Use of adhesives, sealants or coatings on wet concrete and other highly alkaline substrates

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a water-based polymer dispersion composition comprising more than 20% by weight of at least one water-dispersible polymer P based on the total composition, dispersed in water at a concentration of 40-80% by weight based on the dispersion of the water-dispersible polymer P, the at least one water-dispersible polymer P having a glass transition temperature Tg of <0° C., determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard, at least one surfactant, preferably a non-ionic surfactant, at least one dispersant, in particular a polymeric ammonium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid copolymer, and optionally at least one plasticizer PL having at least one ester or ether group, as an adhesive, sealant or coating applied on at least one alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, the alkaline substrate being ready-mixed concrete, ready-mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paint. The use of the present invention allows the sealing, adhesive bonding or coating of such highly alkaline substrates immediately after their deposition or production, while the applied polymer dispersions do not degrade or lose adhesion on these highly demanding substrates.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of adhesive, sealant or coating compositions on highly alkaline substrates selected from ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paints and to methods of applying such compositions on such substrates. [Background technology]

[0002] In particular, curable or dryable compositions based on polyurethanes or silane-modified polymers (SMPs) are often used as adhesives, sealants or coatings in the construction sector. Typical substrates for the application of such products are derived from cement-, lime- or silicate-bonded building materials, such as concrete or cement mortar. When these building materials have been applied or treated very recently and the substrates in the form of foundations, walls, screeds, undercoats, etc. are thus still raw, they have a significantly alkaline surface with a pH value of 10 or more, since the hydroxides present therein are not yet saturated with carbonates. Fresh concrete is also referred to as "young", or "never dried", or "wet". In this state, still highly alkaline substrates are very problematic for compositions applied thereon, since the high alkalinity and high water content of substrates that are not yet dried can severely affect the curing behavior or mechanical properties of compositions applied thereon. To protect the adhesive, sealant or coating composition from contact with alkaline surfaces, the substrate must be aged and thoroughly dried (which takes time) or otherwise pretreated before application of the composition, for example by neutralization with a fluorosilicic acid salt, such as a fluoridosilicate, or by sealing with a primer, such as an epoxy resin coating. However, in practice, this is often not done to save time and money. In the boundary layer, hydrolysis reactions of the constituents of the sealant, adhesive or coating composition can occur under alkaline conditions, which can not only result in a significantly impaired adhesion of the sealant, adhesive or coating composition on the substrate, but can also lead to troublesome odor generation, impaired curing or final performance, or even chemical decomposition of the composition. Among the sensitive compounds are the plasticizers present in particular in most compositions of this type, or the curing catalysts, or the binder polymer matrix itself. Typically used sensitive plasticizers are fatty alcohol dicarboxylates such as diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) or di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DOA).Its hydrolysis leads to the release of fatty alcohols, which have a very unpleasant odor and migrate into the pore structure of the substrate, from where they evaporate or are washed away into the environment, resulting in a musty odor over a long period of time. Such persistent and noxious odors are particularly observed in the case of the bonding of parquet on green cement screeds with elastic polyurethane or SMP adhesives. Hardening compositions, such as polyurethane or SMP, often also contain hardening catalysts that can be impaired by the high alkalinity of wet concrete and other such highly alkaline substrates. This can lead to slow or incomplete hardening of such compositions.

[0003] Thus, in the past, in order to properly use an adhesive, sealant or coating composition on a ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar, or quicklime or silicate paint substrate, it was necessary to apply the composition thereon and wait long enough for the substrate to dry and for its alkalinity to decrease so that a properly functioning adhesive, sealant or coating could be obtained on these substrates. For example, a typical polyurethane or silicone composition may require drying of the substrate for up to several weeks in order to properly and continuously adhere to such substrates and not show signs of decomposition. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Of course, it would thus be desirable to have an adhesive, sealant or coating composition which will properly cure or dry, adhere and not decompose, whilst still being able to be applied directly or after a much shorter waiting period of no more than a few days onto still highly alkaline and damp substrates including fresh concrete, fresh cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paints. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide the use of a defined composition as an adhesive, sealant or coating applied on at least one alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, the alkaline substrate being ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paint. Thus, such a composition suitable for this intended use is provided, which can be applied on such substrate within a very short time, for example within a few days, after deposition or production of the substrate, and which properly hardens or dries, adheres continuously to the substrate and shows no signs of decomposition of the composition itself or its constituents.

