Crushing equipment for crushing materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grinding device (1) for grinding material, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste treatment, which comprises at least one grinding roller (2) having a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4) and a supply means (5), in particular formed as a supply hopper, for supplying the grinding roller (2) with the material to be ground, the roller base (3) being provided with grinding tools (8), in particular teeth, which are arranged in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3) and which extend obliquely on the roller base (3) with respect to the longitudinal direction (L). The invention provides that the supply means (5) is configured in such a way that a larger amount of crushed material is produced at the first end (10) of the roller base (3) than at the second end (11) of the roller base (3), and that immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) are arranged such that the crushing tools (8) facing the second end (11) are set back in the direction of rotation compared to the crushing tools (8) facing the first end (10) and / or that different spacings (12) are provided between immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a grinding device for grinding material. The grinding device is used in particular in the field of recycling and / or waste treatment. In this case, the grinding device may have a grinding roller, which may also have a roller base. The grinding roller or the roller base may be supported so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis. The grinding device furthermore has a supply means for supplying the grinding material to the grinding roller. The supply means is in particular configured as a supply hopper. The roller base is provided with grinding tools, in particular teeth, which are arranged in a number of rows that are spaced apart from one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the roller base, and that run obliquely on the roller base to the longitudinal direction.

[0002] Such devices are already known in the prior art. It is also known to arrange the grinding tools in several rows arranged parallel to the axis of rotation or to the longitudinal direction of the roller base. By means of the rows of grinding tools arranged obliquely, it is possible to achieve a homogenization of the grinding material and an improved grinding compared to rows arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller base.

[0003] The crushing tools may be formed as individual tools and / or as teeth, cutting edges and / or movable hammers. In general, the crushing device has a comb with a corresponding tool, which may in particular be supported on a machine frame or frame of the crushing device. To crush the material, the crushing tools can cooperate with a corresponding tool of the comb, which may be formed in such a way that crushing of the material occurs when the crushing roller rotates or turns.

[0004] The comb is usually designed as a tool-holding comb bar and generally extends at least substantially over the entire width of the crushing roller, whereby the comb can be either one-piece or multi-part.

[0005] A disadvantage of the known crushing devices is that even in this case, the crushing devices can only insufficiently, if not completely, crush the interlocked and / or elongated crushed material. The oblique rows of crushing tools do indeed allow a certain degree of uniformity compared to rows running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body. However, in this case, this uniformity is insufficient in some cases to ensure a reliable, effective and uniform crushing of the particularly stuck crushed material.

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE The object of the present invention is to avoid or at least substantially reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages.

[0007] The above-mentioned object is achieved by a grinding device according to claim 1.

[0008] In the implementation of the invention, it has been found that when the grinding material is charged or fed through the feed means, it is not uncommon that sometimes more grinding material is fed at one location and sometimes at another. This uneven feeding and feeding in any case has a considerable influence on the partially insufficient grinding as is done in the prior art. The invention assumes that the feed means is designed or the feeding is controlled in such a way that a larger amount of grinding material is produced at the first end of the roller base than at the second end of the roller base. In other words, a larger amount of grinding material is fed completely intentionally at a specific location, i.e. at the first end of the roller base.

[0009] With the above mentioned intentionally non-uniform feeding approach, three alternative embodiments are possible.

[0010] In a first option according to the invention, in addition to the uneven supply, it is provided that immediately adjacent grinding tools in one row are arranged such that the grinding tools facing the second end are set back in the direction of rotation of the grinding roller compared to the grinding tools facing the first end.

[0011] In a second option, in addition to the non-uniform feeding, it is provided that adjacent comminuting tools in a row are spaced apart from one another at different intervals, in particular in at least two pairs, preferably in at least five pairs, of adjacent comminuting tools in a row, the intervals between adjacent comminuting tools are different from one another.

[0012] In a third option according to the invention, both the first and second options are realized, complementary to the uneven distribution of the grinding material.

[0013] Otherwise, in the second option according to the invention, it is self-evident that at least three comminuting tools in a row are arranged in accordance with the arrangement according to the invention in such a way that the row has at least two different spacings between adjacent comminuting tools, preferably, however, that the spacings between adjacent comminuting tools in a row are different from one another, preferably, at least three different spacings are provided, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 different spacings.

[0014] The longitudinal direction of the roller base means, in particular, that this direction extends in the direction of the maximum longitudinal extension of the roller base. In this case, the roller base may in particular be designed cylindrically, preferably hollow-cylindrically. The longitudinal direction of the roller base may in particular extend in the direction of the axis of rotation of the roller base and / or parallel to this axis of rotation or may coincide with this axis of rotation and / or may form the central axis of the preferably cylindrically designed roller base.

[0015] The first option according to the invention means in particular that the crushing tool is arranged receding in the direction of rotation with respect to or relative to or starting from a first end of the crushing roller at which the material charging can take place.

[0016] It is basically known in the prior art that the grinding tools are arranged obliquely on the surface of the roller base body, but in this case the oblique arrangement is provided in the opposite direction, i.e. in the direction of rotation, so that they advance. In an embodiment known in practice, it is assumed that in immediately adjacent rows of grinding tools, these are arranged in such a way that the grinding tools facing the first end are retreated in the direction of rotation compared to the grinding tools facing the second end. It has now been determined according to the invention that the operation in the prior art leads to a stronger compaction of the charge material precisely in the area where a larger amount of charge material is charged, which permanently impairs the grinding result.

