Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Abstract

To improve the performance of prediction / inference of CSI / a beam.SOLUTION: A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure has: a transmission section that transmits a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in each of a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a receiving section that receives setting information related to measurement of the DL RS; and a control section that measures the DL RS for data collection for training an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) will use Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) models for Channel State Information (CSI) / beam prediction / inference. It is also being considered to collect data for training the AI / ML models.

[0006] However, the procedures for collecting data to train AI / ML models are unclear, which may limit the performance improvement of CSI / Beam prediction / inference.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve the performance of CSI / beam prediction / inference. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by having a transmitter that transmits a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set, a receiver that receives configuration information regarding measurement of the DL RS, and a controller that measures the DL RS for data collection for training an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the performance of CSI / beam prediction / inference can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing an example of set B / set A / set P in beam prediction. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of measurement timing of set B / set P in beam prediction. [Figure 3] 3A to 3C are diagrams showing an example of set B / set A / set P in CSI prediction. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement timing of set B / set P in CSI prediction. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a series of steps for reporting applicability. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the procedure of option 3 of the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the CPU occupation period when transmitting aperiodic (AP) CSI reports. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a CPU occupation period when a semi-persistent (SP) CSI report is transmitted. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communications) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, there are plans for terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations (BSs) to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reducing overhead, improving accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improving accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improving position estimation / prediction).

[0013] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0014] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0015] In addition, in this disclosure, the terms AI / ML model, AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. The AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0016] In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in an environment with which the model interacts.

[0017] The data collection stage in the lifecycle management of an AI model corresponds to the stage of collecting data for generating / updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training / model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training / model inference), etc.

[0018] Note that data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, a management entity, or a UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, the terms "process" and "procedure" may be interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, collection may refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

[0019] In the model training stage of AI model lifecycle management, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, conversion, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to entities that perform model inference).

[0020] Note that AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0021] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity training the model), and output (providing model output to the actor).

[0022] Additionally, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0023] Also, a UE-side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network-side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0024] (Use cases of prediction using AI / ML technology) The following are examples of various predictions using AI / ML models: · Beam prediction. In beam prediction, beams / resources that achieve a greater RSRP / SINR [than a threshold] are predicted. Examples include temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, and frequency domain beam prediction. · CSI Predictions. Examples of CSI prediction include temporal CSI prediction / spatial domain CSI prediction. For example, in spatial domain CSI prediction, CSI for a larger number of antenna ports is predicted based on a smaller number of antenna ports.

[0025] In this disclosure, beam prediction, CSI prediction, and specific prediction [using an AI / ML model] may be read interchangeably.

[0026] (Consistency) In certain use cases of AI / ML technology, it is being considered to clarify consistency in order to have a common understanding between each entity (e.g., UE and NW).

[0027] In the present disclosure, consistency may represent an indicator indicating that the types / characteristics of corresponding specific information / operations, etc. are consistent / same / similar. For example, in the present disclosure, "consistent" may mean "same" or "similar", for example, the measured values (predicted values) collected exhibit the same (similar) data distribution characteristics (trends), the measurement methods / transmission and reception methods of signals / channels (e.g., RS) are the same / similar, etc.

[0028] Also, in a specific use case of AI / ML technology, it is considered beneficial that the properties of [specific reference signals] (which may be called specific properties) are consistent.

[0029] Here, the property may mean spatial / beam properties, transmission and reception (RX / TX) properties, properties related to path / sample detection / selection for [specific reference signals]. Also, the property may mean information related to implementation / operation that the vendor does not want to disclose.

[0030] <<UE-side model>> The NW (gNB / LMF) may ensure / guarantee consistency for the UE. For example, the NW (gNB / LMF) may set / provide / transmit a consistency ID / associated ID to the UE. Thereby, consistency can be ensured / guaranteed without disclosing the implementation on the gNB side.

