Blood purification device

Abstract

To perform work of removing liquid from a liquid supply passage.SOLUTION: An online port 13 is provided in a liquid supply circuit 11 provided between a dialysate feeding passage 4A and a blood circuit 3. The online port 13 is provided with a liquid supply passage 11a so as to be attachable and detachable. The online port 13 includes: a first bypass passage 42 communicating a space formed between an inner port and an outer port and the dialysate feeding passage 4A; and an on-off valve (fifteenth on-off valve V15). In work of removing liquid, the fifteenth on-off valve V15 of the first bypass passage 42 is opened and liquid in a dialysate recovery passage 4B is discharged by a water removal pump 38 of a water removal passage 37. As a result, air flows from the outer port into the first bypass passage 42, the air is allowed to flow from a liquid supply passage 11b to the blood circuit 3 via the dialysate feeding passage 4A, and thereby, liquid is removed from the liquid supply passage 11a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus, and more particularly to a blood purification apparatus capable of efficiently removing liquid remaining in a blood circuit after blood return. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, blood purification devices have been known that include a blood circuit consisting of an arterial passage and a venous passage connected to a blood purifier, and a dialysate circuit consisting of a dialysate supply passage and a dialysate recovery passage connected to the blood purifier (Patent Documents 1 and 2). In such blood purification devices, a blood return process is performed to return blood remaining in the blood purifier or blood circuit to the patient after dialysis treatment, and liquids such as saline or dialysis fluid are generally used in this blood return process. Furthermore, since these liquids remain in the blood circuit and dialyzer after the blood return process, if the equipment is disposed of in this state, there is a risk of the residual liquid scattering and causing an infection accident. In addition, the weight of the waste increases by the amount of the residual liquid, which creates the problem of additional waste disposal costs. Therefore, in the blood purification device of Patent Document 1, the communication port on the dialysate supply passage side of the dialyzer is connected to the atmosphere, and the waste fluid valve of the dialysate recovery passage is opened. Furthermore, the blood pump of the blood circuit is operated to allow air to flow in from the dialysate supply passage, thereby removing the residual fluid in the blood circuit and the dialyzer. On the other hand, the blood purification device of Patent Document 2 is provided with a fluid replacement passageway branching off from the blood circuit to provide fluid replacement during dialysis treatment, and the fluid replacement passageway connected to the blood circuit side is connected to an online port provided on the dialysis device. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4257602 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-145723 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Here, the blood purification device of Patent Document 2 is provided with a fluid replacement pump in the fluid replacement passage, and by operating the fluid replacement pump, liquid can be removed from the fluid replacement passage after the blood return procedure. However, blood purification devices that do not have a fluid replacement pump in the fluid replacement passage are also known. In such a configuration, simply connecting the communication port on the dialysate supply passage side of the dialyzer to the atmosphere as in Patent Document 1 does not allow the liquid in the fluid replacement passage to be removed, which makes the fluid removal process complicated. In view of these problems, the present invention provides a blood purification device that can efficiently remove fluid from the fluid replacement passage as well. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] That is, the blood purification device according to the invention of claim 1 comprises a blood purifier whose interior is divided into a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path by a blood purification membrane; a blood circuit having an arterial passage and a venous passage connected to the blood flow path of the blood purifier; a dialysate circuit having a dialysate supply passage and a dialysate recovery passage connected to the dialysate flow path of the blood purifier; a blood pump provided in the arterial passage; a replacement fluid supply passage connected to the dialysate supply passage; a replacement fluid passage connected to the blood circuit; an online port connected to the replacement fluid supply passage and to which the replacement fluid passage is detachably provided; a water removal passage connected to the dialysate recovery passage; and a water removal pump provided in the water removal passage. the online port includes an inner port that connects the replacement fluid supply passage and the replacement fluid passage, and a cylindrical outer port that is provided so as to surround the inner port; a first bypass passage that connects a space formed between the inner port and the outer port with the dialysis fluid supply passage, and an on-off valve that opens and closes the first bypass passage; In the liquid removal operation for removing the liquid remaining in the blood circuit, the on-off valve of the first bypass passage is opened, and the liquid in the dialysis fluid recovery passage is discharged by the water removal pump, The liquid is removed from the replacement fluid passage by causing air to flow from the outer port into the first bypass passage and then circulating the air from the replacement fluid supply passage to the blood circuit via the dialysate supply passage. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the invention of claim 1, even in a blood purification device in which a fluid replacement pump is not provided in the fluid replacement passage, by circulating air through the fluid replacement passage via an outer port provided in the online port during the fluid removal operation, the air can be used to remove liquid from the fluid replacement passage on the blood circuit side. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the dialysis device according to the present embodiment. [Figure 2] Cross section of an online port in a closed state. [Figure 3] Cross-sectional view of an online port in a connected state. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the procedure for draining the fluid replacement passage. [Figure 5] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the procedure for draining the priming passage. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the procedure for draining the blood circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] 1 shows a blood purification apparatus 1 for performing hemodialysis as a blood purification treatment, which comprises a dialyzer 2 as a blood purifier, a blood circuit 3 connected to the dialyzer 2 for circulating blood, and a dialysate circuit 4 connected to the dialyzer 2 for circulating dialysate. The blood purification apparatus 1 is controlled by control means (not shown). When dialysis treatment is performed, a new dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 are attached to the blood purification device 1, and before dialysis treatment, a priming operation is performed to fill these with priming fluid. In addition, after dialysis treatment, a blood return process is required to return the blood that has circulated through the dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 during dialysis treatment to the patient. During this blood return process, dialysate is supplied from the dialysate circuit 4 to the dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3, and the blood in the dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 is pushed out to the patient by the dialysate. The used dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 must be disposed of as medical waste. However, if liquid remains in the dialyzer 2 or blood circuit 3 at this time, the residual liquid may scatter, potentially resulting in an infection accident. In addition, the weight of the waste increases by the amount of the residual liquid, resulting in additional waste disposal costs. Therefore, in the blood purification device 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, a fluid draining operation is performed to remove the dialysate remaining in the dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 after the blood returning operation.