[0017] However, the configuration according to the invention may allow homogenization of the material starting from the first end of the roller base to the second end located opposite, where the material is homogenized after feeding and at least partially transported towards the other end, so that an at least substantially homogenous distribution of the grinding material over the length of the grinding roller in the longitudinal direction of the grinding roller can be achieved.

[0018] This can at least substantially ensure improved uniform comminution over the entire length of the roller.

[0019] In the second option according to the invention, furthermore, an adaptation of the spacing between adjacent grinding tools can also be envisaged or adjusted depending on the different loads of the grinding rollers. For example, the spacing can be reduced in areas where an increased concentration of grinding material is expected. Thus, the invention provides a means for forming the spacing of one row in such a way that an improved grinding can be ensured at the points of increased grinding material. However, in this case, the spacing is also adapted in the diagonally extending rows, which contributes to an improved homogenization of the material. From this, it is self-evident that the two options according to the invention can be combined with each other in a particularly advantageous manner.

[0020] In the prior art, only equal spacing is provided between adjacent grinding tools in one row, which does not, however, take into account the material charge that is actually implemented in practice, since not the same amount of material to be ground occurs over the length of the roller base.

[0021] In the present invention, it has been found that different spacings between the grinding tools in the individual rows, sometimes called toothed passages, can ensure an individual adaptation to various grinding tasks. In particular, this can also improve the withdrawal properties of the grinding material sliding past the feed means. Furthermore, the grinding material can preferably be strongly homogenized due to the different spacings. This effect is further strengthened if the first option according to the invention is also realized.

[0022] Furthermore, in the present invention, material stagnation in the crushed material can be at least substantially avoided, since the crushing can be improved by an optimized arrangement of the crushing tools, which would otherwise cause so-called bridging in the crushing space and have a detrimental effect on the crushing process.

[0023] In particular, the second option according to the invention makes it possible to carry out continuous charging of the grinding material into the grinding device, whereby in particular the throughput of the grinding material can be significantly increased compared to the prior art.

[0024] Arranging the comminuting tools in a row means, in particular, that a comminuting tool may only be arranged in one row in each case. In particular, therefore, the present invention excludes that a comminuting tool is arranged in several different rows. Arranging in a row also means that a "virtual" row in particular connects the center points of the comminuting tools to one another. In this case, this row preferably extends from the first end to the second end of the roller base body and at the same time extends on the outer surface of the roller base body. This row may also be designed in such a way that the virtual line connecting the center points is formed, in particular, continuously or monotonically rising. In particular, therefore, no "constant" section of the line connecting the center points of the rows or of the comminuting tools is provided.

[0025] Preferably, the roller base is provided with a number of regions, preferably with substantially the same width. The width of these regions occurs in particular with respect to the length of the roller base. Thus, the roller base can be divided into a number of different regions. At least one region is provided with a greater number of grinding tools than in the other regions. This can preferably be achieved in that the distance between adjacent grinding tools can be reduced in the regions with a greater number of grinding tools. The region with a greater number of grinding tools is preferably arranged corresponding to the first end and / or at the first end of the roller base, where an increase in the mass material occurs due to the charging via the feed means. That is to say, by increasing the number of grinding tools in the region of the roller base associated therewith, it is possible to react to an increase in the charge of the grinding material and thus ensure efficient grinding.

[0026] In particular, the roller base body is provided with at least three regions, in particular with substantially the same width, surrounding the roller base body in the circumferential direction, which regions differ from one another in that they have a different number of comminuting tools. Preferably, a first region facing the first end is provided with more comminuting tools than the other two regions. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that an intermediate region arranged between the first region and the further region facing the second end is provided with more comminuting tools than the further regions. That is to say, the three regions can be divided in such a way that the first region preferably has the greatest number of comminuting tools. The intermediate region may have fewer comminuting tools than the first region, but more than the further (outer) region. The further region facing the second end or arranged at the second end may have the least number of comminuting tools. In this connection, it is self-evident that the spacing between immediately adjacent comminuting tools in each region may be the same or different in each case. However, finally, the spacing between adjacent grinding tools in two different regions (i.e., in the connection region between the two regions) is different.

[0027] In an alternative, but equally preferred embodiment, it is particularly provided that the roller base is provided with at least three regions surrounding the roller base in the circumferential direction, which may in particular each have the same width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base. The first region facing the first end in particular has the largest number of grinding tools, or the number of grinding tools in the first region corresponds to the number of grinding tools in the further region, which is preferably arranged at the second end. In particular, the intermediate region has fewer grinding tools than the first region and / or has fewer or the same number of grinding tools than the further region. The further region may preferably have at least two grinding tools, which are respectively spaced differently from at least one immediately adjacent grinding tool. Preferably, the density of the grinding tools in the further region increases starting from the outer section facing the first end of the further region towards the second end. Thus, in the end section of the further region, which may face the second end, a larger number of grinding tools may be arranged in one row than in the outer section of the further region facing the first end. In particular, the further region may be divided into several different sections, each preferably having a different width, in which case the distance between immediately adjacent comminuting tools of a row may preferably be greater in the outer sections than in the end sections. The outer sections may in particular have a width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base body that is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, in particular at least twice as large as the width of the end sections. In the end sections, in particular at least two comminuting tools may be arranged per row, which may in particular form one set of teeth.

