Communication apparatus, device, and communication method

Abstract

To properly position an R2D preamble (timing acquisition signal) included in an OFDM symbol relative to a CP.SOLUTION: A communication apparatus includes a control unit that is composed of multiple chips and generates an OFDM symbol with a CP inserted at the beginning, and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol to a low-complexity device, and the control unit sets the start timing or end timing of a timing acquisition signal to a single timing for an OFDM symbol that includes the timing acquisition signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 16

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a communication apparatus, a device, and a communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, low power consumption, etc. (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] "Revised SID on Ambient IoT", RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.7.0 (2021-09) [Non-Patent Document 5] "New SID: Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR ", RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0005] A cyclic prefix (CP) is inserted into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of the R2D (Reader to Device) signal transmitted from the reader to the A-IoT device. It has also been agreed that the OFDM symbol should include an R2D preamble (timing acquisition signal).

[0006] The relationship between the start / end timing of the R2D preamble and the CP has not yet been fully investigated.

[0007] If the reader fails to properly place the R2D preamble in the OFDM symbol, the A-IoT device may not be able to properly receive the channel and / or signal in relation to the CP, which could result in degraded system performance.

[0008] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a communication apparatus, device, and communication method in which an R2D preamble (timing acquisition signal) included in an OFDM symbol transmitted and received in a communication system including an ambient IoT device is appropriately positioned relative to a CP. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a control unit configured with a plurality of chips and generating an OFDM symbol with a CP inserted at the beginning, and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol to the low-complexity device, wherein the control unit sets the start timing or end timing of the timing acquisition signal to a single timing for an OFDM symbol including the timing acquisition signal. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a preamble, control / data, and midamble used in R2D / D2R transmission. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of control / data and postambles used in R2D / D2R transmissions. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an R2D preamble and a PRDCH when the R2D preamble can start / end at any timing. [Figure 17]A diagram showing an R2D preamble and PRDCH when the R2D preamble can start / end only at defined timings. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a single start timing of an R2D preamble in Proposal 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a single end timing of an R2D preamble in Proposal 2 of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating examples of multiple start / end timing candidates for an R2D preamble in Proposal 3 of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a reader according to an embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a reader and a device according to an embodiment. [Figure 24] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0016] <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0017] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks.

[0018] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0019] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0020] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0021] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE or an A-IoT device.

[0022] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0023] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0024] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0025] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0026] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0027] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0028] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0029] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of RFID (Radio frequency identification).

[0030] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0031] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0032] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0033] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0035] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0036] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0037] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0038] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0039] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0040] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE in Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, the A-IoT device may be used interchangeably with the A-IoT UE or the A-IoT terminal. The A-IoT device may be referred to as the A-IoT or the device.

[0041] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0042] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, the intermediate node, the support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the ambient IoT device, and transmits information to the base station, the intermediate node, the support node, and other nodes. The RF signals may also be referred to as carrier waves.

[0043] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0044] <Rel-19 SID> In the SID of Rel-19, necessary and feasible solutions for A-IoT were considered (Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The considered solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not necessary.

[0045] Additionally, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1 for the DL and UL of A-IoT. The issues to be discussed include: Frame structure, synchronization and timing, and random access Numerology, Bandwidth, and Multiple Access -There is waveform and modulation Channel coding DL channel / signal aspects UL Channel / Signal Side Scheduling and timing A-IoT has been approved as a topic for Rel. 19. In discussing A-IoT, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0046] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0047] 1a.DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0048] 1b.DO-DTT(device originated-device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0049] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0050] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0051] 2a.TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission or amplified general UL transmission, or alternatively amplified backscatter UL transmission can be performed.

[0052] 2b.FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0053] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0054] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0055] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0056] 3a. Topology 1 In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0057] 3b. Topology 2 In topology 2, communication is performed between the base station and the A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs two-way communication with an intermediate node disposed between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in the case of topology 2 may correspond to a macro cell. Also, the case of topology 2 may be applied to an indoor case.

[0058] For the A-IoT UE, the signal design is common in topology 1 and topology 2. Hereinafter, the intermediate node may be described as an int. UE (intermediate UE). The intermediate node may be referred to as a base station, a communication device, a network device, or a network node.

[0059] <R2D and D2R> At the RAN1#116 meeting, it was agreed to consider physical channels for R2D data transmission and D2R data transmission.