[0006] Surprisingly, it has been found that in such applications, the water-based compositions according to claim 1 can be used and provide the desired stability and working efficiency for a long time. When used as claimed in claim 1, they can be applied on alkaline and wet substrates only a few days or less after the substrate is fabricated, and even if they contain plasticizers, they still cure or dry easily and without signs of decomposition. Moreover, they show excellent long-lasting adhesion on these substrates.

[0007] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for sealing a joint, adhesively bonding two substrates, or coating a surface is provided.

[0008] Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Material names beginning with "poly" indicate materials that formally contain more than one of the functional groups appearing in their names per molecule. For example, polyol refers to a compound that has at least two hydroxyl groups. Polyether refers to a compound that has at least two ether groups.

[0010] The term "polymer" as used herein includes, on the one hand, a collection of chemically homogeneous macromolecules that differ in any way with respect to the degree of polymerization, the molar mass and the chain length, which collections have been prepared by polymerization reactions (chain-growth addition polymerization, free-radical polymerization, polyaddition, polycondensation). On the other hand, the term also includes derivatives of such collections of macromolecules from polymerization reactions, in other words compounds obtained, for example, by reactions, for example addition or substitution, of functional groups on existing macromolecules, and which may be chemically homogeneous or chemically non-homogeneous.

[0011] The "molecular weight" of an oligomer or polymer is referred to herein as the molecular weight average M, typically determined using GPC against polystyrene as the standard. n (number average).

[0012] The unit term "wt. %" means weight percent based on the weight of the respective total composition, unless otherwise specified. The terms "weight" and "mass" are used interchangeably throughout this specification.

[0013] All industry norms and standard practices mentioned herein refer to their most recent editions at the time of filing.

[0014] The term "(meth)acrylic" refers to methacrylic or acrylic. Thus, the term "(meth)acrylate" refers to methacrylate or acrylate.

[0015] The term "polyacrylate polymer" refers to a polymer resulting from the radical polymerization of two or more (meth)acrylate monomers. Copolymers of (meth)acrylate monomers and copolymers of (meth)acrylate monomers with other vinyl group-containing monomers are also included within the term "polyacrylate polymer." The terms "polyacrylate polymer," "polyacrylate," and "acrylate polymer" are used interchangeably.

[0016] The term "shelf life" refers to the period of time after which the dispersion composition has substantially coagulated, separated or settled such that it cannot be readily applied to the surface of a substrate as a uniform, homogenous film or bead.

[0017] The term "storage stable composition" refers to a composition that, when stored in a closed container, has a shelf life of greater than six months when stored at room temperature and 50% relative humidity (abbreviated "rh").

[0018] The term "room temperature" (abbreviated as "RT") refers to a temperature of 23°C.

[0019] The term "standard pressure" refers to an absolute pressure of 1 bar.

[0020] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a water-based polymer dispersion composition comprising: a) more than 20% by weight, based on the total composition, of at least one water-dispersible polymer P dispersed in water at a concentration of 40 to 80% by weight, based on the dispersion of the water-dispersible polymer P, and having a glass transition temperature T<0° C., determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard g at least one water-dispersible polymer P having b) at least one emulsifier, preferably a non-ionic emulsifier; c) at least one dispersant, in particular a polymeric ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid copolymer, and d) optionally at least one plasticizer PL having at least one ester or ether group; as an adhesive, sealant or coating applied onto at least one alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, the alkaline substrate being ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paint.

[0021] Alkaline substrates are green, which means incompletely carbonized substrates based on cement, lime (calcium hydroxide) and / or silicates (water glass). More specifically, alkaline substrates are ready-mix concrete, ready-mix cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paints. The term "green" is used in relation to these substrates as a synonym for the terms "young" or "never dried" or "wet" in the same context.

[0022] The pH of the water-wet alkaline substrate can be determined using pH indicator paper or a pH meter or indicator or any other suitable method for determining the pH of an aqueous alkaline solution.