[0028] Finally, it can be achieved that the compressed arrangement of the grinding tools in the end section of the further region precisely produces a material gap during grinding, which in particular leads to a "follow-up" of the subsequent charge material. Finally, the conveying of the material not ground on the grinding roller takes place, in particular at least substantially once, from the first end to the second end of the grinding roller. In order to ensure an efficient grinding of the material, it is necessary to grind the material, in particular located at the second end or conveyed towards the second end, in the region of the second end. It is therefore advantageous to homogenize the material also in the region of the second end of the grinding roller. In particular, the above-mentioned distribution of the grinding tools in the different regions of the roller base body contributes to breaking up material bridges during grinding.

[0029] Preferably, the roller base has a length of 0.5 m to 4 m, preferably 2 m + / - 30%. At such lengths of the roller base the advantages of the invention are particularly evident, since in the prior art the roller bases usually have a length of 3 m and it is particularly difficult to allow shorter lengths.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally, preferably the roller substrate has a diameter of between 0.5m and 1.2m, preferably 0.6m + / - 35%.

[0031] However, the present invention also allows the material flow supplied to the roller base to be optimized in particular for different arrangements of the crushing tools, thus making it possible to use small, compact crushing devices with short lengths.

[0032] As a result, the invention is in any case partly advantageous in that at the first end, where the feed means are correspondingly arranged, an increase in the mass material also occurs, which can be resisted by the preferably greater number of crushing tools arranged in this area, which is ensured by the different spacings according to the invention between immediately adjacent crushing tools of a row.

[0033] Furthermore, in one further preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that in a first region of the grinding roller, in particular in the first region mentioned above, adjacent grinding tools of one row have a smaller distance from each other than adjacent grinding tools of the same row in another region facing the second end. Preferably, the first region faces the first end and / or continues to the first end. The above-mentioned arrangements in particular relate to at least two pairs of grinding tools, one of which is arranged in the first region and the other in the other region. This embodiment is in particular possible independently of the above-mentioned regions, since this preferred embodiment in particular relates to at least one row. It has been mentioned above that the number of grinding tools differs from one another in different regions on the grinding roller or roller base. The preferred embodiment just described relates not to the circumference of the roller base, but to the rows of the roller base. In this connection, however, it is self-evident that preferably both embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0034] It is preferably provided that immediately adjacent comminuting tools of a row in the first region are equally spaced apart, in this connection it may be provided that the outermost comminuting tools facing the other regions may have a different spacing relative to the comminuting tools of the other regions than in the first region.

[0035] Moreover, in one alternative, particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, it is envisaged that the rows are each formed at least substantially identically or differently.

[0036] A different arrangement of the rows may occur in particular if the grinding tools of adjacent rows are staggered and / or if the rows have a different number of grinding tools in different areas. In particular, a different arrangement of the rows may result in a homogenization of the material during grinding and optimized grinding properties of the grinding rollers.

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, the rows are preferably arranged at equal distances from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction, which results in a particularly symmetrical arrangement of the rows on the roller base.

[0038] Advantageously, the rows are at least substantially identically configured, so that a uniform grinding result can be ensured when the roller base body rotates. The rows are at least substantially identically configured, which is also advantageous in that the grinding tools can cooperate with the corresponding grinding tools of the comb, as described above in the description of the prior art. In this case, it turns out that an identical configuration is advantageous, since the at least substantially identical configuration of the rows ensures that for each row a corresponding cooperation between the grinding tools and the corresponding grinding tools can be ensured.

[0039] Preferably, the rows can be arranged offset with respect to one another, especially if the transverse spacing is the same, so that the comminuting tools of different adjacent rows are preferably not arranged immediately one after the other, but are arranged offset with respect to one another, at least partially, in the intermediate region and / or in the further region. In this connection, it is self-evident that the comminuting tools of adjacent rows can also be arranged immediately one after the other (in relation to the direction of rotation or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body) in the first region and / or at least partially in the intermediate region.

[0040] Furthermore, in one further preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that a third region is provided between the first region and the further region. The third region may in particular correspond to the above-mentioned intermediate region or may be another independent configuration. Preferably, at least two immediately adjacent comminuting tools of one row are arranged with a smaller distance from each other than immediately adjacent comminuting tools of the same row in the further region. In particular, the third region has at least two comminuting tools per row, which may in particular be referred to as teeth. The teeth of immediately adjacent rows may also be arranged offset from each other.

[0041] In particular, the third region may form only a constituent part of the intermediate region mentioned above.

[0042] Particularly preferably, a second region is provided between the first region and the third region. In particular, the intermediate region can be formed by the second region and the third region. It is preferably provided that in the second region at least one row of comminuting tools is arranged, which are spaced apart from immediately adjacent comminuting tools of the same row in the first region and / or the third region by a distance greater than the distance between immediately adjacent comminuting tools in the first region and / or the third region.

[0043] The above-mentioned four-zone configuration makes it possible that efficient grinding can be ensured even with a roller base having a relatively small length, whereby the first zone can ensure improved withdrawal properties of the grinding material or grinding product sliding from the supply means.

[0044] Particularly preferably, the feed means is configured as a flap hopper, so that the combination with the first area is particularly efficient, since, due to the geometry of the hopper, the material to be ground is set in motion, preferably at least substantially rotated, and thus drawn at least substantially in a vortex into the first area and ground.

[0045] Alternatively or additionally, the supply means may be formed as and / or comprise a conveyor belt and / or a chute.

