Liquid crystal panel

Abstract

To further improve practicality in distance measuring technology based on captured images.SOLUTION: A liquid crystal panel for forming an aperture pattern to control incident light includes a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell, which are guest-host types that do not require polarizing plates. The first and second liquid crystal cells are arranged in one direction, and a first flexible substrate is connected to one end portion of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction. The other end portion of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected to one end portion of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction via the second flexible substrate. The first flexible substrate and the first liquid crystal cell include signal lines that transmit signals input to the first and second liquid crystal cells. The second flexible substrate and the second liquid crystal cell include signal lines that transmit signals input to the second liquid crystal cell. The second flexible substrate is curved and is arranged such that the respective cell surfaces of the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell contact each other or face each other in close proximity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 15

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal panel. [Background technology]

[0002] Distance measurement techniques are known that measure the distance from an imaging system to a subject by capturing an image of the subject and analyzing the captured image. Examples of imaging techniques used in such distance measurement techniques include coded imaging and stereo imaging.

[0003] The distance measurement technology using coded imaging is called DFD (Depth From Defocus). DFD is a technology that estimates the distance from the imaging device to the subject (the depth or perspective of the subject) based on the degree of blurring of edges in the image obtained by coded imaging.

[0004] DFD is described, for example, in Non-Patent Document 1. In DFD, coded imaging is performed in which a mask called a coded aperture is placed in the light entrance area of ​​an optical system to capture an image of a subject. Next, the captured image obtained by coded imaging is subjected to a decoding process based on a point spread function (PSF) specific to the imaging system including the mask, and the distance to the subject is estimated. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Coded Aperture Pairs for Depth from Defocus and Defocus Deblurring" C. Zhou, S. Lin and SK Nayar, International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 53, May. 2011. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Distance measurement techniques based on captured images have much room for improvement in terms of practicality. Under these circumstances, there is a demand for further improvements in the practicality of distance measurement techniques based on captured images. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Among the inventions disclosed in this application, the representative inventions will be outlined below.

[0008] A representative embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal panel comprising a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a first flexible substrate, and a second flexible substrate, wherein the first liquid crystal cell contains a first guest-host liquid crystal, and the second liquid crystal cell contains a second guest-host liquid crystal, the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate, the second flexible substrate is curved, and the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell is in contact with each other or is adjacent to each other and facing each other.

[0009] Another representative embodiment of the present invention includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal display cell, a first flexible substrate, a second flexible substrate, and a third flexible substrate, wherein the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal, the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal, the liquid crystal display cell is a liquid crystal cell without a polarizer, one end of the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, and the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected to the second flexible substrate. A liquid crystal panel in which one end of the liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected via the second flexible substrate, the other end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected to one end of the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction via the third flexible substrate, the second flexible substrate and the third flexible substrate are curved, the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell faces each other, and the liquid crystal display cell is arranged so as to be located between the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell.

[0010] Another representative embodiment of the present invention includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal display cell, a first flexible substrate, a second flexible substrate, and a third flexible substrate, wherein the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal, the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal, the liquid crystal display cell is a liquid crystal cell without a polarizer, one end of the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, and the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected to the liquid crystal display cell. A liquid crystal panel in which one end of the display cell in the one direction is connected via the second flexible substrate, the other end of the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction is connected to one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction via the third flexible substrate, the second flexible substrate and the third flexible substrate are curved, the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell faces each other, and the liquid crystal display cell is arranged so as to be located between the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing an example of installation of an imaging system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an imaging system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration using functional blocks of an arithmetic control processing unit. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of an arithmetic control processing unit. [Figure 5] 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according to a first embodiment. [Figure 6] 1 is a front view of a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 7] 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 8]3 is a diagram showing rubbed alignment directions of liquid crystals in a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 9] 3 is a diagram showing rubbed alignment directions of liquid crystals in a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing modes of a guest-host liquid crystal display. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the properties of a normally closed guest-host liquid crystal. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the properties of a normally open guest-host liquid crystal. [Figure 13] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment on an imaging module. [Figure 14] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment on an imaging module. [Figure 15] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment on an imaging module. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to a first modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to a first modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 18] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a wiring configuration in a liquid crystal panel according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. FIG. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment. [Figure 22] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 23] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 24]10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a second embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 25] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a third embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 26] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a third embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 27] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting a liquid crystal panel according to a third embodiment on an imaging module. FIG. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 29] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a second structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 30] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a third structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 31] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a fourth structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 32] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a fifth structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 33] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a sixth structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 34] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a seventh structural example of a segment electrode. [Figure 35] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an eighth structural example of a segment electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] <Background of the study by the inventors> Before describing the embodiments of the present invention, the background to the investigations conducted by the present inventors will be described.

[0013] The present inventors have been studying an imaging device suitable for imaging for subject ranging. The imaging device under study has a liquid crystal panel disposed in front of an optical system such as a lens, and displays a geometric pattern on the liquid crystal panel, which functions as an aperture used for ranging imaging. As described above, ranging imaging includes, for example, coded imaging and stereo imaging. On the other hand, when ranging imaging is not performed in such an imaging device, it is desirable that non-ranging imaging, i.e., general imaging, be possible. In general imaging, for example, a circular aperture pattern centered on the optical axis of the liquid crystal panel is formed on the liquid crystal panel.

[0014] Incidentally, typical liquid crystal panels have polarizing plates. Polarizing plates have high light absorption, which reduces the light transmittance of the liquid crystal panel. As a result, the amount of light received by the imaging element is reduced, making it difficult to obtain a bright, clear image. Liquid crystal panels that use guest-host liquid crystals are also known. Guest-host type liquid crystal panels do not require polarizing plates, so they have high light transmittance. However, the light absorption rate in the light-blocking region of the liquid crystal is low. Therefore, guest-host type liquid crystal panels have low contrast in the displayed geometric pattern, i.e., the aperture pattern, which is undesirable for performing imaging for distance measurement.

[0015] In light of the above, there is a demand for a liquid crystal panel that ensures contrast when forming an aperture pattern that functions as an aperture for distance measurement imaging, while having high light transmittance when forming an aperture pattern that functions as an aperture for non-distance measurement imaging, i.e., general imaging. In other words, there is a demand for a liquid crystal panel that can form an aperture pattern for distance measurement imaging with high contrast and an aperture pattern for non-distance measurement imaging with high light transmittance. There is also a demand for technology that enables such a liquid crystal panel to be easily mounted on an imaging module.

[0016] The present inventors have devised the present invention after extensive research in light of the above circumstances. The following describes an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the embodiment described below is merely an example for carrying out the present invention, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. In the following embodiments, components having the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof will be omitted unless particularly necessary.

[0017] (Embodiment 1) <Installation example of imaging system according to embodiment 1> FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of installation of an imaging system 50 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the imaging system 50 is installed in an automobile 100 serving as a vehicle. The imaging system 50 is configured to capture an image of a subject 90 in front of the automobile 100. As shown in FIG. 1, in this specification, the x direction is a direction parallel to the ground 60, the y direction is a vertical direction, and the z direction is a direction perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction. The z direction is the traveling direction of the forward side of the automobile 100. Note that the imaging system 50 may be configured to capture images of subjects in other directions, such as behind or to the side, in addition to the front.

[0018] <Configuration Example of Imaging System According to First Embodiment> Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an imaging system according to the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 2, the imaging system 50 includes an imaging device 20 and an external device 30. The imaging device 20 and the external device 30 are electrically connected and are capable of communicating with each other. The external device 30 is, for example, a driving assistance device for a vehicle. The driving assistance device has, for example, a collision mitigation braking function, an all-speed adaptive cruise control function, a lane departure prevention function, a sudden acceleration prevention function, and the like.

[0019] The imaging device 20 has an imaging module 6 and an arithmetic control processing unit 10. The imaging module 6 has a liquid crystal panel 1, an optical system 4, and an imaging element 5. The imaging element 5 and the arithmetic control processing unit 10 are electrically connected, and the liquid crystal panel 1 and the arithmetic control processing unit 10 are electrically connected.

[0020] The optical system 4 focuses light incident from the subject 90 onto the light receiving surface 5a of the image sensor 5 to form an image. The optical system 4 includes, for example, a lens 4a. The lens 4a may be a single lens or a compound lens, and may be a fixed focal length lens or a zoom lens.

[0021] The light receiving surface 5a of the image sensor 5 is composed of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged two-dimensionally. The image sensor 5 converts light L received by the light receiving surface 5a after passing through the liquid crystal panel 1 and the optical system 4 into an electrical signal according to its intensity, and outputs image data based on the electrical signal to the arithmetic control processing unit 10. The image sensor 5 may also output the photoelectrically converted electrical signal to the arithmetic control processing unit 10, which may then obtain image data based on the electrical signal. The image sensor 5 is also called an image sensor. The image sensor 5 is, for example, a CMOS image sensor.

[0022] The liquid crystal panel 1 is disposed between the optical system 4 and the subject 90. However, the liquid crystal panel 1 may also be disposed between the optical system 4 and the image sensor 5. The liquid crystal panel 1 does not have a backlight. Under the control of the arithmetic control processing unit 10, the liquid crystal panel 1 controls the incident area of ​​light that enters the optical system 4 from the subject 90 and reaches the image sensor 5.

[0023] The liquid crystal panel 1 has an incident light control area. Here, the incident light control area has a perfect circular shape when viewed in the z direction and is composed of multiple areas. Each of these multiple areas is an area in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal can be changed independently. The liquid crystal panel 1 sets each area in a light-absorbing state or a light-transmitting state by changing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in each area of ​​the incident light control area, thereby forming multiple types of geometric patterns. The light-absorbing state is also called a light-blocking state or a colored state, and the light-transmitting state is also called a light-transmitting state or a transparent state. By forming these geometric patterns, the liquid crystal panel 1 controls the incident area of ​​light L from the subject 90.