[0031] (Associated ID) As described above, the support of the associated ID is under consideration. The UE may be set with the associated ID.

[0032] In beam management (UE side model), an Association ID may refer to similar / identical properties of the RSs (resources / resource sets) or DL ​​Tx beams or sets / lists of beams associated with the same Association ID.

[0033] The association ID may be configured at least within the CSI framework. The association ID may also be applied to other use cases.

[0034] The UE may assume (control DL reception by assuming) similar properties of DL Tx beams or sets / lists of beams associated with the same associated ID.

[0035] In this disclosure, an associated ID may refer to an ID that indicates a property [of a particular reference signal (channel / signal)] that is associated with a particular (arbitrary) use case of an AI / ML technology.

[0036] Inference result reporting (IR) Inference result reporting (IR) may include at least one of the following: These reports may also be referred to as functionality. Reporting predicted beam information, such as predicted RSRP, top K-beam indication, and top K-beam probability. Predictive CSI reporting, e.g., Type II Doppler CSI reporting.

[0037] The predicted top K beams may refer to the top K (K is 1 or greater) resources / beams among a set of resources / beams that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on UE-side predictions (for the corresponding set of resources / beams), which may be performed together with measurements.

[0038] The predicted top-K beam probability may refer to the percentage / probability that the predicted top-K beams include the actual top-1 beam.

[0039] (Beam prediction / CSI prediction) <Definition of Set B / Set A / Set P in beam prediction> In this disclosure, Set B may refer to RS resources / beams / time instances that are expected to be measured by a UE for inference result reporting (e.g., predicted beam results), and may be interchangeably read as resources / beams / time instances that are (potentially) inputs to an AI model.

[0040] In this disclosure, Set A may refer to RS resources / beams / time instances that are expected to be predicted / reported by the UE in an inference result report (e.g., predicted beam result), and may be interchangeably read as resources / beams / time instances related to (potential output of) the AI ​​model output.

[0041] In this disclosure, set P may refer to the RS resources / beams / time instances for which measurements are used by the UE for performance monitoring, or the resources / beams / time instances that are unrelated to the inputs / outputs of the AI ​​model.

[0042] <<Examples>> 1A to 1C are diagrams showing an example of set B / set A / set P in beam prediction.

[0043] Set B shown in FIG. 1A may include one or more measurements (beams) that are part of a plurality of predictions (beams) (i.e., set A).

[0044] Set A shown in FIG. 1B may include multiple predictions [results (beams)] obtained (predicted) from set B.

[0045] 1C may include one or more measurements (results (beams)) that are part of multiple predictions (results (beams)) (i.e., set A). Alternatively, set P may include one or more other measurements (results (beams)) that are not related to set A.

[0046] Furthermore, set B and set P may or may not share / overlap at least some beams. Set B and set P may also be beams whose entire measurement results are different.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of measurement timing of set B / set P in beam prediction.

[0048] As shown in Fig. 2, set B and set P may be measured alternately. In this case, set B may be measured first, or set P may be measured first. Set B and set P may also be measured at the same timing. Set P may also be measured before or after the timing of set A (i.e., prediction).

[0049] The time interval between the measurement timing of set B and the measurement timing of set P may be predefined by a specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities.

[0050] In the present disclosure, performance monitoring is performed using prediction results based on Set A and measurement results (i.e., actual measured values) based on Set B / Set P. Therefore, it is preferable that the prediction time instance of Set A and the measurement timing (measurement time instance) of Set B / Set P are as close as possible. The closer the prediction and measurement timings are, the more accurate the performance monitoring can be achieved.

[0051] Also, as shown in FIG. 2, for set B, the same beam may be the measurement target for each measurement. For set P, different beams may be the measurement target for each measurement. For example, for set P, a subset of different beams may be the measurement target for each measurement. The subset may include one or more beams.

[0052] Also, the same beam may be the measurement target for both set B and set P.