[0060] R2D means "reader to device". D2R means "device to reader". "Reader" corresponds to a base station or an intermediate node. "Device" corresponds to A-IoT.

[0061] R2D may be regarded as DL in the wireless communication system of A-IoT. R2D data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). R2D control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as the R2D data transmission or on a physical channel different from the R2D data transmission.

[0062] D2R may be regarded as UL in the wireless communication system of A-IoT. D2R data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PDRCH (physical device to reader channel). D2R control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as the D2R data transmission or on a physical channel different from the D2R.

[0063] R2D, R2D transmission, R2D signal, DL, and DL signal may be used interchangeably. D2R, D2R transmission, R2D signal, UL, and UL signal may be used interchangeably. R2D control transmission may be referred to as R2D control information or control information. D2R control transmission may be referred to as D2R control information or control information. Signal, data, and information may be used interchangeably.

[0064] <RAN1におけるデバイスタイプ> In RAN1, for the purpose of the study, the following terms are used for device types:

[0065] Device 1 Device 1 (which may be referred to as Type 1) is a type of device that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z [ppm (parts per million)] (Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0)). Device 1 does not have any DL / UL amplifiers. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering with an externally provided carrier wave (CW). Note that SFO indicates the difference in sampling back frequencies between the transmitting side and the receiving side. SFO may be considered to indicate, for example, the accuracy of time synchronization between the transmitting side and the receiving side.

[0066] Device 2a The device 2a (which may be referred to as type 2a) is a type of device that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has energy storage and an initial SFO of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL / UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering with an externally provided carrier wave (CW).

[0067] Device 2b Device 2b (which may be referred to as type 2b) is a type of device that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial SFO of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). DL / UL amplification is also performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed internally in device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in device 2b does not need to be performed by backscattering with an externally provided carrier wave (carrier wave (CW)).

[0068] <Carrier wave transmission> The following candidate topologies can be envisaged for carrier wave (CW), R2D and D2R transmissions:

[0069] 1a.D1T1-A1 Figure 8 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. In the D1T1-A1 topology, R2D and CW are transmitted by BS#1, and backscattered D2R is received by another BS#2.

[0070] 1b.D1T1-A2 9 is a diagram illustrating candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. In the D1T1-A2 topology, R2D and CW are transmitted by BS#1, and backscattered D2R is received by the same BS#1.

[0071] 1c.D1T1-B 10 is a diagram illustrating candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmission. In the D1T1-B topology, R2D is transmitted by BS#1, backscattered D2R is received by the same BS#1, and CW is transmitted by a CW node. Here, the CW node may be a BS other than BS#1, a UE, an IAB node, a repeater node such as an NCR (Network-controlled Repeater), a relay node, or any other type of node.

[0072] 2a.D2T2-A1 11 is a diagram illustrating candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. In the D2T2-A1 topology, R2D and CW are transmitted by UE#1, and backscattered D2R is received by another UE#2.

[0073] 2b.D2T2-A2 12 is a diagram illustrating candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. In the D2T2-A2 topology, R2D and CW are transmitted by UE#1, and backscattered D2R is received by the same UE#1.

[0074] 2c.D2T2-B 13 illustrates candidate topologies for CW, R2D, and D2R transmissions. In the D2T2-B topology, R2D is transmitted by UE#1, backscattered D2R is received by the same UE#1, and CW is transmitted by a CW node. Here, the CW node may be a UE other than UE#1, a BS, an IAB node, a repeater node such as an NCR, a relay node, or other types of nodes.

[0075] A signal transmitted in a D2R link may be referred to as a D2R signal or D2R. Also, transmission of a D2R signal may be referred to as a D2R transmission or D2R. Also, a D2R transmission in an A-IoT device may correspond to a D2R reception in a reader.

[0076] The signal transmitted in the R2D link may be referred to as an R2D signal or simply R2D. Also, the transmission of the R2D signal may be referred to as R2D transmission or simply R2D. Further, the R2D transmission at the reader may correspond to the R2D reception at the A-IoT device.

[0077] The CW waveform used for D2R transmission may be referred to as CW or a CW signal. CW may be an example of the radio wave used for D2R transmission. The transmission of CW may be referred to as CW transmission or simply CW. CW transmission may correspond to the CW reception at the A-IoT device. CW transmission may be performed by the BS, or by an intermediate UE acting as a reader, or by a CW node. Note that the CW node may be a node that transmits CW to the A-IoT device. Also, the CW node may not need to receive D2R from the A-IoT device.