[0024] The liquid crystal panel 1 forms a first aperture pattern M1 and a second aperture pattern M2 as geometric patterns. The first aperture pattern M1 functions as an aperture used for imaging for distance measurement. The second aperture pattern M2 functions as an aperture (aperture for general imaging) used for imaging not for distance measurement (general imaging).

[0025] Here, coded imaging is assumed as imaging for distance measurement, and a coded aperture is assumed as the aperture for imaging for distance measurement in this case. The first aperture pattern M1 is usually a pattern representing an aperture having a shape different from a perfect circle centered on the optical axis of the liquid crystal panel 1. The first aperture pattern M1 includes, for example, aperture patterns M11 and M12 as shown in FIG. 2. The second aperture pattern M2 is, for example, a pattern representing an aperture having a perfect circle centered on the optical axis of the liquid crystal panel 1. The optical axis of the liquid crystal panel 1 is an axis that passes through the center or center of gravity of the incident light control area and is perpendicular to the panel surface.

[0026] The arithmetic control processing unit 10 controls the liquid crystal panel 1 and the image sensor 5 to perform coded imaging or general imaging. The arithmetic control processing unit 10 acquires image data P2 of the subject through general imaging. The arithmetic control processing unit 10 also calculates an estimated value of the depth from the imaging device 20 at each position of the subject 90 based on information obtained by decoding the image data P11 and P12 acquired through coded imaging. The arithmetic control processing unit 10 generates and outputs a depth map DM, for example, by associating each pixel of the image represented by the image data P2 with a corresponding depth estimate value.

[0027] <Configuration example of the arithmetic and control processing unit according to the first embodiment> 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the arithmetic control processing unit using functional blocks. As shown in Fig. 3, the arithmetic control processing unit 10 has a control unit 1001, a storage unit 1002, and an arithmetic processing unit 1003. The arithmetic processing unit 1003 includes an image data processing unit 1005 and a depth map generation unit 1006.

[0028] The control unit 1001 transmits a control signal C1 to the liquid crystal panel 1 and also transmits a control signal C3 to the image sensor 5 to perform coded imaging and general imaging of the subject 90. The control unit 1001 causes the storage unit 1002 to read, from the image sensor 5, image data P11 obtained by coded imaging using the aperture pattern M11 as the coded aperture and image data P12 obtained by coded imaging using the aperture pattern M12 as the coded aperture. The control unit 1001 also causes the storage unit 1002 to read, from the image sensor 5, image data P2 obtained by general imaging using the second aperture pattern M2 as the aperture for general imaging. Note that here, the image data P11 and image data P12 obtained adjacently in terms of time are referred to as one frame of captured image data PF.

[0029] The control unit 1001 sends a control signal C1 to the liquid crystal panel 1 and a control signal C3 to the image sensor 5 so that one frame of captured image data PF and image data P2 can be repeatedly read multiple times.

[0030] For example, the control unit 1001 causes the liquid crystal panel 1 to form an aperture pattern M11, exposes the light receiving surface 5a of the image sensor 5 to light L from the subject 90, and reads image data P11. Next, the control unit 1001 causes the liquid crystal panel 1 to form an aperture pattern M12, exposes the light receiving surface 5a of the image sensor 5 to light L from the subject 90, and reads image data P12. The control unit 1001 controls the liquid crystal panel 1 and the image sensor 5 so that this series of operations is performed. The control unit 1001 also controls the liquid crystal panel 1 and the image sensor 5 so that the liquid crystal panel 1 forms a second aperture pattern M2, exposes the light receiving surface 5a of the image sensor 5 to light L from the subject 90, and reads image data P2. The control unit 1001 repeatedly executes these controls.

[0031] The image data processing unit 1005 performs image data processing, including decoding using the point spread function PSF of the imaging system, based on the captured image data PF every time one frame of captured image data PF is read into the storage unit 1002, i.e., every time one frame of encoded imaging is performed. In the first embodiment, the image data processing unit 1005 obtains an estimate of the depth, i.e., the depth dr, at each position of the object 90 corresponding to each pixel of the object image J1 represented by the image data P2 through the decoding process on the captured image data PF. The depth at each position refers to the distance from the imaging system to each position of the object 90.

[0032] The depth map generation unit 1006 generates a depth map DM of the subject 90 based on the subject image J1 and the depth dr at each position of the subject 90. The depth map DM is a map of the depth at each position of the subject 90. The calculation processing unit 1003 sends the generated depth map DM to the external device 30.

[0033] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the arithmetic control processing unit. As shown in Fig. 4, the arithmetic control processing unit 10 has a processor 1101, a memory 1102, a storage 1103, an interface 1104, and a communication bus 1105. The processor 1101, the memory 1102, the storage 1103, and the interface 1104 are connected to the communication bus 1105. The processor 1101 is, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (MPU), or a microcontroller (MCU). The memory 1102 is, for example, a semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, or EEPROM. The storage 1103 is, for example, a storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD). The interface 1104 is a connection part with an external device and performs input and output of data to and from the external device.

[0034] A program PG is stored in the memory 1102 or the storage 1103. The processor 1101 reads out this program PG, loads it into the memory 1102, and executes it, thereby functioning as various functional blocks in cooperation with other devices. In the first embodiment, the processor 1101 functions as each functional block from the control unit 1001 to the depth map generation unit 1006. Note that the storage 1103 may be omitted, and the program PG may be stored in the memory 1102. Also, some or all of the components from the processor 1101 to the interface 1104 may be an integrated circuit formed integrally, i.e., chip-shaped.

[0035] <Basic Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel According to First Embodiment> Fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 1 according to embodiment 1. Fig. 6 is a front view of the liquid crystal panel 1 according to embodiment 1.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 5, the liquid crystal panel 1 according to the first embodiment includes a first liquid crystal cell 11, a second liquid crystal cell 12, a flexible substrate F11, and a flexible substrate F12. The first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are arranged such that one cell surface 11k of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and one cell surface 12k of the second liquid crystal cell 12 are in contact with or face each other and are adjacent to each other. The flexible substrate F11 is connected to the first liquid crystal cell 11. Similarly, the flexible substrate F12 is connected to the second liquid crystal cell 12. The flexible substrate F11 includes signal lines for transmitting electrical signals input to the first liquid crystal cell 11. Similarly, the flexible substrate F12 includes signal lines for transmitting electrical signals input to the second liquid crystal cell 12.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 5, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are arranged such that a first optical axis Z11, which is the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell 11, and a second optical axis Z12, which is the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell 12, are parallel to or overlap each other. The first optical axis Z11 and the second optical axis Z12 typically pass through the center or center of gravity of the incident light control region R of the liquid crystal cell and are perpendicular to the cell surface. The optical axis LZ of the liquid crystal panel 1 is parallel to or overlaps the first optical axis Z11 and the second optical axis Z12. In the first embodiment, the first optical axis Z11 and the second optical axis Z12 overlap each other. The optical axis LZ of the liquid crystal panel 1 overlaps the first optical axis Z11 and the second optical axis Z12 and is parallel to the z direction.

[0038] 5 and 6, the incident light control region R has a cylindrical shape with the optical axis LZ of the liquid crystal panel 1 as its central axis. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, the incident light control region R has a perfect circular shape when viewed along the z direction. In this embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 each have a substantially rectangular shape and have substantially the same configuration. However, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 may also have a polygonal shape, such as an octagonal shape.

[0039] Fig. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell according to embodiment 1. Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing the rubbed alignment directions of liquid crystals in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell according to embodiment 1. Both the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 according to embodiment 1 are of a so-called guest-host type.

[0040] As shown in Figure 7, the first liquid crystal cell 11 has a first array substrate 111, a first counter substrate 112, a first electrode driving circuit 113, a first array substrate side electrode 114, a first array substrate side alignment film 115, a first counter substrate side electrode 116, a first light-shielding member 117, a first counter substrate side alignment film 118, a first spacer 119, a first sealing material 11S, and a first guest-host liquid crystal 110.

[0041] The first array substrate 111 and the first counter substrate 112 each have a uniform thickness. The first array substrate 111 and the first counter substrate 112 are arranged such that one substrate surface of each substrate faces the other.

[0042] The first electrode driving circuit 113 is disposed on the substrate surface of the first array substrate 111. The first array substrate side electrodes 114 are disposed in a region of the first electrode driving circuit 113 that corresponds to the incident light control region R or in a region that includes the region that corresponds to the incident light control region R. The first array substrate side alignment film 115 is disposed so as to cover the first array substrate side electrodes 114 and the first electrode driving circuit 113.

[0043] The first counter substrate side electrode 116 is disposed on the substrate surface of the first counter substrate 112. The first light-shielding member 117 is disposed so as to cover the outside of a region of the first counter substrate 112 and the first counter substrate side electrode 116 that corresponds to the incident light control region R. The first counter substrate side alignment film 118 is disposed so as to cover the first counter substrate side electrode 116 and the first light-shielding member 117.

[0044] A plurality of first spacers 119 are provided between the first array substrate side alignment film 115 and the first counter substrate side alignment film 118, and a first guest-host liquid crystal 110 is disposed therebetween. A first sealant 11S is disposed between the first array substrate side alignment film 115 and the first counter substrate side alignment film 118 so as to seal the first guest-host liquid crystal 110.

[0045] A flexible substrate F11 is disposed on the first array substrate 111. The flexible substrate F11 disposed on the first array substrate 111 is electrically connected to the first array substrate side electrode 114 and the first counter substrate side electrode 116 via wiring. This flexible substrate F11 is electrically connected to the control unit 1001 via wiring. Note that the wiring is not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0046] The first array substrate 111 and the first counter substrate 112 are optically transparent and are, for example, glass substrates. The first array substrate-side electrode 114 and the first counter substrate-side electrode 116 are optically transparent and are so-called transparent electrodes. The first guest-host liquid crystal 110 is composed of dye molecules 11G and liquid crystal molecules 11H. The dye molecules 11G correspond to the guest and are also called dichroic dyes. The liquid crystal molecules 11H correspond to the host and are simply called liquid crystals. The dye molecules 11G have a short axis direction and a long axis direction, and their light absorption varies depending on the axis direction, i.e., the orientation direction. In other words, the dye molecules 11G are anisotropic. The dye molecules 11G are oriented in accordance with the movement of the liquid crystal molecules 11H, creating a light-absorbing state and a light-transmitting state.