[0023] Concrete or other alkaline substrate as described above is said to be "fresh" as long as it still produces an alkaline reaction with a pH of 10 or greater. The period during which concrete or other alkaline substrate in this context remains fresh depends on its setting time and the ambient temperature. The period typically varies within the range of 1 to 10 days.

[0024] The term "dispersion" refers to a physical state of matter that contains at least two distinct phases, a first phase distributed in a second phase, the second phase being a continuous medium. Preferably, the dispersion contains a solid phase dispersed as solid particles in a continuous liquid phase.

[0025] The term "aqueous polymer dispersion" refers to a polymer dispersion having water as the primary carrier. Preferably, "aqueous" refers to a 100% water carrier. Compounds designated PIB, ALK, or PL or common additives known to those skilled in the art of aqueous polymer dispersions are not considered carriers in this respect herein.

[0026] Preferably, the dispersion adhesive composition contains less than 5 wt. %, preferably less than 1 wt. %, of volatile organic compounds having a boiling point less than 150° C., based on the total weight of the dispersion adhesive composition.

[0027] The aqueous polymer dispersion comprises one or more water-dispersed polymers P, preferably radically polymerized polymers obtained from ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Preferably, such polymers are C1-C 20 - containing a main monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinyl aromatic compounds containing up to 20 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least two conjugated double bonds or mixtures of these monomers.

[0028] Preferably, the monomers of polymer P consist of more than 50% by weight of acrylic monomers. Acrylic monomers are defined herein to include (meth)acrylic acid, esters of (meth)acrylic acid, amides of (meth)acrylic acid and nitriles of (meth)acrylic acid. As ethylenically unsaturated monomers, acrylic ester monomers including methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate, acrylamide or substituted acrylamide, styrene or substituted styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate or other vinyl esters, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile may be used. Silicon-containing monomers may also be incorporated, preferably at levels of 0.01% to 6% by weight based on the weight of polymer P. Low levels of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids may be used, such as vinyltrialkoxysilanes including vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrialkoxysilanes including allyltrimethoxysilane, (meth)acryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes including methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, (meth)acryloxyalkylalkyldialkoxysilanes including methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, (meth)acryloxyalkoxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes including methacryloxyethoxyethyltrimethoxysilane, and mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes including mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0029] Suitable and preferred polymers P include, for example, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyurethane-acrylates, natural base polymers, carboxylated polystyrene-copolymers, carboxylated butadiene styrene copolymers, carboxylated butadiene rubbers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers (EBA), ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymers and polyolefin block copolymers.

[0030] The copolymers (meaning polymers made from more than one type of monomer) may be block type copolymers or random copolymers.

[0031] The polymers P can also be further functionalized, which means that they can contain further functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxy, anhydride, acrylate and / or glycidyl methacrylate groups.

[0032] Preferably, the water-dispersed polymer P contains the monomers and mixtures thereof further described above in an amount of 60 to 100%, more preferably 85 to 100%, most preferably 95 to 99.8% based on the weight of the polymer.

[0033] Preferred C1-C used in polymer P 20 -(Meth)acrylic acid alkyl is C1-C 12 (Meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters having alkyl groups include, for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Polymers P obtained by polymerization of mixtures of acrylic acid alkyl esters and (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters can be described as particularly suitable polymers P.

[0034] Suitable vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms include, for example, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl esters of tertiary saturated monocarboxylic acids, vinyl acetate, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0035] Suitable vinyl aromatic compounds include, for example, vinyl toluene, alpha- and p-methyl styrene, alpha-butyl styrene, 4-n-butyl styrene, 4-n-decyl styrene and styrene.Acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are presented as examples of suitable nitriles.

[0036] Suitable vinyl halides include, for example, ethylenically unsaturated compounds that are substituted with chlorine, fluorine or bromine, such as vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0037] For the preparation of suitable water-dispersed polymers P, there are further suitable non-aromatic hydrocarbons containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and at least two olefinic double bonds, such as butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.

[0038] Further monomers which may preferably be present in the water-dispersed polymer P in an amount of 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0 to 20% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, are in particular C1-C 10 - hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides and their derivatives substituted on the nitrogen by C1-C4-alkyl, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, their half esters and anhydrides, such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, maleic and fumaric acid half esters and itaconic acid.

