Composition, negative electrode, and battery

Abstract

To provide a negative electrode material that contributes to improving battery safety, service life, stability, and electrical capacity.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a composition that includes composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The composition particles contain a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium elements. The dispersed particles contain a constituent element oxide including at least two constituent elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a composition, a negative electrode, and a battery, and more particularly to a composition, a negative electrode, and a battery that can improve battery safety, service life, stability, and electric capacity. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, research and development of batteries is focused on high energy density, high operating voltage, fast charging speed, and long cycle life. The currently commonly used negative electrode materials are carbon or graphite. However, during cycling using large currents, carbon or graphite, which has a mostly layered structure, cannot withstand the rapid absorption and release of ions, which is likely to lead to irreversible structural collapse, reducing the electrical capacity and storage life. If the current density is too high, polarization is likely to occur, causing lithium ions to be reduced to lithium metal on the sheet surface and forming lithium dendrites, which can cause a short circuit inside the battery and raise safety concerns.

[0003] In addition, the theoretical energy density of graphite is far lower than the kinetic energy demand of large-scale power devices such as electric vehicles, so the introduction of silicon-based materials with high energy density as new anode materials has become a trend in the development of subsequent lithium batteries.However, research has shown that after multiple charge-discharge cycles, batteries with silicon-based materials added will experience excessive volume changes due to the lithium ions repeatedly absorbing and releasing from the silicon-based materials, leading to material rupture, which will seriously affect the structural stability of the anode and significantly reduce the service life of the battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the present disclosure, a composite is formed using a niobium-titanium composite oxide and a multi-element oxide for application in an anode material. The uniform distribution of the multi-element oxide around the niobium-titanium composite oxide not only simplifies the process but also contributes to the structural stability and energy density of the composite. The oxide itself has high heat resistance, which contributes to improved safety and extended service life in high-temperature environments. The composition exhibits small crystalline volume changes and high mechanical stability during oxidation and reduction, allowing it to accommodate high current densities while maintaining the integrity of its overall structure, avoiding the problem of poor battery cycle life due to structural damage. The various oxides in the composition have similar redox potentials, which contribute to the more uniform formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during charging and discharging. This not only reduces the problems of reduced capacity and increased overall battery impedance due to lithium ion consumption, but also prevents the formation of lithium dendrites, improving battery safety. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a composition comprising composition particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials, wherein the composition particles comprise a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium elements, and the dispersed particles comprise a constituent element oxide containing at least two constituent elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

[0006] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a negative electrode comprising the composition described in the previous paragraph and a conducting agent.

[0007] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a battery including the negative electrode described in the preceding paragraph.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials, wherein the component particles comprise a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium elements, and the dispersed particles comprise a component element composite oxide containing at least three component elements.

[0009] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a negative electrode comprising the composition described in the preceding paragraph.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, there is provided a battery including the negative electrode described in the preceding paragraph. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present disclosure more clear and understandable, reference is made to the accompanying drawings as follows: [Figure 1] FIG. 10 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric curve of the battery of the first comparative example. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric curve of the battery of the second comparative example. [Figure 3A] FIG. 10 is a scanning electron microscope view of the negative electrode in the battery of the third comparative example. [Figure 3B] FIG. 10 is a cycle diagram when the battery of the third comparative example is discharged at a current of 1 C. [Figure 4A] FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a component particle in the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4B] FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4C] FIG. 2 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-coolant curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4D] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the third derivative of the charging curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4E] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the third derivative of the discharge curve of the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4F] FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope view of the negative electrode in the battery of the first embodiment. [Figure 4G] FIG. 1 is a cycle diagram showing the battery of the first embodiment when discharged at currents of 1C, 4C, and 6C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composition is provided that includes component particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The component particles include a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particles include a component oxide containing at least two component elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel. Thus, the present disclosure uses a niobium-titanium composite oxide and a multi-element oxide to form a composition for use as an anode material. The multi-element oxide is uniformly distributed around the niobium-titanium composite oxide, simplifying the process and contributing to improved structural stability and energy density of the composition. The oxide itself has high heat resistance, contributing to improved safety and extended service life of batteries in high-temperature environments. The composition exhibits small crystalline volume changes and high mechanical stability during oxidation and reduction, allowing it to accommodate high current densities while maintaining the integrity of its overall structure, thereby avoiding the problem of poor battery cycle life due to structural damage. The various oxides in the composition have similar redox potentials, which contribute to the more uniform formation of a solid electrolyte interfacial film during charging and discharging. This not only reduces the problems of reduced capacity and increased impedance of the entire battery due to the consumption of lithium ions, but also prevents the formation of lithium dendrites and improves the safety of battery use.

[0013] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition including component particles and dispersed particles, both of which are active materials. The component particles include a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particles include a component element composite oxide containing at least three component elements. This allows the composition to have more elements and similar redox potentials than single-element oxides. Multi-element oxides have application advantages such as more abundant redox reactions, higher electrochemical activity, and higher electrical conductivity, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the material and contributing to extended capacity retention and excellent cycle life.

[0014] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the composition has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.05 V to 4.00 V. By providing an oxidation peak or reduction peak within the voltage range, the composition can have a richer oxidation-reduction reaction, which contributes to improving the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0015] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the component particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the composition is pWen, and the condition 0.20≦pWtn / pWen≦5.00 can be satisfied. This contributes to improving the charging efficiency and energy density of the battery by providing an appropriate ratio of the component particles to the dispersed particles. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the condition 0.25≦pWtn / pWen≦4.00. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the condition 0.30≦pWtn / pWen≦3.50. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the condition 0.35≦pWtn / pWen≦3.00. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the condition 0.38≦pWtn / pWen≦2.80. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the condition 0.40≦pWtn / pWen≦2.50. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition: 0.40≦pWtn / pWen≦0.60, or 0.85≦pWtn / pWen≦1.15, or 2.25≦pWtn / pWen≦2.50.

[0016] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the component particles is tnD50, and the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles is enD50, and the condition 0.05≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦2.50 can be satisfied. This allows the particle sizes of the component particles and the dispersed particles to have an appropriate size ratio, contributing to more uniform dispersion of the dispersed particles and an increased contact area with the component particles. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.10≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦2.30, 0.20≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦2.00, 0.30≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦1.80, or 0.40≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦1.60. Or they can satisfy the condition 0.50≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦1.50.

[0017] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the composition particles is tnD50, which can satisfy the condition of 0.50 μm≦tnD50≦50.00 μm. This contributes to maintaining the stability of the composition particle structure and extending the battery life by ensuring that the cumulative particle size of the composition particles meets an appropriate size. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 1.00 μm≦tnD50≦30.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 1.50 μm≦tnD50≦20.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 2.00 μm≦tnD50≦15.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 5.00 μm≦tnD50≦10.00 μm.

[0018] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles, enD50, can satisfy the condition of 0.01 μm≦enD50≦5.00 μm. This contributes to improving the dispersibility of the dispersed particles and improving the energy density by ensuring that the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles satisfies an appropriate size. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 0.05 μm≦enD50≦4.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 0.10 μm≦enD50≦3.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 0.20 μm≦enD50≦2.50 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition of 0.30 μm≦enD50≦1.50 μm.