[0046] By the inventive arrangement of the comminuting tools an enhanced homogenizing effect can be provided, whereby in particular material bridge formation can also be avoided.

[0047] The above-mentioned third region has the particular advantage that, when feeding material via the feeding means, an increased amount of collected material is assumed in this region compared to the second and / or further regions.

[0048] In particular, the third region may be formed to be the same size or larger than the second region. In particular, the width of the third region is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, greater than the width of the second region. As mentioned above, both the second region and the third region may have the same width as the first region and / or the further region. The further region may also be called the fourth region. It has been found that during the grinding process, an increase in the aggregate material occurs in the first region and the third region, and the increased aggregate material can be captured in a proper manner by the correspondingly more densely or more closely packed grinding tools. This means that the material can also be efficiently ground in the third region and a homogenization of the material can be achieved. In particular, the material can be ground compactly here.

[0049] In one further preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that the spacing between adjacent comminuting tools in one row is made in another region at least 100%, preferably at least 200%, more preferably 300% to 1000%, in particular 400% to 500% larger than the spacing between adjacent comminuting tools in the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0050] It is preferably provided that the spacing between adjacent grinding tools in one row may be formed in another region at least twice as large, preferably at least three times as large, in particular at least four times as large, as the spacing between adjacent grinding tools in the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0051] It has been determined according to the invention that with spacings of the above-mentioned type, particularly efficient grinding can be ensured, especially even with grinding objects which catch on one another.

[0052] Furthermore, a drive is preferably provided for driving the grinding roller. It is understood that the present invention may also provide a plurality of drive devices. In particular, the drive device is arranged at the first end of the roller base and is used to drive the first end of the roller base.

[0053] Furthermore, in one further preferred embodiment, it is provided that a frame is provided for holding and supporting the grinding roller and preferably the drive. The frame can in particular be arranged at the base and is ultimately used to support and support the grinding roller. Furthermore, it is preferred that the grinding roller is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side, in particular at least indirectly, on the frame. Support on both sides allows a secure positioning of the grinding roller, in particular even when high loads are applied, so that damage to the machine can preferably be avoided.

[0054] More particularly preferably, a wall of the base is arranged at each of the first and second ends for mounting and supporting the respective ends. Thus, a mounting wall of the base may be arranged at each of the first ends, which may be called a motor mounting wall. A mounting wall may also be arranged at each of the second ends, which may be called a rear mounting wall. The supply means may in particular be arranged at the motor mounting wall, in particular be rigidly connected to the motor mounting wall.

[0055] The crushing device preferably has a comb with a corresponding tool and a comb flap, which is preferably pivotally supported on the machine frame. The cooperation between the corresponding tool and the crushing tool arranged on the roller base results in particular in the inventive properties of the crushing device for crushing the material to be crushed.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment of the idea of ​​the invention, the comminuting tools extend only over a portion of the circumference of the roller base, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably 0.5% to 70%, more preferably 1% to 20% of the circumference of the roller base. The comminuting tools thus preferably do not surround the roller base, but only protrude in one area or only partially in relation to the roller base. Such an arrangement of the comminuting tools makes it possible to form the comminuting tools into teeth. Furthermore, it becomes possible that the comminuting tools can be provided and arranged on the roller base independently of one another, so that the above-mentioned inventive arrangement of the comminuting tools on the roller base can be ensured. Finally, the comminuting tools can be formed and arranged on the roller base individually and adapted to the respective comminuting task or to the feed.

[0057] Preferably, the grinding tool has an outer upper edge surface that is inclined and / or descending relative to a support surface arranged on the roller base, preferably at least substantially in the form of a circular arc section, and that is located in particular opposite to the support surface. The outer upper edge surface may in particular be configured to descend, so that the part of the grinding tool that is most remote from the roller base is arranged facing a cutting direction that may extend in the direction of rotation of the roller base, in which case, due to the descending configuration of the outer upper edge surface, in particular defined by the side surface of the grinding tool, the distance of the outer upper edge surface from the roller base decreases preferably monotonically, in particular strictly monotonically, in the direction opposite to the cutting direction. This shape of the grinding tool ensures minimal wear of the grinding tool and allows in particular efficient grinding of the charge.

[0058] Particularly preferably, the grinding tool has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross section. In this context, it is self-evident that a triangular shape also means that the lateral surfaces or side edges of the triangle are preferably formed in the shape of at least substantially circular arc segments. The shortest side of the triangle is preferably oriented in the cutting direction, whereas the longer sides may be part of the support surface and the outer upper edge surface, which are arranged in particular on the roller base body. In this context, it is self-evident that an at least substantially triangular cross-sectional shape also means a shape which may have at least one recess, in particular for arranging a coupling means, in particular on the outer upper edge surface. A grinding tool formed in this way may be particularly compact and may strike the material to be ground first, in particular with a convex portion.

[0059] The comminuting tool is preferably formed from at least two parts. In this case, the comminuting tool may have a tooth body arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the comminuting roller or roller base and a cutter connected to the tooth body in a positive and / or force-locking manner. The two-part formation is advantageous in that, in particular due to wear that occurs, a simple exchange of the cutter is possible, in particular without having to exchange the entire comminuting tool. The cutter may be connected to the tooth body in an exchangeable or removable manner. The tooth body may be arranged in a fixed manner on the roller base, in particular connected to the roller base in a force-locking and / or material-locking manner, preferably by welding.

