Support structure of retaining wall panel in slope stabilization retaining wall

Abstract

To make beams placed below retaining wall panels support retaining wall panels in a case that marking blocks temporarily supporting retaining wall panels arranged along a slope and making up a retaining wall for the purpose of stabilizing a slope until installation is complete lose their ability to support retaining wall panels.SOLUTION: Between a support surface 11 formed in the ground at a position corresponding to or near a lower side of all of the plurality of retaining wall panels 5 and lower ends of all of the retaining wall panels 5, there is placed a beam 1 that spans all of the retaining wall panels 5, has a supported surface 1A at the bottom, and is capable of bearing at least a part of load of all of the retaining wall panels 5, so that all of the retaining wall panels 5 are supported by the support surface 11 via the beam 1. All of the retaining wall panels 5 which are supported by marking blocks 4 are supported auxiliary by the beam 1 supported by the support surface 11 until reinforcing materials 7 whose head is fixed to the retaining wall panel 5 are completely fixed underground.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a support structure for retaining wall panels in a slope stabilization retaining wall, in which the retaining wall panels are supported by beams placed below the retaining wall panels as an auxiliary support in case the marking blocks, which are arranged along the slope for the purpose of stabilizing the slope and temporarily support the retaining wall panels that make up the retaining wall until installation is complete, lose their ability to support the retaining wall panels. [Background technology]

[0002] When constructing a retaining wall by arranging retaining wall panels vertically along a slope to stabilize the slope formed by excavation (cutting) into the ground against collapse, if the position of the retaining wall panel to be installed in the top row is predetermined, the retaining wall panels will be installed from the top row to the bottom row. The topmost retaining wall panel, which is installed first on the slope, is installed on the slope while being supported by the ground before it is cut.

[0003] In this case, when a retaining wall panel of a certain stage is installed on a slope, if the retaining wall panel cannot be supported by the retaining wall panel of the stage above that has already been installed, the retaining wall panel will be supported at its lower end by the natural ground. In this regard, it is necessary to excavate the natural ground while leaving the natural ground where the lower end of the retaining wall panel to be installed will be located, and forming a support surface such as a horizontal plane in the natural ground (see Patent Documents 1 to 5).

[0004] However, in the method of installing the retaining wall panels from the upper level to the lower level, the panels are installed on the slope while being positioned in a state where they are supported mainly by the supporting surface of the ground, so the formation of the supporting surface requires precision. Any error in the formation of the supporting surface will leave construction errors in the installation of the retaining wall panels, making it difficult to arrange the panels in an orderly manner across the width of the panels.

[0005] In Patent Document 4, by adjusting (increasing) the axial force of the rod-shaped reinforcement that penetrates the upper level of precast plates and ultimately fixes the precast plates to the slope (face), a situation is temporarily achieved in which the second level (lower level) of precast plates is suspended from the first level (upper level) of precast plates, with the lower end of the second level (lower level) precast plate supported by the step at the foot of the slope below the first level (upper level) of precast plates fixed to the slope (paragraph 0002, Figure 1).

[0006] In more detail, Patent Document 4 states that "in order to prevent the collapse of the unexcavated slope that temporarily appears before the slope is reinforced with precast plates (in the lower section), the tightening force of the nuts in the nut tightening process for the precast plates in the upper section is adjusted to forcibly press the precast plates against the slope."

[0007] Unlike this method, the applicant has previously proposed a slope stabilization retaining wall and its construction method that allows the retaining wall panels to be installed facing downward while the lower retaining wall panels are supported by the upper retaining wall panels (see Patent Document 6).

[0008] In this method, a marking block capable of supporting the retaining wall panel placed directly below is fixed to the top of the slope prior to the retaining wall panel, and the retaining wall panel is supported by the marking block by engaging the retaining wall panel with the marking block.

[0009] However, each retaining wall panel has reinforcing material that penetrates the panel in the thickness direction buried in the ground and is fixed into the ground by filling with filler, so that it is finally fixed to the slope, and until that work is completed, the marking block will temporarily support the retaining wall panel. Since the marking block is fixed to the slope by, for example, burying fixing devices that protrude from its back side toward the natural ground in the ground (claim 1), it does not necessarily have the ability to continue supporting the retaining wall panel from the installation of the retaining wall panel directly below until the fixing of the reinforcing material.

[0010] For this reason, before the reinforcement is completely fixed, it cannot be said that there is no possibility that the fixing device of the marking block supporting the retaining wall panel will come out of the ground due to some cause, such as the occurrence of an earthquake, and that the fixing device will lose its ability to continue supporting the retaining wall panel and fall together with the retaining wall panel until the reinforcement is completely fixed into the ground. Even if the fixing device does not come out of the ground, there is also a possibility that the retaining wall panel will come off the marking block and fall from the marking block.

[0011] In response to this anticipated issue, we have additionally proposed an auxiliary support device (see Patent Document 7) that provides supplementary support for the retaining wall panel in case the marking block of Patent Document 6 loses its ability to continue supporting the retaining wall panel, as well as a support structure for the retaining wall panel using the auxiliary support device (see Patent Document 8). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0012] [Patent Document 1] JP-A-7-34464 (Claim 1, paragraphs 0005-0018, Figures 6-8) [Patent Document 2] JP 2010-106433 A (paragraph 0020, Figures 4 to 8) [Patent Document 3] JP 2012-246706 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0012-0016, Figures 2-5) [Patent Document 4] JP 2014-109189 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0002 to 0006, Figures 1 and 2) [Patent Document 5] JP 2015-1084 A (Figs. 1 to 5) [Patent Document 6] Patent No. 6746264 (Claim 1, paragraphs 0009-0036, Figures 1-6) [Patent Document 7] Patent No. 7194850 (Claim 1, paragraphs 0011-0033, Figures 1-3) [Patent Document 8] Patent No. 7194853 (Claim 1, paragraphs 0013-0047, Figures 1-5) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] However, if a retaining wall panel is directly supported by an auxiliary support device, the auxiliary support device will, in principle, bear a concentrated load equal to the load of one retaining wall panel divided by the number of supports. For example, if two auxiliary support devices are placed at equal distances from the center of gravity of one retaining wall panel (Figure 3 of Patent Document 7), theoretically both auxiliary support devices will bear an equal load. However, if the center of gravity of the retaining wall panel is not located in the center, such as if the amount of filler filled between the back surface of the retaining wall panel and the slope is not equal on both sides of the center of the retaining wall panel, a difference in the load to be borne by the two auxiliary support devices may occur.

[0014] If there is a difference in the load to be borne by the two auxiliary support devices supporting one retaining wall panel, it is possible that the retaining wall panel may tilt in-plane, which may affect the accuracy of the installation (construction) of the retaining wall panel when completed after filling with filler material, or the slope stabilization retaining wall.