[0078] In this embodiment, "timing" may be replaced with "time". In other words, "timing" may mean a single point in time or a certain time period. For example, the transmission timing may be replaced with the transmission time. Also, "the start timing of transmission" may be mutually replaced with "the start of the transmission timing", "the start of the transmission time", etc. Also, "the end timing of transmission" may be mutually replaced with "the end of the transmission timing", "the end of the transmission time", etc.

[0079] <Timing Acquisition in R2D / D2R Transmission> In a communication system including an A-IoT device, the candidate topologies described above are considered, and signals for R2D communication (hereinafter simply referred to as "R2D") and signals for D2R communication (hereinafter simply referred to as "D2R") are transmitted and received.

[0080] It has been agreed to consider a timing acquisition signal for such R2D / D2R transmissions. Note that timing acquisition may be replaced with (time) synchronization. Hereinafter, the timing acquisition signal for R2D will be referred to as the R2D timing acquisition signal, and the timing acquisition signal for D2R will be referred to as the D2R timing acquisition signal.

[0081] For R2D transmissions, it is agreed that an R2D timing acquisition signal is included in the R2D for at least timing acquisition purposes and to indicate the beginning (or start or beginning point) of the R2D transmission in the time domain. Here, the R2D timing acquisition signal may be, for example, an R2D preamble. The R2D preamble may consist of a start-indicator part and a clock acquisition part. Note that the R2D preamble may consist of both the start-indicator part and the clock acquisition part, or may consist of only the clock acquisition part, or may consist of only the start-indicator part.

[0082] For D2R transmissions, it is agreed that a D2R timing acquisition signal is included in the D2R at least for timing acquisition purposes and to indicate the beginning of the D2R transmission in the time domain, where the D2R timing acquisition signal may be, for example, a D2R preamble.

[0083] 14, the R2D preamble may be placed temporally before the R2D control / data, and the D2R preamble may be placed temporally before the D2R control / data. Note that in this specification and drawings, control information and / or data (information) may be omitted and referred to as control / data.

[0084] As described above, since A-IoT devices are assumed to be devices with a very simple configuration for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption, they may not have a time synchronization function. In this case, the timing, i.e., synchronization, acquired by the R2D preamble or D2R preamble may be lost during communication, and there is a risk that communication cannot be properly executed. Therefore, in addition to the preamble, a midamble is also being considered for timing acquisition. That is, considering the case where the timing acquired from the preamble cannot be accurately maintained until the end (or termination or endpoint) of R2D / D2R transmission, the midamble may be used for timing acquisition. As shown in FIG. 14, the R2D midamble needs to be arranged in the center (midway) of R2D control / data transmission, and the D2R midamble may need to be arranged in the center (midway) of D2R control / data transmission. The R2D midamble may be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, an R2D timing acquisition signal, an additional R2D timing acquisition signal, etc. The D2R midamble may be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, a D2R timing acquisition signal, an additional D2R timing acquisition signal, etc.

[0085] Also, the postamble is being considered. The postamble may be used to notify the end of R2D / D2R transmission in the time domain. As shown in FIG. 15, the R2D postamble is arranged at the end of R2D control / data transmission (temporally after the last R2D control / data), and the D2R postamble may be arranged at the end of R2D control / data transmission (temporally after the last D2R control / data).

[0086] <CP Processing for OFDM Waveform in R2D Transmission> In the OFDM symbol of NR, a CP obtained by copying a part of the end of the symbol is inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol. Thereby, multipath interference can be suppressed.

[0087] The R2D signal is generated using an OFDM waveform with a CP. The A-IoT device detects the R2D signal by radio wave edge detection rather than OFDM reception (coherent detection). Furthermore, the A-IoT device does not know the OFDM symbol index, i.e., the CP length.

[0088] In Release 19, the following points were agreed upon regarding CP processing for OFDM-based On Off Keying (OOK) waveforms in R2D transmissions:

[0089] Possible down-selection will be considered from among the following candidate methods, not excluding other method types: Method type 1: The A-IoT device, rather than the designated sender device, locates the CP and deletes it. Method Type 2: CP insertion in OFDM-based waveforms prevents false rising / falling edges (fake edges) from occurring between the last OOK chip of OFDM symbol (n-1) and the first OOK chip of OFDM symbol n.