[0019] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the observed particle size of the constituent particles is SDtn, which may satisfy the condition 0.50 μm≦SDtn≦50.00 μm. This contributes to improving the structural integrity of the constituent particles by ensuring that the observed particle size of the constituent particles satisfies the appropriate size. Alternatively, it may satisfy the condition 1.00 μm≦SDtn≦35.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the condition 1.50 μm≦SDtn≦25.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the condition 2.00 μm≦SDtn≦20.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the condition 2.50 μm≦SDtn≦18.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the condition 3.00 μm≦SDtn≦15.00 μm.

[0020] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the observed particle size of the dispersed particles is SDen, which satisfies the condition 0.01 μm≦SDen≦5.00 μm. This contributes to improving the dispersibility of the dispersed particles and improving the energy density by ensuring that the observed particle size of the dispersed particles satisfies the appropriate size. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.03 μm≦SDen≦4.00 μm. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.05 μm≦SDen≦3.00 μm. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.10 μm≦SDen≦2.50 μm. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.15 μm≦SDen≦2.00 μm. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.20 μm≦SDen≦1.50 μm. Alternatively, the observed particle size may satisfy the condition 0.25 μm≦SDen≦1.00 μm.

[0021] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the constituent elements in the constituent element oxide may be at least two selected from copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese. As a result, the constituent element oxide is composed of at least two specific elements, and the physical and chemical advantages of each element contribute to improving the energy density.

[0022] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the constituent elements in the constituent element oxide may be at least three selected from copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese. As a result, the constituent element oxide is composed of at least three specific elements, and the multi-element oxide composition has more diverse redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity than a single-element oxide.

[0023] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the constituent elements in the constituent element composite oxide may be at least three selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel. As a result, the constituent element composite oxide is composed of at least three specific elements, and the multi-element oxide composition has more diverse redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity than a single-element oxide.

[0024] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the constituent element composite oxide may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon-tin-iron composite oxide, silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide, tin-copper-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, copper-manganese-nickel composite oxide, and copper-tin-nickel composite oxide. By using a specific ternary composite oxide as one of the composition materials, the composition can accommodate a large current density while maintaining the integrity of the overall structure, contributing to extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0025] According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising the composition described above and a conducting agent.

[0026] In the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, and the weight ratio of the conductive agent to the negative electrode material is pWc, and the condition 2.80≦pWo / pWc≦3.80 can be satisfied. This appropriate weight ratio between the composition and the conductive agent contributes to maintaining a balance between improved energy density and electrical conductivity. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 2.90≦pWo / pWc≦3.70, 3.00≦pWo / pWc≦3.60, 3.10≦pWo / pWc≦3.50, 3.15≦pWo / pWc≦3.40, or 3.20≦pWo / pWc≦3.30.

[0027] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20 V to 3.00 V. This allows the negative electrode material to have oxidation or reduction peaks within the voltage range, thereby providing more abundant oxidation-reduction reactions and contributing to improved electrochemical performance of the material.

[0028] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within a voltage range of 1.00 V to 2.50 V and at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.00 V. This provides higher electrochemical activity and contributes to improving the electrical capacity retention rate by analyzing the fact that the negative electrode material has multiple oxidation peaks during charging and multiple reduction peaks during discharging.

[0029] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the peak value of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa2, and the condition 0.50≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦5.00 can be satisfied. By calculating the ratio of the peak values ​​of the first oxidation peak and the second oxidation peak, the two oxidation peaks have close oxidation potentials, which contributes to reducing the problem of increased impedance after multiple charge / discharge cycles of the battery. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.60≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦4.00. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.70≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦3.50. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.80≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦3.00. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.90≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦2.80. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 1.00≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦2.50.

[0030] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, and the peak value of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc2, and the condition 1.50≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦8.00 can be satisfied. By calculating the ratio of the peak values ​​of the first reduction peak and the second reduction peak, the two reduction peaks have close reduction potentials, contributing to more uniform formation of an SEI film and extended battery life. Alternatively, the negative electrode material may satisfy the condition 1.80≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦7.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode material may satisfy the condition 2.00≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦6.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode material may satisfy the condition 2.10≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦5.50. Alternatively, the negative electrode material may satisfy the condition 2.20≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦5.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode material may satisfy the condition 2.30≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦4.50.

[0031] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, and can satisfy the condition 1.50V≦Epa1≦2.00V. Therefore, analyzing the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material contributes to the analysis of the elements that undergo optimal oxidation reactions and the transition process of valence states during the oxidation process, thereby assisting in the setting of the optimal charging operation range. Alternatively, it can satisfy the condition 1.55V≦Epa1≦1.95V, or 1.60V≦Epa1≦1.90V, or 1.65V≦Epa1≦1.85V, or 1.68V≦Epa1≦1.82V, or 1.70V≦Epa1≦1.80V.

[0032] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa2, and the condition 1.00 V≦Epa2≦2.00 V can be satisfied. Therefore, by analyzing the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material, the progress of the redox reaction can be maintained, contributing to improved coulombic efficiency. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 1.10 V≦Epa2≦1.90 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 1.20 V≦Epa2≦1.80 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 1.30 V≦Epa2≦1.75 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 1.40 V≦Epa2≦1.70 V.

[0033] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the first reduction peak voltage of the negative electrode material is Epc1, and can satisfy the condition 0.20 V≦Epc1≦1.20 V. Therefore, analyzing the first reduction peak voltage of the negative electrode material contributes to the analysis of the elements that undergo optimal reduction reactions and the valence state transition process during the reduction process, thereby assisting in the setting of an optimal charging operation range. Alternatively, the first reduction peak voltage can satisfy the condition 0.40 V≦Epc1≦1.10 V, the condition 0.60 V≦Epc1≦1.00 V, the condition 0.75 V≦Epc1≦0.95 V, the condition 0.25 V≦Epc1≦0.90 V, the condition 0.28 V≦Epc1≦0.70 V, or the condition 0.30 V≦Epc1≦0.50 V.

[0034] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc2, and the voltage can satisfy the condition 0.20 V≦Epc2≦1.80 V. Therefore, by analyzing the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material, the progress of the redox reaction can be maintained and the coulombic efficiency can be improved. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 0.30 V≦Epc2≦1.70 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 0.40 V≦Epc2≦1.65 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 0.50 V≦Epc2≦1.60 V. Alternatively, the voltage can satisfy the condition 0.55 V≦Epc2≦1.55 V.

[0035] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, and the condition 0.40 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.80 V can be satisfied. This reduces the difference between the voltage of the first oxidation peak and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material, thereby contributing to improving the reversibility of the electrochemical redox reaction. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.50 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.70 V, or 0.60 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.60 V, or 0.65 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.55 V, or 0.70 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.50 V, or 0.75 V ≦ Epa1 − Epc1 ≦ 1.45 V.

[0036] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the peak value of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, and the condition 0.30≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.50 can be satisfied. This reduces the ratio of the peak value of the first oxidation peak to the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material, thereby improving the Coulombic efficiency of charge and discharge and contributing to extending the battery life. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.35≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.30. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.40≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.20. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.45≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.10. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.48≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.00. Or they can satisfy the condition 0.50≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦0.95.