[0047] Similar to the first liquid crystal cell 11, the second liquid crystal cell 12 includes a second array substrate 121, a second counter substrate 122, a second electrode driving circuit 123, a second array substrate-side electrode 124, a second array substrate-side alignment film 125, a second counter substrate-side electrode 126, a second light-shielding member 127, a second counter substrate-side alignment film 128, a plurality of second spacers 129, a second sealant 12S, and a second guest-host liquid crystal 120. A flexible substrate F12 is connected to the second liquid crystal cell 12. The second guest-host liquid crystal 120 is composed of dye molecules 12G and liquid crystal molecules 12H. The arrangement and configuration of these elements of the second liquid crystal cell 12 are similar to those of the first liquid crystal cell 11, and therefore will not be described here.

[0048] 9, the first guest-host liquid crystal 110 in the first liquid crystal cell 11 is rubbed in a first alignment direction H11 (first direction) parallel to the cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell 11. The second guest-host liquid crystal 120 in the second liquid crystal cell 12 is rubbed in a second alignment direction H12 (second direction) parallel to the cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell 12 and perpendicular to the first alignment direction H11. Here, rubbing refers to an alignment treatment.

[0049] That is, the first guest-host liquid crystal 110 in the first liquid crystal cell 11 is configured to have two alignment directions: a first alignment direction H11, which is perpendicular to the optical axis direction parallel to the first optical axis Z11 of the first liquid crystal cell 11, and the optical axis direction. The second guest-host liquid crystal 120 in the second liquid crystal cell 12 is configured to have two alignment directions: a second alignment direction H12, which is perpendicular to the optical axis direction parallel to the second optical axis Z12 of the second liquid crystal cell 12, and the optical axis direction. The first alignment direction H11 and the second alignment direction H12 are perpendicular to each other. In this example, the first alignment direction H11 is the x direction, and the second alignment direction H12 is the y direction.

[0050] <Guest Host LCD Mode> FIG. 10 is a diagram showing modes of a guest-host liquid crystal. As shown in FIG. 10, guest-host liquid crystal modes include a normally closed mode and a normally open mode. In the normally closed mode, the driving mode is an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, which is absorptive (colored) when the voltage (electric field) is off and transparent when the voltage is on, the liquid crystal is a positive liquid crystal, the alignment direction is horizontal to the liquid crystal cell surface, and the response time is several tens of milliseconds. On the other hand, in the normally open mode, the driving mode is a VA (Vertical Aligned) mode, which is transparent when the voltage is off and absorptive (colored) when the voltage is on, the liquid crystal is a negative liquid crystal, the alignment direction is perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell surface, and the response time is several tens of milliseconds.

[0051] Figure 11 illustrates the properties of a normally-closed guest-host liquid crystal. This normally-closed guest-host liquid crystal is driven in ECB mode. As shown in Figure 11, the normally-closed guest-host liquid crystal contains positive liquid crystal 41H as the host and dye molecules 41G as the guest. Here, the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell surface is designated as direction Z3. A horizontal alignment film is used to align the liquid crystal parallel to the liquid crystal cell surface. When the guest-host liquid crystal is viewed from viewpoint 40E along direction Z3, the long-axis side NC1 of the dye molecules 41G is visible when the voltage is off, and the guest-host liquid crystal appears colored. On the other hand, when the voltage is on, i.e., when an electric field EV is generated along direction Z3, the short-axis side NC2 of the dye molecules 41G is visible, and the guest-host liquid crystal appears transparent.

[0052] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the properties of a normally open guest-host liquid crystal. A normally open guest-host liquid crystal is driven in VA mode. As shown in FIG. 12, a normally open guest-host liquid crystal contains negative liquid crystal 42H as a host and dye molecules 42G as a guest. Here, the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell surface is defined as direction Z3. A vertical alignment film that aligns the liquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell surface is used as the alignment film.

[0053] When the guest-host liquid crystal is viewed from viewpoint 40E along direction Z3, the side NO1 of the dye molecule 42G in the minor axis direction is visible when the voltage is off, and the guest-host liquid crystal appears transparent. On the other hand, when the voltage is on, i.e., when an electric field EV is generated along direction Z3, the side NO2 of the dye molecule 42G in the major axis direction is visible, and the guest-host liquid crystal appears colored. The dye molecule 42G is typically colored black, but it can also be colored in a color other than black.

[0054] In the first embodiment, the guest-host liquid crystals in the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are in the same mode. Furthermore, the normally closed mode, i.e., ECB mode, is adopted as the mode. Specifically, the first guest-host liquid crystal 110 is oriented in a first alignment direction H11 when no electric field is applied, and is oriented in the z direction when an electric field is applied in the z direction. The second guest-host liquid crystal 120 is oriented in a second alignment direction H12 when no electric field is applied, and is oriented in the z direction when an electric field is applied in the z direction.

[0055] In the first embodiment, as described above, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 constituting the liquid crystal panel 1 have the same configuration, but the orientation directions of the guest-host liquid crystal in the space where no electric field is generated are orthogonal to each other. That is, the liquid crystal panel 1 according to the first embodiment is constructed by stacking two guest-host liquid crystal cells whose rubbed orientation directions of the liquid crystal are different by 90° from each other so that their polarization axes are orthogonal to each other.

[0056] <Operation of the control unit on the liquid crystal cell> When the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 have a simple matrix electrode structure, the control unit 1001 controls the voltage applied to each electrode to control the electric field in each pixel region, thereby forming any geometric pattern in the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12. When the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 have an active matrix electrode structure, the control unit 1001 controls the signals input to each scan line and each data line to control the electric field in each pixel region, thereby forming any geometric pattern in the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12. By such control by the control unit 1001, any aperture pattern can be formed in the liquid crystal panel 1.

[0057] As mentioned above, the liquid crystal panel 1 has a structure in which two rubbed liquid crystal cells are stacked together so that the orientation directions of the guest-host liquid crystals are perpendicular to each other, i.e., at an angle of 90° from each other. A liquid crystal cell using a guest-host liquid crystal does not require a polarizing plate. Furthermore, the guest-host liquid crystal contains dye molecules, and when the guest-host liquid crystals are aligned in the rubbed orientation direction, they function similarly to a polarizing plate. Therefore, when the guest-host liquid crystals in the two liquid crystal cells are in a colored state, the light transmittance is significantly reduced, but when the guest-host liquid crystals in the two liquid crystal cells are in a transparent state, the light transmittance is improved.

[0058] Therefore, according to embodiment 1, in an imaging liquid crystal panel 1 that controls the light incidence area, it is possible to improve the light transmittance of the aperture for non-ranging imaging, i.e., general imaging, while ensuring the contrast of the aperture for ranging imaging.

[0059] In the first embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell 11 forms a first opening pattern M1 based on an input first signal, and the second liquid crystal cell 12 forms an opening pattern corresponding to the first opening pattern M1 based on an input second signal. That is, the first liquid crystal cell 11 forms an opening pattern M11 as the first opening pattern based on the input first signal, and the second liquid crystal cell 12 forms an opening pattern corresponding to the opening pattern M11 as the first opening pattern based on the input second signal. Furthermore, the first liquid crystal cell 11 forms an opening pattern M12 as the first opening pattern based on the input first signal, and the second liquid crystal cell 12 forms an opening pattern corresponding to the opening pattern M12 as the first opening pattern based on the input second signal.

[0060] When coded imaging is performed as imaging for distance measurement, the first aperture pattern M1 formed on the liquid crystal panel 1, i.e., aperture patterns M11 and M12, function as two types of coded apertures used in coded imaging. The two types of coded apertures used in coded imaging are apertures that have different geometric patterns relative to the image sensor 5. The image data processing unit 1005 performs image processing on the captured image data PF using a decoding process to obtain a blur-free object image J1 representing the object 90 and depths dr at each position of the object 90 corresponding to each pixel of the object image J1.

[0061] Furthermore, when stereo imaging is performed as imaging for distance measurement, the first aperture pattern M1 formed on the liquid crystal panel 1, i.e., aperture patterns M11 and M12, function as two types of apertures used in stereo imaging. The two types of apertures used in stereo imaging have apertures with different positions relative to the image sensor 5. The image data processing unit 1005 performs image processing on the captured image data PF using triangulation to obtain a blur-free object image J1 representing the object 90 and depths dr at each position of the object 90 corresponding to each pixel of the object image J1.

[0062] <Example of connection of liquid crystal cells, etc. in the liquid crystal panel according to the first embodiment> 13, 14, and 15 are diagrams showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting the liquid crystal panel according to embodiment 1 in an imaging module. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1 before mounting when viewed in the z direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1 in an unfolded state. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a wiring configuration in the liquid crystal panel 1. Fig. 15 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1 after mounting when viewed in the y direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1 in a folded state.

[0063] 13, a first flexible substrate 13 is connected to one end 11a in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 11. The other end 11b in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and one end 12a in the x direction of the second liquid crystal cell 12 are connected via a second flexible substrate 14.

[0064] 13, the first array substrate 111 is longer in both the direction toward one end 111a and the direction toward the other end 111b in the x direction than the first counter substrate 112. Similarly, the second array substrate 121 is longer in both the direction toward one end 121a and the direction toward the other end 121b in the x direction than the second counter substrate 122.

[0065] 13 , one end 13b of the first flexible substrate 13 is connected to one end 111a in the x direction of the first array substrate 111. One end 14a in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 14 is connected to the other end 111b in the x direction of the first array substrate 111. Furthermore, the other end 14b in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 14 is connected to one end 121a in the x direction of the second array substrate 121. The other end 13a in the x direction of the first flexible substrate 13 is connected to the arithmetic control processing unit 10.