[0039] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use or method according to the invention, said at least one water-dispersible polymer P is selected from poly(meth)acrylate polymers, styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymers and vinyl-acetate-(meth)acrylate copolymers.

[0040] In all embodiments of the use or method according to the invention, the at least one water-dispersed polymer P has a glass transition temperature T determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard of <0° C., in particular <−5° C., preferably <−10° C., more preferably <−20° C., most preferably <−30° C. g has.

[0041] Preferably, the at least one water-dispersible polymer P has a glass transition temperature (T ) of −60 to −5° C., more preferably −50 to −10° C., most preferably −40 to −10° C., determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard. g ).

[0042] The term "glass transition temperature" refers to the temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the above mentioned ISO 11357 standard, above which the polymer component becomes soft and pliable, below which it becomes hard and glassy. The measurement can be performed on a Mettler Toledo 822e instrument with a heating rate of 2°C / min. g The value can be determined from a DSC curve measured with the aid of DSC software.

[0043] Suitable water-dispersible polymers P preferably have a number average molecular weight (M) in the range of 5,000 to 200,000 g / mol, preferably 25,000 to 200,000 g / mol, most preferably 50,000 to 200,000 g / mol. n Suitable water-dispersible polymers P have a weight average molecular weight (M) in the range of 50,000 to 800,000 g / mol, preferably 100,000 to 800,000 g / mol, most preferably 150,000 to 800,000 g / mol. w ).

[0044] Preferably, the at least one water-dispersible polymer P has a number average molecular weight (M n ) and a weight average molecular weight (M w ).

[0045] The number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight can be determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as the standard in a solution of the polymer in tetrahydrofuran.

[0046] The water-dispersed polymer P can be prepared by radical polymerization using the mass, solution, suspension or emulsion polymerization techniques known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the polymer is obtained by solution polymerization followed by dispersion in water or, in particular, emulsion polymerization, to obtain an aqueous polymer dispersion.

[0047] According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the aqueous polymer dispersion comprises one or more polyacrylate polymers as polymer P. Preferably, the aqueous polymer dispersion is an aqueous polyacrylate dispersion in which the amount of other polymers than polyacrylates is less than 5.0 wt.-%, preferably less than 2.5 wt.-%, most preferably less than 1.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion.

[0048] Suitable polyacrylate dispersions and methods for their preparation are described, for example, in EP 0 490 191 A2, DE 198 01 892 A1 and EP 0 620 243 A1.

[0049] Suitable commercially available aqueous polyacrylate dispersions of the preferred polymer P are Acronal® S410, Acronal® V278, Acronal® DS5017, Acronal® 290D, Acronal® A323, Acronal® A378, Acronal® 380, Acronal® S559, Acronal® S790, Acronal® 5036 ... Examples of suitable fluoropolymers include Primal® E-3362, Primal® 5047 (from BASF), Airflex® EAF 60 and Airflex® EAF 67 (from APP), Mowilith® DM1340 (from Celanese), Primal® CA162, Primal® E-3362, Primal® 2620, Primal® 928ER, Primal® CA172, Rhoplex® 4400 and Rhoplex® A920 (from Dow Chemical), Plextol® D310 (from Synthomer), Vinnapas® EP17, Vinnapas® 240HD and Vinnapas® EAF68 (from Wacker).

[0050] The aqueous polymer dispersions containing preferred embodiments of polymer P can comprise two or more different polyacrylate polymers as polymer P having different glass transition temperatures and different monomer compositions. The aqueous polymer dispersions containing two or more different polyacrylate polymers can be prepared by mixing commercially available polyacrylate dispersions such as those mentioned above.

[0051] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use or method according to the invention, the at least one polymer P contained in the water-based polymer dispersion composition represents at least 22 wt.-%, preferably at least 25 wt.-%, more preferably at least 28 wt.-% and most preferably at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0052] The water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the uses and methods of the present invention preferably further comprises at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB, which is liquid at 23° C. and standard pressure.

[0053] The term "liquid" is used herein to mean that the material being described is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume regardless of pressure.