[0015] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a support structure for retaining wall panels that avoids the expected tilting of retaining wall panels when an auxiliary support device is used to provide auxiliary support for the retaining wall panel in case the marking block loses its ability to continue supporting the retaining wall panel. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] The support structure of the retaining wall panels in the slope stabilization retaining wall of the invention described in claim 1 is a slope stabilization retaining wall comprising a marking block that is arranged at the top of the slope with its axial direction facing along the top of the slope and fixed to the slope, and a plurality of retaining wall panels that are arranged below the marking block and adjacent to the direction along the top of the slope, and that are supported by the marking block while being fixed to the ground with heads of reinforcing materials that protrude from the slope. A beam is disposed between a support surface formed in the ground at a position corresponding to the lower side of all of the plurality of retaining wall panels or in the vicinity thereof and the lower end of all of the retaining wall panels, the beam spanning all of the retaining wall panels, having a supported surface below, and capable of bearing at least a portion of the load of all of the retaining wall panels, and all of the retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface via the beam, A constituent requirement is that until the reinforcement material is completely fixed underground, all of the retaining wall panels, which are supported by the marking blocks, are additionally supported by the beams supported on the support surface.

[0017] "The direction along the top of the slope" refers to the length direction when the retaining wall panels 5 are arranged lengthwise, and is mainly horizontal, but can also be inclined relative to the horizontal. "The top of the slope" basically refers to the corner part on the vertical cross section of the top of the slope 10 shown in Figure 11-(a). The length direction of the retaining wall panel 5 (the direction along the top of the slope 10) is the axial direction of the marking block 4. The marking block 4 is placed on the slope 10 with its axial direction facing this horizontal direction, etc. The width direction of the retaining wall panel 5 is the height direction along the slope 10.

[0018] The marking block 4 is fixed to the slope 10 by embedding (anchoring) a fixing device (anchor) 43 protruding from the back side of the marking block 4 in the natural ground, as shown in Figure 1-(a), for example, but it may be fixed by a method other than the fixing device 43, or by using the fixing device 43 in combination with another method. The following explains an example in which the fixing device 43 is used.

[0019] The fixing device 43 may be partially embedded in the marking block 4 and protrude from the back surface of the marking block 4, or may penetrate the marking block 4 in the thickness direction. In either case, the fixing device 43 is integrated into the marking block 4 in advance or finally (after the marking block 4 is fixed to the slope 10). The fixing device 43 may be simply inserted (penetrated) into the ground and maintained in that state, or it may be embedded in a filler material injected into the ground and maintained in that state.

[0020] The retaining wall panel 5 is supported by the marking block 4, with the convex portion 52 and concave portion 42 formed on each opposing surface basically fitting together in opposing directions, and the retaining wall panel 5 engaging downward with the marking block 4. If it is difficult to support the retaining wall panel 5 on the marking block 4 by engagement alone, as shown in Figure 8, a bolt 81 that penetrates the retaining wall panel 5 in the thickness direction can be screwed into or passed through the marking block 4, thereby supplementing the support of the retaining wall panel 5 by the marking block 4.

[0021] As shown in Figure 9-(d), the retaining wall panel 5 has a reinforcing member 7 that penetrates through the thickness direction, inserted into a drilled hole 12 formed in the ground, and buried in grout, thereby permanently maintaining the retaining wall panel 5 fixed to the slope 10. After the reinforcing member 7 is inserted into the drilled hole 12 and filled with grout, the marking block 4 is released from supporting the retaining wall panel 5. In other words, the marking block 4 provides temporary (provisional) support for the retaining wall panel 5 until the insertion of the reinforcing member 7 and the filling of the grout are complete. The reinforcing member 7 is inserted through an insertion hole 55 formed in the center of the elevation of the retaining wall panel 5 in the thickness direction, as shown in Figure 7-(b).

[0022] As shown in Figure 9-(b), the ground is excavated to install marking blocks 4 that are installed prior to the slope 10, and the first (top) retaining wall panels 5 that are directly supported by them, and then the marking blocks 4 and retaining wall panels 5 are installed on the slope 10 formed at this time, as shown in (c). At this point, unexcavated ground remains below the slope 10. The top surface of this ground below the slope 10 becomes the "support surface 11" in claim 1.

[0023] On this support surface 11, a beam 1 having a supported surface 1A at its bottom is installed (Claim 1), or an auxiliary support device 2 having a support pillar 21 is installed (Claim 2). The auxiliary support devices 2 are arranged in two or more positions per retaining wall panel 5 in the longitudinal direction, including positions on both sides in the longitudinal direction. Positions on both sides in the longitudinal direction include the center and intermediate positions on both sides, as shown in Figure 2. The auxiliary support devices 2 are arranged below the supported surface 1A of the beam 1, spaced apart in the axial direction of the beam 1.

[0024] In claim 1, "near the bottom of the retaining wall panel" refers to the bottom of the width direction (height direction) of the retaining wall panel 5, and mainly refers to a position corresponding to or near the bottom end face of the retaining wall panel 5. The reason for being "near the bottom" is that the retaining wall panel 5 is often fixed to the slope 10 at an angle relative to the vertical so that the bottom end face is located on the surface side (cut side) of the slope 10, and therefore the retaining wall panel 5 is close to the support surface 11 on which it is supported, and therefore a position corresponding to the bottom end is optimal.

[0025] "A beam capable of bearing at least a portion of the load of all retaining wall panels" means that the beam 1 has the ability to bear at least a portion of the load of all retaining wall panels 5 when the marking block 4 is supporting the retaining wall panels 5 due to engagement with the retaining wall panels 5. "At least a portion" means that the beam 1 can bear anything from a case where it bears only a portion of the load of one retaining wall panel 5 to a case where it bears the load of all retaining wall panels 5 when the marking block 4 loses its ability to continue supporting the retaining wall panels 5.

[0026] The beam 1 bears at least a portion of the load of all the retaining wall panels 5, transmitting it to the supporting surface 11 of the ground and supporting it on the supporting surface 11. Since the beam 1 may bear the load of all the retaining wall panels 5, it has a length in the axial direction that spans all the retaining wall panels 5. For the stability of all the retaining wall panels 5, it is desirable for the beam 1 to be longer than the total length of all the retaining wall panels 5, as shown in Figure 2, but this is not necessarily required.

[0027] "All retaining wall panels supported by the marking blocks are additionally supported by beams supported on the support surface" basically means that the marking blocks 4 support the retaining wall panels 5, but that a beam 1 separate from the marking blocks 4, which has the capacity to bear at least part of the load of all retaining wall panels 5, supports the retaining wall panels 5 on the support surface 11 of the ground.

[0028] "A beam having a supported surface on its lower part" means that the beam 1 has a supported surface 1A on its lower part on the support surface 11 side that is in surface contact with the support surface 11. The supported surface 1A has a shape that follows the support surface 11, such as forming a surface parallel to the support surface 11 so that it is in surface contact with the support surface 11. If the support surface 11 is a horizontal plane, the supported surface 1A will be a horizontal surface, and if the support surface 11 is a surface inclined relative to the horizontal, the supported surface 1A will be a surface inclined relative to the horizontal. If the support surface 11 has a cross-sectional shape with a step, the supported surface 1A will have a shape that corresponds to that cross-sectional shape.