[0009] The dialyzer 2 has a configuration in which countless hollow fibers 2a serving as blood purification membranes are housed inside a cylindrical housing, and the inside of the hollow fibers 2a constitutes a blood flow path communicating with the blood circuit 3, while the outside of the hollow fibers 2a constitutes a dialysate flow path communicating with the dialysate circuit 4. During dialysis treatment, blood purification is performed between the blood flowing through the blood flow path and the dialysate flowing through the dialysate flow path.

[0010] The blood circuit 3 includes a venous passage 3A connected to the patient's vein from the dialyzer 2 to return blood to the patient, and an arterial passage 3B connected to the patient's artery to supply the patient's blood to the dialyzer 2. Between the blood circuit 3 and the dialysate circuit 4 in this embodiment, a fluid replacement circuit 11 used for fluid replacement during dialysis treatment and a priming passage 12 used mainly for priming work are provided. One end of the arterial passage 3B is connected to the dialyzer 2, and the other end is provided with a puncture needle 21 that is inserted into the patient's blood vessel. A first clamp C1, a drip chamber 22, a blood pump 23, and a drip chamber 24 are provided between the dialyzer 2 and the puncture needle 21. Of these, the drip chamber 24 is provided with an air vent passage 24a, and the air vent passage 24a is provided with an air release valve 24b and an arterial pressure sensor 24c. One end of the venous passage 3A is connected to the dialyzer 2, and the other end is provided with a puncture needle 25 that is inserted into the patient's blood vessel. A drip chamber 26 and a second clamp C2 are provided between the dialyzer 2 and the puncture needle 25. Of these, the drip chamber 26 is provided with an air vent passage 26a, and the air vent passage 26a is provided with an air release valve 26b and a venous pressure sensor 26c. When priming or draining is performed, the distal end of the arterial passage 3B and the distal end of the venous passage 3A can be connected by a connecting means as shown in FIG. 4, thereby forming a circulation path that is not open to the atmosphere.

[0011] The fluid replacement circuit 11 is provided so as to branch off from the venous passage 3A between the dialyzer 2 and the drip chamber 26, and has a fluid replacement passage 11a constituting the blood circuit 3, a fluid replacement supply passage 11b constituting the dialysate circuit 4, and an online port 13 provided in the main body 1A of the blood purification device 1 (see Figure 2) and connecting the fluid replacement passage 11a and the fluid replacement supply passage 11b. The fluid replacement passage 11a on the blood circuit side is supplied while connected to the venous passage 3A, and during fluid removal work, the dialysis fluid must be removed from the fluid replacement passage 11a, detached from the online port 13, and then discarded.