[0053] <Definition of Set B / Set A / Set P in CSI Prediction> In the present disclosure, set B may mean the RS resource / [antenna] port / time instance that is expected to be measured by the UE for inference result reporting (e.g., predicted CSI). Also, set B may be interchangeable with the resource / [antenna] port / time instance related to the input of the AI model (which can be an input).

[0054] In the present disclosure, set A may mean the RS resource / [antenna] port / time instance that is expected to be predicted / reported by the UE in inference result reporting (e.g., predicted CSI). Also, set A may be interchangeable with the resource / [antenna] port / time instance related to the output of the AI model (which can be an output).

[0055] In the present disclosure, set P may mean the RS resource / [antenna] port / time instance for which the measured value is used by the UE for performance monitoring. Also, set P may mean the resource / [antenna] port / time instance that has no relation to the input / output of the AI model.

[0056] <<Specific Example>> FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams showing an example of set B / set A / set P in CSI prediction.

[0057] Set B shown in FIG. 3A may include one or more measurements (results (CSIs)) that are part of the plurality of predictions (results (CSIs)) (i.e., set A).

[0058] Set A shown in FIG. 3B may include multiple predictions [results (CSI)] obtained (predicted) from set B.

[0059] 3C may include one or more measurements (results (CSI)) that are part of multiple predictions (results (CSI)) (i.e., set A). Alternatively, set P may include one or more other measurements (results (CSI)) that are not related to set A.

[0060] Set B and set P may or may not share / overlap at least some ports. Set B and set P may also be ports whose measurement results are all different.

[0061] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of measurement timing of set B / set P in CSI prediction.

[0062] As shown in Fig. 4, set B and set P may be measured alternately. In this case, set B may be measured first, or set P may be measured first. Set B and set P may also be measured at the same timing. Set P may also be measured before or after the timing of set A (i.e., prediction).

[0063] The time interval between the measurement timing of set B and the measurement timing of set P may be predefined by a specification, may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities.

[0064] In the present disclosure, performance monitoring is performed using prediction results based on Set A and measurement results (i.e., actual measured values) based on Set B / Set P. Therefore, it is preferable that the prediction time instance of Set A and the measurement timing (measurement time instance) of Set B / Set P are as close as possible. The closer the prediction and measurement timings are, the more accurate the performance monitoring can be achieved.

[0065] Also, as shown in Figure 4, set B may be the same port for each measurement. Set P may be different ports for each measurement. For example, set P may be a different subset of ports for each measurement. The subset may include one or more ports.

[0066] Furthermore, the same ports may be the measurement targets for set B and set P.

[0067] (Applicability) It is being considered that the UE determines the applicability of the model / function (applicable model / function) and reports this to the NW.

[0068] In the present disclosure, applicability may refer to an indicator of whether a certain model / function is applicable or not.

[0069] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a series of steps for reporting applicability. Each step in Fig. 5 will be explained below.

[0070] <Step #1> The NW sends a message to the UE regarding UE capability inquiry (UECapabilityEnqiry) for the UE to initiate a reporting procedure of supported AI / ML capabilities.

[0071] <Step #2> The UE sends a message regarding UE capability information (UECapablityInformation) to the NW, which may include information regarding functions supported by the UE.

[0072] <Step #3> The NW provides the UE with at least one of the following settings: · The UE is allowed to perform UAI (UE Assistance Information) via OtherConfig. -Additional conditions on the network side. Settings related to supported features (e.g. inference settings). Information about applicable features (e.g., Set A / Set B / Relationship ID).

[0073] Without being limited to the above, the UE may be configured with other settings (for example, an association ID).

[0074] <Step between Steps #3 and #4> The UE may determine the applicable capabilities based on at least one of the following: - Additional terms and conditions of the network (if provided). · Additional conditions on the UE side (if known internally by the UE). · Models available within the device.

[0075] Without being limited to the above, the UE may determine applicable functions by taking into account other settings (eg, inference settings).