[0029] In addition, in order for the support surface 11 to stably support the supported surface 1A of the beam 1, it is appropriate that the support surface 11 be formed to form a plane perpendicular to the center line of the beam 1 in the direction of its width on the longitudinal cross section, so that the pressure generated in the width direction of the beam 1 on the supported surface 1A and the support surface 11 is equalized.

[0030] Figure 1 shows an example where an H-shaped steel beam is used for the beam 1. In this case, the underside of the lower flange 1a becomes the supported surface 1A, and the upper surface of the upper flange 1b becomes the supporting surface 1B, which will be described later. To prevent unnecessary stress from being generated in the upper and lower flanges 1a and 1b and the web 1c, the beam 1 is positioned so that the center line of the web 1c is parallel to the center line of the retaining wall panel 5, such that the center line passing through the center of the vertical cross section of the web 1c is aligned with the in-plane center line passing through the center of the vertical cross section of the retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figure 1. In addition to H-shaped steel beams 1, channel steel beams with flanges and webs, square steel pipes, or steel materials with a shape combining these, as well as reinforced concrete members, etc., are also used.

[0031] The beam 1 is supported on the support surface 11 at the supported surface 1A while spanning all of the retaining wall panels 5, and transmits the load from all of the retaining wall panels 5 to the support surface 11 as an evenly distributed load, and applies pressure evenly distributed over the entire length of the beam 1 to the entire surface of the support surface 11. For example, when one retaining wall panel 5 is supported on the support surface 11 via two auxiliary support devices as in Patent Documents 7 and 8, a concentrated load acts on each auxiliary support device, and the load borne by each auxiliary support device is transmitted directly to the support surface 11 as a concentrated load.

[0032] When two auxiliary support devices are at equal distances from the center of gravity of the retaining wall panel 5, the loads acting on both auxiliary support devices will in principle be equal, but if they are not equal for some reason as described above, a difference will arise in the reaction force from the support surface 11 acting on the underside of each auxiliary support device, which may cause the retaining wall panel 5 to tilt in-plane.

[0033] In contrast, in the present invention, the beam 1 spans all of the retaining wall panels 5, so that the entire length of the beam 1 bears the load of all of the retaining wall panels 5 uniformly in the axial direction, and therefore even if the center of gravity of the retaining wall panel 5, including the mass of the filler material 71 on the back side, is not located in the center, the load of all of the retaining wall panels 5 becomes uniform or tends to become uniform in the axial direction of the beam 1, and is transmitted as a substantially uniformly distributed load from the supported surface 1A to the supporting surface 11. As a result, the reaction force from the supporting surface 11 also acts uniformly in the axial direction of the beam 1, making it easier to avoid the retaining wall panels 5 from tilting within the plane.

[0034] The fact that the load of all retaining wall panels 5 acts downward from the supported surface 1A uniformly in the axial direction of the beam 1 also applies when multiple auxiliary support devices 2 as described in Patent Documents 7 and 8 are installed between the supported surface 1A of the beam 1 and the supporting surface 11 (claim 2). In this case, a uniformly distributed load acts downward below the supported surface 1A of the beam 1, and a load equal to the uniformly distributed load divided by the number of installed auxiliary support devices 2 acts on the multiple auxiliary support devices 2 located below. The auxiliary support devices 2 have a supported surface 3A at their bottom that is in surface contact with the supporting surface 11. One auxiliary support device 2 has the capacity to bear at least a portion of the load of one retaining wall panel 5.

[0035] Therefore, if two auxiliary support devices 2, 2 are arranged on the vertical surface of the retaining wall panel 5, for example, as shown in Figure 4, at a position equidistant from the center of each retaining wall panel 5 in the axial direction of the beam 1, and if the axes of the two auxiliary support devices 2, 2 are located at an equal distance L from the vertical line passing through the center of the retaining wall panel 5 on the vertical surface, and if this distance L is equal to the distance L from the axis of the auxiliary support device 2 located near the axial end of the beam 1 to the longitudinal end of the retaining wall panel 5, the load of the retaining wall panel 5 will act evenly on all of the auxiliary support devices 2.

[0036] The load from the beam 1 borne by the auxiliary support device 2 placed near the axial end of the beam 1 is the sum of the distributed loads for the section from the end of the retaining wall panel 5 to the intermediate distance between the auxiliary support device 2 adjacent to the intermediate part of the beam 1, in other words, 2L in Figure 4. The load from the beam 1 borne by the auxiliary support device 2 placed in the intermediate part other than near the end of the beam 1 is the sum of the distributed loads for the section (2L) between the auxiliary support device 2 and the two auxiliary support devices 2 adjacent to both sides of the beam 1 in the axial direction.

[0037] As shown in Figure 4, if the distance between two adjacent auxiliary support devices 2, 2 is 2L, and the distance from the auxiliary support device 2 located near the end to the end of the retaining wall panel 5 is L, the load from the beam 1 that all auxiliary support devices 2 should bear will be a distributed load of 2L, which will be equal in principle.

[0038] "Auxiliary support device having pillars capable of bearing at least part of the load of all retaining wall panels" means that the pillars 21 that make up the auxiliary support device 2 have the capacity to bear at least part of the load of the retaining wall panels 5 as compressive force. The auxiliary support device 2 has as its basic component the pillars 21 that are interposed between the supported surface 1A of the beam 1 and the supporting surface 11. When the auxiliary support device 2 consists only of the pillars 21, a plate is joined to the lower end of the pillars 21, the lower surface of which becomes the supported surface 3A that comes into surface contact with the supporting surface 11.

[0039] Figure 3 shows an example in which a support column 21 with a lifting device 3 (described later) is used as the auxiliary support device 2, and is placed under an H-shaped steel beam 1. In this case as well, in order to avoid generating unnecessary stress in the beam 1 and the auxiliary support device 2 (support column 21), the direction of the center line on the cross section of the beam 1 is set as described above, as shown in Figure 1, and then the beam 1 and auxiliary support device 2 are placed so that at least the center line of the beam 1 and the axis of the support column 21 are parallel, for example, so that the axis of the support column 21 is positioned on the center line of the web 1c of the beam 1.

[0040] In case the retaining wall panel 5 descends or attempts to fall together with or from the marking block 4 for some reason and the support pillar 21 bears the entire load of the retaining wall panel 5, a lifting device (jack) 3 may be connected in series as an auxiliary support device 2 to restore the retaining wall panel 5 to its original position where it was supported by the marking block 4. When the lifting device 3 is connected to the support pillar 21, the support pillar 21 and the lifting device 3 bear the compressive force due to the load of the retaining wall panel 5, and when the lifting device 3 is not connected, the support pillar 21 bears the compressive force.

[0041] As long as the beam 1 has a cross-sectional shape with a supported surface 1A at the bottom that is in surface contact with the support surface 11, the shape of the upper part on the cross section is not particularly important, but if the beam 1 has a cross-sectional shape with a support surface 1B at the top that is in surface contact with the lower end surfaces of all the retaining wall panels 5 (claim 3), the beam 1 itself will support all the retaining wall panels 5 with their surfaces, improving the stability of all the retaining wall panels 5 in their supported state. For example, if the inclination angle of the retaining wall panels 5 with respect to the vertical plane is small, even if the center line passing through the center of gravity (centroid) on the vertical cross section of the retaining wall panels 5 is closer to the surface on the vertical cross section than the center of the beam 1 on the cross section, the stability of the retaining wall panels 5 against falling or tipping over is easily ensured.