[0060] In particular, the comminuting tool and / or the tooth body can be fixed to the roller base. The cutter can be oriented in the cutting direction. In particular, the cutter and the tooth body can be removably connected to one another and / or fixed via a connecting means. In the event of wear of the cutter, it is thus possible to simply replace the cutter, but not necessarily the entire comminuting tool. The cutter can therefore be designed as a wear element.

[0061] Preferably, the cutter is supported on the tooth body, which may therefore be formed as a support. At least one form-locking feature, preferably at least two form-locking features, may be provided for connecting the cutter to the tooth body. In particular, the at least one form-locking feature may be formed by a groove-and-key connection.

[0062] The invention furthermore relates to a grinding roller, which can be used in particular in a grinding device of the above-mentioned type. The grinding roller is provided for grinding the material to be ground. In this case, the grinding roller may have a roller base which can rotate about a rotation axis. The roller base is provided with grinding tools, in particular teeth, which are preferably arranged in a number of rows which are spaced apart from one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the roller base, and which run obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the roller base. In this case, the invention provides that immediately adjacent grinding tools in a row are each spaced apart from one another.

[0063] The grinding roller according to the invention likewise enables the advantages mentioned above in connection with the grinding device according to the invention, and therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition or explanation, reference is made to the above-mentioned statements which also apply to the grinding roller. It is particularly to be pointed out that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the grinding device are also transferable to the grinding roller according to the invention without the need for a separate explicit explanation.

[0064] It is further explicitly noted that all of the intervals mentioned above and below also include all intermediate intervals and individual values ​​contained within these intervals, which are considered to be significant to the present invention even if these intermediate intervals or individual values ​​are not specifically set forth separately.

[0065] Further features, advantages and possible applications of the invention emerge from the following description of an embodiment based on the drawings and from the drawings themselves, in which all the features described and / or shown, either by themselves or in any combination, form the subject of the invention, regardless of whether they are summarized in the claims or referred to in the claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0066] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic diagram of a crushing device according to the present invention; [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic view of detail A of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a side view that illustrates the crushing device illustrated in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic diagram of a crushing device according to the present invention; [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the crushing roller shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a grinding roller according to the present invention; [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a grinding roller according to the present invention; [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of the crushing roller shown in FIG.

[0067] In Fig. 1, a crushing device 1 is shown for crushing a material to be crushed (not shown in detail). As material to be crushed, various charges occurring in the field of recycling or waste treatment may be envisaged. The crushing device 1 comprises a crushing roller 2. Different embodiments of the crushing roller 2 according to the invention are shown in Figs. 4 to 8.

[0068] The grinding roller 2 has a roller base 3. Both the grinding roller 2 and the roller base 3 are rotatable about their respective, in particular coincident, rotation axes 4. In the example shown in Fig. 1, it is assumed that the grinding device 1 has only one grinding roller 2. In alternative embodiments, several grinding rollers 2 can also be provided, which are not shown here in detail.

[0069] 1 further shows that the grinding device 1 has a feed means 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the feed means 5 is configured as a feed hopper or in the form of a funnel. The feed means 5 ultimately serves to assist the feeding of the grinding material to the grinding rollers 2.

[0070] Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows that the outer surface 6 of the roller base 3 is provided with a number of comminuting tools 8 arranged in a number of rows 7 which are spaced apart from one another and extend obliquely to the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. In this case, the comminuting roller 2 shown in FIG. 7 has exclusively rows 7 which comprise comminuting tools 8. In this case, each comminuting tool 8 is arranged in correspondence with only one row 7. Furthermore, the rows 7 are each identical to one another and are aligned or arranged in such a way that they extend symmetrically in the circumferential direction of the roller base 3, in particular.

[0071] The comminuting tools 8 may be formed as teeth.

[0072] Furthermore, the comminuting tools 8 can be connected to the roller base body 3 or to the outer surface 6 in a form-locking or material-locking manner. As shown in FIG. 5, the comminuting tools 8 are each surrounded by a protective element 9. In this case, the protective element 9 can be configured as a wear protection for the roller base body 3 and can in particular be connected to the roller base body 3 in a material-locking manner, in particular by welding. The protective element 9 is preferably configured as a wear protection plate. The protective element 9 can have a recess for arranging the comminuting tools 8.

[0073] A plurality of crushing tools 8 may be arranged on one protective member 9.

[0074] 1 shows that the feed means 5 is configured in such a way that at a first end 10 of the roller base 3 a larger amount of grinding material is produced than at a second end 11 of the roller base 3. It is self-evident that the ends 10, 11 refer in particular to the end faces of the roller base 3. In this case, the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3 runs in the direction of the maximum longitudinal extension of the roller base 3 and is also oriented in particular in the direction of the rotation axis 4 of the roller base 3.

[0075] In this case, the first end 10 and the second end 11 are located on opposite sides with respect to the longitudinal direction L. In particular, the crushing roller 2 may be supported at both the first end 10 and the second end 11.

[0076] In Fig. 1, the grinding roller 2 is shown diagrammatically, in particular at its supported first end 10. The supply of grinding material is not shown in detail. However, as can be seen from Fig. 1, more grinding material for grinding is provided at the correspondingly arranged first end 10 facing the supply means 5 during operation of the grinding device 1 than at the oppositely situated second end 11. In particular, the loading of grinding material is not uniform over the entire length of the grinding roller 2, but is increased at the first end 10 or provided with more aggregate material.