[0012] The priming passage 12 is provided so as to branch off from the arterial passage 3B between the first clamp C1 and the blood pump 23, and has a priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side, a priming passage 12b on the dialysate circuit side, and a connection port 12c provided in the main body 1A and connecting the priming passage 12a and the priming passage 12b. A conventionally known one can be used for the connection port 12c, and a third clamp C3 is provided on the priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side. The priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side is supplied in a state of being connected to the arterial passage 3B, and in the fluid removal operation, the dialysis fluid must be removed from the priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side, removed from the connection port 12c, and discarded.

[0013] The dialysate circuit 4 includes a dialysate supply passage 4A that supplies fresh dialysate to the dialyzer 2, a dialysate recovery passage 4B that recovers used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer 2, a first dialysate chamber 31 and a second dialysate chamber 32 that are identical in shape and contain dialysate, and a dialysate pump 33 provided in the dialysate recovery passage 4B. Inside the first and second dialysate chambers 31, 32, there are formed supply chambers 31A, 32A for storing fresh dialysate, and recovery chambers 31B, 32B for storing used dialysate. The supply chambers 31A and 32A are connected to the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A and a water supply passage 4C connected to a purified water supply means (not shown) which branch off from each other. Fluid supply valves V1 and V2 are provided in the branched passages of the water supply passage 4C, and supply valves V3 and V4 are provided in the branched passages of the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A. On the other hand, the dialysate collection passage 4B and a drainage passage 4D connected to a drainage tank (not shown) are branched and connected to the collection chambers 31B and 32B, respectively. The branched passages of the dialysate collection passage 4B are provided with collection valves V5 and V6, and the branched passages of the drainage passage 4D are provided with drainage valves V7 and V8. A liquid A supply source 34 and a liquid B supply source 35 are connected to the water supply passage 4C, and supply the A and B concentrates, which are the concentrates of the dialysis fluid, respectively. A water supply pump 36 is provided upstream of these sources.

[0014] The dialysate supply passage 4A is provided with a first dialysate filter F1 and a second dialysate filter F2, each of which is an endotoxin-cutting filter that purifies the dialysate, as well as a first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 and a ninth opening / closing valve V9 that are controlled by a control means. A replacement fluid supply passage 11b constituting the replacement fluid circuit 11 is connected between the second dialysis fluid filter F2 and the first flow rate adjustment valve MV1, and the replacement fluid supply passage 11b is provided with a second flow rate adjustment valve MV2 and a tenth opening / closing valve V10 controlled by a control means. The first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 of the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A and the second flow rate adjustment valve MV2 of the replacement fluid supply passage 11b are controlled by a control means, thereby making it possible to adjust the flow rate of the dialysis fluid circulating through the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A and the replacement fluid circuit 11.

[0015] The dialysis fluid recovery passage 4B is provided with an eleventh on-off valve V11 controlled by a control means and the fluid supply pump 33, and a water removal passage 37 is provided adjacent to the downstream side of the fluid supply pump 33 between the drainage passage 4D and the dialysis fluid recovery passage 4B, and a water removal pump 38 is provided in the water removal passage 37. The water removal pump 38 is composed of a cylinder pump, and the flow rate of the liquid to be sent can be accurately controlled by the control means.

[0016] A second bypass passage 41 according to the present invention is provided between the dialysate supply passage 4A and the dialysate collection passage 4B, and the second bypass passage 41 is provided with a twelfth on-off valve V12 and a thirteenth on-off valve V13 controlled by a control means. One end of the second bypass passage 41 is connected between the ninth on-off valve V9 and the first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 in the dialysate supply passage 4A, and the other end is connected between the eleventh on-off valve V11 and the solution delivery pump 33 in the dialysate collection passage 4B. A priming passage 12b on the dialysate circuit side constituting the priming passage 12 is connected between the twelfth on-off valve V12 and the thirteenth on-off valve V13 in the second bypass passage 41, and a fourteenth on-off valve V14 controlled by control means is provided in the priming passage 12b. With this configuration, when the twelfth on-off valve V12 of the second bypass passage 41 is opened and the thirteenth on-off valve V13 is closed, the blood circuit 3 communicates with the dialysate supply passage 4A via the priming passage 12, and conversely, when the twelfth on-off valve V12 is closed and the thirteenth on-off valve V13 is opened, the blood circuit 3 communicates with the dialysate collection passage 4B via the priming passage 12.