[0076] <Step #4> The UE may report applicable capabilities in at least one of the following scenarios: When configured to provide applicable features and when applicable features are changed via UAI. - When responding to additional conditions on the network side that require reporting of applicable functions in step #3. · Applicable functions based on the information received in step #3 (e.g., Set A / Set B / Relationship ID).

[0077] <Step #5> The NW may provide the UE with configuration (e.g., inference configuration) regarding supported features.

[0078] For example, in step #3, if an inference configuration based on supported capabilities is not provided, the NW may provide the inference configuration to the UE after the UE reports applicable capabilities.

[0079] In step #3, if an inferred configuration based on supported features is provided, it may be up to the NW implementation whether the NW provides an updated version (updated) configuration to the UE.

[0080] <Step #6> Activation / deactivation / inference / monitoring of the corresponding functions may be performed.

[0081] In the procedure for determining the applicability of the inference of the UE side model described above, the following items are considered:

[0082] For example, in step #3, the following settings may be provided from the NW to the UE: The UE is allowed (enabled) to report UAI via OtherConfig. The network configures one or more reporting configurations (CSI-ReportConfig) for the inference configuration.

[0083] The CSI reporting configuration for model inference on the UE side is not activated immediately after the UE receives the configuration in step #3.

[0084] (DL RS request procedure) The DL RS request between the UE and the base station may be performed by at least one of the following steps DR1 to DR4.

[0085] The UE may receive specific information regarding permission for DL ​​RS request (the UE may be configured / instructed about permission for DL ​​RS request by the specific information) (step DR1). In step DR1, the UE may decide / judge the specific information based on a procedure defined in the specification.

[0086] The particular information may be at least one of the following: Information indicating when / what RS request signaling can be sent. Information indicating what DL RSs (e.g., CSI-RS / Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) / SSB) can be requested. Information indicating what measurement gaps can be requested. Information indicating what data collection windows can be requested.

[0087] The data collection window may be, for example, a dedicated PRS processing window for data collection.

[0088] The UE may be expected to (and may) measure a specific DL RS (e.g., a DL RS configured for data collection) within the data collection window. The UE may measure a specific DL RS (e.g., a DL RS configured for data collection) within the data collection window.

[0089] The UE may send a DL RS request (step DR2). The UE may send the DL RS request based on the grant of the DL RS request in step DR1 above.

[0090] In step DR2, the UE may send at least one of the following information as a DL RS request: Information about the (desired) DL RS (e.g. CSI-RS / PRS / SSB). Information about (desired) measurement gaps. Information about the (desired) data collection window.

[0091] The UE may receive / measure the DL RS for data collection (step DR3). The UE may receive / measure the DL RS transmitted based on the DL RS request in step DR2.

[0092] In step DR3, the UE may perform measurements for data collection.

[0093] The UE may terminate the measurement of the DL RS for data collection (step DR4).

[0094] The UE may terminate reception of the DL RS based on the initiation / trigger of a specific process by the UE / NW (base station).

[0095] (analysis) As mentioned above, in future wireless communication systems, UEs are expected to use AI / ML models for CSI / beam prediction / inference, and to collect data for training the AI / ML models.

[0096] For example, during the training phase, the UE may collect data including associated IDs for performance in the inference phase. This can maintain consistency between training and inference and improve performance. For example, the UE may collect training data only when it is necessary and capable of doing so. Otherwise, unnecessary RS transmission and measurement can be prevented, reducing overhead.

[0097] However, the procedures for collecting data to train AI / ML models are unclear, which may limit the performance improvement of CSI / Beam prediction / inference.

[0098] Therefore, the inventors have conceived a method to improve the performance of CSI / beam prediction / inference.

[0099] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0100] (Various reading changes) In this disclosure, words enclosed in "()" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the immediately preceding wording (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding the meaning of the entire sentence (ignoring the meaning of the entire sentence). Note that "()" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0101] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0102] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be interchangeable.