[0037] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the density of the negative electrode material is DSan, which is 0.40 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.80g / cm 3 This allows the negative electrode material to have an appropriate density, contributing to an improvement in the energy density of the battery. 3 ≦DSan≦1.60g / cm 3 Or it can satisfy the condition of 0.50 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.50g / cm 3 Or it can satisfy the condition of 0.53 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.40g / cm 3 Or it can satisfy the condition of 0.56 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.30g / cm 3 Or it can satisfy the condition of 0.60 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.20g / cm 3 The condition can be satisfied.

[0038] According to the negative electrode of the present disclosure, the thickness of the negative electrode material is THa and the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, and these conditions can be satisfied: 1.0 μm≦THa≦70.0 μm and 0.50 mΩ≦Ran≦50.00 mΩ. Thus, when the thickness of the negative electrode material is maintained within an appropriate range, its resistance also satisfies an appropriate range, contributing to maintaining the cycle stability of the battery. Alternatively, these conditions can be satisfied: 3.0 μm≦THa≦60.0 μm and 0.60 mΩ≦Ran≦40.00 mΩ. Alternatively, these conditions can be satisfied: 5.0 μm≦THa≦50.0 μm and 0.70 mΩ≦Ran≦20.00 mΩ. Alternatively, these conditions can be satisfied: 7.0 μm≦THa≦40.0 μm and 0.80 mΩ≦Ran≦10.00 mΩ. Alternatively, they may satisfy the conditions: 8.0 μm≦THan≦30.0 μm, and 0.90 mΩ≦Ran≦5.00 mΩ, or 10.0 μm≦THan≦20.0 μm, and 0.95 mΩ≦Ran≦3.00 mΩ.

[0039] According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery including the aforementioned negative electrode.

[0040] According to the battery of the present disclosure, when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C1V100, and the condition 0.50≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.80 can be satisfied. Comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle and the intermediate cycles contributes to improving the durability of the battery. Alternatively, the condition 0.60≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.60 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.70≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.80≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.30 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.90≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.25 can be satisfied. Or they can satisfy the condition 1.00≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.20.

[0041] According to the battery of the present disclosure, when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 500th cycle is C1V500, and the condition 0.50≦C1V500 / C1V10≦2.50 can be satisfied. This contributes to improving the durability of the battery by comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle and after a number of long-term cycles. Alternatively, the battery can satisfy the condition 0.60≦C1V500 / C1V10≦2.30, the condition 0.70≦C1V500 / C1V10≦2.10, the condition 0.80≦C1V500 / C1V10≦2.00, or the condition 0.90≦C1V500 / C1V10≦1.90. Or they may satisfy the condition 1.00≦C1V500 / C1V10≦1.85.

[0042] According to the battery of the present disclosure, when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C4V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C4V100, and the condition 0.50≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.50 can be satisfied. This contributes to extending the battery's life during a high-current charge-discharge test by comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle and the intermediate cycles. Alternatively, the battery can satisfy the condition 0.60≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.40, or the condition 0.70≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.30, or the condition 0.80≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.20. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition 0.85≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.15, or 0.90≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.10.

[0043] According to the battery of the present disclosure, when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C6V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C6V100, and the condition 0.50≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.50 can be satisfied. By performing a high-current charge / discharge test and comparing the difference in capacity between the 10th cycle and the intermediate cycles, this contributes to improving the battery's high-current charge / discharge stability. Alternatively, the condition 0.60≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.40 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.70≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.30 can be satisfied. Alternatively, the condition 0.75≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.20 can be satisfied. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition 0.80≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.10, or 0.85≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.00.

[0044] According to the battery of the present disclosure, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C is C4V100. This satisfies the condition 0.50≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.20. As a result, as shown by a high-current battery charge / discharge test, when the composition is used as a negative electrode material, it has high chemical stability and high ion mobility, contributing to improved safety during rapid charging of the battery. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition 0.60≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.15, or 0.70≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.10, or 0.75≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.05. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition 0.80≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.03, or 0.85≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.00.

[0045] According to the battery of the present disclosure, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6 C is C6V100. This satisfies the condition 0.30≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.20. As a result, as can be seen from a comparison of the high-current charge / discharge capacity and the low-current charge / discharge capacity, using the composition as a negative electrode material contributes to improving the battery's charge / discharge performance. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.40≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.15. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.45≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.10. Alternatively, they can satisfy the condition 0.50≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.05. Alternatively, they may satisfy the condition 0.55≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.00, or 0.60≦C6V100 / C1V100≦0.95.

[0046] In the composition described herein, the surface of the component particles may have a pore structure, and the dispersed particles may be located within the pore structure on the surface of the component particles. The composition is formed by adding the component particles and dispersed particles to a solution to form a colloidal solution. Because the particle size of the component particles is significantly larger than that of the dispersed particles, the dispersed particles can be closely distributed around the component particles to form the composition. An adhesive may be added to the colloidal solution to improve the coverage of the dispersed particles around the component particles. The electrical conductivity and charge of the component particles or dispersed particles can be changed by adjusting the electrolyte added to the solution, the pH value of the solution, etc., and the component particles and dispersed particles can attract each other due to their different electrical charges in the solution.

[0047] The composition particles described in the present disclosure may include niobium titanium composite oxide, lithium titanium composite oxide, or niobium vanadium composite oxide.

[0048] The dispersed particles described in the present disclosure may be a mixed material, and the mixed material may include a constituent element oxide, a tin-based alloy, a modified silicon material, a carbon silicon material, a lithium-containing metal compound, a lithium-containing metal oxide, metallic lithium, or a combination thereof; the constituent element oxide may include a constituent element composite oxide and a constituent element mixed oxide; and the modified silicon material may include a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material.

[0049] The active materials described in the present disclosure may be those that themselves participate in redox reactions within the operating voltage range of a battery. Whether a material is an active material can be determined by constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric differential capacity analysis (DCA). If the tested material is an active material, it will have an oxidation or reduction peak within this operating voltage range.

[0050] The niobium-titanium composite oxide described in the present disclosure may include an undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide and a composite oxide doped with niobium-titanium. The composition components of the undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide include at least niobium element, titanium element and oxygen element. The niobium-titanium composite oxide includes various compounds and may further be represented by the following chemical formula. Ti x Nb y O z , z ≦ 4x + 5y, for example, TiNb2O7, Ti2Nb 10 O 29 , TiNb 14 O 37 and TiNb 24 O 62 . The crystal structure of the niobium-titanium composite oxide may be cubic crystal system, monoclinic crystal system, orthorhombic crystal system, ReO3-type lattice or layered structure, etc. The composite oxide doped with niobium-titanium may be selected from those obtained by doping at least one doping element into at least one compound of the above undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide and may further be represented by the following chemical formula. Ti (x-a) M1 a Nb (y-b) M2 b O (z-c) M3 c , M1, M2 and M3 are doping elements, 0 ≦ a < x, 0 ≦ b < y, 0 ≦ c < z. By adjusting the doped element or doping ratio, the change of the structure can be brought about. Furthermore, at least one auxiliary material can be selected to coat or fill the surface or voids of the niobium-titanium composite oxide.