[0077] 4 and 5 show a shape of the grinding roller 2 which can also be used in a device 1 corresponding to that shown in FIG. 1, but which differs from the shape shown in FIG. 1. Common to both embodiments, however, immediately adjacent grinding tools 8 of one row 7 are arranged in such a way that the grinding tools 8 facing the second end 11 are set back in the direction of rotation, which is indicated diagrammatically by an arrow in FIG. 4, compared to the grinding tools 8 facing the first end 10. The direction of rotation occurs during operation of the grinding device 1. By corresponding setbacks, an arrangement of the grinding tools 8 set back relative to the direction of rotation is also achieved. This is also shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6 and also in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0078] In the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is assumed that the spacing 12 between immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of a row 7 is at least substantially constant.

[0079] It is further assumed in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 that the rows 7 are each at least substantially identically configured and preferably have a constant lateral distance from one another. However, the rows 7 may also be arranged offset from one another. It may thus be assumed that a comminuting tool 8 of a first row 7 is not immediately followed (in terms of the direction of rotation) by a comminuting tool 8 of another row 7 immediately adjacent to the first row. The offset of the comminuting tools 8 of the immediately adjacent rows 7 is, for example, 360° divided by the number n of rows 7 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4. Such an offset may also be particularly advantageous in terms of the comminution result in the case of rows 7 that are differently configured.

[0080] In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8, it is assumed that there are different spacings 12 between adjacent comminuting tools 8 in one row 7. In the case of different spacings 12, it is also assumed that there are a plurality of identical spacings 12 in one row 7. However, at least two pairs of comminuting tools 8 in one row 7 are arranged such that their spacings 12 are different from each other.

[0081] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, both the corresponding rotational setback and the realization of different spacings 12 as described above are realized.

[0082] Preferably, the above-mentioned arrangement of the crushing tools 8 applies to each row 7. In this case, one crushing tool 8 may be arranged corresponding to only one row 7, not to multiple rows 7.

[0083] 5 shows that each row 7 is formed as a linear straight line - i.e. in the corresponding 2D projection - i.e. in the final corresponding unfolding from the drum, in particular the rows 7 rise at least substantially strictly monotonically in the longitudinal direction L.

[0084] In Fig. 6 it is shown that the roller base 3 is provided with several regions 13, 14 and 15, which extend over the entire circumference of the roller base 3. In this case, Fig. 6 shows that the first region 13 is provided with a greater number of grinding tools 8 than in one of the other regions, i.e. both in the intermediate region 14 and in the further region 15. The further region 15 may in particular be arranged at the second end 11.

[0085] Furthermore, the regions 13, 14 and 15 are provided with the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6. In this case, the regions 13, 14 and 15 differ from each other in that they each have a different number of crushing tools 8. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 may be provided with a greater number of crushing tools 8 than the other two regions 14, 15, in which case the first region 13 and the intermediate region 14 arranged between the first region 13 and the further region 15 facing the second end are provided with a greater number of crushing tools 8 than the further region 15.

[0086] 7 and 8 further show that in a first region 13 facing and / or connected to the first end 10, immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of one row 7 have a smaller spacing 12 from each other than immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of the same row 7 in another region 15. It is self-evident that in this case the spacing 12 between at least substantially adjacent comminuting tools 8 in the first region 13 may be constant.

[0087] FIG. 6 further shows that different rows 7 in the first region 13 may have different numbers of grinding tools 8 with at least substantially constant spacing 12, provided that in this case the spacing between the outermost grinding tool 8 facing the second end 11 in the two rows 7 and the adjacent grinding tool 8 in the subsequent intermediate region 14 is at least substantially the same.

[0088] In one embodiment (not shown), it is envisaged that the roller base 3 is provided with at least three regions 13, 14 and 15 surrounding the roller base 3 in the circumferential direction, each of which may have the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 has the greatest number of grinding tools 8 or the number of grinding tools 8 in the first region 13 corresponds to the number of grinding tools 8 in the further region 15, which is preferably arranged at the second end 11. The intermediate region 14 has fewer grinding tools 8 than the first region 13 and / or has fewer or the same number of grinding tools 8 than the further region 15. The further region 15 may have grinding tools 8 with different spacings 12 with respect to each immediately adjacent grinding tool 8 of the same row 7. Preferably, the density of the comminuting tools 8 in the further region 15 increases starting from the outer section facing the first end 10 of the further region 15 towards the second end 11. Thus, in the end section of the further region 15, which may face the second end 11, a larger number of comminuting tools 8 may be arranged in one row 7 than in the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10. The width of the outer section and the width of the end section may differ from one another, in particular in this case the outer section has a width which exceeds the width of the end section by at least 100%, in particular in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3. Furthermore, the distance 12 between immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 in one row 7 may be greater in the outer section than in the end section. In particular at least two comminuting tools 8 may be arranged in the end section per row 7, which may in particular form a set of teeth.

[0089] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the rows 7 are spaced apart transversely to the longitudinal direction L at least substantially equally from one another.

[0090] 6 further shows that the intermediate region 14 may have a third region 17, in which at least two immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of one row 7 may have a smaller distance 12 from each other than adjacent comminuting tools 8 of the same row 7 in another region 15. In particular, at least two comminuting tools 8 per row 7 may be arranged in the third region 17, which may then ultimately form a set of teeth.

