, it can be seen that air flowing from the bottom to the top of the indoor vertically communicating space 4 is exhausted to the external space S1 of the building 2 through the upper opening S7, making it difficult for air to flow from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2 of each room 3 on the fourth to seventh floors. Therefore, the configuration of Modification 3 may be adopted in Embodiment 1.

[0072] Furthermore, as shown in Tables 2 and 6, if the indoor gap S4 is set to one-fourth of the outdoor gap S3 only for rooms 3 on the 4th to 7th floors out of the 1st to 7th floors, as in embodiment 1, and the ventilation air volume of the fan 7 in room 3 on the 3rd floor (i.e., the third room 3c), where the outdoor air introduction rate is reduced, is set to be larger than the ventilation air volume of the fan 7 in room 3 on the 4th floor (i.e., the first room 3a), it can be seen that although the outdoor air introduction rate in room 3 on the 3rd floor is reduced, the reduction in the outdoor air introduction rate can be suppressed.

[0073] Furthermore, as in variant example 5 shown in Table 7, even when the indoor gap S4 of rooms 3 on each floor is set to one-tenth of the outdoor gap S3, it can be seen that the outdoor air introduction rate in each room 3 on the 5th to 7th floors is improved compared to comparison example 1.

[0074] 5. Effects In the building ventilation structure 1 of the embodiment 1 and the variants 1, 2, 4, and 5 described above, in each of the multiple second rooms 3b where the outside air introduction rate would decrease if the ventilation structure of the rooms 3 on each floor were configured uniformly, the indoor wall 6 is made more airtight than the outdoor wall 5 so that the indoor gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor gap S3.

[0075] Therefore, in the ventilation structures 1 for buildings according to the first embodiment and the first, second, fourth, and fifth modifications, in each of the second rooms 3b, it is possible to suppress the inflow of air from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2 of the second room 3b, and it is possible to promote the inflow of outside air from the external space S1 of the building 2 into the internal space S2 of the second room 3b. Therefore, the ventilation structures 1 for buildings according to the first embodiment and the first, second, fourth, and fifth modifications make it easier to take in outside air into the rooms 3 on each floor.

[0076] Furthermore, in the building ventilation structures 1 of embodiment 1 and modifications 1, 4, and 5, by making the indoor gap S4 smaller than the outdoor gap S3 to one-fourth or less in each of the plurality of second rooms 3b, it is possible to make the outdoor air introduction rate on floors above the neutral zone of the building 2 70% or more. Therefore, in the building ventilation structures 1 of embodiment 1 and modifications 1, 4, and 5, it is easier to take in outdoor air into the rooms 3 on each floor.

[0077] Furthermore, in the building ventilation structure 1 of embodiment 1 and variant example 4, among the multiple rooms 3, only the first room 3a and the multiple second rooms 3b have indoor walls 6 that are more airtight than the outdoor walls 5, so construction costs can be reduced compared to when the indoor walls 6 of all rooms 3 are made airtight.

[0078] Furthermore, in the building ventilation structure 1 of embodiment 1 and variant 4, by providing airtight indoor walls 6 for a plurality of second rooms 3b among the plurality of rooms 3, the position of the neutral zone of the building 2 is lowered and the neutral zone is located in the third-floor room 3. This reduces the outside air introduction rate between the fourth-floor room 3 and the third-floor room 3, but in the building ventilation structure 1 of embodiment 1 and variant 4, by providing airtight indoor walls 6 for the fourth-floor room 3, it is possible to suppress the reduction in the outside air introduction rate on the fourth floor.

[0079] Furthermore, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of embodiment 1, the air volume of the fan 7 in the third room 3c (room 3 on the third floor) is set to be larger than the air volume of the fan 7 in the first room 3a (room 3 on the fourth floor). Therefore, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of embodiment 1, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of outside air introduced into the third room 3c, making it easier to take outside air into all rooms 3.

[0080] 6. Other Variations Next, a description will be given of other modifications of the above-described ventilation structure 1 for a building. The modifications shown below can be combined as appropriate.

[0081] The building 2 may be a two-story building or higher. In this case, the first room 3a where the neutral zone is located is a room 3 on the first floor, the second room 3b is a room 3 on the second floor, and the building 2 does not have a third room 3c or a fourth room 3d.

[0082] Furthermore, the building 2 may be a two or more story building, and may have 3 to 6 or 8 or more stories. The number of stories in the building 2 can be increased as long as ventilation by a Type 3 ventilation system is sufficient.