[0051] The lithium-titanium composite oxide described in the present disclosure may include an undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide and a composite oxide doped with lithium-titanium. The composition components of the undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide include at least lithium element, titanium element and oxygen element. The lithium-titanium composite oxide includes various compounds, for example, Li4Ti5O12 , LiTi2O4, Li2Ti3O7 and Li2TiO3. The lithium titanium doped composite oxide may be selected from at least one compound of the above non-doped lithium titanium composite oxides doped with at least one doping element, and the structure can be changed by adjusting the doping element or doping ratio, and at least one auxiliary material can be selected to cover or fill the surface or voids of the lithium titanium composite oxide.

[0052] The doping element described in the present disclosure may be any one element selected from Group IA, Group IIA, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group VIIIB, Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group VA, Group VIA, and Group VIIA, or may further be at least one element selected from lithium, boron, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, gallium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, arsenic, bromine, zirconium, molybdenum, antimony, iodine, tungsten, and bismuth. Doping with a highly conductive or light element improves the conductivity of the niobium titanium doped composite oxide, contributing to improving the fast charging performance and energy density of the battery.

[0053] The constituent element described in the present disclosure may be a metal element or a metalloid element, and the metal element may be any one selected from Groups IA, IIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, and IVA, and the metalloid element may include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. The constituent element may further be selected from lithium, titanium, niobium, cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

[0054] The constituent element composite oxide described in the present disclosure may include a compound formed from at least two constituent elements, such as lithium titanium composite oxide, niobium titanium composite oxide, cobalt copper composite oxide, cobalt tin composite oxide, cobalt silicon composite oxide, cobalt iron composite oxide, cobalt manganese composite oxide, cobalt nickel composite oxide, copper tin composite oxide, copper silicon composite oxide, copper iron composite oxide, copper manganese composite oxide, copper nickel composite oxide, tin silicon composite oxide, tin iron composite oxide, tin manganese composite oxide, tin nickel composite oxide, silicon iron composite oxide, silicon manganese composite oxide, silicon nickel composite oxide, iron manganese composite oxide, iron nickel composite oxide, manganese nickel composite oxide, or more specifically, the constituent element composite oxide may include a compound formed from at least three of the constituent elements, such as silicon tin iron composite oxide, silicon copper manganese composite oxide, tin copper cobalt composite oxide, tin manganese nickel composite oxide, copper manganese nickel composite oxide, or copper tin nickel composite oxide.

[0055] The mixed oxide of constituent elements described in the present disclosure may contain constituent elements. More specifically, the mixed oxide of constituent elements may be a mixture formed by at least two oxides containing the constituent elements, such as a mixture formed by tin oxide and nickel oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and manganese oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and lithium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and tin oxide, or a mixture formed by silicon oxide and iron oxide. More specifically, the mixed oxide of constituent elements may be a mixture formed by at least three oxides containing the constituent elements, such as a mixture formed by silicon oxide, tin oxide, and iron oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide, copper oxide, and manganese oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide, copper oxide, and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture formed by copper oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide, or a mixture formed by copper oxide, tin oxide, and nickel oxide.

[0056] Tin-based alloys described in the present disclosure may include tin-phosphorus alloys, tin-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony alloys, tin-cobalt-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony-sulfur alloys, and tin-copper-phosphorus alloys.

[0057] The modified silicon material described in the present disclosure may comprise a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material, and the silicon-based material and the auxiliary material may form a mixture, a chemical bond, or a film layer structure. More specifically, the auxiliary material may be a polymer, and the polymer may form a film layer structure around the silicon-based material by chemical bonding or physical mixing. The polymer may be polymerized from at least two monomers, including a first monomer containing a siloxane group and a second monomer containing a carboxyl group or an ester group. The first monomer is closer to the silicon-based material than the second monomer, and the unsaturated alkenyl or acrylate group contained in the first monomer may be covalently linked to the unsaturated alkenyl or acrylate group contained in the second monomer through addition polymerization and copolymerization to form a polymer. A crosslinking agent may be added to the polymer to crosslink the linear polymers to form a network structure.

[0058] The silicon-based materials described in this disclosure may be silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbon composites, silicon alloys. The particle size at D50 of the silicon-based material is sD50, and can satisfy the condition of 10.0nm≦sD50≦10000.0nm, and can also satisfy the condition of 10.0nm≦sD50≦3000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦2000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦1000.0nm, 10.0nm≦sD50≦500.0nm, 20.0nm≦sD50≦400.0nm, 30.0nm≦sD50≦300.0nm, 40.0nm≦sD50≦250.0nm, 50.0nm≦sD50≦200.0nm, 60.0nm≦sD50≦150.0nm, or 70.0nm≦sD50≦100.0nm. The sD50 may be 20 nm, 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 800 nm, 1000 nm, 1500 nm, 2000 nm, 2500 nm or 3000 nm.

[0059] The carbon active material described in the present disclosure may be graphite, graphene, carbon microspheres, hard carbon, or soft carbon.

[0060] The first monomer described in the present disclosure contains at least one alkenyl group (-C=C-), carbonyl group (-C=O), carboxyl group (-COOH), amide group (-CONH2), or silyl enol ether (SEN). The silanoxy compound (Siloxy) containing ether may be, for example, ethenyltrimethoxysilane, ethenyltriethoxysilane, ethenyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane, (2-(Chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl-trimethoxysilane), [2-hydroxy-3-[3-[methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propoxy]propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-[Dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-[Methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate2-methylprop-2-enoate, N-Prop-2-enyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine, (3-Isocyanatopropyl)-triethoxysilane, 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, and vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane silanol terminated copolymer. The silanoxy compound may further include, for example, but not limited to, the following structure: (R)3-Si-(CH2) n -X-(CH2) m -A, R is selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a silanoxy group, X is a methyl group or an oxy group, A is selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an acrylate group, and a methacrylonitrile acrylate group, and n and m satisfy the condition that 0≦n+m≦10. Examples of the silanoxy compound include triethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-trimethylsilyloxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate.MPS), 4-Trimethoxysilylbutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 5-Trimethoxysilylpentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 6-Trimethoxysilylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 7-Trimethoxysilylheptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 8-Trimethoxysilyloctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 9-Trimethoxysilylnonyl These may include 9-trimethoxysilylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 10-trimethoxysilyldecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 3-tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate. Silanoxy compounds form active silanol groups (Si-OH) through a hydrolysis reaction, and can undergo a condensation reaction with silicon-based materials (particularly via an oxidizing agent to form a silicon oxide layer on the surface) to form siloxane compounds with a silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) structure. The oxidizing agent converts silicon-hydrogen bonds (Si-H) on the surface of the silicon-based material into silanol groups (Si-OH).It can oxidize silicon to silicon dioxide (Si-OH) or silicon to silicon dioxide, contributing to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of silicon-based materials;

[0061] The second monomer described in the present disclosure may have a carboxyl group or an ester group, such as 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (DMAEMA), methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (MMA), methyl prop-2-enoate (MA), 2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate (2EHA), prop-2-enoic acid (AA), 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (IBMA), benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (Benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 2-methylprop-2-enoate (BZMA), oxolan-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate (THFA), 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate (EDGA), dodecyl prop-2-enoate (LA), or a combination of the above monomers.

