Method and system for selecting combination of facilities in hydrogen energy full chain

Abstract

To provide a method, a selection system, a storage medium, and an electronic device for selecting a combination of facilities in a prime energy full chain that realizes various types of energy conversion and interaction and improves flexibility of an energy system.SOLUTION: A method includes the steps of: obtaining a basic technical economic index parameter of facilities in a hydrogen energy full chain; classifying the basic technical economic index parameter based on performance differences of different types of the facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain; subjecting each type of the facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain to a contrast analysis according to the classification; comprehensively considering the performance difference index and the operating characteristics of the equipment based on a result of the contrast analysis; establishing constraints on the classifiers corresponding to each facility; determining one of the classifiers as part of the target function; solving the optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates; and obtaining a combination selection rule of the facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-ratio renewable energy system.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy full chains, and more particularly to a method and system for selecting equipment combinations in a hydrogen energy full chain, and more particularly to a method and system for selecting equipment combinations in a hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system. [Background technology]

[0002] The statements in this section merely present background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The large-scale introduction of renewable energy contributes to the development of a low-carbon energy system, but its variability and randomness pose a major challenge to the safe and economical operation of the energy system. Lack of flexibility is currently a major challenge facing high-renewable energy systems, which can lead to insufficient consumption and acceptance capacity of renewable energy and underutilization of wind and solar power generation. The hydrogen energy full chain, which uses hydrogen as the main carrier and includes all processes from its production, compression, storage, transportation, and application, can facilitate the trans-temporal transfer of heterogeneous energy flows, realize the conversion and interaction of various energies, and improve the flexibility of the energy system.

[0004] The hydrogen energy full chain includes various types of hydrogen energy equipment, each of which has multiple technology types. For example, there are three typical types of electrolyzer equipment: alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMEC), and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). Therefore, in a high-renewable energy system, there are multiple options for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain. Equipment of different technology types has different performance advantages, and combining different types of equipment can achieve mutual complementarity, improving the overall performance of a high-renewable energy system and helping to achieve both economy, flexibility, and high efficiency.

[0005] Currently, there is research into the combination selection of multiple types of electrolyzers, but there has been no research that simultaneously considers the combination selection of various types of equipment in the full hydrogen energy chain.In addition, to simplify calculations, the hydrogen energy equipment models considered in most studies ignore flexibility constraints and are unable to fully simulate the performance differences of equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method and system for selecting equipment combinations in a hydrogen energy full chain, making full use of the complementary advantages of hydrogen energy equipment with different technological types to achieve efficient, flexible, and economical energy utilization in a high-renewable energy system.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] Obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; Based on the results of the comparison analysis, comprehensively consider the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment, and establish constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each equipment; Determine one of the classification indicators as part of the objective function, determine the remaining classification indicators as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve for the optimal results under different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; and determining an equipment combination selection plan for the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain.