[0017] 2 and 3 show the online port 13 provided in the above-mentioned replacement fluid circuit 11. Fig. 2 shows a closed state in which the online port 13 is closed by a cover member 54, and Fig. 3 shows a connected state in which a replacement fluid passage 11a is connected to the online port 13. Note that the online port 13 of this embodiment is publicly known from Patent Document 2, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The online port 13 comprises a base member 51 fixed to the main body 1A of the blood purification device 1, a cylindrical outer port 52 with a bottom fixed to the base member 51, a cylindrical inner port 53 arranged to pass through the outer port 52, a cover member 54 that closes the inner port 53 together with the outer port 52, and a lever 55 that moves the cover member 54. The base member 51 is substantially disk-shaped, and has a through-hole 51a drilled at a position adjacent to the outer port 52, through which a rod 55a provided on the lever 55 passes slidably. A flange 55b is provided on the portion of the rod 55a that protrudes toward the internal space of the main body 1A, and a spring 55c is elastically mounted between the flange 55b and the base member 51 so that the lever 55 is always biased toward the main body 1A.

[0018] The outer port 52 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom, an opening of which is located on the end face of the base member 51, and a bottom of which is provided so as to protrude into the main body 1A. A ring seal 56 is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the outer port 52 near the opening, and is in close contact with the outer circumferential surface of the lid member 54, thereby maintaining a liquid-tight seal between the two members. An outlet 52a is formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical surface of the outer port 52, and the first bypass passage 42 according to the present invention is connected to the outlet 52a. As shown in FIG. 1, the first bypass passage 42 is connected between the first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 and the ninth on-off valve V9 in the dialysate supply passage 4A, and the first bypass passage 42 is provided with a fifteenth on-off valve V15 controlled by a control means.

[0019] The inner port 53 is made of a tubular member and penetrates the bottom surface of the outer port 52, so that a space S is formed between the inner surface of the outer port 52 and the outer surface of the inner port 53. One end of the inner port 53 is provided so as to protrude outside the main body 1A, and when the online port 13 is connected, the fluid replacement passage 11a can be attached to the tip of the inner port 53. On the other hand, the other end of the inner port 53 protrudes inside the main body 1A and is connected to the replacement fluid supply passage 11b, and when the replacement fluid passage 11a is connected to the inner port 53, the replacement fluid supply passage 11b and the replacement fluid passage 11a become connected to each other.

[0020] The lid member 54 is a cylindrical member with a bottom, and the bottom is connected and fixed to the lever 55. The outer diameter of the lid member 54 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the outer port 52, and the inner diameter is set larger than that of the inner port 53. With this configuration, in the closed state shown in Figure 2, the cover member 54 is inserted into the outer port 52, and the outer surface of the cover member 54 comes into close contact with the ring seal 56 provided on the inner surface of the outer port 52, maintaining a liquid-tight seal between the two members. In addition, in the closed state, a gap is formed between the tip of the inner port 53 and the bottom of the cover member 54, so that the space S formed between the inner port 53 and the outer port 52 is liquid-tightly partitioned from the outside. With this configuration, after the end of dialysis treatment, when the online port 13 is closed and a cleaning fluid is supplied from the replacement fluid supply passage 11b, the dialysate is discharged from the tip of the inner port 53, thereby cleaning the tip of the inner port 53 exposed to the space S. Thereafter, the cleaning fluid is discharged from the outlet 52a through the first bypass passage 42 to the dialysate supply passage 4A.