[0062] The crosslinking agent described in the present disclosure can bond and crosslink linear polymers to each other to form a network structure, and may be any compound having an unsaturated vinyl group at its terminal (terminally ethylenically unsaturated compound), such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid; EDTA, ethoxylated-9 trimethylolpropane triacrylate,TMP9EOTA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), allyl methacrylate (Prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate (3-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 2,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate ([2-Methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (4-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (6-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate);

[0063] The silicon carbon composites described in the present disclosure may include a silicon-coated carbon shell film layer structure, a silicon carbon yolk-shell structure, and a porous structure. The silicon-coated carbon shell film layer structure is formed by coating a carbon shell around a silicon material through oxygen-free high-temperature decomposition. The silicon carbon yolk-shell structure is formed by forming silicon oxide on the silicon surface, followed by oxygen-free high-temperature decomposition to coat a layer of carbon around the silicon material, followed by removing the silicon oxide with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and crushing the silicon particles into fine nanoparticles. The porous structure is formed by forming a silicon carbide ceramic porous material with a low self-diffusion coefficient or by adding a foam material and carbonizing the intermediate product through sintering or electrochemical corrosion.

[0064] The carbon-based materials described herein may be formed by carbonizing a carbon-containing precursor through heat treatment, and the carbon-containing precursor may include an organic compound, which may further include sugars, asphalts, or organic polymers.

[0065] The carbon conductive material described in the present disclosure may be graphite, carbon microspheres, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, Ketjenblack, carbon black (Carbon black, Super P), or carbon nanotubes (CNT).

[0066] The negative electrode materials described in this disclosure may include a composition and a supplemental material.

[0067] The auxiliary materials described in this disclosure may include polymers, metals, alloys, non-metal oxides, metal oxides, fluorides, organic compounds, adhesives, guiding agents or additives.

[0068] The adhesive described herein may be polyvinylidene fluoride (Poly(1,1-difluoroethylene; PVDF), styrene-butadiene copolymer (Styrene-butadiene rubber; SBR), polyethylene (Poly(methylene; PE), polyvinyl alcohol (Poly(Ethenol; PVA), polyethylenepyrrolidone (Poly(1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; PVP), polypropylene (Poly(1-methylethylene; PP), polyacrylonitrile (Poly(1-acrylonitrile; PAN), carboxymethyl cellulose (Carboxymethyl Cellulose; CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (Poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene; PTFE), tertiary ethyl propyl copolymer (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer; EPDM), chlorine sulfonated polyethylene (Hypalon Polyethlene Rubber; CSM), or alginic acid formed by linear polymerization of monosaccharide uronic acid.

[0069] The conducting agent described in the present disclosure may be graphite, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, ketjenblack, carbon black (Super P), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon microspheres, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium dioxide, potassium titanate fiber (PHT), or a combination thereof.

[0070] The negative electrode sheet described in the present disclosure may be manufactured in a manner such as single-layer or double-layer coating, vacuum coating, or composite structure.

[0071] The positive electrode material described herein may include lithium or a lithium composite metal oxide containing at least one metal, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO, LiMnO), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNiCoO), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNiMnO), lithium manganese cobalt oxide (LiCoMnO, LiCoMnO), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiCoMnO, LiNiCoMnO), or a combination thereof, and the lithium composite metal oxide may include a variety of different oxidation states.

[0072] The electrolyte described in the present disclosure may be composed of metal salts, additives, organic solvents, etc., where the composition ratio of the organic solvent is greater than the composition ratio of the additives, and the electrolyte state may be liquid, colloidal, or solid. The additives and organic solvents serving as the electrolyte may be physically mixed, and at least one of the following additives or organic solvent monomers may be selected as a polymerization precursor.

[0073] The metal salts described herein may be inorganic lithium salts including LiPF, LiBF, LiSbF, LiAsF, LiClO, LiCBO, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO, LiGaCl, etc.; fluorine-containing lithium sulfonates such as LiCFSO, LiN(CSO), LiN(CFSO), LiC(CFSO); LiBF(CO)(LiDFOB), LiB(CO)(LiBOB), or combinations thereof, and the metal salts may include a variety of different oxidation states.

[0074] The organic solvents described herein may be carbonates, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, sulfur-containing compounds, or combinations thereof, and the organic solvents may be used as additives.

[0075] The additives described in the present disclosure may be carbonate compounds, lactides, ether group-containing cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, inorganic oxides, or combinations thereof, and the addition of an appropriate amount of additive contributes to improving battery functions, such as improving the SEI film composition, improving high-temperature and high-voltage functions, improving ion conduction ability, reducing electrolyte impedance, improving cycle stability, stabilizing the integrity of positive and negative electrode materials, and improving electrochemical stability.

[0076] The organic solvent structure described in the present disclosure contains a polymerizable olefin group and can be a monomer of a second structure precursor, such as 2H-1,3-dioxol-2-one (vinylene carbonate; VC), 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (vinylethylene carbonate; VEC), 1,3-dithiole-2-thione (vinylene trithiocarbonate), 2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 1-ethenylsulfonylethene, propenyl-1-ene-1,3-sultone, an ether group-containing cyclic compound additive, or an aromatic compound additive.

[0077] The carbonate organic solvents (carbonate esters) described in the present disclosure may be compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxy groups in the carbonic acid molecules are partially or completely substituted with alkyl groups, and may be divided into cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. The linear carbonate may include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC). The cyclic carbonate may include ethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; Ethylene carbonate; EC), propylene carbonate (4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Propylene carbonate; PC), and trimethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxan-2-one; Trimethylene carbonate). carbonate; TMC), 1,2-butylene carbonate (4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene carbonate), 2,3-butylene carbonate ((4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate), 1,2-pentylene carbonate (1,2-Pentylene carbonate), 2,3-pentylene carbonate (2,3-Pentylene carbonate), vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC), vinylethylene carbonate (4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene carbonate;The fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (Trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Difluoroethylene carbonate; DFEC), vinylene trithiocarbonate (1,3-Dithiole-2-thione; Vinylene trithiocarbonate), or a combination thereof may be included.

[0078] The carboxylic acid ester organic solvent described in the present disclosure is produced by an esterification reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, and may be methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, lactone, or a combination thereof. Lactone may further be described as containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure and refers to a compound containing a hydroxy group and a carboxylic acid. The cyclic carboxylic acid ester monomers are formed by intramolecular condensation and can be selected from a variety of combinations depending on the position of the cyclic hydroxy group and the number of carbon atoms in the ring. These may include α-acetolactone (Oxiran-2-one), β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one), γ-butyrolactone (Oxolan-2-one), γ-valerolactone (5-Methyloxolan-2-one), σ-valerolactone (Oxan-2-one), γ-caprolactone (5-Ethyloxolan-2-one), ε-caprolactone (Oxepan-2-one), δ-gluconolactone (D-Glucono-1; 5-lactone), or combinations thereof.