[0103] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0104] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0105] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0106] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0107] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0108] In the present disclosure, RSRP may be interchangeably read as any parameter related to received power / received quality, etc. (for example, RSRQ, SINR, CSI), etc.

[0109] In the present disclosure, the RS (DL RS) may be, for example, a CSI-RS, an SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, the RS index may be a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0110] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to the use of a model or the physical meaning of the model's input / output. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Monitoring (checking performance), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updating may be instructed (controlled) based on the functionality (e.g., for each function).

[0111] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to features (requiring AI / ML capabilities) (e.g., reporting information based on CSI prediction / CSI compression / temporal beam prediction / spatial domain beam prediction).

[0112] In this disclosure, functionality, functionality, function ID, model, and model ID may be read interchangeably.

[0113] The first RS set, set A, and RS [resources] of set A may be interchangeable. The second RS set, set B, and RS [resources] of set B may be interchangeable. RS and DL RS may be interchangeable.

[0114] (Wireless communication method) The UE may request data collection of Set A and Set B [for one function] and measure Set A and Set B with a certain level of complexity. For example, the UE may perform data collection according to the following procedure. Set A and Set B may be replaced with a first RS set and a second RS set.

[0115] Step 1: The UE receives Set A, Set B, and an associated ID. The associated ID is used to maintain consistency between training and prediction / inference.

[0116] Step 2: The UE requests the NW to transmit downlink reference signals (DL RSs) in Set A and Set B (transmissions for measurement) for data collection (first embodiment).

[0117] Step 3: The UE receives configuration information regarding measurements of DL RSs in Set A and Set B for data collection of Set A and Set B (embodiment 2-1).

[0118] Step 4: The UE measures DL RSs in Set A and Set B (for collecting data for AI / ML model training) through a specific CSI processing unit (embodiments 2-2 and 2-3). The UE may report the measurement results.

[0119] Step 5: The UE reports the applicability of Set A, Set B, and associated IDs.

[0120] First Embodiment The UE may send / report information about data collection (e.g., DL RS transmission request) in the RRCReconfigurationComplete message / UEAssistanceInformation (UAI) report. The sent / reported information may be included in the applicability report (step 4 in Fig. 5). The sent / reported information may be at least one of the information shown in the following options:

[0121] <<Option 1>> Information (e.g., capability information) indicating whether data collection / training (measurements / functions / models corresponding to data collection / training) is applicable / not applicable. For example, it may be indicated that the number of measurements is insufficient. The UE may report this information only if the function becomes applicable after additional measurements.

[0122] <<Option 2>> DL RS [transmission] request of set A / B. The DL RS [transmission] request may indicate which DL RS [transmission] is requested, for example, by the following information: · The ID of the reporting setting (e.g., CSI reporting setting). RS resource configuration ID (e.g., configuration ID for set A / configuration ID for set B). Associated ID of set A / B.

[0123] The RS resource configuration may include, for example, information / parameters regarding the time location of the DL RS resource (time resource of the DL RS). The information / parameters regarding the time location of the DL RS resource may be, for example, information / parameters indicating the behavior / type of the resource in the time domain (e.g., aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic). At least one of these pieces of information allows the DL RS to be identified.

[0124] <<Option 3>> Request for DL ​​RS [transmission] request of set A / B (request for information used for DL ​​RS [transmission] request). After this request, the UE may send a DL RS [transmission] request of set A / B in option 2.

[0125] 6 is a diagram showing the procedure of Option 3 of the first embodiment. The UE transmits a DL RS request to the NW (base station). The NW transmits DL RS configuration (e.g., information indicating transmittable DL RSs) to the UE. The UE transmits a DL RS request to the NW. The NW transmits the DL RSs to the UE.

[0126] According to the first embodiment, when data collection / training is required, a DL RS can be received by requesting the NW (base station) to transmit the DL RS.