[0021] To change the online port 13 from the closed state shown in FIG. 2 to the open state shown in FIG. 3, the lever 55 is pulled out to the outside of the main body 1A, and the cover member 54 is removed from the outer port 52, and the lever 55 is then rotated approximately 90°. This exposes the inner port 53, making it possible to connect the replacement fluid passage 11a to the tip of the inner port 53. The dialysis fluid supplied from the replacement fluid supply passage 11b flows through the inner port 53, and is then supplied to the blood circuit 3 via the replacement fluid passage 11a. Furthermore, when the online port 13 is opened, the space S formed between the inner port 53 and the outer port 52 is opened to the outside, and as will be described later, it becomes possible for outside air to flow into the first bypass passage 42 through the exhaust port 52a.

[0022] The operation of the blood purification device 1 having the above configuration will be described. First, the flow of dialysate in the dialysate circuit 4 during dialysis treatment will be described. Water and undiluted solution A and undiluted solution B are supplied to supply chamber 31A of first dialysate chamber 31 from purified water supply means and solution A and solution B supply sources 34, 35 via water supply passage 4C, and are mixed inside to prepare fresh dialysate. At this time, when water or concentrate flows into the supply chamber 31A, the diaphragm deforms and the volume of the supply chamber 31A expands, and as a result, the volume of the collection chamber 31B decreases, allowing the used dialysis fluid to be drained from the collection chamber 31B through the drainage passage 4D. On the other hand, used dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer 2 is supplied to the collection chamber 32B of the second dialysate chamber 32 via the dialysate collection passage 4B, thereby expanding the volume of the collection chamber 32B and correspondingly reducing the volume of the supply chamber 32A, so that fresh dialysate is sent from the supply chamber 32A to the dialyzer 2 via the dialysate supply passage 4A. When the volumes of the recovery chamber 31B of the first dialysate chamber 31 and the supply chamber 32A of the second dialysate chamber 32 become zero, the open / closed states of the supply valves V1, V2 and drain valves V7, V8, and the supply valves V3, V4 and recovery valves V5, V6 provided in the first and second dialysate chambers 31, 32 are switched. Then, in the first dialysate chamber 31, fresh dialysate is supplied from the supply chamber 31A to the dialyzer 2, and the used dialysate is collected in the collection chamber 31B. Meanwhile, in the second dialysate chamber 32, fresh dialysate is supplied to the supply chamber 32A, and the used dialysate is drained from the collection chamber 32B to the drain passage 4D. Thereafter, by alternately repeating the above operations, the dialysate circuit 4 can continuously supply fresh dialysate to the dialyzer 2 and collect used dialysate, and hemodialysis is performed in the dialyzer 2 between the dialysate and the blood circulating through the blood circuit 3.

[0023] When a fluid replacement operation is performed to replace dialysate with a patient during dialysis treatment, the control means controls the first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 of the dialysate supply passage 4A and the second flow rate adjustment valve MV2 of the replacement fluid supply passage 11b, and also opens the tenth opening / closing valve V10 of the replacement fluid supply passage 11b. Then, a portion of the dialysis fluid flowing through the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A flows through the replacement fluid supply passage 11b, then flows into the replacement fluid passage 11a via the online port 13, and further flows into the venous passage 3A, thereby providing replacement fluid to the patient.

[0024] When performing a water removal operation to remove water from the patient's blood during dialysis treatment, the control means operates the water removal pump 38 provided in the water removal passage 37 in the forward direction. Then, a portion of the used dialysis fluid flowing through the dialysis fluid recovery passage 4B is discharged to the drainage passage 4D via the water removal passage 37, which generates a pressure difference inside the dialyzer 2 and removes excess water from the blood.