[0066] <Example of Wiring Configuration in Liquid Crystal Panel According to First Embodiment> As shown in FIG. 14, the first flexible substrate 13 and the first liquid crystal cell 11 include a common line VCOM, a signal line SIG1, and a signal line SIG2. The second flexible substrate 14 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 include a common line VCOM and a signal line SIG2. Here, the common line VCOM is a signal line that transmits a common signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12. The signal line SIG1 is a signal line (first signal line) that transmits a signal (first signal) input to the first liquid crystal cell 11. The signal line SIG2 is a signal line (second signal line) that transmits a signal (second signal) input to the second liquid crystal cell 12. Note that, although it is assumed here that the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 12 are different from each other, they may be the same as each other, as described below.

[0067] That is, the common line VCOM is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 13, the first liquid crystal cell 11, the second flexible substrate 14, and the second liquid crystal cell 12. The signal line SIG2 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 13, the first liquid crystal cell 11, the second flexible substrate 14, and the second liquid crystal cell 12. In addition, the signal line SIG1 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 13 and the first liquid crystal cell 11.

[0068] The common line VCOM and the signal line SIG1 are connected to the transparent electrodes that constitute the first liquid crystal cell 11. The common line VCOM and the signal line SIG2 are connected to the transparent electrodes that constitute the second liquid crystal cell 12.

[0069] The common line VCOM is connected, for example, to the transparent electrode on the first counter substrate 112 side of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the transparent electrode on the second counter substrate 122 side of the second liquid crystal cell 12. The signal passing through the common line VCOM is a reference signal for the signals passing through the signal lines SIG1 and SIG2, and is maintained at a constant potential, for example. That is, the reference signal is input to the transparent electrode on the first counter substrate 112 side and the transparent electrode on the second counter substrate 122 side via the common line VCOM.

[0070] The signal line SIG1 is connected to, for example, a transparent electrode on the first array substrate 111 side of the first liquid crystal cell 11. The transparent electrode on the first array substrate 111 side is composed of, for example, a plurality of electrodes arranged in a segmented or matrix configuration. The signal passing through the signal line SIG1 is a collection of on / off signals for these plurality of electrodes. That is, an on / off signal for each electrode is input to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes on the first array substrate 111 side via the signal line SIG1. By controlling these on / off signals, a desired or arbitrary geometric pattern can be formed in the first liquid crystal cell 11.

[0071] The signal line SIG2 is connected to, for example, a transparent electrode on the second array substrate 121 side of the second liquid crystal cell 12. The transparent electrode on the second array substrate 121 side basically has the same configuration as the transparent electrode on the first array substrate 111 side, and is composed of, for example, a plurality of electrodes arranged in a segmented or matrix format. The signal passing through the signal line SIG2 is a collection of on / off signals for these plurality of electrodes. That is, an on / off signal for each electrode is input to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes on the second array substrate 121 side via the signal line SIG2. By controlling these on / off signals, a desired or arbitrary geometric pattern is formed in the second liquid crystal cell 12.

[0072] The common line VCOM, the signal line SIG1, and the signal line SIG2 are arranged along the outer edges of the array substrate and the counter substrate so as to bypass the transparent electrode region. When the liquid crystal panel 1 is mounted on the imaging module 6, each signal is controlled so that the geometric pattern formed on the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the geometric pattern formed on the second liquid crystal cell 12 are the same.

[0073] <Mounting Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel According to First Embodiment> When the liquid crystal panel 1 is mounted on the imaging module 6, the second flexible substrate 14 is curved and deformed to assume a folded shape as shown in Fig. 15. The first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are arranged such that one cell surface 11s of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and one cell surface 12s of the second liquid crystal cell 12 are in contact with or face each other.

[0074] The first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are arranged such that a first optical axis Z11, which is the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell 11, and a second optical axis Z12, which is the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell 12, are parallel to or overlap each other. That is, the first optical axis Z11 and the second optical axis Z12 are parallel to or overlap each other with the optical axis LZ of the liquid crystal panel 1.

[0075] Between the cell surface 11s of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the cell surface 12s of the second liquid crystal cell 12, there may be an adhesive layer having optical transparency.

[0076] <Advantages of First Embodiment> In the first embodiment, as described above, the first flexible substrate 13, the first liquid crystal cell 11, the second flexible substrate 14, and the second liquid crystal cell 12 are connected to be aligned in one direction. The common line VCOM, the signal line SIG1, and the signal line SIG2, which transmit signals input to the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12, are included in these flexible substrates or liquid crystal cells.

[0077] Therefore, according to the liquid crystal panel 1 of the first embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 can be positioned at their respective appropriate positions simply by bending and folding the second flexible substrate 14. Furthermore, since the wiring for supplying signals to each liquid crystal cell is arranged to pass through the flexible substrate and the liquid crystal cell, complicated routing of the signal lines can be avoided. As a result, according to the first embodiment, the liquid crystal panel 1 can be easily mounted on the imaging module 6. In other words, according to the first embodiment, the practicality of distance measurement technology based on captured images can be further improved.

[0078] <First Modification of First Embodiment> 16 and 17 are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal panel according to Variation 1 of Embodiment 1. Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1A before mounting when viewed in the z direction, and shows the liquid crystal panel 1A in an unfolded state. Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 1A after mounting when viewed in the y direction, and shows the liquid crystal panel 1A in a folded state.

[0079] The liquid crystal panel 1A according to Modification 1 basically has substantially the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 1 according to Embodiment 1, but differs in the shape of the second array substrate 121A constituting the second liquid crystal cell 12A. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the length of the second array substrate 121A in the x direction is shorter than that of the second array substrate 121. More specifically, the edge position of the other end 121Ab in the x direction (one direction) of the second array substrate 121A and the edge position of the end 122b of the second counter substrate 122 on the same side in the x direction as the other end 121Ab of the second array substrate 121 are in the same position in the x direction. In other words, the edge position of the end 121Ab in the x direction of the second array substrate 121A and the edge position of the end 122b in the x direction of the second counter substrate 122 are aligned in the x direction.

[0080] Generally, no flexible substrate is connected to the other end 121b of the second array substrate 121. Therefore, the other end 121b of the second array substrate 121 does not need to protrude outward in the x direction beyond the end 122b of the second counter substrate 122. Therefore, the outward protruding portion of the other end 121b of the second array substrate 121 may be omitted, and the shape of the second array substrate may be the same as that of the second array substrate 121A according to the first modification.

[0081] According to the first modification of the first embodiment, the liquid crystal panel 1 can be made smaller in size and have reduced material costs.

[0082] <Second Modification of First Embodiment> 18 is a diagram showing an example of a wiring configuration in a liquid crystal panel 1B according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. When the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 12 may be the same as the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 11, the signal line SIG1 may be shared by the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12, as shown in FIG. 18. That is, the common line VCOM and the signal line SIG1 may be included in the first flexible substrate 13, the first liquid crystal cell 11, the second flexible substrate 14, and the second liquid crystal cell 12.

[0083] According to the second modification of the first embodiment, when the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 12 are the same signal, the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 can share the signal line, thereby reducing the number of wires, which simplifies the wiring design and reduces the design cost.

[0084] <Third Modification of First Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the first flexible substrate 13 is connected to the first array substrate 111, but may be connected to the first counter substrate 112. Furthermore, one end 14a of the second flexible substrate 14 is connected to the first array substrate 111, but may be connected to the first counter substrate 112. Furthermore, the other end 14b of the second flexible substrate 14 is connected to the second array substrate 121, but may be connected to the second counter substrate 122.

[0085] (Embodiment 2) <Basic Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel According to Second Embodiment> 19, 20, and 21 are diagrams showing the basic configuration of a liquid crystal panel 2 according to embodiment 2. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing multiple components that make up the liquid crystal panel 2 and the positional relationship between these multiple components. FIG. 20 is a side view for explaining in detail the structure of the multiple components that make up the liquid crystal panel 2. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the multiple components that make up the liquid crystal panel 2 when viewed in the z direction.

[0086] 19, the liquid crystal panel 2 includes a first liquid crystal cell 21, a second liquid crystal cell 22, a liquid crystal display cell 23, and multiple flexible substrates F21, F22, and F23. The first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are both guest-host type. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is a non-guest-host type and is passively driven.

[0087] The first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are arranged such that one cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and one cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22 face each other. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is arranged between the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is also arranged such that one cell surface 23s of the liquid crystal display cell 23 and one cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 face each other, and the other cell surface 23p of the liquid crystal display cell 23 and one cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22 face each other.

[0088] Here, the first optical axis Z21, which is the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell 21, is an axis that passes through the center, center of gravity, or a point near the center of the incident light control region (not shown) of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and is perpendicular to the cell surface. The second optical axis Z22, which is the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell 22, is an axis that passes through the center or center of gravity of the incident light control region (not shown) of the second liquid crystal cell 22 and is perpendicular to the cell surface. The third optical axis Z23, which is the optical axis of the liquid crystal display cell 23, is an axis that passes through the center, center of gravity, or a point near the center of the incident light control region R of the liquid crystal display cell 23 and is perpendicular to the cell surface.

[0089] The first liquid crystal cell 21 and the liquid crystal display cell 23 are arranged so that the first optical axis Z21 and the third optical axis Z23 are parallel to or overlap each other. The second liquid crystal cell 22 and the liquid crystal display cell 23 are arranged so that the second optical axis Z22 and the third optical axis Z23 are parallel to or overlap each other. That is, the first optical axis Z21, the second optical axis Z22, and the third optical axis Z23 are each parallel to or overlap each other with the optical axis LZ of the liquid crystal panel 2.

[0090] As shown in Figure 20, the first liquid crystal cell 21 has a first array substrate 211, a first counter substrate 212, a first array substrate side electrode 214, a first array substrate side alignment film 215, a first counter substrate side electrode 216, a first counter substrate side alignment film 218, a first sealing material 21S, and a first guest-host liquid crystal 210.

[0091] The first array substrate 211 and the first counter substrate 212 are arranged so that one of the substrate surfaces faces each other.