[0090] In Method Type 1, the following points remain undetermined: How the device determines the location of the CP Impact on the feasibility of device SFO Relationship with the number of chips M

[0091] In Method Type 2, the following points remain undetermined: Whether and how to arrange the CP so that the OOK chips have the same length after inserting the CP Relationship with the number of chips M Details of the relationship between line codes and codewords Impact on the feasibility of device SFO

[0092] Consideration of methods should include, for example: Impact of CP on R2D timing acquisition, PRDCH decoding and performance The complexity of implementing readers and A-IoT devices (if they are in a common NR band) Interference between R2D and NR DL / UL Spectral efficiency

[0093] Note that "chip" refers to the ON / OFF period of an OOK symbol. The "M" in OOK refers to the number of chips in one OFDM symbol. A reader is a device that receives signals from A-IoT devices.

[0094] <Considerations> The start / end timing of each R2D preamble affects the operation of the reader / A-IoT device in relation to the CP. This point will be explained in detail below using Figures 16 and 17. For example, if the R2D preamble can start / end at any timing as shown in Figure 16, the A-IoT device may need a device configuration (mechanism) to detect that a CP has been inserted. On the other hand, if the R2D preamble can start / end at a predefined timing (such as an OFDM symbol boundary) as shown in Figure 17, the A-IoT device can detect the CP by counting chips. In other words, there is a trade-off between the degree of freedom in the start / end timing of the R2D preamble and the simplicity of the device configuration.

[0095] The relationship between the start / end timing of the R2D preamble and the CP has not yet been fully investigated.

[0096] If the reader is unable to properly place the R2D preamble in the OFDM symbol, the A-IoT device may not be able to properly transmit and receive channels and / or signals relative to the CP, which could result in degraded system performance.

[0097] <Proposal> The following provides a detailed explanation of the content of each proposal for solving the problems indicated in the above considerations.

[0098] <Proposal 1> In Proposal 1, when a reader generates an OFDM symbol including an R2D preamble, the reader generates the OFDM symbol so that the R2D preamble starts at a single timing within the OFDM symbol.

[0099] (Example of single timing) A specific example of a single start timing of an R2D preamble will be described below with reference to Fig. 18. Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a single start timing of an R2D preamble.

[0100] (Example 1) The R2D preamble may start at the beginning of the OFDM symbol (see FIG. 18(A)).

[0101] (Example 2) The R2D preamble may start at the end of the CP portion of the OFDM symbol (see FIG. 18(B)).

[0102] (Example 3) The R2D preamble may start at a specific timing based on the end timing of the R2D preamble. For example, if the time length of the R2D preamble is constant, the R2D preamble may start so as to end at a specific timing, such as the end of an OFDM symbol (see FIG. 18(C)).

[0103] (Variation) Note that one or more padding bits may be inserted at the beginning of the R2D preamble or at the beginning of the clock acquisition portion of the R2D preamble so that the R2D preamble starts with a single timing.

[0104] For example, if the time length of the R2D preamble is variable, padding bits may be inserted to keep the total time length of the padding bits and the R2D preamble constant, and the R2D preamble may be started so that it ends at a specific timing, such as the end of an OFDM symbol.

[0105] For example, if the R2D preamble is defined to have a specific number of bits or a specific length, and the time length of the R2D preamble is variable, padding bits may be inserted so that the R2D preamble has the defined specific number of bits / length.

[0106] (A-IoT device operation) The A-IoT device assumes that the R2D preamble starts from the above timing, counts the number of chips, identifies the location of the CP based on the timing / count and / or based on edge detection of the CP, and removes the CP from the preamble signal (the OFDM symbol containing the R2D preamble).

[0107] <Proposal 2> In Proposal 2, when a reader generates an OFDM symbol including an R2D preamble, the reader generates the OFDM symbol so that the R2D preamble ends at a single timing within the OFDM symbol.

[0108] (Example of single timing) A specific example of a single end timing of the R2D preamble will be described below with reference to Fig. 19. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a single end timing of the R2D preamble.

[0109] (Example 1) The R2D preamble may be terminated at the end of the OFDM symbol (see FIG. 19(A)).

[0110] (Example 2) The R2D preamble may be terminated at the end of the CP portion of the next OFDM symbol (see FIG. 19(B)).

[0111] (Example 3) The R2D preamble may be terminated at a specific timing based on the start timing of the R2D preamble. For example, if the time length of the R2D preamble is constant, the R2D preamble may be terminated at a specific timing based on the start timing and time length of the R2D preamble.