[0009] As an alternative embodiment, the specific process of classifying the basic techno-economic index parameters includes dividing the basic techno-economic parameters into three indexes: economy, flexibility, and efficiency, where the economy indexes include investment cost, fixed operation and maintenance cost, start-up / shutdown cost, and service life, the flexibility indexes include load operating range, ramp rate, and start-up / shutdown time, and the efficiency indexes include thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the process of comparatively analyzing each facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification includes: To compare the parameter indicators of various electrolytic cells; Contrasting the parameter indicators of various fuel cells; To compare the parameter indicators of hydrogen turbines with different single unit capacities; and comparing parameter indicators of various hydrogen storage facilities.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the results of the comparative analysis are that alkaline electrolyzers are the most economical and have intermediate efficiency and flexibility, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers are the most flexible and have the least efficiency, and solid oxide electrolyzers are the most efficient and have the least economy and flexibility; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells offer the best economy and flexibility, solid oxide fuel cells offer the best efficiency, and phosphoric acid fuel cells and carbonate fuel cells are unfavorable in terms of flexibility, efficiency, and economy. The efficiency of the hydrogen turbines of each single unit capacity is the same, with small units having the highest flexibility and the lowest economy, medium units having intermediate levels of both flexibility and economy, and large units having the highest economy and the lowest flexibility. Salt caverns have the highest economic efficiency, and the difference in other classification indices for hydrogen storage by salt caverns is below threshold or negligible.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the specific process for establishing constraints on classification indices corresponding to each facility is as follows: constructing equipment economics index constraints including the total costs of electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, fuel cells, hydrogen storage equipment and compressors, and taking into account the total installed capacity limits or hydrogen caps of the corresponding equipment in the high renewable energy system in the calculation; Developing equipment flexibility index constraints including limits on power, online capacity, start-up capacity and shutdown capacity of each equipment in the high-renewable energy system, as well as constraints on maximum start-up / shut-down ramp rates and minimum start-up / shut-down times; and establishing equipment efficiency index constraints including constraints on the power, heat generation power, and hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of each piece of equipment.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the objective function includes an equipment economics index and costs of other energy equipment in the high-renewable energy system; The constraints include equipment flexibility index constraints, equipment efficiency index constraints, system balance and reservation constraints, other energy equipment constraints, and renewable energy penetration rate constraints; The renewable energy penetration rate constraint includes a slack variable created for an energy storage facility in the high renewable energy system; The other energy facilities include thermal power generation units, wind power generators, solar power generation devices, energy storage facilities, electric boilers, heat storage tanks, and power transmission lines; Using GUROBI, we solve for the optimal combination of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the rules for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain are as follows: for both the hydrogen storage equipment and the hydrogen turbine, priority is given to selecting those with the optimal cost; for the electrolyzer, if the excess renewable energy power generation of the system is less than a set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer is less than a predetermined value, priority is given to selecting a solid oxide electrolyzer with the optimal efficiency; if the excess renewable energy power generation of the system is more than the set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer is more than the set amount, priority is given to selecting an alkaline electrolyzer with the optimal economy; and for the fuel cell, priority is given to selecting a solid oxide fuel cell with the optimal efficiency or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the optimal flexibility and economy according to energy supply needs.

[0015] an index parameter classification module configured to obtain basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classify the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; an equipment index module configured to compare and analyze the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a classification index constraint module configured to establish constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each piece of equipment by comprehensively considering the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment based on the result of the comparison analysis; a model building and solving module configured to determine one of the classification indicators as part of the objective function and determine the remaining classification indicators as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve for optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; a selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rule in the hydrogen energy full chain; This is a system for selecting combinations of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, complete the steps in the method.

[0017] An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer instructions, when executed by the processor, completing the steps of the method.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1) In this invention, in order to address the performance differences between different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the basic economic and technical parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility, and efficiency. This classification allows for intuitive comparative analysis of the performance differences between hydrogen energy equipment from the three perspectives of economy, flexibility, and efficiency, making it easier to conduct subsequent research on equipment combination selection.

[0020] 2) The present invention proposes an equipment combination selection model based on the performance difference indexes and operating characteristics of equipment. The model can comprehensively simulate the differences between different technology types in terms of economy, flexibility, efficiency, etc., and can realize the selection of equipment technology types and the simulation of combination operation.

[0021] 3) The present invention proposes a method for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system. This method takes into account the constraints of renewable energy penetration rates, effectively obtains optimal equipment combination selection results in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, fully utilizes the complementary advantages of different technology types, and can realize efficient, flexible, and economical energy utilization in a high-renewable energy system.

[0022] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The drawings in the specification that form a part of this invention are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and the illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are intended to interpret the invention and are not intended to unduly limit the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indices of the electrolytic cell of the present embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indexes of the fuel cell of the present embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indexes of the hydrogen turbine of the present embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for the high-renewable energy system of this embodiment. [Figure 5] 1 is a flowchart of the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] In the following the invention will be further explained with reference to the figures and examples.

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is for illustrative purposes only and is intended to further explain the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. For example, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms used herein are intended to include the plural forms, and it should also be understood that the use of the terms "comprises" and / or "includes" herein indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, assemblies, and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] Where not inconsistent, embodiments and features of embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other.