[0079] The ether organic solvent described in the present disclosure may be tetrahydrofuran (Oxolane; THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-Methyloxolane; 2-MeTHF), 1,3-dioxolane (1,3-Dioxolane; DOL), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (4-MeDOL), dimethoxymethane (Dimethoxymethane; DMM), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-Dimethoxyethane; DME), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (2,2-Dimethoxypropane; DMP), 1,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane (1,2-Bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane; DENE), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1-Methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane; DG), or a combination thereof.

[0080] The sulfur-containing organic solvent described in the present disclosure may be divided into sulfonyl-containing compounds (-(O=)S(=O)-) and sulfonate compounds (-S0-). The sulfonyl-containing compounds may include 2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide and 1-ethenylsulfonylethene. The sulfonate compounds may further include mesylates (CHSO-). - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate mesylate (Trifluoromethanesulfonate; CF3SO2O -and p-toluenesulfonyl group (Tosyl), and may include 1-methylsulfonyloxyethane, methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, oxathiolane 2,2-dione, prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone, 1,3,2-dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide, or a combination thereof.

[0081] The lactone cyclic ester additive described in the present disclosure may be a polycyclic diester monomer formed by esterification condensation of two identical or different compounds containing hydroxy acids, and may include glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; Glycolide), lactide (3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; Lactide), or a combination thereof. Depending on the stereoisomers formed by various spatial arrangements of atoms, lactide may be subdivided into LL-lactide ((R,R)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; LL-lactide), DD-lactide ((S,S)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DD-lactide), and DL-lactide ((meso)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DL-lactide). Alternatively, it may be a polymer formed by directly copolymerizing a carboxylic acid compound containing a hydroxy group without a ring-opening reaction, and may contain 2-hydroxyacetic acid (glycolic acid), 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid), 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, or a combination thereof.

[0082] The ether group-containing cyclic compound additive described in the present disclosure may be a crown ether. Crown ethers have an ethyleneoxy group (—CH2CHO—) as the main repeating unit structure, and include 9-crown-3 (1,4,7-trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown-4 (1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5), 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane; 18-Crown-6), 2 The compound may include 1-crown-7 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19-Heptaoxacycloheneicosane; 21-Crown-7), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-Octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctadecine; Dibenzo-18-crown-6), diaza-18-crown-6 (1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane; Diaza-18-crown-6), or a combination thereof.

[0083] The aromatic compound additive described herein may include methoxybenzene, 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene, tert-butylbenzene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-difluorobenzene, 1,1′-oxydibenzene, 1,4-diphenylbenzene, 2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)aniline, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline, or combinations thereof.

[0084] The phosphorus-containing compound additive described herein may include tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSPi), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (1,3,5,2,4,6-Triazatriphosphorine, 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-), or a combination thereof.

[0085] The boron-containing compound additive described herein may include trimethyl borate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, or a combination thereof.

[0086] The inorganic oxide additives described in this disclosure include lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LiLaZrO), lithium lanthanum zirconium tungsten oxide (LiLaZrTaO), lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LiLaTiO), lithium phosphate (LiPO), lithium fluorophosphate (LiPOF), lithium titanium phosphate (LiTiPO), lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LiAlGeP), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate oxide (LiAlTiPO), lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur oxide (LiGePSO), lithium tin phosphorus sulfur The inorganic oxide additives may be composite materials such as lead zirconium titanium oxide (LiSnPSO), lead zirconium titanium oxide (PbZrTiO), lead lanthanum zirconium titanium oxide (PbLaZrTiO), barium titanium oxide (BaTiO), etc. The inorganic oxide additives may be in various oxidation states or may include Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, CaO, MgO, ZrO2, CeO2, YO3, etc., which can reduce the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte and further increase the ionic conductivity and the physical and mechanical strength of the electrolyte, thereby contributing to extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0087] The separator described in the present disclosure may be a film having a porous structure, and may include a single-layer or multi-layer film of polyolefin, polyamide, or polyester fiber, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), or epoxy resin. Alternatively, the surface may include at least one inorganic ceramic composite film such as Mg(OH)2, MgO, BaSO4, SnO2, NiO, CaO, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, or TiO2, or a combination thereof, and the inorganic ceramic composite film may include a variety of different oxidation states.

[0088] The current collector described in the present disclosure may be a substrate made of a metal foil or a conductive polymer, and the metal foil may be selected from aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, tungsten, stainless steel, or alloys formed by the above.

[0089] The number of battery cycles described in this disclosure is defined as the number of cycles obtained by completing one discharge and one charge test while the battery is in a commercially available product state, with the first test in this state being the first cycle as defined in this disclosure, and accumulating this number of cycles.

[0090] The capacitance described in this disclosure may be measured by measuring the charge capacitance of the battery and the discharge capacitance of the battery, and the capacitance may be calculated as volumetric capacitance (mAh / cm 3 The volumetric capacity may be divided into volumetric capacity (mAh / g) and gravimetric capacity (mAh / g), where volumetric capacity represents the capacity that a sheet can provide per cubic centimeter in a battery, and the volume of the current collector must be subtracted to calculate the volumetric capacity. Gravimetric capacity represents the capacity that a sheet can provide per gram in a battery, and the weight of the current collector must be subtracted to calculate the gravimetric capacity. The sheet may be a positive electrode sheet or a negative electrode sheet.

[0091] The C-rate (C) described in this disclosure may represent the magnitude of the current in one hour when the battery is fully discharged, and C may be a unit of the current at which the battery is charged and discharged.

[0092] The battery measurement voltage range described in the present disclosure may be selected appropriately based on the oxidation-reduction potential of the positive and negative electrode materials, and the voltage range is selectively 0V to 5.0V, preferably 0V to 3.0V, and preferably 1.0V to 4.5V.

[0093] The discharged volumetric capacity described in the present disclosure may be expressed as CiVj, and the discharged gravimetric capacity may be expressed as CiGj, where i represents the charge / discharge current in C, and j represents the current cycle number of the battery charge / discharge.

[0094] The coulombic efficiency described in this disclosure may be expressed as nxCyEz, where x represents the lower limit of the specified percentage range, y represents the charge / discharge current in C, and z represents the cutoff cycle number for battery charge / discharge.

[0095] The coulombic efficiency described in this disclosure may be expressed as an average value as aCyEz, where y represents the charge / discharge current in C, and z represents the cutoff cycle number for battery charge / discharge.

[0096] The battery components described in the present disclosure may include a battery housing, an elastomer sheet, a weight sheet, a cover plate, a tab, and a cap.

[0097] The bipolar battery described in the present disclosure may include a bipolar battery sheet and an electrolyte, one side of the bipolar battery sheet being a positive electrode containing a positive electrode material, and the other side being a negative electrode containing a negative electrode material, and two bipolar battery sheets (the electrolyte contacts the positive electrode of one bipolar battery sheet and the negative electrode of another bipolar battery sheet) are connected via the electrolyte to form a bipolar battery unit, and multiple bipolar battery units are connected in series to form a bipolar battery.