[0112] (Variation) Note that one or more padding bits may be inserted at the end of the R2D preamble or at the end of the start indicator of the R2D preamble so that the R2D preamble ends at a single timing.

[0113] For example, if the time length of the R2D preamble is variable, padding bits may be inserted to make the total time length of the padding bits and the R2D preamble constant, and the R2D preamble may end at a specific timing, such as the end of the OFDM symbol.

[0114] For example, if the R2D preamble is defined to have a specific number of bits or a specific length, and the time length of the R2D preamble is variable, padding bits may be inserted so that the R2D preamble has the defined specific number of bits / length.

[0115] (A-IoT device operation) The A-IoT device assumes that the R2D preamble ends at the above timing, counts the number of chips, identifies the location of the CP based on timing / count and / or based on edge detection of the CP, and removes the CP from the PRDCH.

[0116] <Proposal 3> In Proposal 3, when a reader generates an OFDM symbol including an R2D preamble, the reader generates the OFDM symbol so that the R2D preamble starts / ends at one of multiple timing candidates within the OFDM symbol.

[0117] (Example of multiple timing candidates) A specific example of multiple start / end timing candidates for the R2D preamble will be described below with reference to Fig. 20. Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of multiple start / end timing candidates for the R2D preamble.

[0118] (Example 1) The candidate start / end timings of the R2D preamble may be any timing (see FIG. 20(A)).

[0119] (Example 2) The candidate start / end timings of the R2D preamble may be any timing except for the case where the start indication section of the R2D preamble includes a CP (see FIG. 20(B)).

[0120] (Example 3) Candidates for the start / end timing of the R2D preamble may be any timing except when the R2D preamble includes a CP.

[0121] (Example 4) The candidate start / end timings for the R2D preamble may be any timing except when the subsequent PRDCH starts within the CP period.

[0122] (Example 5) Candidate start / end timings for the R2D preamble may be any timing except when the subsequent control signal is included within the CP period.

[0123] (CP location detection in A-IoT devices) A-IoT devices assume the above CP location possibilities and either remove the CP based on edge detection of the CP from the preamble signal / subsequent PRDCH, or perform preamble reception / synchronization without considering the CP.

[0124] The A-IoT device receives information indicating when the first CP of the subsequent PRDCH arrives, counts the number of chips, locates the CP based on the timing / count and / or based on edge detection of the CP, and removes the CP from the PRDCH.

[0125] (effect) As described above, according to this proposal, the R2D preamble included in the OFDM symbol is appropriately positioned relative to the CP, which allows the A-IoT device to appropriately receive the channel and / or signal relative to the CP.

[0126] <Modification> Each of the suggestions / options described above may be combined.

[0127] Each suggestion / option discussed above may be applied on a case-by-case basis.

[0128] The indication / configuration may be carried in physical layer control information or higher layer payload. For example, the indication / configuration may be carried in MAC layer control information, Msg0 (paging) / Msg2 (RAR: Random Access Response) / Msg4, or unicast data. R2D may have the same meaning as above.

[0129] The instructions / configuration may be carried in the PRDCH or R2D timing acquisition signal (preamble / midamble / postamble) / synchronization signal.

[0130] A slot may have a time width of 1 ms (i.e., one slot in OFDM), for example. A slot may be a slotted-ALOHA slot.

[0131] A symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips in OOK, or one modulation symbol in PSK (Phase Shift Keying) / FSK (Frequency Shift Keying).

[0132] Different proposals / options may apply to R2D and D2R.

[0133] Different suggestions / options may apply to different device types.

[0134] Different suggestions / options may apply to different connection topologies.

[0135] Different proposals / options may apply to different R2D / D2R channels (PRDCH, PHY channel for R2D control, PDRCH, PHY channel for D2R control).

[0136] Different proposals / options may apply for different R2D / D2R information / formats / commands (R2D data, R2D control, R2D system information, R2D information triggering contention-based access, D2R data, D2R control, D2R ACK / NACK response, D2R response in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)).

[0137] <Terminology> The reader may be a D2R receiver. The reader may be either a BS or a UE.

[0138] The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes.

[0139] DT traffic is device terminated traffic, which may be traffic such as commands from the reader.

[0140] DO-DTT traffic is Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger traffic, and may be traffic such as inventory.