[0042] Furthermore, the beam 1 has a support surface 1B that comes into surface contact with the lower ends of all the retaining wall panels 5, and the support surface 1B supports the lower ends of all the retaining wall panels 5 with a surface, thereby stabilizing the retaining wall panels 5 against in-plane tilt. Furthermore, since the reaction force acting on the lower end surfaces of the retaining wall panels 5 is dispersed, damage to the lower end surfaces of the retaining wall panels 5 is also easily avoided. [Effects of the Invention]

[0043] A beam having a supported surface at the bottom and capable of bearing at least part of the load of all the retaining wall panels is placed between the support surface formed in the ground and the lower ends of all the retaining wall panels, and all the retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface via the beam.All the retaining wall panels, which are supported on the marking blocks, are supported additionally by the beam supported on the support surface, so that the load of all the retaining wall panels can be uniformly axially supported along the entire length of the beam.

[0044] Therefore, even if the center of gravity of the retaining wall panel, including the mass of the back filler material, is not located in the center, the load of all the retaining wall panels acts evenly in the axial direction of the beam, or is easily made to act evenly, so that it is possible to transmit a substantially uniformly distributed load from the supported surface of the beam to the supporting surface of the ground. As a result, the reaction force from the supporting surface also acts evenly in the axial direction of the beam, making it easier to prevent the retaining wall panel from tilting in-plane. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0045] [Figure 1] (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the state when a retaining wall panel is supported by a marking block and is additionally supported by a beam installed on the supporting surface of the ground, and (b) is an enlarged view of the dotted circle area showing a detailed example of (a). [Figure 2] This is an elevation view showing the front side of the retaining wall panel when three retaining wall panels shown in Figure 1-(a) are arranged in the lengthwise direction. [Figure 3] (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the state when a retaining wall panel is supported by a marking block and is additionally supported by a beam placed below the lower end surface of the retaining wall panel and an auxiliary support device installed on the supporting surface of the ground, and (b) is an enlarged view of the dotted circle area showing a detailed example of (a). [Figure 4] This is an elevation view showing the front side of the retaining wall panel when three retaining wall panels shown in Figure 3-(a) are arranged in the lengthwise direction. [Figure 5] (a) is an elevation view of the surface side (retaining wall panel side) showing an example of a marking block that is placed along the top of the top of the slope, and (b) is a cross-sectional view along line xx of (a). [Figure 6] 5-(a) is a perspective view showing the front side of the marking block shown in FIG. 5-(a), and FIG. 5-(b) is a perspective view showing the back side (slope side) of the marking block of FIG. 5-(a). [Figure 7] (a) is an elevation view showing an example of a retaining wall panel, with the left side of the center line showing the front side and the right side showing the back side (slope side). (b) is a cross-sectional view of (a) along line xx, and (c) is a plan view of (a). [Figure 8] This is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the state in which the height of the lower end of a retaining wall panel is adjusted using an adjustment member and a pulling device while the retaining wall panel is supported on a marking block. [Figure 9] (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the excavation of the ground and the formation of a slope, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the fixing of a marking block to the top of the slope, (c) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the installation of the top retaining wall panel while supported by the marking block, and (d) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the drilling of holes to insert reinforcing material into the ground to fix the retaining wall panel to the ground, and the insertion of the reinforcing material. [Figure 10] (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the process of injecting filler (backfill material) into the gap between the back of a retaining wall panel and the slope, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the process of fixing the head of a reinforcing material protruding from the surface of a retaining wall panel to the retaining wall panel, (c) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the process of forming a slope when a retaining wall panel is installed adjacent to the lower side of the topmost retaining wall panel, and (d) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the process of installing the lower retaining wall panel on the newly formed slope. [Figure 11] 9-(c) and FIG. 10-(a) are perspective views showing the situation shown in FIG. 9-(c), and FIG. 10-(b) is a perspective view showing the situation shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] Figure 1-(a) shows an example of a support structure for a slope stabilization retaining wall (hereinafter referred to as "retaining wall") 6, which comprises a marking block 4 placed above a slope 10 and fixed to the slope 10, and a plurality of retaining wall panels 5 placed below the marking block 4 and supported by the marking block 4, in which beams 1 capable of supporting all of the retaining wall panels 5 are placed below all of the retaining wall panels 5, and the beams 1 provide auxiliary support for all of the retaining wall panels 5. The beams 1 have the capacity to bear at least a portion of the load of all of the retaining wall panels 5, and are placed between a support surface 11 formed in the ground at a position corresponding to or near the lower end of all of the retaining wall panels 5, and the lower end surfaces of the retaining wall panels 5.

[0047] The marking block 4 is positioned with its axial direction facing along the top of the slope 10. As shown in Figure 2, the beam 1 has a length spanning all of the retaining wall 5 panels, and has a supported surface 1A at its lower part that is in surface contact with the supporting surface 11, and is supported by the supporting surface 11 at the supported surface 1A, thereby supporting all of the retaining wall panels 5 on the supporting surface 11. The beam 1 provides auxiliary support for all of the retaining wall panels 5 that are supported by the marking block 4, and supports them on the supporting surface 11 until the reinforcement material 7 has been completely fixed underground.

[0048] The marking block 4 is fixed to the slope 10, for example, by burying fixing devices 43 that protrude from the back side toward the natural ground in the ground. The drawing shows an example in which fixing devices 43 are used to fix the marking block 4, but the marking block 4 may also be fixed to the slope 10 using means other than fixing devices 43. The "back side" refers to the natural ground side. The side that becomes the surface of the retaining wall 6 when the retaining wall 6 is installed (constructed) is called the "front side." The drawing shows the retaining wall 6 being constructed on a slope 10 that is inclined relative to a vertical plane, but the slope 10 may also be vertical. Multiple marking blocks 4 are arranged in a direction along the top of the slope 10, and multiple retaining wall panels 5 are arranged below the marking blocks 4.

[0049] The retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to the slope 10 by having the heads of the reinforcing materials 7, which penetrate the panel 5 in the thickness direction and are embedded and fixed in the ground, protruding from the slope 10, fixed to the retaining wall panel 5 from the surface side. The reinforcing materials 7 are embedded in grout material (filler material 71) which is filled in the drilled holes 12 shown in Figure 9-(d) and formed in the ground as described below, and are fixed to the drilled holes 12. The marking block 4 temporarily supports the retaining wall panel 5 until the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to the slope 10 by the reinforcing materials 7. The specific method of supporting the retaining wall panel 5 with the marking block 4 will be described later.