[0098] The battery described in the present disclosure may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, and the electrochemical carrier of the primary battery or the secondary battery may be at least one of a button-type carrier, a winding-type carrier, or a laminated-type carrier, and may be applied to the lightweight and thin designs of portable electronic products such as digital cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, game console handles, etc., and may also be applied to the large-scale energy storage industry, such as lightweight electric vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0099] The constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric differential analysis (DCA) described in this disclosure may be used to determine the optimum voltage range for redox of the test object. A constant current of 1 C is set to charge or discharge, and the charge / discharge operating voltage range is set to 0.00 V to 5.00 V (vs. Li + / Li). Using the voltage-coulometric curve data of the first charge and discharge of this test object, the voltage is differentiated to the first order, and the x-axis is set to voltage (V vs Li + / Li) and the y-axis is plotted as dQ / dV (mAh / V), and a constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric curve differential diagram can be obtained. The first derivative of the charge curve allows observation of the voltage and peak value of the optimum oxidation peak of the test object. The first derivative of the discharge curve allows observation of the voltage and peak value of the optimum reduction peak of the test object. The criteria for determining the oxidation peak are as follows: The voltage is third-differentiated using the charge voltage-coulometric curve data to obtain the third-differential charge curve data, and the value of -5 (mAh / V) in the third-differential charge curve data is used. 3 ) is set as the oxidation peak voltage, the voltage corresponding to the smallest peak is set as the first oxidation peak voltage, the peak value corresponding to the first oxidation peak voltage in the first derivative data of the charge curve is set as the first oxidation peak value, the voltage corresponding to the second smallest peak value is set as the second oxidation peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second oxidation peak voltage in the first derivative data of the charge curve is set as the second oxidation peak value. The criteria for determining the reduction peak are as follows: The discharge voltage-coulometric curve data is used to third-derive the voltage to obtain the third derivative data of the discharge curve, and the value of 5 (mAh / V) in the third derivative data of the discharge curve is set as the 3 ) is set as the reduction peak voltage, the voltage corresponding to the largest peak value is set as the first reduction peak voltage, the peak value corresponding to the first reduction peak voltage in the first derivative data of the discharge curve is set as the first reduction peak value, the voltage corresponding to the second largest peak value is set as the second reduction peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second reduction peak voltage in the first derivative data of the discharge curve is set as the second reduction peak value.

[0100] The electrochemical stability described in this disclosure was measured using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a scan rate of 0.1 V / s. + The measurement was performed cyclically under the condition of the / Li relative voltage of -5.00V to 5.00V, and the corresponding current and voltage relationship changes were obtained.

[0101] The cumulative particle size described in this disclosure represents the particle size distribution of various particle sizes in the test article. A cumulative particle size distribution function can be obtained based on the distribution ratio of each particle size and the cumulative percentage based on volume. For example, if the particle size at which the cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 50% is defined as D50, it can be shown that 50% of the particles in the test article have a particle size smaller than D50. D10 and D90 are inferred based on this. Unless otherwise specified, D50 is used as the particle size determination standard, and the cumulative particle size of the test article can be measured using a laser analyzer or dynamic light scattering meter.

[0102] The observed particle size described in this disclosure is obtained by observing a top view of the composition using an electron microscope, dividing it into shallow and deep regions in the direction perpendicular to the top view, preferentially selecting particles in the shallow region that conform to a granular or spherical shape, and measuring the maximum diameter of a single particle.If the test object has an irregular shape, the lengths of the longest and shortest sides are measured and averaged, and at least three or more particles within the measurement range are selected for measurement.

[0103] The laser analyzer described in this disclosure uses a Malvern Mastersizer 3000+ to measure particle sizes larger than the wavelength of the incident light, with larger particles having smaller diffraction angles and smaller particles having larger diffraction angles. The array of multiple detectors with different angles analyzes the scattering phenomenon of micron-sized particles after receiving light to analyze the particle size.

[0104] The particle size described in the present disclosure may be measured by dynamic light scattering, which measures the temporal amplitude of light scattered by particles in Brownian motion, to determine the particle size and its particle size distribution, and the particle size may be calculated based on the Stokes-Einstein equation, which is as follows: D=kT / (3πηDf), D is the particle size (unit: m), k is Pottsmann's constant (unit: J / K), T is the absolute temperature (unit: K), and η is the solvent viscosity (unit: kg × m -1 ×s -1 ) and Df is the diffusion coefficient (unit: m 2 ×s -1 )

[0105] Regarding the weight ratio of the negative electrode described in this disclosure, the weight of the negative electrode calculated here does not include the weight of the current collector.

[0106] The thickness of the negative electrode material described in this disclosure may be obtained by measuring the thickness of the negative electrode sheet and subtracting the thickness of the current collector.

[0107] The density of the negative electrode material described in the present disclosure may be obtained by cutting a circular negative electrode sheet with a diameter of 14 mm, measuring the weight of the negative electrode sheet and subtracting the weight of the current collector, measuring the thickness of the negative electrode sheet and the area of ​​the cut circle to determine the volume, and then calculating the weight and dividing the result by the volume.

[0108] The negative electrode material resistance described in the present disclosure may be measured by four-point probe resistance, where the distance between each adjacent probe is the same, the probes are in contact with the surface of the sample under test during measurement, and the closest distance from the surface of any probe to the boundary of the sample under test must be greater than 7.5 cm.

[0109] The roughness described in this disclosure is defined as the surface texture parameter Sa (μm) according to ISO 251781, which is the arithmetic mean height of the surface, and is measured over an area of ​​at least 10,000 μm 2The height of the average plane is the arithmetic mean of the heights of each point coordinate Z(x, y) in the area of ​​the region, and Sa is the average value of the absolute value of the height difference from the average plane of each point coordinate Z(x, y) in the area of ​​the region, and is obtained based on the following formula. A is the area of ​​the region (μm 2 ) and h is the average surface height (μm). JPEG2025156120000002.jpg19124

[0110] The conductivity described in the present disclosure is calculated using the following formula by applying an alternating current (AC) of 1 Hz to 100 Hz and an amplitude of 50 mV to a polymer or electrolyte using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method, measuring the resistance. Ci = (1 / R) × (L / A), Ci(S×cm -1 ) is the conductivity, R (Ω) is the resistance, L (cm) is the distance between the two electrodes, and A (cm 2 ) is the cross-sectional area of ​​the test object and the electrode, and (L / A) is the conductivity coefficient (cm -1 ) [Example]

[0111] All relevant configurations of the composition particles and dispersed particles described in the present disclosure may be manufactured into compositions according to the relevant materials or the relevant ratios, may be manufactured into negative electrodes according to the relevant materials or the relevant ratios, and may be manufactured into batteries according to the relevant materials or the relevant ratios for charge / discharge tests. The present invention shows only some of the relevant configurations, and tables with no data or that cannot be calculated are marked with "-".

[0112] Based on the above embodiment, specific examples will be proposed below and will be described in detail together with experimental data.