[0054] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use or method according to the invention, the at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB is present in the water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the use and method according to the invention in a total amount of 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 wt.-%, more preferably 1.5 to 4.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0055] All polyolefin oligomers that are liquid under the above specified conditions are suitable for the purposes of the present invention. The term "polyolefin" includes all polymers obtained from the polymerization of olefin monomers, such as 1-ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene and higher olefins and mixtures thereof. Preferred monomers include C4 unsaturated monomers, such as 1-butylene and isobutylene, which may be used as mixtures.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB comprises or consists of a polybutene oligomer and / or a polyisobutylene oligomer, most preferred being a polyisobutylene oligomer.

[0057] Suitable and preferred polyisobutylene oligomers for use as the polyolefin oligomer PIB include Glissopal® V190, Glissopal® V230, Glissopal® V500, Glissopal® V640, Glissopal® V700 and Glissopal® V1500 (BASF) and Indopol® L-8, Indopol® H-100 and Indopol® H-2100 (INEOS) and Polybut® 150 (KEMAT).

[0058] The water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the uses and methods of the present invention preferably comprises at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes which is liquid at 23°C and standard pressure and has a boiling point of at least 150°C, in particular >200°C, preferably >250°C, more preferably >300°C, most preferably >350°C.

[0059] The term "liquid" is used herein to mean that the described substance is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume regardless of pressure.

[0060] Preferably, the boiling point of the at least one hydrogenated mixture of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes ALK is >200°C, preferably >250°C, more preferably >300°C, most preferably >350°C.

[0061] The at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes preferably comprises alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes based on the C10 to C30 fraction, preferably on the C12 to C25 fraction, more preferably on the C13 to C23 fraction.

[0062] The at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes preferably comprises aromatic compounds (hydrocarbons having an aromatic moiety), such as substituted or unsubstituted benzene and substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, in an amount of <1% by weight, preferably <0.5% by weight, more preferably <0.1% by weight.

[0063] Suitable as at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes are, for example, Hydrosesal® G400H, Hydrosesal® G280H, Hydrosesal® G3H (TOTAL).

[0064] Preferably, the at least one hydrogenated mixture of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes ALK is present in the water-based polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 wt.-%, most preferably 1.5 to 4.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0065] The water-based polymer dispersion compositions used in the uses and methods of the present invention preferably contain at least one filler.

[0066] Fillers affect the rheological properties and also the mechanical properties of the uncured composition and the surface properties of the fully cured composition.Suitable fillers are inorganic and organic fillers, such as natural, powdered or precipitated chalk (completely or mainly composed of calcium carbonate), which are optionally coated with fatty acids, more particularly stearic acid; barium sulfate (BaSO4, also called barite or barite), calcined kaolin, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, silica, especially finely divided silica from pyrolysis process, carbon black, especially industrially produced carbon black, titanium dioxide, PVC powder or hollow beads.Preferred fillers are calcium carbonate, calcined kaolin, carbon black, finely divided silica and flame retardant fillers, such as hydroxides or hydrates, especially hydroxides or hydrates of aluminum, preferably aluminum hydroxide.

[0067] It is entirely possible, and even may be advantageous, to use mixtures of different fillers.

[0068] Highly preferred as a filler for the compositions of the invention is chalk (calcium carbonate). Particularly preferred is uncoated chalk, most preferably uncoated powdered chalk available, for example, under the name Omyacarb® 40GU (Omya AG, Switzerland).

[0069] The type and amount of filler is not particularly limited in the present invention. Examples of suitable fillers include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium containing minerals such as limestone, calcite, chalk, dolomite, wollastonite, gypsum, phosphate rock, and mixtures thereof.

[0070] The term "filler" refers to a solid particulate material in the present disclosure that is generally used as a filler in water-based polymer dispersion compositions and has low water solubility.Preferably, the filler has a water solubility of less than 0.1 g / 100 g water at a temperature of 20° C., more preferably less than 0.05 g / 100 g water, and most preferably less than 0.01 g / 100 g water.

[0071] Preferably, the filler has a median particle size d in the range of 1.0 to 100.0 μm, more preferably 1.0 to 60.0 μm, and most preferably 2.0 to 50.0 μm. 50 has.

[0072] The term “median grain size d 50 " means, in this disclosure, below which 50% of all particles by volume are d 50 This refers to a particle size smaller than the value.