[0050] Beam 1 can be of any shape or material as long as it has a cross-sectional shape with a supported surface 1A, but mainly steel materials such as structural steel or reinforced concrete members are used. If it is structural steel, a steel material with at least a bottom flange 1a whose bottom surface becomes the supported surface 1A and a web 1c that ensures the out-of-plane bending rigidity of the bottom flange 1a is suitable, such as a steel material made by combining H-shaped steel, channel steel, square steel pipe, T-shaped steel, etc. in a cross shape. If it is reinforced concrete, a member with a square cross-sectional shape is suitable.

[0051] In order to improve stability against the descent (fall) or tipping of the retaining wall panels 5 when the beam 1 is supporting all of the retaining wall panels 5, it is appropriate for the beam 1 to have a cross-sectional shape that has a support surface 1B, particularly at the upper part, with which the lower ends of all of the retaining wall panels 5 come into surface contact. Having a support surface 1B means that the beam 1 has an upper flange 1b, so if the beam is made of structural steel, the above-mentioned H-shaped steel or the like is suitable. When the beam 1 is an H-shaped steel, the lower surface of the lower flange 1a becomes the supported surface 1A, and the upper surface of the upper flange 1b becomes the supporting surface 1B.

[0052] When the beam 1 is an H-shaped steel beam, in order to avoid unnecessary stress on the upper and lower flanges 1a, 1b and web 1c, the beam 1 is generally installed on the support surface 11 so that the center line in the direction of the beam passing through the center (centroid) of the cross section of the web 1c is parallel to the center line in the in-plane direction passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figure 1.

[0053] If the center line of the cross section of the web 1c is not parallel to the center line of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5, the beam 1 itself will be prone to tipping over, and an eccentric torsional moment will act on the web 1c and the lower flange 1a. If the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the web 1c is aligned on the same straight line as the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5, this will be the most rational arrangement, as it will not act on the web 1c with an eccentric load.

[0054] 1, when the retaining wall panel 5 (slope 10) is inclined relative to a vertical plane, and the beam 1 is placed on the support surface 11 with the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5 and the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the web 1c parallel, the support surface 11 is shaped as a surface parallel to the supported surface 1A (lower flange 1a). In other words, the support surface 11 is shaped to form a plane perpendicular to the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5 and the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the web 1c.

[0055] The lower flange 1a of the beam 1 is placed directly or indirectly on this support surface 11, and the beam 1 is supported at its supported surface 1A by the support surface 11. The lower end surface of the retaining wall panel 5 is placed directly or indirectly on the support surface 1B, which is the upper surface of the upper flange 1b. When the support surface 11 is perpendicular to the center line of the web 1c, the beam 1 can receive a reaction force from the support surface 11 in the direction of the center line of the web 1c.

[0056] If a portion of the upper flange 1b on the slope 10 side extends from the back surface of the retaining wall panel 5 toward the slope 10, that portion is buried in the filler material 71 filled between the back surface of the retaining wall panel 5 and the slope 10. If the retaining wall panel 5 is the lowest level of the retaining wall 6, after the construction work of the retaining wall 6 described below is completed, the beam 1 may be buried in the filler material 71 or backfill soil, or may be recovered.

[0057] Figure 2 shows the support state by one beam 1 when three retaining wall panels 5 are arranged adjacently in the longitudinal direction. The beam 1 has a length that spans all of the retaining wall panels 5 and supports the entire length of all of the retaining wall panels 5. Basically, the beam 1 has a length equal to or greater than the entire length of all of the retaining wall panels 5 and completely supports the entire length of all of the retaining wall panels 5, but there are also cases where the length is less than the entire length. The "total length of all of the retaining wall panels 5" refers to the number of retaining wall panels 5 with a length of 2L as shown in Figure 4.

[0058] The beam 1 only needs to be united into one piece when in use, supporting the retaining wall panels 5, and the beam 1 may also be manufactured by joining multiple beam components in the axial direction on-site or nearby. Since the supported surface 1A of the beam 1 is continuous in the axial direction, a uniformly distributed load acts from the supported surface 1A to the support surface 11, with the load of all the retaining wall panels 5 being distributed evenly in the axial direction of the beam 1.

[0059] In Figure 2, it is assumed that when beam 1 fully supports all retaining wall panels 5, relative movement may occur between all retaining wall panels 5 and beam 1 in the axial direction of beam 1 due to earthquake motion, etc., and in order to ensure stability in the event of relative movement, the total length of beam 1 is made longer than the total length of all retaining wall panels 5, and beam 1 is given a length equal to the total length of all retaining wall panels 5 plus some extra length.

[0060] In the example shown in Figure 2, two adjacent retaining wall panels 5, 5 in the longitudinal direction are joined to each other by a connecting member 8 that spans between them, so that the widthwise (heightwise) positions of the adjacent retaining wall panels 5, 5 are unified and they are arranged in an orderly manner in the longitudinal direction.

[0061] The connecting member 8 is positioned on the lower part of the retaining wall panel 5 for ease of work on the support surface 11. The connecting member 8 overlaps the surface of the convex portion 58 at the lower end (lower side) of the retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figure 2, for example, and, like the adjusting member 9 described below, is joined to the retaining wall panel 5 by a bolt 81 or the like that screws into an insert 54 embedded in the convex portion 58 as shown in Figure 8.

[0062] When adjacent retaining wall panels 5, 5 are connected by the connecting member 8, the position of the lower end of each retaining wall panel 5 is adjusted using an adjustment member 9 which is connected to each retaining wall panel 5 at a position that does not overlap with the connecting member 8 and is fixed to the slope 10 by a pulling device 91 described below. This adjustment adjusts the height of each retaining wall panel 5 relative to the slope 10, and unifies the widthwise positions of adjacent retaining wall panels 5, 5.

[0063] As described above, the adjustment member 9 overlaps the surface of the convex portion 58 at the lower end of the retaining wall panel 5, and is joined by a bolt 81 or the like that screws into the insert 54. A hanging device (eye bolt) 9a is connected to the adjustment member 9 for connecting a pulling device 91 that adjusts the installation angle of the retaining wall panel 5 and adjusts the height of the lower end of the retaining wall panel 5.

[0064] The pulling device 91 either directly uses the tensile force between it and the ground to pull the bottom end of the retaining wall panel 5 towards the slope 10, or uses the tensile force as a reaction force to push the bottom end of the retaining wall panel 5 towards the slope 10. A fixing device 43 such as an anchor pin is fixed into the ground to absorb the reaction force of the tensile force. When using tensile force, a lever block (registered trademark) such as the one shown in Figure 8 is suitable as the pulling device 91.

[0065] In the case of a lever block (registered trademark), tension is applied to chain 91a by reciprocating lever 91d while hook 91b connected to one end of chain 91a is connected to hoisting device 9a and hook 91c connected to the other end is connected to fixing device 43. As tension is applied to chain 91a, the distance between hooks 91b and 91c is shortened, bringing the lower end of retaining wall panel 5 closer to slope 10, adjusting the installation angle of retaining wall panel 5 and simultaneously adjusting the height of the lower end.