[0029] Example 1 The method for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system is as shown in Figure 5. Obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; Based on the results of the comparison analysis, comprehensively consider the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment, and establish constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each equipment; Determine one of the classification indicators as part of the objective function, determine the remaining classification indicators as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve for the optimal results under different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; and determining an equipment combination selection plan in the hydrogen energy full chain for the target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain.

[0030] Specific solutions will be described below.

[0031] First, to examine the performance differences between different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the basic economic and technological parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility, and efficiency, and typical technological types, such as electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines, and hydrogen storage equipment, are compared and analyzed.

[0032] The equipment related to the hydrogen energy full chain has a variety of basic techno-economic parameters, which reflect the performance advantages of different technology types. In this example, the basic techno-economic parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility, and efficiency. Based on this, a comparative analysis of the indicators of the technology types of typical equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain is carried out, facilitating subsequent equipment combination selection research.

[0033] The basic technical and economic parameters of related equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain mainly include investment costs, fixed operation and maintenance costs, start-up and shutdown costs, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency, load operating range, ramp rate, start-up and shutdown time, and service life.

[0034] The investment cost represents the cost of constructing a new hydrogen energy facility of a unit capacity, the fixed operation and maintenance cost represents the annual fixed operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen energy facility of a unit capacity, the start-up and shutdown cost represents the cost incurred when the hydrogen energy facility of a unit capacity switches between operating and shutdown states, and the useful life represents the number of years that the newly constructed hydrogen energy facility will operate normally, and is used to calculate the annual shared cost. Therefore, these four parameters are classified as economic indicators, of which the investment cost is the main economic indicator.

[0035] The meaning of electrical efficiency varies depending on the equipment. In the case of electrolyzers, electrical efficiency refers to the efficiency of converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy. In the case of fuel cells and hydrogen turbines, electrical efficiency refers to the efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into electrical energy. In the case of compressors, electrical efficiency refers to the electricity consumption rate during the hydrogen compression process. Similarly, in the case of electrolyzers, thermal efficiency refers to the efficiency of utilizing the waste heat generated during the conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy. In the case of fuel cells and hydrogen turbines, thermal efficiency refers to the efficiency of utilizing the waste heat generated during the conversion of hydrogen energy into electrical energy. Hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency refers to the efficiency of storing and releasing hydrogen in hydrogen storage equipment. Electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency are classified as efficiency indicators, of which electrical efficiency is the main efficiency indicator.

[0036] The load operating range represents the upper and lower limits of the load when the hydrogen energy equipment is operating, the ramp rate represents the limit on the load change rate per hour of the hydrogen energy equipment, and the start-up / shutdown time represents the time for which the hydrogen energy equipment is at least maintained in an operating state and a shut-down state. These three parameters are classified as flexibility indicators, of which the ramp rate is the main flexibility indicator.

[0037] Below, we compare the indicators of facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain for the above classifications.

[0038] Electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines, and hydrogen storage equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain all have a variety of technology types, and Table 1 summarizes the basic techno-economic parameters of different technology types for electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines, and hydrogen storage equipment. Based on the index classification, a comparative analysis of typical technology types for hydrogen energy equipment is conducted, intuitively demonstrating the performance advantages of different technologies.

[0039] [Table 1]

[0040] Table 1 shows the unit investment costs of different equipment as follows: electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine and fuel cell are in yuan / kW, and hydrogen storage equipment is in yuan / kg.

[0041] First, a comparison of electrolyzer indicators will be made. Electrolyzers can convert surplus renewable energy power generation into flexible hydrogen, and the residual heat generated in the process can be used to supply heat. Currently, typical electrolyzer technologies are AEC, PEMEC, and SOEC. These three technologies use different electrolytes and have significant performance differences. A comparison of their economic, flexibility, and efficiency indicators is shown in a radar chart in Figure 1, and it can be intuitively seen that AEC has the best economics and is intermediate in efficiency and flexibility, PEMEC has the best flexibility but the lowest efficiency, and SOEC has the best efficiency but the lowest in economics and flexibility.

[0042] Next, a comparison of fuel cell parameter indices is performed.