[0092] The first array substrate side electrode 214 is disposed in a region corresponding to or including the incident light control region of the first liquid crystal cell 21. The first array substrate side alignment film 215 is disposed so as to cover the first array substrate side electrode 214.

[0093] The first counter substrate side electrode 216 is disposed on the first counter substrate 112. The first counter substrate side alignment film 218 is disposed so as to cover the first counter substrate side electrode 216.

[0094] A first guest-host liquid crystal 210 is disposed between the first array substrate side alignment film 215 and the first counter substrate side alignment film 218. A first sealant 21S is disposed between the first array substrate side alignment film 215 and the first counter substrate side alignment film 218 so as to seal the first guest-host liquid crystal 210. Note that a plurality of spacers may be provided between the first array substrate side alignment film 215 and the first counter substrate side alignment film 218.

[0095] A flexible substrate F21 is disposed on the first array substrate 211. The flexible substrate F21 disposed on the first array substrate 211 is electrically connected to the first array substrate side electrode 214 and the first counter substrate side electrode 216 via wiring. This flexible substrate F21 is electrically connected to the control unit 1001 via wiring. Note that the wiring is not shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.

[0096] The first array substrate 211 and the first counter substrate 212 are optically transparent and are, for example, glass substrates. The first array substrate side electrode 214 and the first counter substrate side electrode 216 are optically transparent and are so-called transparent electrodes. The first guest-host liquid crystal 210 is composed of dye molecules 21G and liquid crystal molecules 21H. The dye molecules 21G have a short axis direction and a long axis direction, and the degree of light absorption varies depending on the axis direction, i.e., the orientation direction. The dye molecules 21G are oriented in accordance with the movement of the liquid crystal molecules 21H.

[0097] Similar to the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22 includes a second array substrate 221, a second counter substrate 222, a second array substrate-side electrode 224, a second array substrate-side alignment film 225, a second counter substrate-side electrode 226, a second counter substrate-side alignment film 228, a second sealant 22S, and a second guest-host liquid crystal 220. A flexible substrate F22 is connected to the second liquid crystal cell 22. The second guest-host liquid crystal 220 is composed of dye molecules 22G and liquid crystal molecules 22H. The arrangement and configuration of these elements of the second liquid crystal cell 22 are similar to those of the first liquid crystal cell 21, and therefore will not be described here.

[0098] As shown in Figures 19, 20, and 21, the first guest-host liquid crystal 210 in the first liquid crystal cell 21 is configured to have two alignment directions: a first alignment direction H21, which is perpendicular to the optical axis direction parallel to the first optical axis Z21 of the first liquid crystal cell 21, and the optical axis direction. The second guest-host liquid crystal 220 in the second liquid crystal cell 22 is configured to have two alignment directions: a second alignment direction H22, which is perpendicular to the optical axis direction parallel to the second optical axis Z22 of the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the optical axis direction. That is, the rubbed alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal 210 is the first alignment direction H21. The rubbed alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal 220 is the second alignment direction H22. The first alignment direction H21 and the second alignment direction H22 are perpendicular to each other.

[0099] When the first guest-host liquid crystal 210 is aligned in the first alignment direction H21, the first liquid crystal cell 21 functions as a polarizer that transmits light having a polarization component perpendicular to the first alignment direction H21. Similarly, when the second guest-host liquid crystal 220 is aligned in the second alignment direction H22, the second liquid crystal cell 22 functions as a polarizer that transmits light having a polarization component perpendicular to the second alignment direction H22.

[0100] The liquid crystal display cell 23 has a third array substrate 231, a third counter substrate 232, a third electrode drive circuit 233, a third array substrate side electrode 234, a third array substrate side alignment film 235, a third counter substrate side electrode 236, a third light-shielding member 237, a third counter substrate side alignment film 238, a third spacer 239, a third sealant 23S, and a third liquid crystal 230. A flexible substrate F23 is connected to the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0101] In this embodiment, one of the third array substrate-side electrode 234 and the third counter substrate-side electrode 236 is a single transparent electrode having a flat plate shape, and the other is a plurality of segment electrodes or a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix. In the liquid crystal display cell 23, by controlling the signals input to these plurality of electrodes, on or off regions corresponding to any or desired geometric pattern are formed.

[0102] The on region is a region in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is twisted between the electrodes, and light that passes through the first liquid crystal cell 21, which functions as a polarizer, also passes through the second liquid crystal cell 22, which also functions as a polarizer. The on region, combined with the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22, forms a light-transmitting region. The off region is a region in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the gap direction between the electrodes, and light that passes through the first liquid crystal cell 21, which functions as a polarizer, does not pass through the second liquid crystal cell 22, which also functions as a polarizer. The off region, combined with the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22, forms a light-blocking region.

[0103] The above-mentioned geometric patterns correspond to coded apertures, stereo imaging apertures, general imaging apertures (apertures), etc. Therefore, the liquid crystal panel 2 functions as a coded aperture, stereo imaging aperture, general imaging aperture, etc. under the control of the arithmetic control processor 10. It is known that when the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 function as polarizers, the light blocking rate in the light blocking region is much lower than when an actual polarizer is used. Therefore, the liquid crystal panel 2 can form the above-mentioned geometric patterns with high contrast.

[0104] <Example of connection of liquid crystal cells, etc. in a liquid crystal panel according to the second embodiment> 22, 23, and 24 are diagrams showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting the liquid crystal panel 2 according to embodiment 2 in an imaging module. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 2 before mounting when viewed in the z direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 2 in an unfolded state. Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a wiring configuration in the liquid crystal panel 2. Fig. 24 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 2 after mounting when viewed in the y direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 2 in a folded state.

[0105] 22 , a first flexible substrate 24 is connected to one end 21a in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 21. The other end 21b in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and one end 22a in the x direction of the second liquid crystal cell 22 are connected via a second flexible substrate 25. In addition, the other end 22b in the x direction of the second liquid crystal cell 22 and one end 23a in the x direction of the liquid crystal display cell 23 are connected via a third flexible substrate 26.

[0106] 22, the first array substrate 211 is longer in both the direction toward one end 211a and the direction toward the other end 211b in the x direction relative to the first counter substrate 212. Similarly, the second array substrate 221 is longer in both the direction toward one end 221a and the direction toward the other end 221b in the x direction relative to the second counter substrate 222. Furthermore, the third array substrate 231 is longer in both the direction toward one end 231a and the direction toward the other end 231b in the x direction relative to the third counter substrate 232.

[0107] 22, one end 24b in the x direction of the first flexible substrate 24 is connected to one end 211a in the x direction of the first array substrate 211. One end 25a in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 25 is connected to the other end 211b in the x direction of the first array substrate 211. One end 211a in the x direction of the second array substrate 221 is connected to the other end 25b in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 25. One end 26a in the x direction of the third flexible substrate 26 is connected to the other end 221b in the x direction of the second array substrate 221. One end 231a in the x direction of the third array substrate 231 is connected to the other end 26b in the x direction of the third flexible substrate 26.

[0108] <Example of Wiring Configuration in Liquid Crystal Panel According to Second Embodiment> 23, the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, and the second liquid crystal cell 22 include a common line VCOM and signal lines SIG3 and SIG4. The third flexible substrate 26 and the liquid crystal display cell 23 include a common line VCOM and signal line SIG4. Here, the common line VCOM is a signal line that transmits a signal common to the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23. The signal line SIG3 is a signal line that transmits the same signal that is input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22. The signal line SIG4 is a signal line (third signal line) that transmits a signal (third signal) that is input to the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0109] That is, the common line VCOM is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, the second liquid crystal cell 22, the third flexible substrate 26, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 in that order. The signal line SIG3 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, and the second liquid crystal cell 22 in that order. The signal line SIG4 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, the second liquid crystal cell 22, the third flexible substrate 26, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 in that order.

[0110] The common line VCOM is connected to, for example, a transparent electrode on the first counter substrate 212 side of the first liquid crystal cell 21, a transparent electrode on the second counter substrate 222 side of the second liquid crystal cell 22, and a transparent electrode on the third counter substrate 232 side of the liquid crystal display cell 23. A signal passing through the common line VCOM is a reference signal for signals passing through the signal lines SIG3 and SIG4, and is maintained at, for example, a constant potential. That is, a reference signal is input via the common line VCOM to the transparent electrode on the first counter substrate 212 side, the transparent electrode on the second counter substrate 222 side, and the transparent electrode on the third counter substrate 232 side.

[0111] The signal line SIG3 is connected, for example, to a transparent electrode on the first array substrate 211 side of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and a transparent electrode on the second array substrate 221 side of the second liquid crystal cell 22. The transparent electrode on the first array substrate 211 side and the transparent electrode on the second array substrate 221 side are each formed, for example, by a single electrode having a flat plate shape. The signal passing through the signal line SIG3 is an on / off signal for these electrodes. That is, an on / off signal is input via the signal line SIG3 to the transparent electrode on the first array substrate 211 side and the transparent electrode on the second array substrate 221 side. By controlling this on / off signal, a geometric pattern functioning as a polarizer and a geometric pattern functioning as an optical aperture or diaphragm are formed in the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22.

[0112] The signal line SIG4 is connected to, for example, a transparent electrode on the third counter substrate 232 side of the liquid crystal display cell 23. The transparent electrode on the third counter substrate 232 side is composed of, for example, a plurality of electrodes arranged in a segmented or matrix format. The signal passing through the signal line SIG4 is a collection of on / off signals for these plurality of electrodes. That is, an on / off signal for each electrode is input via the signal line SIG4 to each of the plurality of transparent electrodes on the third array substrate 231 side. By controlling these on / off signals, a desired or arbitrary geometric pattern can be formed in the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0113] The common line VCOM, signal line SIG3, and signal line SIG4 are arranged along the outer edges of the array substrate and the counter substrate so as to bypass the transparent electrode region. When the liquid crystal panel 2 is mounted on the imaging module 6, each signal is controlled so that the function (deflection plate / aperture) of the geometric pattern formed in the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the function of the geometric pattern formed in the second liquid crystal cell 22 are the same.