[0025] Next, a priming procedure that is performed when using the blood purification apparatus will be described. In the priming operation, first, an empty dialyzer 2 and blood circuit 3 are attached to the blood purification device 1, and then the fluid replacement passage 11a constituting the fluid replacement circuit 11 is connected to the online port 13, and the priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side constituting the priming passage 12 is connected to the connection port 12c. In this state, when the dialysate is circulated through the dialysate circuit 4 in the same manner as in dialysis treatment, the dialysate flows from the dialysate supply passage 4A into the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 2, and is then discharged into the dialysate recovery passage 4B, filling the dialysate flow path with the dialysate. Subsequently, the first and second flow rate regulating valves MV1 and MV2 are controlled in the same manner as when fluid replacement is performed, and the dialysate in the dialysate supply passage 4A is caused to flow into the blood circuit 3 via the fluid replacement circuit 11. At this time, the arterial passage 3B and the venous passage 3A of the blood circuit 3 are connected, and by operating the blood pump 23 in this state, the dialysis fluid that has flowed into the blood circuit 3 circulates through the blood circuit 3, filling the blood flow path of the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3. On the other hand, when the dialysate continues to be supplied to the blood circuit 3, the dialysate that has flowed in beyond the capacity of the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3 is discharged from the priming passage 12, and then this dialysate is collected in the dialysate collection passage 4B via the first bypass passage 42. By carrying out the priming operation, the fluid replacement circuit 11 and the priming passage 12 connected to the blood circuit 3 are filled with the dialysate.

[0026] Next, the blood return process for returning the blood remaining in the blood circuit 3 to the patient after the dialysis treatment will be described. During the blood return operation, the arterial passage 3B and the venous passage 3A remain attached to the patient, and in this state, the first and second flow control valves MV1 and MV2 are controlled to allow the dialysate in the dialysate supply passage 4A to flow into the blood circuit 3 via the fluid replacement circuit 11, just as when performing fluid replacement. Furthermore, by rotating the blood pump 23 of the blood circuit 3 forward and backward, the dialysis fluid flowing into the blood circuit 3 pushes the blood in the arterial passage 3B and the venous passage 3A toward the patient, thereby returning the blood in the blood circuit 3 to the patient. During the blood return operation, the dialysate may be supplied from the dialysate supply passage 4A to the blood circuit 3 via the priming passage 12, and the blood return operation may be performed. By performing the blood return operation, the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3 are filled with dialysate instead of blood, and at this time, the replacement fluid circuit 11 and the priming passage 12 connected to the blood circuit 3 are also filled with dialysate.

[0027] 4 to 6, the fluid removal operation for removing the dialysate from the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3, which is performed after the blood return operation, will be described below. As described above, when the blood return process is completed, the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3 are filled with dialysis fluid. In this state, the medical staff removes the puncture needles 21 and 25 from the patient, and connects the tips of the venous passage 3A and the arterial passage 3B with a connecting means (not shown) to form a circulation path. In this state, when a medical professional instructs the control means to start the fluid removal operation, the control means first performs the fluid removal operation from the fluid replacement circuit 11 shown in FIG. During the above-described dialysis treatment, the control means closes all of the supply valves V1, V2, supply valves V3, V4, recovery valves V5, V6, and drain valves V7, V8 that communicate with the first and second dialysate chambers 31, 32. The control means also closes the ninth on-off valve V9 of the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A, fully opens the first flow rate adjustment valve MV1 and the second flow rate adjustment valve MV2, and further opens the tenth on-off valve V10 of the replacement fluid supply passage 11b and the fifteenth on-off valve V15 of the first bypass passage 42. Furthermore, the control means operates the fluid supply pump 33 of the dialysate collection passage 4B and the water removal pump 38 of the water removal passage 37 to discharge the dialysate in the dialysate collection passage 4B to the drainage passage 4D. At this time, the blood pump 23 of the blood circuit 3 is stopped.

[0028] Then, the dialysate in the dialysate recovery passage 4B is sent to the drainage passage 4D by the water removal pump 38, and the dialysate is discharged from the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 2. A pressure difference is generated between the dialysate flow path and the blood flow path inside the dialyzer 2, and the dialysate moves from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path. Meanwhile, in the replacement fluid circuit 11, the 15th on-off valve V15 of the first bypass passage 42 is opened, and the online port 13 is in a connected state as shown in Figure 3, allowing air to flow in from the outlet 52a of the outer port 52. The air that flows in from the outer port 52 flows back through the hatched portion in FIG. 4, i.e., the first bypass passage 42 and the dialysate supply passage 4A, and then flows through the replacement fluid circuit 11 and into the venous passage 3A. As a result, the air pushes out the dialysate remaining in the fluid replacement circuit 11 into the venous passage 3A, and in particular, the dialysate is removed from the fluid replacement passage 11a connected to the blood circuit 3.