[0043] Fuel cells can use hydrogen energy to generate heat and power. Currently, typical fuel cell technologies are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Similar to electrolyzers, these four technologies use different electrolytes, resulting in significant performance differences. A comparison of their economical, flexible, and efficient indicators is shown in Figure 2 as a radar chart. It is intuitively clear that PEMFC offers the best economical and flexible performance, SOFC has the highest efficiency, and PAFC and MCFC have less significant flexibility and efficiency, and are less economical.

[0044] Next, we compare the parameter indices of the hydrogen turbine.

[0045] Hydrogen turbines are another type of equipment that can realize combined heat and power generation using hydrogen energy. Similar to gas turbines, they are divided into three types based on the capacity of a single unit: small, medium, and large. Because the basic principles remain the same, the performance differences between these three types of hydrogen turbine units are primarily embodied in their economy and flexibility. A comparison of their economy, flexibility, and efficiency indicators is shown in the radar chart in Figure 3. It can be intuitively seen that the efficiency of the three types of hydrogen turbines is the same, with small units having the highest flexibility but the lowest economy, medium units having intermediate levels of flexibility and economy, and large units having the highest economy but the lowest flexibility.

[0046] Next, we compare the parameter indices of the hydrogen storage equipment.

[0047] Hydrogen storage equipment can store hydrogen produced by electrolyzers when there is a surplus from renewable energy generation and release the hydrogen during energy shortages, enabling combined heat and power generation for hydrogen turbines and fuel cells. Typical hydrogen storage equipment includes salt caverns and hydrogen storage tanks, both of which store gaseous hydrogen. The main differences are that salt cavern-based hydrogen storage requires a small footprint and low cost, but relies on special geological structures such as salt caverns, and hydrogen storage tanks require high container costs and large footprints. Table 1 shows that the two types have similar performance characteristics, with the main difference being economic efficiency, with salt caverns being the most economical. The hydrogen storage equipment and compressor work together to store and release hydrogen, and differences in compressor technology have not yet been taken into account.

[0048] Next, a hydrogen energy equipment model suitable for combination selection is established based on the performance difference indexes and operating characteristics of the equipment. The model can select technology types and simulate the combined operation of various technology types by comprehensively simulating the differences between different technology types in terms of economy, flexibility, efficiency, etc.

[0049] Here, the equipment economic efficiency index constraints include the following equations (1) to (5).

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[0050] However, N r represents the total number of high-share renewable energy systems, and k represents a specific high-share renewable energy system. EC , N HT , N FC and N HS represents the number of technology types for electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage facilities, respectively, and i represents the technology type of a specific facility. C EC , C HT , C FC , C HS and C COP represents the total cost of the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility and compressor, respectively.EC,i , a HT,i , a FC,i , a HS,i and a COP f represents the investment costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively. EC,i , f HT,i , f FC,i , f HS,i and f COP represents the fixed operation and maintenance costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively.

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[0051] The equipment flexibility index constraints include the following equations (6) to (14).

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[0052] where X represents a set of equipment (including electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, and fuel cells);

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[0053] The equipment efficiency index constraints include the following equations (15) to (28).

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[0054] The electrolyzer consumes excess renewable energy generation to produce hydrogen. T represents a time period and t represents a specific time instant.

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[0055] Finally, a method for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system is proposed, taking into account the constraints of renewable energy penetration rate. The GUROBI solver is used to solve simulation results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and by inductively summarizing these results, the equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in a high-renewable energy system are obtained.

[0056] Specifically, the economic performance index of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain is used as part of the objective function, and flexibility and efficiency index constraints are considered along with the renewable energy penetration rate constraint. The GUROBI solver is used to solve for optimal equipment combination selection results in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, and a rule for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain in a high-renewable energy system is obtained. This method enables hydrogen transport between adjacent high-renewable energy systems, and no upper limit is set for hydrogen transport. The overall architecture of the method is shown in Figure 4.

[0057] Objective function C total is the economic indicator of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, as well as the traditional thermal power generation unit cost C TU , wind turbine cost C WT , solar power generation cost C PV , energy storage cost C ES , electric boiler cost C EB , thermal storage tank cost C HST and transportation line cost C L This includes the costs of other energy facilities in a high-renewable energy system, such as:

[0058]

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[0059] However, N TU , N ES represents the number of technology types of traditional thermal power generation units and energy storage facilities, respectively.