[0073] The term "particle size" refers to the area-equivalent spherical diameter of a particle. Particle size distribution can be measured by laser diffraction by methods such as those described in standard ISO13320:2009. For measuring particle size distribution, a Mastersizer2000 instrument (trademark of Malvern Instruments Ltd, GB) can be used.

[0074] Preferably, the one or more fillers are present in the water-based polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 10.0 to 60.0 wt%, preferably 20.0 to 60.0 wt%, and most preferably 40.0 to 60.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0075] In the same or a different preferred embodiment, the filler preferably comprises chalk and / or dolomite.

[0076] According to one or more embodiments, particularly when the intended use of the polymer dispersion composition is as a coating, the water content of the polymer dispersion composition is from 10 to 70 wt. %, preferably from 15 to 60 wt. %, and most preferably from 20 to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0077] According to one or more embodiments, particularly when the intended use of the polymer dispersion composition is as a joint sealant or adhesive, the water content of the polymer dispersion composition is from 5 to 45 wt. %, preferably from 10 to 35 wt. %, and most preferably from 12 to 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0078] According to one or more embodiments, the polymer dispersion composition has a solids content of 40-95% by weight, preferably 50-90% by weight, and most preferably 65-85% by weight.

[0079] As used herein, the solids content refers to that portion of the aqueous polymer dispersion composition that does not volatilize when heated to a temperature of 105° C. at 1 atmosphere for 1 hour. Thus, the solids content refers to the polymeric materials, non-volatile plasticizers, inorganic solids, and non-volatile organic materials, while the non-solid portion generally consists of water and any organic materials that are readily volatilized at 105° C.

[0080] According to one or more embodiments, the weight ratio of water to polymer P in the polymer dispersion composition is from 3:2 to 1:4, preferably from 1:1 to 1:3, and most preferably from 9:11 to 3:7.

[0081] According to one or more embodiments, the water-dispersed polymer P is present in the polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 21.0 to 65.0 wt. %, preferably 25.0 to 55.0 wt. %, and most preferably 30.0 to 45.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0082] The water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the uses and methods of the present invention optionally and preferably contains one or more plasticizers PL having at least one ester or ether group. The amount of plasticizer PL depends on the intended application and the polymer P used. Very low T g A very soft polymer P having a T of, for example, −60° C. does not necessarily require the addition of a plasticizer PL or functions with a very small amount of it. gWhen using a polymer P having a viscosity of, for example, −10° C., the use of a higher amount of plasticizer PL is preferably recommended.

[0083] The one or more plasticizers PL having at least one ester or ether group are preferably used in the water-based polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 0.5 to 30.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 20 wt.-%, in particular 2.5 to 15.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0084] Suitable plasticizers PL are liquid or solid inert organic substances with a low vapor pressure, preferably with a boiling point measured at standard pressure above 200° C. The plasticizers may be selected from the group consisting of adipic and sebacic acid plasticizers, phosphoric acid plasticizers, citric acid plasticizers, fatty acid esters and epoxidized fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, benzoates and phthalates or esters of 1,2-dicarboxycyclohexane.

[0085] Suitable fatty acid esters include alkyl esters of fatty acids containing more than 14 or more than 16 carbon atoms, such as the alkyl esters of lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid and mixtures thereof. Suitable as fatty alcohols are the alcohols of the abovementioned fatty acids, which can be obtained, for example, from the fatty acids or their esters by using processes known to those skilled in the art.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the plasticizer PL carrying at least one ester or ether group is selected from phthalates, cyclohexane esters or benzoates.

[0087] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use or method according to the invention, said plasticizer PL is a phthalate or a hydrogenated phthalate, preferably 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester.

[0088] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use or method according to the invention, the water-based polymer dispersion composition comprises at least one plasticizer PL as described above, and / or at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB as described above, and / or at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes as described above, wherein the total amount of the combined amounts of polyolefin oligomer PIB, hydrogenated mixture ALK and plasticizer PL in the composition before drying is 0-20% by weight, preferably 3-15% by weight, more preferably 5-10% by weight, based on the total water-based polymer dispersion composition.