[0091] 6 further shows that the teeth of the different rows 7 arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation are offset relative to one another in the longitudinal direction L. In this case too, it can be respectively assumed that the outer comminuting tools 8 of the third region 17 facing the further region 15 are equally spaced from the immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of the further region 15 in each row 7. In this case, moreover, if the comminuting tools 8 are at least substantially equally spaced from one another in the further region 15, then the outermost comminuting tools 8 facing the second end 11 are respectively differently spaced from the end faces of the second end 11 in the different rows 7.

[0092] As FIG. 6 shows, the spacing 12 between adjacent grinding tools 8 in one row 7 is formed in another region 15 to be at least twice, in particular 4 to 6 times, larger than the spacing 12 between adjacent grinding tools 8 in the same row 7 in the first region 13 and / or the third region 17.

[0093] FIG. 6 further shows that the intermediate region 14 has a second region 18. The second region 18 may be arranged between the third region 17 and the first region 13. In this case, the second region 18 may have a smaller width than the third region 17. In particular, the width of the second region in the longitudinal direction L is at least 30%, in particular at least 50% smaller than the width of the third region 17. As FIG. 6 further shows, the crushing tools 8 of one row 7 arranged in the second region 18 are arranged in such a way that one crushing tool 8 is arranged per row 7 in the second region 18. In this case, the distance 12 between the crushing tools 8 arranged in the second region 18 and the immediately adjacent crushing tools 8 of the same row 7 in the first and / or third region 13, 17 is larger than the distance 12 between the immediately adjacent crushing tools 8 in the first region 13 and / or third region 17.

[0094] 6 further shows that the rows 7 can also be arranged offset relative to one another, which has the effect that, in particular in the intermediate region 14, at least partially in the intermediate region 14, no further comminuting tools 8 of the adjacent row 7 are arranged immediately behind a comminuting tool 8 of a first row 7. This applies in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 to all comminuting tools 8 of the further region 15 and / or the second region 18 and partially to the third region 17.

[0095] Basically, it may be envisaged that in different embodiments, the rows 7 are each formed with the same configuration.

[0096] FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically that the comminuting tool 8 is formed from at least two parts. In this case, the comminuting tool 8 can be connected to the outer surface 6 or to the circumferential surface of the comminuting roller 2 in a form-locking and / or force-locking manner. In particular, the comminuting tool 8 has a tooth body 19 which is arranged directly on the outer surface 6 of the roller basic body 3. The comminuting tool 8 can furthermore have a cutter 20 which can be connected to the tooth body 19 in a form-locking and / or form-locking manner. The cutter 20 is oriented in the direction of rotation so that this component of the comminuting tool 8 comes into contact with the material to be comminuted first or “first” during comminution.

[0097] The cutter 20 can be connected to the tooth body 19 via at least one form-locking feature, in particular in this case the at least one form-locking feature can be configured as a groove-and-key connection. Alternatively or additionally, a connecting means 29 can be provided for connecting the cutter 20 to the tooth body 19, which connects the cutter 20 to the tooth body 19 in particular in a force-locking manner.

[0098] 1, a platform 21 is provided for holding and supporting the grinding roller 2. The platform 21 may also be used to support a drive device (not shown in detail) for driving the grinding roller 2.

[0099] 6 shows diagrammatically that one wall 22 and one wall 23 are respectively arranged at the first end 10 and at the second end 11. The wall 22 facing the first end 10 may also be called the motor (installation) wall, since in particular a drive may be arranged at the first end 10. The wall 23 arranged at the second end 11 may also be called the rear (installation) wall.

[0100] 1 further shows that the comminuting device 1 has a comb 25 with a number of corresponding tools 24. The comb 25 may be supported on a frame 21, sometimes called a machine frame. The comb 25 may further have a comb flap 26 pivotably arranged on the frame 21.

[0101] To break up the material, the crushing tools 8 can cooperate with corresponding tools 24. In particular, gaps are provided between adjacent corresponding tools 24, which gaps are formed to match or correspond to the shape of the crushing tools 8 passing through each gap.

[0102] 5 shows that one or more (all) of the grinding tools 8 extend only over a portion of the circumferential surface of the roller base 3, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably 1% to 20%, of the outer circumferential surface of the roller base 3. In other words, a number of grinding tools 8 can be provided distributed over the outer surface of the roller base 3 independently of one another.

[0103] As can be seen better from Fig. 5, in the preferred embodiment shown, the comminuting tool 8 has an outer upper edge surface 28, preferably at least substantially in the form of a circular arc segment, which is inclined and / or descending with respect to a support surface 27 arranged on the roller base body 3, and which is located in particular opposite to the support surface 27. The descending outer upper edge surface 28 may in particular be designed to descend monotonically and may be used to reduce the distance between the outer upper edge surface 28 and the roller base body 3 in the direction opposite to the cutting direction S. The area of ​​the comminuting tool 8 which occupies the greatest volume of the comminuting tool 8 is thus first to strike the charge.

[0104] 8 shows that the comminuting tool 8 has, in cross section, an at least substantially triangular shape, preferably with an edge that is at least substantially in the shape of a circular arc section. A triangular configuration also means that the outer upper edge surface 28 has a recess, in particular for arranging the connecting means 29, as shown in FIG.