[0127] <Second embodiment> The UE may measure DL RSs [of Set A and Set B] [corresponding to one function] [for UE-side data collection] [without reporting CSI to the gNB]. The UE may train an AI / ML model [for CSI / beam prediction] based on the measurement results of DL RSs of Set A and Set B.

[0128] <<Embodiment 2-1>> The UE may receive a CSI configuration including a configuration for measuring the DL RS and measure the DL RS [for data collection].

[0129] The report quantity setting of the CSI reporting configuration may be "none" or a specific parameter indicating UE-side data collection, or specific parameters (cri-RI-PMI-CQI, ssb-Index-RSRP / SINR). The UE may measure the DL RS [for data collection] if the report quantity setting includes at least one of these.

[0130] The measurement resource setting may be at least one of the following options 1 or 2.

[0131] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may be separately set (or received) with the settings related to the CSI resources of set A and the settings related to the DL RS resources (CSI resources) of set B. Based on the received settings related to the CSI resources of set A / set B, the UE can recognize whether the DL RS is included in set A or set B. The settings related to the CSI resources may be, for example, CSI resource settings or CSI reporting settings.

[0132] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may receive one setting related to the DL RS resources (CSI resources) corresponding to both set A and set B. Based on the set related ID / related function, the UE can recognize whether the RS is set A or set B.

[0133] <<<Variation>>> A part of the settings related to the CSI resources of set A and the common part of the settings related to the CSI resources of set B are included in one setting, and the other parts of the settings related to the CSI resources of set A and the other parts of the settings related to the CSI resources of set B may be separately set.

[0134] According to Embodiment 2-1, the UE can appropriately perform measurements for data collection by receiving the settings related to the measurement of the DL RS.

[0135] <<CSI processing unit(CPU)>> The number of occupied CSI processing units (O_CPU) set to "none" for CSI reporting is specified. The value of O_CPU is 0 if TRS information (trs-info) is set (for TRS-based time-frequency synchronization) and 1 if TRS information (trs-info) is not set (for CSI-RS-based beam sweeping).

[0136] If CSI reporting is configured for data collection, the CPU may be designed based on the processing load of data collection.

[0137] <<Embodiment 2-2>> The UE may be configured with the number of CPUs to be occupied in measurements for data collection. For example, when condition #X is configured, the calculation of the number of CPUs to be occupied will be described below.

[0138] Condition #X may be at least one of the following: Option 1: reportQuantity is "none" or a specific value (eg, a value corresponding to the data collection). Option 2: Two configurations for CSI resources (e.g., separate configurations for Set A / Set B) are configured. Option 3: CSI reporting is configured for UE-side data collection. Option 4: Correlation ID is configured in the CSI Report / CSI Resource configuration.

[0139] The number of occupied CPUs may vary depending on at least one of the following options: RS [resource / resource set] in each option may mean RS [resource / resource set] in set A, or may mean RS [resource / resource set] in set A or set B. RS may be read as DL RS. Option 1: UE capabilities [corresponding to Set A or Set B respectively]. Option 2: The number of RS resource sets within one resource configuration. Option 3: The number of RS resources within one RS resource set. Option 4: The number of RS [antenna] ports. Option 5: The time / frequency domain allocation of RS.

[0140] According to Embodiment 2-2, the appropriate number of CPUs occupied in the measurements for data collection can be determined / used.

[0141] <<CPU Occupancy Period>> Explain the CPU occupancy period when the reporting amount is "none".

[0142] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the CPU occupancy period when transmitting an aperiodic (AP) CSI report. The CPU occupancy period for the AP CSI report is from the first symbol after the PDCCH that triggers the AP CSI report to Z'3 periods after the last symbol of the latest resource of the channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / SSB) resource for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0143] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the CPU occupancy period when transmitting a semi-persistent (SP) CSI report. The CPU occupancy period for the SP CSI report is from the first symbol (transmission opportunity) of the earliest RS resource (RS resource #1) among the channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / CSI IM / SSB) resources for L1-RSRP calculation to Z'3 periods after the last symbol (transmission opportunity) of the latest RS resource (RS resource #2) among the channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / SSB) resources for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0144] Regarding the CPU occupancy period, if an appropriate period is not set, problems such as an increase in the processing load of the UE or the inability of the NW to allocate other CSI reports in parallel may occur.