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[0060] The constraints are: Renewable energy penetration rate constraints and

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[0061] In this example, a specific high-renewable energy interconnection system is used as an example to analyze the combination selection of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, and the techno-economic parameters of various equipment and the load curve of a high-renewable energy system are obtained. Situations where the renewable energy penetration rate is 60%, 80%, and 100% are set, and GUROBI is used to find the optimal combination selection result of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized.

[0062] For hydrogen storage facilities and hydrogen turbines, due to the significant economic advantages of salt cavern hydrogen storage and large-scale hydrogen power generation units, the selection results for different renewable energy penetration rates all show a single economically optimal type. For electrolyzers and fuel cells, the combination selection results vary depending on the renewable energy penetration rate. For electrolyzer combination selection, when the renewable energy penetration rate is 60% or 80%, the demand for electrolyzer capacity increases, significantly impacting system costs and leaving excess renewable energy capacity. Therefore, AEC is sufficient to meet hydrogen production demand and is more economically viable than PEMEC and SOEC of equivalent capacity, and all selection results are AEC. When the renewable energy penetration rate reaches 100%, the installed capacity of wind power generators reaches its upper limit, so the system tends to adopt the most efficient SOEC to meet the increased demand for hydrogen production through hydrogen production power generation, combined with the most economically optimal AEC, achieving both economic and efficiency. When selecting a fuel cell combination, if the renewable energy penetration rate is 80%, there are restrictions on the renewable energy installed capacity, so high-renewable energy systems tend to adopt SOFCs, which offer the best efficiency, to make up for energy supply shortages and reduce energy losses. To achieve a 100% renewable energy penetration rate, it is necessary to add a large amount of installed capacity for solar power generation equipment, but because there is a large difference between the amount of solar power generation during the day and at night, systems tend to select PEMFCs, which offer the best flexibility and economy, and combine them with SOFCs, which offer the best efficiency, to achieve a balance between flexibility, economy, and efficiency.

[0063] Based on the above results, the rules for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain can be summarized as follows: for hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen turbines, priority is given to selecting the most cost-optimal options; for electrolyzers, priority is given to selecting the most efficient SOEC if the system has little surplus renewable energy generation and low demand for electrolyzer equipment; and for fuel cells, priority is given to selecting the most efficient SOFC or the most flexible and economical PEMFC depending on energy supply needs. Furthermore, by selecting different combinations of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain depending on the actual situation of the energy system, efficient, flexible, and economical energy use can be achieved.

[0064] As described above, this embodiment can effectively obtain the optimal combination selection results for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain at different renewable energy penetration rates, fully utilize the complementary advantages of different technology types, and realize efficient, flexible, and economical energy utilization in a high-renewable energy ratio system.

[0065] Example 2 A system for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, comprising: an index parameter classification module configured to obtain basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classify the basic technical and economic index parameters based on performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; an equipment index module configured to compare and analyze the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a classification index constraint module configured to establish constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each piece of equipment by comprehensively considering the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment based on the result of the comparison analysis; a model building and solving module configured to determine one of the classification indicators as part of the objective function and determine the remaining classification indicators as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve for optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; a selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rule in the hydrogen energy full chain; Equipped with.

[0066] Those skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. The present invention may also take the form of a computer program product that contains computer-usable program code and is executed on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.).