[0029] In the operation of FIG. 4, the control means registers the volume of the portion through which the air flows, i.e., the volume of the first bypass passage 42, part of the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A, and the flow path constituting the fluid replacement circuit 11, and controls the water removal pump 38 to deliver dialysis fluid at a first delivery flow rate corresponding to the volume. When the dialysis fluid at the first fluid flow rate is discharged from the dialysis fluid recovery passage 4B to the drainage passage 4D, air of an amount equal to the first fluid flow rate flows in from the outer port 52 of the online port 13, so that most of the dialysis fluid can be removed from the replacement fluid circuit 11.

[0030] FIG. 5 shows the operation of draining the liquid from the priming passage 12. When the drainage of fluid from the fluid replacement circuit 11 shown in the state of Figure 4 is completed, the control means closes the first and second flow control valves MV1 and MV2 while continuing to operate the fluid delivery pump 33 and the water removal pump 38, and closes the tenth opening / closing valve V10 in the fluid replacement supply passage 11b. Furthermore, the control means opens the twelfth on-off valve V12 of the second bypass passage 41 to connect the priming passage 12 to the dialysate supply passage 4A, and also opens the fourteenth on-off valve V14 of the priming passage 12 and the third clamp C3. In Figure 5, in the dialyzer 2, the dialysate continues to flow from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path in the hollow fibers 2a, as in the state shown in Figure 4, and air continues to flow into the online port 13 from the outer port 52. As a result, the air that has flowed in from the outer port 52 of the online port 13 flows from the first bypass passage 42 through the dialysate supply passage 4A, and then flows from the second bypass passage 41 through the priming passage 12 into the arterial passage 3B. The air pushes the dialysate remaining in the priming passage 12 into the arterial passage 3B, thereby removing the dialysate from the priming passage 12. In this case, too, the control means pre-registers the volume of the portion through which the air flows, i.e., the volume of the flow paths constituting part of the dialysis fluid supply passage 4A, part of the second bypass passage 41, and the priming passage 12, and controls the water removal pump 38 to deliver dialysis fluid at a second delivery flow rate corresponding to the volume. When the dialysate at the second fluid flow rate is discharged from the dialysate recovery passage 4B to the drain passage 4D, air in an amount equal to the second fluid flow rate flows in from the outer port 52 of the online port 13, and most of the dialysate is removed from the priming passage 12, completing the draining of the priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side.

[0031] FIG. 6 shows the operation of draining the fluid from the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3. When drainage from the priming passage 12 is completed in the state shown in Figure 5, the control means closes the fifteenth on-off valve V15 in the first bypass passage 42 connected to the online port 13, the twelfth on-off valve V12 in the second bypass passage 41, the fourteenth on-off valve V14 in the priming passage 12, and the third clamp C3, while continuing to operate the liquid supply pump 33 and the water removal pump 38. Furthermore, the control means opens the air release valve 26b provided in the air vent passage 26a of the drip chamber 26 of the venous passage 3A in the blood circuit 3, and also operates the blood pump 23 in the forward direction. In the dialyzer 2, the dialysate continues to move from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path from the state shown in FIG. 5. In addition, since the blood circuit 3 is formed by connecting the venous passage 3A and the arterial passage 3B to form a circulation path, the dialysate delivered by the blood pump 23 moves from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path in the dialyzer 2, and is then discharged into the dialysate recovery passage 4B. On the other hand, the air flowing in from the air vent passage 26a of the drip chamber 26 flows from the drip chamber 26 into the venous passage 3A, and then pushes the dialysis fluid remaining in the arterial passage 3B from the venous passage 3A toward the dialyzer 2. The control means operates the blood pump 23 for a predetermined time, thereby discharging the dialysate in the dialyzer 2 into the dialysate recovery passage 4B, thereby completing the withdrawal of the dialysate from the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3. In this case, the control means pre-registers the volumes of the flow paths constituting the venous passage 3A and the arterial passage 3B, and the dialyzer 2, and controls the water removal pump 38 to deliver the dialysis fluid at a third delivery flow rate corresponding to the volumes. Once the dialysate has been removed from the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3 in this manner, the medical staff will disconnect the replacement fluid passage 11a from the online port 13, disconnect the priming passage 12a on the blood circuit side from the connection port 12c, and then remove the dialyzer 2 and the blood circuit 3 from the blood purification device 1 and discard them as medical waste.