[0145] <<Embodiment 2-3>> When condition #X is set in the UE, at least one of the following options may apply to the occupied time of the CSI processing unit (CPU).

[0146] Option 1: The CPU occupancy period is from the first symbol after the PDCCH that triggers the AP CSI report to #1 period after the last symbol of the latest resource of the channel measurement reference signal (CSI-RS / SSB) for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0147] Option 2: The CPU occupancy period is from the first symbol (transmission opportunity) of the earliest channel measurement reference signal (CSI-RS / CSI IM / SSB) for L1-RSRP calculation to #2 period after the last symbol (transmission opportunity) of the newest RS resource of the channel measurement reference signal (CSI-RS / SSB) for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0148] Option 3: The period during which data collection is set.

[0149] Depending on the operation of the time domain of the relevant CSI report, different options may apply. For example, Option 1 may apply to the AP CSI report, and Option 2 or 3 may apply to the SP / periodic (P) CSI report.

[0150] At least one of the #1 period and #2 period of Option 1 and 2 may be the same as or different from the Z’3 period. At least one of the #1 period and #2 period may be sent to the UE using <<Notification of Information to the UE>> described below.

[0151] According to Embodiment 2-3, an appropriate CPU occupancy period occupied in the measurement for data collection can be determined / used.

[0152] <Supplementary Note> <<Notification of Information to the UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0153] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0154] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0155] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0156] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: QCL Type A. QCL Type B. QCL Type C. QCL Type D.

[0157] In the above embodiments, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs. · SSB. · CSI-RS with / without repetition. · TRS. · DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0158] In the above embodiments, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods. · Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific. · Cell-specific or common to multiple cells. · For each UE / CC / BWP / band / cell / cell group (CG).

[0159] <<Notification of Information from UE>> The notification of any information from the UE to the NW (or rather, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) in the above embodiments may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0160] When the above notification is performed by MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID not defined in the existing standard in the MAC sub-header.

[0161] When the above notification is performed by UCI, the above notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0162] Also, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0163] <<Application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS, the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information(s) of at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: Upper layer parameters indicating the above specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information are set. The specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is determined based on relevant upper layer parameters; The above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information are specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resources / channels / RS, Reporting or supporting specific UE capabilities indicating (or relating to) the above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information; · The application of the above specific processing / action / control / assumption / information is judged based on specific conditions.

[0164] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information; Supporting AI / ML prediction / inference for CSI / beams, Supporting data collection for AI / ML training · Supporting AI / ML training.

[0165] In the present disclosure, the terms "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0166] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0167] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0168] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0169] (Addendum) The following inventions are added regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix 1] a transmitter that transmits a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a receiving unit for receiving configuration information related to measurement of the DL RS; a control unit that measures the DL RS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model; A terminal having: [Appendix 2] The DL RS transmission request is included in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration complete message or User Equipment (UE) assistance information. The device described in Appendix 1. [Appendix 3] The configuration information includes one configuration related to resources of the DL RS corresponding to both the first set of RSs and the second set of RSs. A device as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2. [Appendix 4] The number of CSI processing units (CPUs) occupied in the measurement for data collection varies depending on at least one of the capability of the terminal, the number of DL RS resource sets in one resource configuration, the number of DL RS resources in one DL RS resource set, the number of DL RS ports, and the time or frequency domain allocation of DL RSs. 1. A terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3.