[0141] Switch, change, set, and transition may be read interchangeably. Immediately before and previously may be read before. Immediately after may be read after.

[0142] In the present disclosure, notifications / indications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / medium access control (MAC) layer / radio resource control (RRC) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0143] In the present disclosure, A / B may mean at least one of A and B. In the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0144] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and the like, or a combination thereof.

[0145] The MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0146] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (DCI).

[0147] <Leader configuration> 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a reader 10a according to an embodiment. The reader 10a includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The reader 10a communicates with the device 20 (see FIG. 22) wirelessly. The reader 10a may be an intermediate terminal or a terminal (for example, a terminal of an SL that communicates with the device 20).

[0148] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0149] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of Radio Resource Control (RRC)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0150] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the reader 10a transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0151] The reference signal included in the DL signal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0152] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0153] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the reader 10a, including the transmission process of the transmission unit 101 and the reception process of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0154] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0155] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0156] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0157] <Device configuration> 22 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and is, for example, an A-IoT UE. The device 20 may be considered as a device that receives power from energy harvesting. For example, the device 20 may be considered as a device that receives power from a CW supplied from the base station 10 or the reader 10a.

[0158] The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with the reader 10a, for example, wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0159] The receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal transmitted from the reader 10a. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0160] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the reader 10a. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0161] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0162] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the reader 10a using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0163] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0164] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20, including the reception process in the reception unit 201 and the transmission process in the transmission unit 202.

[0165] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0166] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the leader 10a. The information to be fed back to the leader 10a may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the leader 10a may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0167] The control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information received from the leader 10a (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern notified by RRC and / or DCI). The control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to the leader 10a. Under the control of the control unit 203, the transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to the leader 10a in the PUCCH resources determined by the control unit 203.

[0168] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0169] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0170] <Hardware configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0171] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0172] For example, a reader, a device, or the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a reader and a device according to this embodiment. The above-described reader 10a and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0173] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the reader 10a and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0174] Each function in the reader 10a and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0175] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0176] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0177] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0179] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0180] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0181] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0182] Furthermore, the reader 10a and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0183] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0184] <Applicable systems> Embodiments described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), xG (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal point)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may be applied.

[0185] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0186] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0187] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0188] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0189] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0190] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0191] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0192] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0193] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0194] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0195] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0196] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0197] <parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0198] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0199] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0200] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0201] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0202] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0203] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0204] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0205] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the reader 10a described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0206] Similarly, the terminal in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the reader 10a may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0207] Fig. 24 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 24, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0208] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0209] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0210] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0211] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0212] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0213] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0214] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0215] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0216] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0217] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0218] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0219] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0220] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0221] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0222] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0223] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0224] <Means> In the configuration of each of the above devices, the "means" may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0225] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when the terms "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0226] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

[0227] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0228] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0229] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0230] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0231] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0232] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0233] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0234] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0235] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0236] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0237] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0238] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0239] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0240] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0241] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0242] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0243] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0244] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0245] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0246] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0247] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0248] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0249] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit

Claims

1. A communication device that communicates with devices that are less complex than NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) devices, a control unit configured with a plurality of chips and configured to generate an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol with a CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserted at the beginning; a transmitter for transmitting the OFDM symbols to the low complexity device; Equipped with the control unit sets a start timing or an end timing of the timing acquisition signal to a single timing for an OFDM symbol including the timing acquisition signal; Communication equipment.

2. the control unit arranges the timing acquisition signal in the OFDM symbol so that the timing acquisition signal starts at the end of the CP portion of the OFDM symbol. The communication device according to claim 1 .

3. the control unit arranges the timing acquisition signal in the OFDM symbol so that the timing acquisition signal ends at the end of the CP portion of the next OFDM symbol. The communication device according to claim 1 .

4. A device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, a receiver configured to receive an OFDM symbol including a plurality of chips and a cyclic prefix (CP) inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol; a control unit that deletes the CP and performs reception processing; Equipped with the control unit detects the position of the CP for an OFDM symbol including a timing acquisition signal, assuming that the start timing or end timing of the timing acquisition signal is a single timing, and deletes the CP. device.

5. A communication device that communicates with devices that are less complex than NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) devices, Generate an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol consisting of multiple chips and with a CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserted at the beginning, transmitting the OFDM symbols to the low complexity device; For OFDM symbols including a timing acquisition signal, the start timing or end timing of the timing acquisition signal is set to a single timing. Communication method.

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