[0113] <First Comparative Example>

[0114] See Figure 1, which shows the differential constant current charge / discharge voltage-coolant curve of the battery of Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 1 is a battery including a negative electrode material containing a composition, and the composition only contained composition particles containing a niobium titanium composite oxide. See Table 1 for detailed data of the battery of Comparative Example 1. [Table 1]

[0115] <Second Comparative Example>

[0116] See Figure 2, which shows the differential constant current charge / discharge voltage-coolant curve of the battery of Comparative Example 2. Comparative Example 2 is a battery in which the negative electrode contains a negative electrode material containing a composition, and the composition contains only dispersed particles containing silicon tin iron composite oxide. See Table 2 for detailed data on the battery of Comparative Example 2. [Table 2]

[0117] <Third Comparative Example>

[0118] See Figures 3A and 3B. Figure 3A is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode of the battery of Comparative Example 3, and Figure 3B is a cycle diagram of the battery of Comparative Example 3 when discharged at a current of 1C. Comparative Example 3 is a battery in which the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material containing a composition, and the composition includes composition particles containing a niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles containing a silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Comparative Example 3, see Table 3. [Table 3]

[0119] <First Example>

[0120] See Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, and 4G. Figure 4A is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of component particles in the battery of Example 1, Figure 4B is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of Example 1, Figure 4C is a differential graph of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-coulometric curve of the battery of Example 1, Figure 4D is a third-order differential graph of the charge curve of the battery of Example 1, Figure 4E is a third-order differential graph of the discharge curve of the battery of Example 1, Figure 4F is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode of the battery of Example 1, and Figure 4G is a cycle diagram of the battery of Example 1 when discharged at currents of 1C, 4C, and 6C.

[0121] In Example 1, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including a niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including a silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 1, see Table 4. [Table 4]

[0122] <Second Example>

[0123] In Example 2, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 2, see Table 5. [Table 5]

[0124] <Third Example>

[0125] In Example 3, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 3, see Table 6. [Table 6]

[0126] <Fourth Example>

[0127] In Example 4, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 4, see Table 7. [Table 7]

[0128] <Fifth Example>

[0129] In Example 5, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including a niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including a silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 5, see Table 8. [Table 8]

[0130] <Sixth Example>

[0131] In Example 6, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 6, see Table 9. [Table 9]

[0132] <Seventh Example>

[0133] In Example 7, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including silicon tin iron composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 7, see Table 10. [Table 10]

[0134] <Eighth Example>

[0135] In Example 8, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included niobium titanium composite oxide particles and silicon copper manganese composite oxide dispersed particles. For detailed data of the battery of Example 8, see Table 11. [Table 11]

[0136] <Ninth Example>

[0137] In Example 9, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included niobium titanium composite oxide particles and silicon copper manganese composite oxide dispersed particles. For detailed data of the battery of Example 9, see Table 12. [Table 12]

[0138] <Tenth Example>

[0139] In Example 10, the negative electrode of the battery contained a negative electrode material including a composition, and the composition included composite particles including a niobium titanium composite oxide and dispersed particles including a silicon copper manganese composite oxide. For detailed data of the battery of Example 10, see Table 13. [Table 13]

[0140] Although the present disclosure has been described in the above embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be determined by the scope of the attached patent application.

Claims

1. containing composition particles and dispersion particles, both of which are active materials; The composite particles include a niobium titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium elements, The dispersed particles comprise a composition comprising an oxide of a constituent element containing at least two constituent elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

2. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.05V to 4.00V.

3. The weight ratio of the composition particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersion particles to the composition is pWen, The composition according to claim 1, which satisfies the condition 0.20≦pWtn / pWen≦5.

00.

4. the cumulative particle size of the composition particles is tnD50, and the cumulative particle size of the dispersion particles is enD50; The composition according to claim 1, wherein the condition 0.05≦Log(tnD50 / enD50)≦2.50 is satisfied.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the constituent elements are at least two selected from copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the constituent elements are at least three selected from copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese.

7. A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material comprising the composition of claim 1 and a conducting agent.

8. The weight ratio of the composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, and the weight ratio of the conducting agent to the negative electrode material is pWc, 8. The negative electrode according to claim 7, which satisfies the condition: 2.80≦pWo / pWc≦3.

80.

9. 8. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20V to 3.00V.

10. 8. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within a voltage range of 1.00 V to 2.50 V, and the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.00 V.

11. the peak value of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, the peak value of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa2, The negative electrode according to claim 7, which satisfies the condition 0.50≦Ipa1 / Ipa2≦5.

00.

12. the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, and the peak value of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc2; The negative electrode according to claim 7, which satisfies the condition 1.50≦Ipc1 / Ipc2≦8.

00.

13. The density of the negative electrode material is D San ​​; 0.40 g / cm 3 ≦DSan≦1.80g / cm 3 The negative electrode according to claim 7, which satisfies the following conditions:

14. The thickness of the negative electrode material is T Han, the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, 1.0 μm≦THan≦70.0 μm, and The negative electrode according to claim 7, which satisfies the condition 0.50 mΩ≦Ran≦50.00 mΩ.

15. A battery comprising the negative electrode of claim 7.

16. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C1V100, 16. The battery according to claim 15, which satisfies the condition: 0.50≦C1V100 / C1V10≦1.

80.

17. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C1V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 500th cycle is C1V500.

16. The battery according to claim 15, wherein the condition 0.50≦C1V500 / C1V10≦2.50 is satisfied.

18. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C4V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C4V100.

16. The battery according to claim 15, wherein the condition 0.50≦C4V100 / C4V10≦1.50 is satisfied.

19. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 10th cycle is C6V10, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C6V100.

16. The battery according to claim 15, wherein the condition 0.50≦C6V100 / C6V10≦1.50 is satisfied.

20. containing composition particles and dispersion particles, both of which are active materials; The composite particles include a niobium titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium elements, The dispersed particles are a composition containing a constituent element composite oxide containing at least three constituent elements.

21. The weight ratio of the composition particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersion particles to the composition is pWen, The composition according to claim 20, wherein the condition 0.20≦pWtn / pWen≦5.00 is satisfied.

22. the observed particle size of the composition particles is SDtn and the observed particle size of the dispersion particles is SDen; 0.50 μm≦SDtn≦50.00 μm, and The composition according to claim 20, wherein the condition 0.01 μm≦SDen≦5.00 μm is satisfied.

23. 21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the at least three constituent elements are selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

24. 24. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the constituent element composite oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon-tin-iron composite oxide, silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide, tin-copper-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, copper-manganese-nickel composite oxide, and copper-tin-nickel composite oxide.

25. 21. A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material comprising the composition of claim 20.

26. 26. The negative electrode of claim 25, wherein the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within a voltage range of 1.00 V to 2.50 V, and the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.00 V.

27. The voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1; 27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the condition 1.50 V≦Epa1≦2.00 V.

28. The voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, 27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the condition 0.20 V≦Epc1≦1.20 V.

29. The voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the condition 0.40V≦Epa1−Epc1≦1.80V.

30. the peak value of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1; The negative electrode according to claim 26, which satisfies the condition 0.30≦|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≦1.

50.

31. 26. A battery comprising the negative electrode of claim 25.

32. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C1V100, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 4 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C4V100.

32. The battery according to claim 31, wherein the condition 0.50≦C4V100 / C1V100≦1.20 is satisfied.

33. When the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 1 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C1V100, and when the battery is charged and discharged at a current of 6 C, the discharge volumetric capacity at the 100th cycle is C6V100.

32. The battery according to claim 31, wherein the condition 0.30≦C6V100 / C1V100≦1.20 is satisfied.

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