[0170] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0171] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like, which are specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0172] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0173] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0174] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0175] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0176] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a super cell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, sub-cells). A super cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range is fixed, and a sub-cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range varies semi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0177] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0178] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0179] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0180] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0181] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0182] The core network 30 may include network functions (NFs) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that a single network node may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

[0183] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0184] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0185] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0186] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0187] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0188] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0189] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0190] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0191] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0192] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0193] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0194] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0195] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0196] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0197] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0198] (base station) 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0199] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0200] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0201] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0202] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0203] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0204] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0205] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0206] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0207] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0208] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0209] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0210] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0211] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0212] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0213] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NFs), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0214] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0215] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may perform RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may perform higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may perform PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0216] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that implements all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0217] The transceiver 120 may receive transmission requests for downlink reference signals (DL RSs) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set, and may transmit configuration information related to measurements of the DL RSs.

[0218] The control unit 110 may control the reception of measurement results of the DL RS measured for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model.

[0219] (user terminal) 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0220] Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0221] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0222] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0223] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0225] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0226] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0227] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0228] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0229] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0230] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0231] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0232] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0233] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0234] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0235] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0236] The transmitting section and receiving section of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0237] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitter / receiver units described in the above appendix.

[0238] The control unit 210 may perform at least a part of the processing of the control unit described in the above-mentioned supplementary notes.

[0239] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or multiple devices with software.

[0240] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As mentioned above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0241] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0242] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be read interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0243] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0244] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0245] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission / reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0246] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0247] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0248] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be constituted by at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0249] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0250] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0251] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0252] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0253] Note that the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NFs) may also be realized by the above-described functional block / hardware configuration.

[0254] (Variation) Note that terms explained in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0255] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0256] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix length, a transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a radio frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and a specific windowing process performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0257] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol), and may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0258] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0259] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0260] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0261] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0262] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0263] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0264] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0265] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0266] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0267] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0268] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0269] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0270] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0271] The BWP may include an UL BWP (a BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (a BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0272] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0273] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0274] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0275] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0276] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0277] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0278] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0279] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / identifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0280] Notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0281] Note that the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, such as an RRC connection setup message or an RRC connection reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0282] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0283] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0284] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0285] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0286] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0287] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0288] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. The spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0289] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0290] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0291] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0292] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumptions," "QCL relationships," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0293] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0294] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0295] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0296] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0297] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0298] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0299] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0300] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0301] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0302] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0303] 13 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. A vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0304] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0305] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0306] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0307] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0308] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0309] The driving assistance system unit 64 is configured with various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0310] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0311] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0312] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0313] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0314] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0315] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0316] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0317] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination thereof.

[0318] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0319] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to systems that use 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0320] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0321] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0322] The term "determining," as used in this disclosure, may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0323] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0324] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0325] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0326] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...," "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...," "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0327] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0328] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0329] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0330] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0331] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0332] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0333] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with the prefix "i-th" (i is any integer) (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable as "i-th highest").

[0334] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0335] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions, such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be nearly zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0336] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0337] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. a transmitter that transmits a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a receiving unit for receiving setting information related to measurement of the DL RS; a control unit that measures the DL RS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model; A terminal having:

2. The DL RS transmission request is included in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration complete message or User Equipment (UE) assistance information. The terminal according to claim 1 .

3. The configuration information includes one configuration regarding resources of the DL RS corresponding to both the first RS set and the second RS set. The terminal according to claim 1 .

4. The number of CSI processing units (CPUs) occupied in the measurement for data collection varies depending on at least one of the capabilities of the terminal, the number of DL RS resource sets in one resource configuration, the number of DL RS resources in one DL RS resource set, the number of DL RS ports, and the time or frequency domain allocation of DL RSs. The terminal according to claim 1 .

5. transmitting a request to transmit a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; receiving configuration information regarding measurements of the DL RS; measuring the DL RS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model; A wireless communication method for a terminal having the above configuration.

6. a receiver for receiving a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a transmitter that transmits configuration information related to measurement of the DL RS; a control unit that controls reception of measurement results of the DL RS measured for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model; A base station having

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