[0032] As described above, the blood purification device 1 of this embodiment is provided with the online port 13 shown in Figures 2 and 3, so that fluid can be automatically drained from all passages constituting the blood circuit 3, including the fluid replacement passage 11a and the priming passage 12a, as shown in Figures 4 to 6. Specifically, for the replacement fluid circuit 11, by allowing the air to flow into the first bypass passage 42 through the outlet 52a provided in the online port 13, the air is circulated from the dialysate supply passage 4A to the replacement fluid circuit 11, thereby making it possible to remove the dialysate from the replacement fluid circuit 11. Similarly, for the priming passage 12, by allowing the air to flow into the first bypass passage 42 through the outlet 52a provided in the online port 13, the air can be circulated from the dialysate supply passage 4A through the second bypass passage 41 and the priming passage 12, thereby removing the dialysate from the priming passage 12. During this fluid drainage operation, the medical staff only needs to connect the arterial passage 3B, which has been detached from the patient, to the venous passage 3A and perform the required operations on the control means, making it possible to efficiently perform the series of operations associated with fluid drainage.

[0033] The order of the operations in Figures 4 and 5 can be reversed, and in the operation in Figure 6, the air vent passages 24a of the other drip chambers 24 provided in the blood circuit 3 may be opened. Furthermore, although the above embodiment has been described as a so-called personal dialysis device in which dialysis fluid is prepared in the first and second dialysis fluid chambers 31 and 32, the present invention can also be adopted in a so-called dialysis monitoring device in which pre-prepared dialysis fluid is supplied through the water supply passage 4C. [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 1 Dialysis machine 2 Dialysis machine 3 Blood Circuit 3A Venous Channel 3B Arterial passage 4 Dialysate circuit 4A Dialysis fluid supply passage 4B Dialysis fluid collection passage 11 fluid replacement circuit 12 priming passage 13 Online Port

Claims

1. A blood purification apparatus comprising: a blood purifier whose interior is partitioned into a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path by a blood purification membrane; a blood circuit having an arterial passage and a venous passage connected to the blood flow path of the blood purifier; a dialysate circuit having a dialysate supply passage and a dialysate recovery passage connected to the dialysate flow path of the blood purifier; a blood pump provided in the arterial passage; a replacement fluid supply passage connected to the dialysate supply passage; a replacement fluid passage connected to the blood circuit; an online port connected to the replacement fluid supply passage and to which the replacement fluid passage is detachably provided; a water removal passage connected to the dialysate recovery passage; and a water removal pump provided in the water removal passage, the online port includes an inner port that connects the replacement fluid supply passage and the replacement fluid passage, and a cylindrical outer port that is provided so as to surround the inner port; a first bypass passage that connects a space formed between the inner port and the outer port with the dialysate supply passage; and an on-off valve that opens and closes the first bypass passage, In the liquid removal operation for removing the liquid remaining in the blood circuit, the on-off valve of the first bypass passage is opened, and the liquid in the dialysis solution collection passage is discharged by the water removal pump, a blood purification apparatus for removing liquid from the replacement fluid passage by causing air to flow from the outer port into the first bypass passage and then circulating the air from the replacement fluid supply passage toward the blood circuit via the dialysate supply passage.

2. a second bypass passageway that connects the dialysate supply passageway and the dialysate collection passageway; and a priming passageway that branches off from the arterial passageway and connects to the second bypass passageway, In the liquid removal operation, the opening / closing valve of the first bypass passage is opened and the water removal pump is operated, 2. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein air is introduced from the outer port into the first bypass passage, and the air is circulated from the priming passage to the arterial passage via the dialysate supply passage and the second bypass passage, thereby removing liquid from the priming passage.

3. a drip chamber is provided in the blood circuit, and an air release valve is provided in the drip chamber; In the liquid removal operation, the on-off valve of the first bypass passage is closed, the air release valve is opened, and the water removal pump and the blood pump are operated, 2. The blood purification device according to claim 1, wherein air is introduced through the atmosphere release valve, and the air flows through the blood circuit, forcing the liquid from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path in the blood purification membrane of the blood purification device, thereby removing the liquid from the blood circuit.

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