[0114] <Mounting of the liquid crystal panel according to the second embodiment> 24 , when the liquid crystal panel 2 is mounted in the imaging system module 6, the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are arranged by bending the second flexible substrate 25 so that one cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 faces one cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is arranged by bending the third flexible substrate 26 so that it is located between the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22. The first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 are arranged so that one cell surface 23s of the liquid crystal display cell 23 faces or contacts one cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21, and the other cell surface 23p of the liquid crystal display cell 23 faces or contacts one cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22.

[0115] The first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are arranged such that a first optical axis Z21, which is the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell 21, and a second optical axis Z22, which is the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell 22, are parallel to or overlap each other. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is arranged such that a third optical axis Z23, which is the optical axis of the liquid crystal display cell 23, is parallel to or overlaps with the first optical axis Z21, and the third optical axis Z23 is parallel to or overlaps with the second optical axis Z22.

[0116] An adhesive layer may be provided between the cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the cell surface 23s of the liquid crystal display cell 23. Similarly, an adhesive layer may be provided between the cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22 and the cell surface 23p of the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0117] <Advantages of the Second Embodiment> In the second embodiment, as described above, the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, the second liquid crystal cell 22, the third flexible substrate 26, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 are connected to be aligned in one direction. The common line VCOM, the signal line SIG3, and the signal line SIG4, which transmit signals input to the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23, are included in these flexible substrates, liquid crystal cells, or liquid crystal display cells.

[0118] Therefore, according to the liquid crystal panel 2 of the second embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 can be positioned in their respective appropriate positions simply by bending, folding, or rolling the second flexible substrate 25 and the third flexible substrate 26. Furthermore, the wiring for supplying signals to each liquid crystal cell and liquid crystal display cell is arranged to pass through the flexible substrate, the liquid crystal cell, or the liquid crystal display cell, thereby avoiding complex routing of the signal lines. As a result, according to the second embodiment, the liquid crystal panel 2 can be easily mounted on the imaging module 6. In other words, according to the second embodiment, the practicality of distance measurement technology based on captured images can be further improved.

[0119] <First Modification of Second Embodiment> In embodiment 2, as in variant example 1 of embodiment 1, the edge position of the other end 231b of the end of the third array substrate 231 constituting the liquid crystal display cell 23 on the side to which the flexible substrate is not connected may be aligned in the z direction with the edge position of the end on the same side of the third opposing substrate 232.

[0120] According to the first modification of the second embodiment, it is possible to achieve space saving and material cost reduction in the liquid crystal panel 2. Furthermore, according to the first modification of the second embodiment, there is no protruding portion at the other end 231b of the third array substrate 231, and therefore it is possible to reduce the risk of the second flexible substrate 25 being damaged due to contact between the other end 231b and the second flexible substrate 25.

[0121] <Modification 2 of Embodiment 2> In embodiment 2, the signal line for transmitting the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the signal line for transmitting the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell are arranged as a common line, but they may also be arranged separately.

[0122] According to the second modification of the second embodiment, it is possible to cope with a case where the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 is different from the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 22. For example, it is possible to cope with a case where one of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 is a normally closed type, and the other of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 is a normally open type.

[0123] <Third Modification of Second Embodiment> In the second embodiment, the first flexible substrate 24 is connected to the first array substrate 211, but may also be connected to the first counter substrate 212. Furthermore, one end 25a of the second flexible substrate 25 is connected to the first array substrate 211, but may also be connected to the first counter substrate 212. Furthermore, the other end 25b of the second flexible substrate 25 is connected to the second array substrate 221, but may also be connected to the second counter substrate 222. Furthermore, one end 26a of the third flexible substrate 26 is connected to the second array substrate 221, but may also be connected to the second counter substrate 222. Furthermore, the other end 26b of the third flexible substrate 26 is connected to the third array substrate 231, but may also be connected to the third counter substrate 232.

[0124] (Embodiment 3) <Basic Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel According to Third Embodiment> The basic configuration of the liquid crystal panel according to embodiment 3 is the same as that of embodiment 2. That is, the liquid crystal panel 3 according to embodiment 3 has the same configuration as those shown in Figures 19, 20, and 21. Therefore, a description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal panel 3 will be omitted here.

[0125] <Example of connection of liquid crystal cells, etc. in the liquid crystal panel according to the third embodiment> 25, 26, and 27 are diagrams showing an example of a configuration suitable for mounting the liquid crystal panel 3 according to embodiment 3 in an imaging module. Fig. 25 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 3 before mounting when viewed in the z direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 3 in an unfolded state. Fig. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a wiring configuration in the liquid crystal panel 3. Fig. 27 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 3 after mounting when viewed in the y direction, and is a diagram showing the liquid crystal panel 3 in a folded state.

[0126] 25 , a first flexible substrate 24 is connected to one end 21a in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 21. The other end 21b in the x direction of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and one end 23a in the x direction of the liquid crystal display cell 23 are connected via a second flexible substrate 25. In addition, the other end 23b in the x direction of the liquid crystal display cell 23 and one end 22a in the x direction of the second liquid crystal cell 22 are connected via a third flexible substrate 26.

[0127] 25, the first array substrate 211 is longer in both the direction toward one end 211a and the direction toward the other end 211b in the x direction relative to the first counter substrate 212. Similarly, the second array substrate 221 is longer in both the direction toward one end 221a and the direction toward the other end 221b in the x direction relative to the second counter substrate 222. Furthermore, the third array substrate 231 is longer in both the direction toward one end 231a and the direction toward the other end 231b in the x direction relative to the third counter substrate 232.

[0128] 25, one end 24b in the x direction of the first flexible substrate 24 is connected to one end 211a in the x direction of the first array substrate 211. One end 25a in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 25 is connected to the other end 211b in the x direction of the first array substrate 211. One end 231a in the x direction of the third array substrate 231 is connected to the other end 25b in the x direction of the second flexible substrate 25. One end 26a in the x direction of the third flexible substrate 26 is connected to the other end 231b in the x direction of the third array substrate 231. One end 221a in the x direction of the second array substrate 221 is connected to the other end 26b in the x direction of the third flexible substrate 26.

[0129] <Example of Wiring Configuration in Liquid Crystal Panel According to Third Embodiment> 26, the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 include a common line VCOM and signal lines SIG3 and SIG4. The third flexible substrate 26 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 include a common line VCOM and signal line SIG3. Here, the common line VCOM is a signal line that transmits a signal common to the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23. The signal line SIG3 is a signal line that transmits the same signal that is input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22. The signal line SIG4 is a signal line that transmits a signal that is input to the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0130] That is, the common line VCOM is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, the liquid crystal display cell 23, the third flexible substrate 26, and the second liquid crystal cell 22 in that order. The signal line SIG3 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, the liquid crystal display cell 23, the third flexible substrate 26, and the second liquid crystal cell 22 in that order. The signal line SIG4 is provided to pass through the first flexible substrate 24, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second flexible substrate 25, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 in that order.

[0131] The functions, arrangements, and connections of the common line VCOM, signal line SIG3, and signal line SIG4 are the same as those in embodiment 2. Therefore, a description of these signal lines will be omitted here.

[0132] <Mounting Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel According to Third Embodiment> 27, when the liquid crystal panel 3 is mounted on the imaging system module 6, the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the liquid crystal display cell 23 are arranged by bending the second flexible substrate 25 so that one cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 faces or contacts one cell surface 23s of the liquid crystal display cell 23. Also, the liquid crystal display cell 23 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are arranged by bending the third flexible substrate 26 so that the other cell surface 23p of the liquid crystal display cell 23 faces or contacts one cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22.

[0133] Here, the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the second liquid crystal cell 22 are arranged so that a first optical axis Z21, which is the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell 21, and a second optical axis Z22, which is the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell 22, are parallel to or overlap each other. The liquid crystal display cell 23 is arranged so that a third optical axis Z23, which is the optical axis of the liquid crystal display cell 23, is parallel to or overlaps with the first optical axis Z21, and so that the third optical axis Z23 is parallel to or overlaps with the second optical axis Z22.

[0134] A light-transmitting adhesive layer may be provided between the cell surface 21s of the first liquid crystal cell 21 and the cell surface 23s of the liquid crystal display cell 23. Similarly, a light-transmitting adhesive layer may be provided between the cell surface 22s of the second liquid crystal cell 22 and the cell surface 23p of the liquid crystal display cell 23.

[0135] <Advantages of the Third Embodiment> According to the liquid crystal panel 3 of the third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell 21, the second liquid crystal cell 22, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 can be positioned in their respective appropriate positions simply by bending and folding the second flexible substrate 25 and the third flexible substrate 26. Furthermore, the wiring for supplying signals to each liquid crystal cell and liquid crystal display cell is arranged to pass through the flexible substrate, the liquid crystal cell, or the liquid crystal display cell, thereby avoiding complex routing of the signal lines. As a result, according to the third embodiment, the liquid crystal panel 3 can be easily mounted on the imaging module 6. In other words, according to the third embodiment, the practicality of distance measurement technology based on captured images can be further improved.

[0136] <First Modification of Third Embodiment> In embodiment 3, the edge position of the other end 221b of the end of the second array substrate 221 constituting the second liquid crystal cell 22 on the side to which the flexible substrate is not connected may be aligned in the z direction with the edge position of the end on the same side of the third opposing substrate 232.

[0137] According to the first modification of the third embodiment, similarly to the first modification of the second embodiment, it is possible to achieve space saving and material cost reduction in the liquid crystal panel 2. Furthermore, according to the first modification of the third embodiment, it is possible to reduce the risk of damaging other components, etc., due to the protruding shape of the other end portion 221b.

[0138] <Modification 2 of Embodiment 3> In embodiment 3, as in variant example 2 of embodiment 2, the signal line through which the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 passes and the signal line through which the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 22 passes may be arranged separately.

[0139] According to this variant example 2 of embodiment 3, similar to variant example 2 of embodiment 2, it is possible to deal with the case where the signal input to the first liquid crystal cell 21 is different from the signal input to the second liquid crystal cell 22.