[0066] Figure 3 shows an example of a support structure in which an auxiliary support device 2 having a supported surface 3A at its lower part that is in surface contact with the support surface 11 and a support surface 11 that can bear at least part of the load of all the retaining wall panels 5 is installed between the supported surface 1A of the beam 1 in Figure 1 and the support surface 11, and all the retaining wall panels 5 are auxiliary supported via the beam 1 by the auxiliary support device 2 supported on the support surface 11. In this example, with all the retaining wall panels 5 supported by the beam 1, the beam 1 is supported by multiple auxiliary support devices 2 arranged at equal intervals in its axial direction.

[0067] The auxiliary support device 2 (pillar 21) is supported on the support surface 11 at the supported surface 3A of its lower end surface, and provides auxiliary support to all of the retaining wall panels 5, which are supported on the marking blocks 4, together with the beams 1, and supports them on the support surface 11 until the reinforcement material 7 has been completely fixed underground. The pillar 21, together with the marking blocks 4, bears the load of the retaining wall panels 5. When the auxiliary support device 2 consists only of the pillar 21, the lower end surface of the pillar 21 is blocked by a plate (base plate 34) or the like, the lower surface of which becomes the supported surface 3A, to prevent the pillar 21 from sinking on the support surface 11.

[0068] The support pillars 21 of the auxiliary support device 2 are installed on the support surface 11 with the axis of the support pillars 21 facing in the in-plane direction of the retaining wall panel 5 when the retaining wall panel 5 is viewed in vertical cross section. As described above, the beam 1 is arranged so that the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the web 1c of the beam 1 is, in principle, collinear with the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5.

[0069] To cope with this, in order to prevent the occurrence of a bending moment in the support 21 due to eccentricity caused by the load of the retaining wall panel 5, the support 21 is positioned below the beam 1 so that, in principle, the axis of the support 21 is aligned in the same line as the center line of the web 1c in the vertical cross section. In this case, the axis of the support 21 is aligned in the same line as the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5, and no force acts on the support 21 to topple it from the retaining wall panel 5, and no bending moment due to eccentricity acts on the support 21.

[0070] 1, the support surface 11 is shaped to form a plane perpendicular to the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the retaining wall panel 5 and the center line passing through the center of the cross section of the web 1c. The supported surface 1A, which is the underside of the beam 1, is in direct or indirect contact with the upper end surface of the support column 21 or the upper surface of a plate or the like joined to the upper end surface as a support surface.

[0071] The support pillar 21 is mainly made of tubular steel material such as a single piece of steel pipe or square steel pipe, or multiple pieces of steel pipe that are overlapped and combined so that the entire structure can expand and contract. When the lifting device 3 is connected in series to the support pillar 21 as shown in Figure 1, the support pillar 21 can also be made of a single piece of steel material. Even when the lifting device 3 is attached to the support pillar 21, the support pillar 21 can be made of multiple pieces of steel material that can expand and contract as a whole, or it can be made of only a single piece of steel material.

[0072] 1 shows an example in which the lifting device 3 is composed of a steel shaft 31, such as a steel rod with a male thread formed on its outer surface, which can be inserted into a cylindrical support 21, such as a jack base, and a nut 32 with a handle 33 that screws onto the male thread. The upper part of the shaft 31 is simply inserted into the support 21. In this case, as the handle 33 (nut 32) rotates around its axis, the handle 33 moves up and down relative to the shaft 31, and the support 21, supported by the handle 33 or nut 32, moves up and down accordingly. The lifting device 3 is placed on the support surface 11 by a base plate 34 connected or joined to the lower end of the shaft 31. In this case, the lower surface of the base plate 34 becomes the supported surface 3A.

[0073] In this case, the supported surface 3A of the base plate 34 forms a surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the support pillar 21, and the support surface 11 is parallel to the bottom surface of the base plate 34, so that the base plate 34 does not slip along the support surface 11 due to the load of the retaining wall panel 5 borne by the support pillar 21 as described above, and the reaction force from the support surface 11 can be received in the axial direction of the shaft member 31 (support pillar 21).

[0074] In the example shown in Figure 3, the lifting device 3 is connected to the underside of the support pillar 21 from below, so the base plate 34 is joined to the underside of the shaft material 31 of the lifting device 3, but if the lifting device 3 is connected to the axial middle part of the support pillar 21, the above-mentioned plate is joined to the lower end of the support pillar 21.

[0075] Figure 4 shows a state in which a beam 1 supporting three retaining wall panels 5 shown in Figure 3-(a) arranged in the longitudinal direction is supported by multiple auxiliary support devices 2. As in the example of Figure 2, a connecting member 8 is connected to both of the two adjacent retaining wall panels 5, 5 in the longitudinal direction, and an adjustment member 9 is connected to the lower end of each retaining wall panel 5.

[0076] As mentioned above, a uniformly distributed load acts downward below the supported surface 1A of the beam 1, so if multiple auxiliary support devices 2 placed below it are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the beam 1, a load equal to the uniformly distributed load from the beam 1 divided by the number of devices installed will act on each auxiliary support device 2.

[0077] For example, if two auxiliary support devices 2, 2 are placed at equal distances L in the axial direction of the beam 1 from the center of the vertical surface of each retaining wall panel 5 as shown in Figure 4, then if the center-to-center distance between two adjacent auxiliary support devices 2, 2 is 2L and the distance from the auxiliary support device 2 placed near the end of the beam 1 to the end of the retaining wall panel 5 is L, the load from the beam 1 that must be shared by all auxiliary support devices 2 will be a distributed load of 2L, which can be made equal in principle.

[0078] The specific forms of the marking block 4 and the retaining wall panel 5 and the combined structure of the two will be explained below. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the lower side of the front surface of the marking block 4 is formed with a convex portion 41, which is used to temporarily support the retaining wall panel 5 when the retaining wall panel 5 is being installed. The marking block 4 is installed and fixed to the slope 10 prior to the retaining wall panels 5 that make up the retaining wall 6, so that fixing devices (anchors) 43 that are inserted into the ground protrude from the back side of the marking block 4. Figure 6-(a) shows the front surface of the marking block 4 shown in Figure 5-(a) as seen from slightly diagonally above, and Figure 6-(b) shows the back surface as seen from slightly diagonally above.

[0079] By forming a convex portion 41 on the surface side of the marking block 4, a concave portion 42 with a relatively concave surface side is formed above the convex portion 41. In a vertical cross section when the marking block 4 is viewed in the axial direction, the convex portion 41 and the concave portion 42 are formed in a shape such that when the convex portion 52 of a retaining wall panel 5 described below engages downward with the convex portion 41 of the marking block 4, the convex portion 52 fits into the concave portion 42 and the concave portion 51 of the retaining wall panel 5 fits into the convex portion 41 in the thickness direction of the retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figures 5-(b) and 1-(a).

[0080] The fixing device 43 is driven into the ground from the surface side of the marking block 4, for example, after the marking block 4 is positioned relative to the slope 10 while hanging from the crane 13 as described below. At the connection position of the fixing device 43, a through hole 44 is formed that passes through the marking block 4 in the thickness direction, as shown in Figures 5-(a) and 6-(a), for example, and the fixing device 43 is driven into the through hole 44 from the surface side of the marking block 4 and inserted into the ground.