[0067] The present invention has been described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program commands. These computer program commands may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, whereby the commands executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0068] These computer program commands may be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, whereby the commands stored in the computer-readable memory create an article of manufacture that includes command means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows of the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0069] These computer program commands may be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause the computer or other programmable apparatus to perform a series of operational steps to generate a computer-executed process, whereby the commands executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows of the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present invention. As long as they do not deviate from the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without requiring creative efforts shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step of obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters based on the performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the specific process includes dividing the basic technical and economic parameters into three indexes: economic index, flexibility index, and efficiency index, the economic index including investment cost, fixed operation and maintenance cost, start-up and shutdown cost, and service life, the flexibility index including load operating range, ramp rate, and start-up and shutdown time, and the efficiency index including thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, and hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a step of establishing constraints on classification indicators corresponding to each piece of equipment by comprehensively considering the performance difference indicators and operating characteristics of the equipment based on the results of the comparison analysis, wherein the specific process includes: establishing equipment economics indicator constraints including the total costs of the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage equipment, and compressor, and considering the total installed capacity limit or hydrogen upper limit of the corresponding equipment in the high-renewable energy system during the calculation; establishing equipment flexibility indicator constraints including constraints on the power, online capacity, startup capacity, and shutdown capacity of each piece of equipment in the high-renewable energy system, as well as constraints on the maximum startup / shutdown ramp rate and minimum startup / shutdown time; and establishing equipment efficiency indicator constraints including constraints on the power, heat generation power, and hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of each piece of equipment; The equipment economic efficiency index constraints include the following equations (1) to (5): [Number 54] However, N ｒ represents the total number of high-share renewable energy systems, k represents a specific high-share renewable energy system, and N ＥＣ , N ＨＴ , N ＦＣ and N ＨＳ represents the number of technology types of electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell and hydrogen storage equipment, respectively, i represents the technology type of a specific equipment, and C ＥＣ , C ＨＴ , C ＦＣ , C ＨＳ and C ＣＯＰ represent the total costs of the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility and compressor, respectively, and a ＥＣ，ｉ , a ＨＴ，ｉ , a ＦＣ，ｉ , a ＨＳ，ｉ and a ＣＯＰ represents the investment costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage equipment, and associated compressor, respectively, and f ＥＣ，ｉ , f ＨＴ，ｉ , f ＦＣ，ｉ , f ＨＳ，ｉ and f ＣＯＰ represents the fixed operation and maintenance costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively; [Number 55] represents the electrical generation power and shutdown capacity of the hydrogen turbine in the high-renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 56] represent the variable operating cost and start-up / shutdown cost of the i-th type hydrogen turbine, respectively; [Number 57] represents the additional installed capacity of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, and hydrogen storage facility in the high-renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 58] represents the total installed capacity of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, and hydrogen storage facility in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 59] represents the upper limit of hydrogen for the i-th type hydrogen storage facility and its associated compressor in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; The equipment flexibility index constraints include the following equations (6) to (14): [Number 60] where X represents a set of equipment including an electrolyzer, a hydrogen turbine, and a fuel cell; [Number 61] represents the power of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t, [Number 62] respectively represent the online capacity, start-up capacity, and shutdown capacity of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-proportion renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 63] represent the total capacity, additional installed capacity, and existing capacity of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 64] represents the minimum / maximum output ratio of the i-th type of X equipment, respectively; [Number 65] represent the maximum up / down ramp rates of the i-th type of X equipment, respectively; [Number 66] represents the maximum startup / shutdown ramp rate of the i-th type of X equipment, respectively; [Number 67] represents the minimum start-up / shutdown time of the i-th type of X equipment, [Number 68] respectively represent the mass of hydrogen stored / released at time t in the i-th type hydrogen storage facility in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, The equipment efficiency index constraints include the following equations (15) to (28): [Number 69] The electrolyzer consumes excess renewable energy generation to produce hydrogen, T represents a time period, t represents a specific time instant, [Number 70] represent the input power of the i-th type electrolyzer, the electrical power generated by the i-th type hydrogen turbine and fuel cell, and the power consumption of the compressor attached to the i-th type hydrogen storage facility at time t of the high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; and β ｅ２ｈ represents the energy conversion coefficient for converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy, LHV represents the lower heating value of hydrogen energy, [Number 71] represent the mass of hydrogen energy produced by the i-th type electrolyzer and the mass of hydrogen energy consumed by the i-th type hydrogen turbine and fuel cell at time t in the high-proportion renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 72] represent the power of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell, respectively; [Number 73] represent the thermoelectric power of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell, respectively; [Number 74] represents the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell of the i-th type, respectively; [Number 75] represent the capacity factors of wind energy and solar power generation in high-renewable energy system k at time t, respectively; [Number 76] represent the total installed capacity of wind power generators and solar power generation equipment in high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 77] represents the output power of the wind power generator and the solar power generator in the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t, respectively; Q represents the total amount of hydrogen produced by all electrolyzers; [Number 78] represents the storage state of the i-th type hydrogen storage facility in the high-renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 79] represents the hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of the i-th type hydrogen storage facility, [Number 80] represents the