[0083] Furthermore, the building 2 is not limited to an apartment building, and the building 2 may have only one room 3 on each floor.

[0084] The indoor vertically communicating space 4 may be provided across multiple floors, and does not have to extend through all floors. For example, the building 2 may further have multiple rooms 3 located on floors above the indoor vertically communicating space 4.

[0085] The indoor vertically communicating space 4 may include only one of the staircase 4a and the elevator shaft 4b. The indoor vertically communicating space 4 may also include an atrium.

[0086] Furthermore, the size of the indoor gap S4 in the second room 3b is not limited to being between one-tenth and one-half of the size of the outdoor gap S3, and may be in other ranges.

[0087] (summary) As in the embodiment and its modified example described above, the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the first aspect has the following configuration.

[0088] That is, the first embodiment of the ventilation structure 1 for a building is a ventilation structure 1 for a two-story or higher building. The building 2 includes multiple rooms 3 located on different floors, indoor vertically communicating spaces 4 spanning multiple floors, and indoor intermediate spaces 10 located between the rooms 3 on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating spaces 4 and communicating with the indoor vertically communicating spaces 4. Each of the multiple rooms 3 includes an outdoor wall 5 that separates the exterior space S1 of the building 2 from the interior space S2 of the room 3 and has a ventilated outdoor gap S3, and an indoor wall 6 that separates the interior space S2 of the room 3 from the indoor intermediate space 10 and has a ventilated indoor gap S4. The multiple rooms 3 include a first room 3a in which the neutral zone A1 of the building 2 is located and at least one second room 3b located on a floor above the first room 3a. In at least one second room 3b, the indoor wall 6 is airtightly installed so that the indoor gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor gap S3.

[0089] In the first embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1 having the above-described configuration, in at least one second room 3b located on a floor above the neutral zone A1 of the building 2, the indoor-side gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor-side gap S3, thereby preventing air from flowing from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2. Therefore, in the first embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1, even if a temperature difference causes an air flow from bottom to top in the indoor vertically communicating space 4 in winter, air is less likely to flow from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2 in the second room 3b on the upper floor, making it easier for outside air to flow from the external space S1 of the building 2 into the internal space S2. Therefore, the first embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1 makes it easy to take outside air into the rooms on each floor.

[0090] As in the embodiment and its modification described above, the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the second aspect additionally includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the first aspect.

[0091] That is, in the second embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1, the outdoor gap S3 includes at least one of a gap occurring between the outdoor wall 5 and an outdoor mounting part attached to the outdoor wall 5, and a gap in the outdoor mounting part. The indoor gap S4 includes at least one of a gap occurring between the indoor wall 6 and an indoor mounting part attached to the indoor wall 6, and a gap in the indoor mounting part.

[0092] In the second embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1 having the above configuration, the indoor wall 6 can be made airtight by sealing the gaps that occur between the indoor mounting parts and the indoor wall 6 or the gaps that the indoor mounting parts have, making it easy to achieve the desired level of airtightness of the indoor wall 6.

[0093] As in the embodiment and its modified example described above, the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the third aspect additionally includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect.

[0094] That is, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the third embodiment, each of the plurality of rooms 3 is a room of a third type ventilation system in which an exhaust fan 7 is provided on the exterior wall 5.

[0095] In the third embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1 having the above configuration, the internal space S2 of each room 3 becomes negative pressure due to exhaust by the fan 7, and since the outdoor gap S3 is larger than the indoor gap S4, it is easy to take in outside air into the internal space S2 through the outdoor gap S3.

[0096] Furthermore, as in the above-described embodiment and its modified example, the building ventilation structure 1 of the fourth aspect additionally has the following configuration in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third aspects.

[0097] That is, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the fourth aspect, in at least one second room 3b, the indoor gap S4 is between one-tenth and one-half the size of the outdoor gap S3.

[0098] In the fourth embodiment of the building ventilation structure 1 having the above-mentioned configuration, in the second room 3b, the indoor gap S4 is small, being between one-tenth and one-half the size of the outdoor gap S3, so that air does not easily flow from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2, and outside air easily flows from the external space S1 of the building 2 into the internal space S2.

[0099] Furthermore, as in the above-described embodiment and its modified example, the building ventilation structure 1 of the fifth aspect additionally has the following configuration in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to fourth aspects.