[0105] As mentioned above, the feed means 5 may be configured as a hopper, in particular a flap hopper. Alternatively or additionally, the feed means 5 may be configured as a conveyor belt and / or a chute. [Explanation of symbols]

[0106] 1 Crushing equipment 2 Crushing roller 3 Roller base 4 Rotation axis 5 Supply means 6.3 Exterior 7 columns 8 Crushing Tools 9 Protective materials 10 First end 11 Second end 12 intervals 13 The First Area 14 Intermediate area 15 Another Realm 16 Width 17 The Third Region 18 The Second Region 19 Tooth body 20 cutters 21 Mount 22 Wall 23. Wall 24 Corresponding comb part 25 Comb part 26 Comb flap 27 Support surface 28 Upper outer edge surface 29 Coupling means L Longitudinal S cutting direction

Claims

1. A grinding device (1) for grinding material, particularly for use in the field of recycling and waste treatment, comprising at least one grinding roller (2) having a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4) and a supply means (5) formed in particular as a supply hopper for supplying the grinding roller (2) with grinding material, the roller base (3) being provided with grinding tools (8), in particular teeth, arranged in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in a longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3) and extending obliquely on the roller base (3) with respect to said longitudinal direction (L), the supply means (5) is configured in such a way that a larger amount of ground material is produced at a first end (10) of the roller base (3) than at a second end (11) of the roller base (3); characterised in that immediately adjacent comminuting tools (8) of one row (7) are arranged such that the comminuting tools (8) facing the second end (11) are set back in the direction of rotation compared to the comminuting tools (8) facing the first end (10) and / or that immediately adjacent comminuting tools (8) of one row (7) are spaced apart by different distances (12), Grinding device (1).

2. 2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller base (3) is provided with a plurality of regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), and at least one region (13) is provided with a greater number of crushing tools (8) than one other region (15).

3. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller base (3) is provided with at least three regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), the regions (13, 14, 15) having a different number of crushing tools (8), in particular a first region (13) facing the first end (10) being provided with a greater number of crushing tools (8) than the other two regions (14, 15) and / or an intermediate region (14), in particular between the first region (13) and a further region (15) facing the second end (11), being provided with a greater number of crushing tools (8) than the further region (15).

4. 4. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein in a first region (13) of the crushing roller (2), preferably facing the first end (10) and / or preferably connected to the first end (10), immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) have a smaller distance (12) from each other than immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of the same row (7) in another region (15) facing the second end (11).

5. 5. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) in the first region (13) are equally spaced apart.

6. 6. The comminuting device according to claim 1, wherein the rows (7) are identically configured and / or the rows (7) are equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

7. 7. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a third area (17) is provided between the first area (13) and the further area (15), in which at least two immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) have a smaller distance (12) from each other than adjacent crushing tools (8) of the same row (7) in the further area (15), in particular the third area (17) having two crushing tools (8) in each row (7).

8. 8. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a second area (18) is provided between the first area (13) and the third area (17), and in the second area (18) at least one crushing tool (8) of a row (7) is provided, the crushing tool (8) being spaced apart from adjacent crushing tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first area (13) and / or the third area (17) by a distance (12) that is greater than the distance (12) between adjacent crushing tools (8) in the first area (13) and / or the third area (17).

9. 9. The comminution device according to claim 1, wherein the spacing (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of one row (7) is configured in the further region (15) to be at least twice as large, preferably at least twice as large, more preferably 3 to 10 times as large, in particular 4 to 6 times as large, as the spacing (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first region (13) and / or the third region (17).

10. 10. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing tool (8) is formed from at least two parts and comprises a tooth body (19) provided on the outer circumferential surface of the crushing roller (2) and a cutter (20) connected to the tooth body (19) in a positive and / or force-locking manner, in particular the cutter (20) and the tooth body (19) being releasably connectable and / or fixable to one another via a connecting means (29).

11. 11. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a platform (21) for holding and supporting the crushing roller (2) and preferably a drive for driving the crushing roller (2).

12. 12. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing roller (2) is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side at the first end (10) and / or the second end (11).

13. 13. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the first end (10) and the second end (11) are respectively provided with corresponding walls (22, 23) of the frame (21) for mounting and supporting each of the ends (10, 11).

14. 14. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a comb (25) having a corresponding tool and a comb flap (26) preferably pivotably supported on the base (21).

15. 15. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing tool (8) extends only over a portion of the circumferential surface of the roller base (3), in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably 0.5% to 70%, more preferably 1% to 20% of the circumferential surface of the roller base (3).

16. the crushing tool (8) has an outer upper edge surface (28) which is inclined and / or descending with respect to a support surface (27) arranged on the roller base body (3), preferably at least substantially in the form of a circular arc section, said outer upper edge surface (28) being located in particular opposite said support surface (27); and / or The crushing tool (8) preferably has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross section with an edge that is at least substantially in the shape of a circular arc segment. Comminution device according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. 17. The comminution device according to claim 1, wherein the feed means (5) is configured as a hopper, in particular a flap hopper, a conveyor belt and / or a chute.

18. A grinding roller (2) for a grinding device (1) for grinding materials, which is used in particular in the field of recycling and waste treatment, comprising a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4) and grinding tools (8), in particular teeth, arranged on the roller base (3) in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in a longitudinal direction (L) on the roller base (3) and extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3), characterised in that adjacent comminuting tools (8) of one row (7) are spaced apart by different distances (12), Crushing roller (2).

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