compressor's electrical consumption coefficient; A step of determining one of the classification indexes as part of the objective function, determining the remaining classification indexes as constraints, setting different renewable energy penetration rates, solving for the optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtaining a combination selection rule for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; Specifically, the economic indicators of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain are used as part of the objective function, and the flexibility and efficiency indicator constraints are considered along with the renewable energy penetration rate constraint. A solver is used to find the optimal combination selection results for the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, and the equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system are obtained, and the objective function C ｔｏｔａｌ is an economic indicator of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, as well as the traditional thermal power generation unit cost C ＴＵ , wind power generator cost C ＷＴ , solar power generation cost C ＰＶ , energy storage cost C ＥＳ , electric boiler cost C ＥＢ , thermal storage tank cost C ＨＳＴ and transportation line cost C Ｌ This includes the costs of other energy facilities in a high-renewable energy system, such as: [Number 81] However, N ＴＵ , N ＥＳ represents the number of technology types of traditional thermal power generation units and energy storage facilities, respectively; [Number 82] represents the investment costs of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit, wind power generator, solar power generation device, the power type and energy type of the i-th type energy storage facility, the electric boiler, the thermal storage tank, and the transportation line connecting the high-ratio renewable energy system j and k, respectively, and f ＴＵ，ｉ , f ＷＴ , f ＰＶ , f ＥＢ and f ＨＳＴ represents the fixed operation and maintenance costs of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit, wind power generator, solar power generation device, electric boiler and thermal storage tank, respectively; [Number 83] represents the startup and shutdown cost of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit, and C ＥＳ，ｉ and C ＨＳＴ represents the operating costs of the i-th type energy storage facility and the thermal storage tank, respectively; [Number 84] represents the additional installed capacity of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit, wind power generator, solar power generation device, electric boiler and thermal storage tank, respectively; [Number 85] represents the total installed capacity of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit, the power type and energy type of the i-th type energy storage facility, the electric boiler and the thermal storage tank, respectively; [Number 86] represent the output power of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit and the charge / discharge power of the i-th type energy storage facility at time t of the high-ratio renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 87] represents the outage capacity of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit in the high-renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 88] are the thermal storage and thermal dissipation power of the thermal storage tank of the i-th type traditional thermal power generation unit in the high-renewable energy system k at time t, respectively, and Ψ ｋ represents the set of transportation lines connected to high-renewable energy system k, The constraints are: Renewable energy penetration rate constraints and [Number 89] (where Γ represents the renewable energy penetration target for the high-renewable energy interconnection system, and Φ ｋ is a slack variable created for the energy storage facility of the high renewable energy system k, and its function is to offset the impact on the high renewable energy system of the "energy loss" when the charging power and discharging power of the energy storage facility are positive at the same time; [Number 90] represent the electrical load, export electrical load, and electric boiler power consumption of the high-renewable energy system k at time t, respectively. System balance and reservation constraints; [Number 91] (however, [Number 92] represents the transmission power of the transportation line connecting high-renewable energy systems j and k at time t, [Number 93] represent the heat generated power and heat load of the combined heat and power generation unit and the electric boiler, and the waste heat power, respectively, of the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 94] represents the amount of hydrogen transported from high-renewable energy system j to k at time t; [Number 95] represents a set of hydrogen energy pipelines connected to a high-renewable energy system k; [Number 96] represents the hydrogen load of high-renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 97] represents the minimum power ratio of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit; [Number 98] represents the online capacity of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit in the high-share renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 99] represent the reservation contribution demand of the i-th type energy storage facility and the power reservation demand of the system at time t of the high-renewable energy system k, respectively; e ＷＴ and ＰＶ represent the output prediction errors of the wind turbine and solar power generation equipment, respectively). Other equipment constraints and [Number 100] (In addition to the hydrogen energy full chain related equipment, the high-renewable energy system also includes traditional thermal power generation units, wind power generators, solar power generation equipment, energy storage equipment, electric boilers, heat storage tanks and power transmission lines. The related constraints of traditional thermal power generation units are similar to those of hydrogen turbines, and the related constraints of energy storage equipment and heat storage tanks are similar to those of hydrogen storage equipment and compressors. [Number 101] is the heat generation constraint of the combined heat and power unit in a traditional thermal power generation unit, [Number 102] represent the electric power and heat power of the combined heat and power generation unit in the high-renewable energy system k at time t, respectively; [Number 103] represent the electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency of the combined heat and power unit, respectively; [Number 104] represent the existing capacities of wind energy and solar energy in the high-share renewable energy system k, respectively; [Number 105] represent the minimum and maximum power ratios of the electric boiler, respectively; [Number 106] represents the thermal efficiency of the electric boiler, [Number 107] represent the maximum up / down ramp rates of the electric boiler, respectively) Including, the equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain are as follows: for both hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen turbines, prioritize the selection of the most cost-optimal equipment; for electrolyzers, prioritize the selection of a solid oxide electrolyzer with the most efficient equipment when the excess renewable energy power generation of the system is less than a set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer is less than a predetermined value; for electrolyzers, prioritize the selection of an alkaline electrolyzer with the most economical efficiency when the excess renewable energy power generation of the system is more than a set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer is more than the set value; and for fuel cells, prioritize the selection of a solid oxide fuel cell with the most efficient equipment or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the most flexible and economical efficiency according to energy supply needs; determining a hydrogen energy full chain equipment combination selection plan for a target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain; A method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, comprising:

2. The process of comparative analysis of each facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification is as follows: To compare the parameter indicators of various electrolytic cells; Contrasting the parameter indicators of various fuel cells; To compare the parameter indicators of hydrogen turbines with different single unit capacities; To compare the parameter indicators of various hydrogen storage facilities; The method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, comprising:

3. The results of the comparative analysis show that alkaline electrolyzers are the most economical and have intermediate efficiency and flexibility, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers are the most flexible and have the least efficiency, and solid oxide electrolyzers are the most efficient and have the least economy and flexibility. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells offer the best economy and flexibility, solid oxide fuel cells offer the best efficiency, and phosphoric acid fuel cells and carbonate fuel cells are unfavorable in terms of flexibility, efficiency, and economy. The efficiency of the hydrogen turbines of each single unit capacity is the same, with small units having the highest flexibility and the lowest economy, medium units having intermediate levels of both flexibility and economy, and large units having the highest economy and the lowest flexibility. The rock salt caverns have the highest economic efficiency, and the difference in other classification indicators for hydrogen storage in rock salt caverns is below the threshold or negligible; The method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, comprising:

4. The objective function includes an equipment economics index and a cost of other energy equipment in the high-renewable energy system; The constraints include equipment flexibility index constraints, equipment efficiency index constraints, system balance and reservation constraints, other energy equipment constraints, and renewable energy penetration rate constraints; The renewable energy penetration rate constraint includes a slack variable created for an energy storage facility in the high renewable energy system; The other energy facilities include thermal power generation units, wind power generators, solar power generation devices, energy storage facilities, electric boilers, heat storage tanks, and power transmission lines; The method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, characterized in that it solves for the optimal combination selection result of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized.

5. A system for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain employing the method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, an index parameter classification module configured to obtain basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classify the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; an equipment index module configured to compare and analyze the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a classification index constraint module configured to establish constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each piece of equipment by comprehensively considering the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment based on the result of the comparison analysis; a model building and solving module configured to determine one of the classification indicators as part of the objective function and determine the remaining classification indicators as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve for optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; a selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high-renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rule in the hydrogen energy full chain; A system for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, comprising:

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it is used to store computer commands that, when executed by a processor, cause the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 to be completed.

7. 5. An electronic device comprising: a memory; a processor; and computer commands stored in the memory and executed on the processor, the computer commands, when executed by the processor, completing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

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