[0100] That is, in the fifth aspect of the building ventilation structure 1, the building 2 has a building exterior wall 9 that separates the indoor vertically communicating space 4 and the indoor intermediate space 10 from the external space S1 of the building 2. An upper opening S7 that is ventilated and is larger than the indoor gap S4 of at least one second room 3b is provided at the upper part of the building exterior wall 9.

[0101] In the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the fifth aspect having the above configuration, when an air flow from bottom to top occurs in the indoor vertically communicating space 4, the air is easily exhausted to the external space S1 of the building 2 through the upper opening S7. Therefore, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the fifth aspect, in the second room 3b on the upper floor, air is less likely to flow from the indoor vertically communicating space 4 into the internal space S2, and outside air is more likely to flow from the external space S1 of the building 2 into the internal space S2.

[0102] As in the embodiment and its modification described above, the ventilation structure 1 for a building according to the sixth aspect additionally includes the following configuration in addition to the configuration of the third aspect.

[0103] That is, in the sixth aspect of the building ventilation structure 1, the multiple rooms 3 include a third room 3c located on the floor below the first room 3a. Of the multiple rooms 3, only the first room 3a and at least one second room 3b have airtight indoor walls 6 so that the indoor gap S4 is smaller than the outdoor gap S3. The airflow rate of the fan 7 in the third room 3c is set to be greater than the airflow rate of the fan 7 in the first room 3a.

[0104] In the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the sixth aspect having the above configuration, in the first room 3a, where the outdoor air introduction rate is likely to decrease if the indoor wall 6 of only the second room 3b among the multiple rooms 3 is provided airtight, the indoor wall 6 is provided airtight, thereby making it possible to suppress a decrease in the outdoor air introduction rate. Also, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the sixth aspect, in the third room 3c, where the outdoor air introduction rate is likely to decrease, the exhaust air volume of the fan 7 is increased, making it possible to suppress a decrease in the outdoor air introduction rate in the third room 3c. Also, in the ventilation structure 1 for a building of the sixth aspect, it is only necessary to provide the indoor walls 6 of only the first room 3a and the second room 3b among the multiple rooms 3 airtight, which makes it easy to keep construction costs down.

[0105] The present disclosure has been described above based on the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments, and appropriate design changes are possible within the intended scope of the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0106] 1. Ventilation structure 2. Building 3 rooms 3a First Room 3b Second Room 3c Third Room 4 Indoor vertical communication space 5 outdoor wall 6. Indoor walls 7 Fan 9 Building exterior walls 10 Indoor intermediate space A1 Neutral Zone S1 External space S2 interior space S3 Outdoor gap S4 Indoor gap S7 top opening

Claims

1. A ventilation structure for a building with two or more floors, The building is: Multiple rooms located on different floors, An indoor vertically connected space spanning multiple floors; an indoor intermediate space portion located between the room on each floor and the indoor vertically communicating space portion and communicating with the indoor vertically communicating space portion; Equipped with Each of the plurality of rooms an outdoor wall that separates an exterior space of the building from an interior space of the room and has an outdoor gap that allows ventilation; an indoor wall that separates the interior space of the room from the indoor intermediate space and has a ventilated indoor gap; The plurality of rooms include: a first room in which the neutral zone of the building is located; at least one second room located on a floor above the first room; In the at least one second room, the indoor wall is airtightly provided so that the indoor gap is smaller than the outdoor gap. Ventilation structure of the building.

2. the outdoor-side gap includes at least one of a gap occurring between the outdoor-side mounting part attached to the outdoor wall and the outdoor wall, and a gap included in the outdoor-side mounting part, The indoor side gap includes at least one of a gap occurring between the indoor side mounting part attached to the indoor wall and the indoor wall, and a gap that the indoor side mounting part has. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1.

3. Each of the plurality of rooms The room is a Type 3 ventilation room with an exhaust fan installed on the outdoor wall. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2.

4. In the at least one second room, the indoor gap is between one-tenth and one-half of the outdoor gap. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The building has a building exterior wall that separates the indoor vertically communicating space portion and the indoor intermediate space portion from the external space of the building, an upper portion of the exterior wall of the building is provided with an upper opening that is ventilated and is larger than the indoor gap of the at least one second room; The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2.

6. The plurality of rooms include: a third room located on the floor below the first room; The indoor wall is airtightly provided so that the indoor gap is smaller than the outdoor gap only in the first room and the at least one second room among the plurality of rooms, The air volume of the fan in the third room is set to be larger than the air volume of the fan in the first room. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 3.

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