[0140] <Modification of electrode structure> We will now explain modified examples of the structure of the electrodes that constitute the incident light control region R in the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 according to embodiment 1, and the liquid crystal display cell 23 according to embodiments 2 and 3.

[0141] In the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 according to the first embodiment and the liquid crystal display cell 23 according to the second and third embodiments, a matrix structure is assumed as the structure of the electrodes corresponding to the incident light control region R. However, this electrode structure may also be a segment structure. In a segment structure, generally, one of the electrodes on the array substrate side and the electrode on the counter substrate side is composed of a flat electrode, and the other is composed of a plurality of segment electrodes.

[0142] In addition, the multiple segment electrodes in each of the first liquid crystal cell 11 and the second liquid crystal cell 12 in embodiment 1 are configured so that when these two liquid crystal cells are stacked, corresponding segment electrodes in the z direction have the same shape and size.

[0143] FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a first structural example of a segment electrode. As shown in FIG. 28, the segment electrode structure PCA according to the first structural example has a structure in which multiple segment electrodes TA1, TA2, TA3, and TA4 are arranged inside an annular light-shielding member BM1. By making only the regions (of the guest-host liquid crystal) corresponding to the segment electrodes TA1 and TA2 light-absorbing, or by making only the regions corresponding to the segment electrodes TA1 and TA3 light-absorbing, an aperture pattern for coded imaging, i.e., a coded aperture, can be formed. On the other hand, by making the regions corresponding to the segment electrodes TA1 to TA4 light-transmitting, an aperture pattern for general imaging, i.e., an aperture stop, can be formed.

[0144] Fig. 29 is a diagram showing a second structural example of a segmented electrode. As shown in Fig. 29, the segmented electrode structure PCA according to the second structural example has segmented electrodes TA1 to TA6. For example, the segmented electrode TA1 has a circular ring shape, the segmented electrode TA2 has a ring shape surrounded by the segmented electrode TA1, and the segmented electrode TA3 has a circular shape surrounded by the segmented electrode TA2. The segmented electrodes TA4 to TA6 each have a ring shape.

[0145] Segment electrode TA1, segment electrode TA2, and segment electrodes TA4 to TA6 each include a plurality of segmented electrodes divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction. Segment electrode TA1 includes a plurality of segmented electrodes VI1, segment electrode TA2 includes a plurality of segmented electrodes VI2, segment electrode TA4 includes a plurality of segmented electrodes VI4, segment electrode TA5 includes a plurality of segmented electrodes VI5, and segment electrode TA6 includes a plurality of segmented electrodes VI6.

[0146] In structural example 2, the segmented electrodes TA1, TA2, and TA4 to TA6 are each divided into four equal parts. In this example, the segmented electrodes TA1, TA2, and TA4 to TA6 are each divided into four equal parts. The boundaries of the segmented electrodes VI1, VI2, VI4, VI5, and VI6 are aligned in the radial direction of the circle formed by the inner edge of the light-shielding member BM1. The multiple segmented electrodes VI1 to VI6 are electrically independent from each other.

[0147] The segment electrode TA3 can be used as a pinhole region. No light-shielding layer is provided between adjacent segment electrodes TA in the radial direction. The segment electrodes TA1 to TA6 are positioned in a concentric multiple circle shape. This allows the liquid crystal panel 1 to open and close the aperture.

[0148] Here, we focus on the segment electrodes TA1 and TA2. The liquid crystal panel 1 can set the entire segment electrode TA2 to a light-transmitting or light-absorbing state during the period when the entire segment electrode TA1 is set to a light-absorbing state. Furthermore, the liquid crystal panel 1 can set the entire segment electrode TA2 to a light-transmitting state during the period when the entire segment electrode TA1 is set to a light-transmitting state.

[0149] Furthermore, by setting at least one of the segment electrodes TA1 and TA2 of the liquid crystal panel 1 to a light-transmitting state, the image sensor 5 can acquire information about visible light that has passed through the liquid crystal panel 1 and is directed from the subject 90. This allows the image sensor 5 to capture an image of the subject 90. The control unit 1001 can acquire not only distance information about the subject 90 (information about the distance from the imaging device 20 to the subject 90) but also image information about the subject 90 from the image sensor 5.

[0150] Fig. 30 is a diagram showing a third structural example of a segmented electrode. As shown in Fig. 30, the segmented electrode structure PCA according to the third structural example has an annular segmented electrode T2 disposed inside an annular light-shielding member BM1, and a circular segmented electrode T1 disposed inside the segmented electrode T2. By placing the region corresponding to the segmented electrode T2 in a light-absorbing state and the region corresponding to the segmented electrode T1 in a light-transmitting state, an aperture with a small light-transmitting region can be formed. By placing the regions corresponding to the segmented electrodes T2 and T1 in a light-transmitting state, an aperture with a large light-transmitting region can be formed.

[0151] FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a fourth structural example of a segmented electrode. As shown in FIG. 31, the structure of the segmented electrode according to the fourth structural example is such that a wide annular segmented electrode T2 is disposed inside an annular light-shielding member BM1 in the PCA, and a pinhole-shaped segmented electrode T1 is disposed inside the segmented electrode T2. By placing the region corresponding to the segmented electrode T2 in a light-absorbing state and the region corresponding to the segmented electrode T1 in a light-transmitting state, a pinhole-shaped aperture with a very small light-transmitting region can be formed. By placing the regions corresponding to the segmented electrodes T2 and T1 in a light-transmitting state, an aperture with a large light-transmitting region can be formed.

[0152] Fig. 32 is a diagram showing Structural Example 5 of the segmented electrode. As shown in Fig. 32, the segmented electrode structure PCA according to Structural Example 5 has a structure in which a circular segmented electrode T2 is arranged inside an annular light-shielding member BM1, covering the entire area inside the annular light-shielding member BM1. By placing the area corresponding to the segmented electrode T2 in a light-transmitting state, the shutter can be opened, and by placing the area corresponding to the segmented electrode T2 in a light-absorbing state, the shutter can be closed.

[0153] FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a sixth structural example of a segmented electrode. As shown in FIG. 33, the sixth structural example of a segmented electrode PCA has a structure in which segmented electrodes T1 and T2 are arranged inside an annular light-shielding member BM1. The segmented electrode T2 is a circular electrode whose center is shifted from the center CN of the incident light control area. The segmented electrode T1 corresponds to the entire inner area of ​​the light-shielding member BM1 excluding the area of ​​the segmented electrode T2. By making the area corresponding to the segmented electrode T2 a light-absorbing state, a coded aperture can be formed. Furthermore, by making the areas corresponding to the segmented electrodes T1 and T2 a light-transmitting state, an aperture for general imaging can be formed.

[0154] Fig. 34 is a diagram showing Structural Example 7 of the segmented electrode. As shown in Fig. 34, the structure PCA of the segmented electrode according to Structural Example 7 is similar to Structural Example 6, and the center of the segmented electrode T2 is located at a different position from that in Structural Example 6. In the case of Structural Example 7, as in Structural Example 6, a coded aperture and an aperture for general imaging can be formed.

[0155] FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an eighth structural example of a segmented electrode. As shown in FIG. 35, in the segmented electrode structure PCA according to the eighth structural example, segmented electrodes T1, T2, and T3 are arranged inside an annular light-shielding member BM1. The segmented electrodes T1 and T2 have the same sized circular (perfect circle) shape. The diameter of each of the segmented electrodes T1 and T2 is half the inner diameter of the light-shielding member BM1. The segmented electrodes T1 and T2 are arranged side by side in the x-direction and are in contact with each other. The segmented electrode T3 has a shape corresponding to the entire inner area of ​​the light-shielding member BM1 excluding the areas of the segmented electrodes T1 and T2.

[0156] Of the segment electrodes T1 to T3, by making only the region corresponding to segment electrode T1 light-transmitting or by making only the region corresponding to segment electrode T2 light-transmitting, a coded aperture or an aperture for stereo imaging can be formed. Also, by making the regions corresponding to segment electrodes T1 to T3 light-transmitting, an aperture for general imaging can be formed.

[0157] In this way, by configuring the segment electrodes to have a desired structure, it is possible to form apertures that correspond to desired coded imaging, desired stereo imaging, or desired general imaging. Furthermore, by adopting a segment electrode structure, the area to be controlled can be reduced compared to a matrix electrode structure, making it easier to control the voltage applied to the electrodes.

[0158] Although various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and various modifications are possible. Furthermore, the numerical values ​​and the like contained in the text and figures are merely examples, and the effects of the present invention will not be impaired even if different values ​​are used.

[0159] For example, in the above embodiment, the imaging system 50 is installed in an automobile, but the imaging system 50 may be installed in a vehicle or mobile device other than an automobile. For example, the imaging system 50 may be installed in a vehicle or device that moves on land, in the air, on the sea, or underwater. More specifically, the imaging system 50 may be installed in, for example, a railway or monorail train, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a ship, a submarine, an airplane, a drone, various unmanned survey vehicles, unmanned transport vehicles, etc. Even in such an installation example, the imaging system 50 can achieve the same effects as in the above embodiment and can be used, for example, in driving assistance technology. Furthermore, the imaging system 50 may be used independently without being mounted on a vehicle or mobile device.

[0160] Other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. [Appendix 1] The camera includes an optical system, a liquid crystal panel, and an image sensor. the imaging element receives light that has passed through the optical system and the liquid crystal panel; the liquid crystal panel includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a first flexible substrate, and a second flexible substrate; the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal; the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal; the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate; the second flexible substrate is curved; The first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell is in contact with or faces each other and is close to each other. Imaging module.

[0161] [Appendix 2] The apparatus includes an optical system, a liquid crystal panel, an imaging element, and a control unit, the imaging element receives light that has passed through the optical system and the liquid crystal panel; the liquid crystal panel includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a first flexible substrate, and a second flexible substrate; the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal; the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal; the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate; the second flexible substrate is curved; the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged such that one cell surface of each cell is in contact with or faces each other and is close to each other; The control unit controlling the liquid crystal panel and the image sensor so that a first opening pattern is formed in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell, and imaging for distance measurement is performed; a second opening pattern is formed in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal panel and the image sensor are controlled so that imaging for non-distance measurement is performed. Imaging device.