[0081] 5 and 8, when the fixing device 43 is L-shaped like an anchor pin on the recess 42 side of the through-hole 44 of the marking block 4, with an anchoring portion that passes through the through-hole 44 and is driven into the ground, and an engaging portion that is bent continuously from the anchoring portion and engages with the marking block 4 toward the slope 10, a vertical groove 46 is formed into which the engaging portion fits and engages with the marking block 4. In this case, as the anchoring portion of the engaging portion of the fixing device 43 is driven into the ground, it engages with the vertical groove 46 toward the slope 10 (natural ground), thereby pressing the marking block 4 against the slope 10 and bringing its back surface into close contact with the slope.

[0082] As shown in Figure 7-(b), a recess 51 with a concave back side is formed on the upper side (near the top) of the back side of the retaining wall panel 5 at a position corresponding to the convex portion 41 of the marking block 4, and a convex portion 52 with a convex back side is formed above this recess 51, overlapping with the concave portion 42 of the marking block 4.

[0083] The upper back side of the retaining wall panel 5 is assembled facing the front side of the marking block 4, or is overlapped in the thickness direction. At this time, the convex portion 52 of the retaining wall panel 5 engages downward with the convex portion 41 of the marking block 4, thereby (temporarily) supporting the retaining wall panel 5 on the marking block 4. The convex portion 52 of the retaining wall panel 5 fits into the concave portion 42 of the marking block 4 in the thickness direction, and the convex portion 41 of the marking block 4 fits into the concave portion 51 of the retaining wall panel 5 in the thickness direction.

[0084] When the retaining wall panel 5 is placed on the marking block 4 as shown in Figure 9-(c), at a position corresponding to the horizontal insert 45 for connecting the marking block 4 shown in Figure 5-(a) to the retaining wall panel 5, a connecting hole 53 for inserting or screwing in a bolt 81 or the like is formed from the surface side of the retaining wall panel 5 as shown in Figures 7-(a) and 8. From the surface side of the retaining wall panel 5, an insert 54 is embedded for connecting a hanging device 5B such as an eyebolt for suspending and supporting the retaining wall panel 5 itself as shown in Figures 7-(a) and 10-(d).

[0085] When the retaining wall panel 3 is viewed from the front or rear side, insertion holes 55 are formed at one location in the center of the elevation or at multiple locations near the center line in the width direction, so that the reinforcing material 7, which is buried and fixed in the ground as shown in Figures 7 to 9, can penetrate the retaining wall panel 5 in the thickness direction. The head of the reinforcing material 7 protruding from the surface of the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to an anchoring plate 5C shown in Figure 2, which is fixed around the insertion hole 55 on the surface of the retaining wall panel 5.

[0086] 7 and 8, the retaining wall panel 5 also has drainage holes 56 formed therethrough from the back surface to the front surface for draining stagnant water such as rainwater present in the ground. The drainage holes 56 are sloped so that the portion that becomes the bottom of the drainage holes 56 when the retaining wall panel 5 is installed slopes downward from the horizontal from the back surface to the front surface of the retaining wall panel 5. In addition, the retaining wall panel 5 has injection holes 59 formed therethrough in the thickness direction for filling (injecting) filler material 71 from the front surface of the retaining wall panel 5 into the gap between the back surface and the slope 10.

[0087] Below, with reference to Figures 9 and 10, we will explain an example of the construction procedure for building a retaining wall 6 in which retaining wall panels 5 are arranged in two rows in the vertical direction along the slope 10. The following construction procedures may be performed in parallel or may be performed one after the other. Multiple retaining wall panels 5 are arranged in the longitudinal direction.

[0088] As shown in Figure 9-(a), the ground is excavated and a slope 10 is formed at an angle corresponding to the inclination angle of the retaining wall 6 to be constructed or the retaining wall panel 5 to be installed. The slope 10 is formed to a depth equal to the height of at least one retaining wall panel 5 plus the height of the beam 1, or the height of the beam 1 plus the height (length) of the auxiliary support device 1. Then, as shown in (b), a marking block 4 is installed at the top (upper part) of the slope 10 with its axial direction facing horizontally or in a direction along the top of the slope 10. At this time, a fixing device 43, which is integrated with the back side in advance and protrudes from the back side, or which will protrude after installation, is inserted into the ground and fixed.

[0089] The marking block 4 is hoisted by the lifting machine 13 by suspending the hoisting device 4A connected to the insert 45 on the top side of the marking block 4 from the wire of the lifting machine 13, as shown in Figure 9-(b). When multiple marking blocks 4 are arranged in the axial direction of the marking blocks 4, all of the marking blocks 4 are installed and fixed on the slope 10 at this point, as shown in Figure 12. The hoisting device 4A is removed after the marking blocks 4 are installed.

[0090] After the marking block 4 is installed, as shown in Figures 9-(c) and 11-(a), the retaining wall panel 5 to which the hanging device 5B is connected is hung onto the surface side of the marking block 4, and the upper convex part 52 of the retaining wall panel 5 is engaged downward with the convex part 41 of the marking block 4 to support the retaining wall panel 5 on the marking block 4. At this time, the connecting hole 53 of the retaining wall panel 5 is matched with the corresponding insert 45 on the surface side of the marking block 4, as shown in Figure 9.

[0091] Bolts 81 or the like are threaded through the connecting holes 53 into the inserts 45 of the marking block 4, and the retaining wall panel 5 is joined to the marking block 4. At the point in time shown in Figure 9-(b) or (c), the beam 1 shown in Figure 1 is installed on the support surface 11. Alternatively, the auxiliary support device 2 shown in Figure 3 is installed on the support surface 11, and the beam 1 is installed on the auxiliary support device 2. The beam 1 is placed below all of the retaining wall panels 5. The situation shown in Figure 9-(c) is shown in Figure 11-(a). After installation, the beam 1, or the beam 1 and auxiliary support device 2, together with the marking block 4, bear the load of the multiple retaining wall panels 5 directly above it until the head of the reinforcing material 7, described below, is completely fixed to the surface of the retaining wall panel 5.

[0092] Thereafter, as shown in Figure 9-(d), a drilling tool such as a double-wall casing pipe is used to form a drilled hole 12 through the insertion hole 55 of the retaining wall panel 5 to insert the reinforcing material 7 that will pass through the insertion hole 55. After, before, or at the same time as inserting the reinforcing material 7 into the drilled hole 12, a grout material such as mortar is filled into the drilled hole 12, and the reinforcing material 7 is fixed in the drilled hole 12 (in the grout material) as the grout material hardens.

[0093] The axial tip of the reinforcing material 7 is fixed within the drilled hole 12 by, for example, injecting grout material into the drilled hole 12, and with an axial tensile force applied to the reinforcing material 7, the head protruding from the surface of the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to the anchoring plate 5C on the surface of the retaining wall panel 5 as described below, thereby applying a compressive force to the ground and keeping the retaining wall panel 5 in close contact with the slope 10.