[0162] [Appendix 3] In the imaging device according to Supplementary Note 2, The ranging imaging is coded imaging or stereo imaging. Imaging device.

[0163] [Appendix 4] In the imaging device according to Supplementary Note 3, A calculation processing unit is provided, the arithmetic processing unit calculates a depth estimation value of a subject included in the captured image based on the captured image obtained by the coded imaging or the stereo imaging. Imaging device.

[0164] [Appendix 5] 5. The imaging device according to claim 4, the calculation processing unit generates a depth map based on the calculated subject depth estimation value. Imaging device.

[0165] [Appendix 6] a first flexible substrate is connected to one end of a first liquid crystal cell having a first guest-host liquid crystal in one direction parallel to a cell surface; connecting the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction to one end of a second liquid crystal cell having a second guest-host liquid crystal in the one direction via a second flexible substrate; bending the second flexible substrate; The first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell faces or contacts with each other. A method for forming a liquid crystal panel.

[0166] [Appendix 7] In the method for forming a liquid crystal panel according to Supplementary Note 6, rubbing the alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal in a first direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell; rubbing the alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal in a second direction that is parallel to a cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell and perpendicular to the first direction; A method for forming a liquid crystal panel.

[0167] [Appendix 8] a first flexible substrate is connected to one end of a first liquid crystal cell having a first guest-host liquid crystal in one direction parallel to a cell surface; the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction is connected to one end of one of a second liquid crystal cell having a second guest-host liquid crystal and a liquid crystal display cell not equipped with a polarizer, in the one direction, via a second flexible substrate; the other end of one of the second liquid crystal cell and the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction is connected to one end of the other of the second liquid crystal cell and the liquid crystal display cell via a third flexible substrate; bending the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate; The first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell faces each other, The liquid crystal display cell is disposed so as to be located between the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell. A method for forming a liquid crystal panel.

[0168] [Appendix 9] 9. The method for forming a liquid crystal panel according to claim 8, rubbing the alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal in a first direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell; rubbing the alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal in a second direction that is parallel to a cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell and perpendicular to the first direction; A method for forming a liquid crystal panel. [Explanation of symbols]

[0169] 1, 1A, 1B, 2, 3... liquid crystal panel, 4... optical system, 4a... lens, 5... imaging element, 5a... light receiving surface, 6... imaging system module, 10... arithmetic control processing unit, 11, 21... first liquid crystal cell, 11H, 12H, 21H, 22H... liquid crystal molecules, 11G, 12G, 21G, 22G, 41G, 42G... dye molecules, 11k, 12k... cell surface, 12, 12A, 22... second liquid crystal cell, 23... liquid crystal display cell, 13, 24... first flexible substrate, 14, 25... second flexible substrate, 20... imaging device, 30... external device, 40E... viewpoint, 41H... positive liquid crystal, 42H... negative liquid crystal, 5 0...imaging system, 60...ground, 90...subject, 100...automobile, 110,210...first guest-host liquid crystal, 111,211...first array substrate, 112,212...first counter substrate, 113...first electrode drive circuit, 114,214...first array substrate side electrode, 115,215...first array substrate side alignment film, 116,216...first counter substrate side electrode, 117,217...first light shielding member, 118,218...first counter substrate side alignment film, 119,219...first spacer, 11S,21S...first sealing material, 120,220...second guest-host liquid crystal, 121 , 121A, 221...second array substrate, 122, 222...second counter substrate, 123...second electrode driving circuit, 124, 224...second array substrate side electrode, 125, 225...second array substrate side alignment film, 126, 226...second counter substrate side electrode, 127, 227...second light shielding member, 128, 228...second counter substrate side alignment film, 129, 229...second spacer, 12S, 22S...second sealing material, 230...third liquid crystal, 231...third array substrate, 232...third counter substrate, 233...third electrode driving circuit, 234...third array substrate side electrode, 235...third the array substrate side alignment film, 236...third opposing substrate side electrode, 237...third light shielding member, 238...third opposing substrate side alignment film, 239...third spacer, 23S...third sealing material, 1001...control unit, 1002...storage unit, 1003...arithmetic processing unit, 1005...image data processing unit, 1006...depth map generation unit, 1101...processor, 1102...memory, 1103...storage, 1104...interface, 1105...communication bus, BM1...light shielding member, C1, C3...control signal, DM...depth map, dr...depth, EV...electric field, F11, F12, F21, F22,F23...flexible substrate, H11, H21...first alignment direction, H12, H22...second alignment direction, J1...subject image, L...light, M1...first opening pattern, M11, M12...opening pattern, M2...second opening pattern, NC1, NO2...side of liquid crystal molecule in long axis direction, NC2, NO1...side of dye molecule in short axis direction, P11, P12, P2...image data, PCA...structure of segment electrode, PF...photograph Image data, PG... program, R... incident light control area, SIG1, SIG2, SIG3, SIG4... signal line, T1, T2, T3, TA, TA2, TA3, TA4, TA5, TA6... segment electrode, VCOM... common line, VI1, VI2, VI3, VI4, VI5, VI6... segment electrode, Z11, Z21... first optical axis, Z12, Z22... second optical axis, Z23... third optical axis, LZ... optical axis of liquid crystal panel

Claims

1. a first liquid crystal cell; a second liquid crystal cell; a first flexible substrate; a second flexible substrate; the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal; the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal; the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate; the second flexible substrate is curved; The first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged so that one cell surface of each cell is in contact with or faces each other and is close to each other. LCD panel.

2. 2. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 1, the alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal is rubbed in a first direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell; the alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal is parallel to the cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell and rubbed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; LCD panel.

3. 3. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 2, the first flexible substrate and the first liquid crystal cell each include a first signal line through which a first signal to be input to the first liquid crystal cell passes, and a second signal line through which a second signal to be input to the second liquid crystal cell passes; the second flexible substrate and the second liquid crystal cell each include the second signal line; LCD panel.

4. 4. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 3, the first liquid crystal cell forms a first opening pattern based on the first signal; the second liquid crystal cell forms an opening pattern corresponding to the first opening pattern based on the second signal. LCD panel.

5. 3. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 2, the first liquid crystal cell has a first array substrate and a first counter substrate facing each other; the second liquid crystal cell has a second array substrate and a second counter substrate facing each other; one end of the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first array substrate in the one direction; one end of the second flexible substrate is connected to the other end of the first array substrate in the one direction; the other end of the second flexible substrate is connected to one end of the second array substrate in the one direction; LCD panel.

6. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 5, an end position of the other end of the second array substrate in the one direction and an end position of the other end of the second opposing substrate on the same side as the other end of the second array substrate in the one direction are at the same position in the one direction; LCD panel.

7. 5. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 4, the first signal and the second signal are identical to each other, the first flexible substrate, the first liquid crystal cell, the second flexible substrate, and the second liquid crystal cell each include a signal line through which the same signal passes; LCD panel.

8. 5. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 4, the first signal and the second signal are different signals, the first flexible substrate and the first liquid crystal cell each include the first signal line and the second signal line; the second flexible substrate and the second liquid crystal cell each include the second signal line; LCD panel.

9. 2. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 1, the optical axis of the first liquid crystal cell and the optical axis of the second liquid crystal cell are parallel to or overlap each other; LCD panel.

10. a first liquid crystal cell; a second liquid crystal cell; A liquid crystal display cell; a first flexible substrate; a second flexible substrate; a third flexible substrate; the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal; the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal; the liquid crystal display cell is a liquid crystal cell with no polarizing plate mounted thereon, one end of the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate; the other end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction are connected via the third flexible substrate; the second flexible substrate and the third flexible substrate are curved; the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged such that one cell surface of each cell faces each other; the liquid crystal display cell is disposed so as to be located between the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell; LCD panel.

11. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 10, the alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal is rubbed in a first direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell; the alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal is parallel to the cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell and rubbed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; LCD panel.

12. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 11, the first flexible substrate, the first liquid crystal cell, the second flexible substrate, the second liquid crystal cell, the third flexible substrate, and the liquid crystal display cell each include a third signal line through which a third signal to be input to the liquid crystal display cell passes; the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell function as polarizing plates; the liquid crystal display cell forms an opening pattern corresponding to a region where the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is twisted based on the third signal; LCD panel.

13. a first liquid crystal cell; a second liquid crystal cell; A liquid crystal display cell; a first flexible substrate; a second flexible substrate; a third flexible substrate; the first liquid crystal cell has a first guest-host liquid crystal; the second liquid crystal cell has a second guest-host liquid crystal; the liquid crystal display cell is a liquid crystal cell with no polarizing plate mounted thereon, one end of the first flexible substrate is connected to one end of the first liquid crystal cell in one direction parallel to a cell surface, the other end of the first liquid crystal cell in the one direction and the one end of the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction are connected via the second flexible substrate; the other end of the liquid crystal display cell in the one direction and the one end of the second liquid crystal cell in the one direction are connected via the third flexible substrate; the second flexible substrate and the third flexible substrate are curved; the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are arranged such that one cell surface of each cell faces each other; the liquid crystal display cell is disposed so as to be located between the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell; LCD panel.

14. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 13, the alignment direction of the first guest-host liquid crystal is rubbed in a first direction parallel to a cell surface of the first liquid crystal cell; the alignment direction of the second guest-host liquid crystal is parallel to the cell surface of the second liquid crystal cell and rubbed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; LCD panel.

15. The liquid crystal panel according to claim 14, the first flexible substrate, the first liquid crystal cell, the second flexible substrate, and the second liquid crystal cell each include a third signal line through which a third signal to be input to the liquid crystal display cell passes; the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell function as polarizing plates; the liquid crystal display cell forms an opening pattern corresponding to a region where the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is twisted based on the third signal; LCD panel.

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