[0094] The installation of one layer of retaining wall panels 5 is completed when the retaining wall panels 5 are supported on the marking blocks 4 or joined to the marking blocks 4. However, in order to ensure the stability of the retaining wall panels 5 in their installed state, filler material 71 is filled (injected) into the gap between the back surface of the retaining wall panels 5 and the slope 10 through the injection holes 59 of the retaining wall panels 5, as shown in Figure 10-(a), and the retaining wall panels 5 are fixed to the slope 10.

[0095] At this time, in order to prevent the filling material 71 from leaking out of the insertion hole 55, an elastically deformable blocking material 5D is temporarily inserted into the insertion hole 55 from the surface side of the retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figure 8. The blocking material 5D is withdrawn after the filling material 71 has been filled. Once the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to the slope 10, the beam 1, or the beam 1 and auxiliary support device 2, are withdrawn from the first support surface 11 and installed on the newly formed support surface 11 on the lower side, either before or after the installation of the lower retaining wall panel 5. The situation in Figure 10-(a) is shown in Figure 11-(b).

[0096] The filler 71 is substantially the same material as the grout filled in the drilled hole 12 into which the reinforcing material 7 has been inserted. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, a liquid-stopping material (sealing material) 5A is fixed to the back surface of the retaining wall panel 5 to define a filling area for the filler 71 and to prevent leakage of the filler 71 from the filling area (disorderly outflow of the filler 71). Therefore, when filling the drilled hole 12 with grout, the grout as filler may overflow (flow out) from the drilled hole 12 and flow around to the back surface of the retaining wall panel 5. In this case, the step shown in Figure 10-(a) is omitted.

[0097] After the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed to the slope 10, the head of the reinforcing material 7 that passes through the insertion hole 55 as shown in Figure 10-(b) and protrudes toward the surface side of the retaining wall panel 5 is fixed using a nut or the like to the fixing plate 5C shown in Figure 3 that is installed around the insertion hole 55. If the retaining wall 6 is composed only of the marking block 4 and one layer of retaining wall panels 5, construction (construction of the retaining wall 6) ends when the work in Figure 10-(b) is completed.

[0098] When arranging a retaining wall panel 5 on the lower side of the retaining wall panel 5 shown in Figure 10-(d), the ground below the topmost retaining wall panel 5 is excavated as shown in Figure 10-(c), and a slope 10 and a support surface 11 are formed for installing the lower retaining wall panel 5. In this case, as described above, a recess 57 is formed on the lower side of the surface of the retaining wall panel 5 at a position corresponding to the protrusion 52 on the upper side of the retaining wall panel 5, and a protrusion 58 corresponding to the recess 51 is formed below the recess 57 as shown in Figure 10-(d).

[0099] After forming the slope 10 for installing the lower retaining wall panel 5, the upper back surface of the lower retaining wall panel 5 is assembled facing the lower surface of the upper retaining wall panel 5, as shown in Figure 10-(d). The upper convex portion 52 of the lower retaining wall panel 5 engages downward with the convex portion 58 while fitting into the lower recessed portion 57 of the upper retaining wall panel 5, and the lower retaining wall panel 5 is supported by the upper retaining wall panel 5.

[0100] Thereafter, the construction of the retaining wall 6 consisting of two tiers of retaining wall panels 5, 5 is completed when the work of fixing the lower tier retaining wall panel 5 to the slope 10 with the reinforcing material 7, filling the back side of the lower tier retaining wall panel 5 with the filling material 7, and fixing the head of the reinforcing material 4 that has passed through the lower tier retaining wall panel 5 to the retaining wall panel 5 is completed. If three or more tiers of retaining wall panels 5 are arranged, the work shown in Figure 10-(d) and subsequent steps are repeated. [Explanation of symbols]

[0101] 1...beam, 1a...lower flange, 1A...supported surface, 1b...upper flange, 1B...support surface, 1c...web, 2... Auxiliary support device, 21... Support column, 3...lifting device, 31...shaft material, 32...nut, 33...handle, 34...base plate, 3A...supported surface, 4... Marking block, 41... Convex portion, 42... Concave portion, 43... Fixing device, 44... Through hole, 45... Insert, 46... Vertical groove, 4A... Hanging device, 5...retaining wall panel, 51...(upper side) recess, 52...(upper side) protrusion, 53...connection hole, 54...insert, 55...through hole, 56...drain hole, 57...(lower side) recess, 58...(lower side) protrusion, 59...injection hole, 5A: Liquid stopping material, 5B: Hanging device, 5C: Fixing plate, 5D: Blocking material, 6...Slope stabilization retaining wall, 7...reinforcement material, 71...filler material, 8...connecting member, 81...bolt, 9...adjustment member, 9a...hanging device, 91...pulling device, 91a...chain, 91b...hook, 91c...hook, 91d...lever, 10...Slope, 11...support surface, 12...Drilling, 13... Lifting machine.

Claims

1. A slope stabilization retaining wall comprising: a marking block disposed at the top of a slope with its axial direction directed along the top of the slope and fixed to the slope; and a plurality of retaining wall panels disposed below the marking block and arranged along the top of the slope, and supported by the marking block, to which heads of reinforcing materials fixed into the ground, protruding from the slope, are fixed. The retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface formed on the ground at a position corresponding to the lower side of all of the plurality of retaining wall panels or in the vicinity thereof, and between the lower ends of all of the retaining wall panels, beams are arranged that span all of the retaining wall panels, have a supported surface at the bottom, and are capable of bearing at least a portion of the load of all of the retaining wall panels, so that all of the retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface via the beams, A support structure for retaining wall panels in a slope stabilization retaining wall, characterized in that all of the retaining wall panels, which are supported by the marking blocks, are additionally supported by the beams supported on the support surface until the reinforcement material is completely fixed underground.

2. A slope stabilization retaining wall comprising: a marking block disposed at the top of a slope with its axial direction directed along the top of the slope and fixed to the slope; and a plurality of retaining wall panels disposed below the marking block and arranged along the top of the slope, and supported by the marking block, to which heads of reinforcing materials fixed into the ground, protruding from the slope, are fixed. The retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface formed on the ground at a position corresponding to the lower side of all of the plurality of retaining wall panels or in the vicinity thereof, and between the lower ends of all of the retaining wall panels, beams are arranged that span all of the retaining wall panels, have a supported surface at the bottom, and are capable of bearing at least a portion of the load of all of the retaining wall panels, so that all of the retaining wall panels are supported on the support surface via the beams, Between the supported surface and the supporting surface of the beam, a plurality of auxiliary support devices having a supported surface at the bottom and a support column capable of bearing at least a part of the load of the retaining wall panel are installed, A support structure for retaining wall panels in a slope stabilization retaining wall, characterized in that until the reinforcement material is completely fixed underground, all of the retaining wall panels, which are supported by the marking block, are secondarily supported by the auxiliary support device supported on the support surface via the beam.

3. 3. A support structure for retaining wall panels in a slope stabilization retaining wall according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the beam has a support surface at its upper part with which the lower ends of all of the retaining wall panels contact.

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