[0089] The water-based polymer dispersion compositions used in the uses and methods of the present invention further comprise at least one surfactant, preferably a non-ionic surfactant, which is required in the uses or methods of the present invention to ensure uniformity of the composition and sufficient wetting of the substrate prior to application.

[0090] Suitable surfactants include anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants, but preferably nonionic or anionic surfactants, most preferably nonionic surfactants, are used. Generally, the amount of surfactant used ranges from 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0091] Suitable and preferred nonionic surfactants include polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol, ethylene oxide condensates and reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine, ethylene oxide condensates of fatty alcohols, long-chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary phosphine oxides, fatty acid ethoxylates and long-chain dialkyl sulfoxides. Useful anionic surfactants include those obtained by alkylating aromatic nuclei, sulfonating the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons thus obtained and neutralizing the sulfonation product. Alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as dodecylbenzene sulfonates, are typical of this class. Fatty alcohol sulfates are also useful as surfactants. Preferred are fatty acid ethoxylates.

[0092] The water-based polymer dispersion compositions used in the uses and methods of the present invention further comprise at least one dispersant, in particular a polymeric ammonium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid copolymer, which is required to ensure the stability of the dispersion, especially when large amounts of polymer P and / or fillers are used.

[0093] Suitable dispersants include all dispersants commonly used in the field of water-based polymer dispersion compositions, but preferably nonionic or anionic surfactants are used, most preferably polymeric ammonium salts of carboxylic acid copolymers. These types of dispersants have a particularly high compatibility with the preferred polymer P and show particularly good dispersion stability. In general, the amount of dispersant used ranges from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0094] The water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the use and method of the present invention may further comprise one or more tackifiers.Examples of suitable tackifiers may include hydrocarbon resins or hydrogenated products thereof, rosins or hydrogenated products thereof, rosin esters or hydrogenated products thereof, terpene resins or hydrogenated products thereof, terpene phenolic resins or hydrogenated products thereof, and polymerized rosin or polymerized rosin esters or acrylic liquid resins.

[0095] The water-based polymer dispersion composition used in the uses and methods of the present invention may also contain one or more further additives, such as wetting agents, emulsifiers, thickeners, defoamers, flame retardants, stabilizers, colorants, antioxidants, UV absorbers and / or biocides. Such further additives commonly used in water-based dispersion additives are known to those skilled in the art.

[0096] Suitable antifoaming agents are preferably compounds based on mineral oil or silicone. Suitable thickeners include compounds based on (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, cellulose derivatives, mineral thickeners such as clays, silica or mixtures thereof.

[0097] Biocides (preservatives) may be added to the polymer dispersion composition according to the present invention in an amount of up to 2% by weight, preferably between 0.2% and 1.8% by weight, more preferably between 0.4% and 1.5% by weight of biocide relative to the total polymer dispersion composition.

[0098] Generally, any known type of biocide, also referred to as a preservative, can be used in the compositions of the present invention.

[0099] Suitable as preservatives are the customary preservatives, such as benzoisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT).

[0100] According to one or more embodiments, the total amount of further additives is preferably 0-15.0 wt.%, more preferably 0-10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0101] The polymer dispersion composition can be prepared by mixing the components together at room temperature. Any suitable mixing equipment can be used for the preparation of the polymer dispersion composition.

[0102] When used as adhesives, the polymer dispersion compositions are particularly suitable for bonding and sealing applications on alkaline substrates in the construction industry, especially for bonding parquet on green cement screeds or bonding components on green concrete.

[0103] When used as a sealant, the polymer dispersion composition is particularly suitable for sealing joints, seams or voids in alkaline substrates during construction, especially expansion or connection joints between components.

[0104] When used as coatings, the polymer dispersion compositions are particularly suitable for the protection of alkaline substrates, in particular floors or walls, in particular as coatings for balconies, terraces, open spaces, bridges, parking levels or for sealing roofs, in particular flat roofs or slightly sloping roof areas or roof gardens or for water sealing in the interior of buildings, for example under tiles or ceramic plates in plumbing units or kitchens or as floor coverings in kitchens, industrial buildings or production spaces or as seals in collection tanks, channels, shafts, silos, tanks or wastewater treatment plants.

[0105] The polymer dispersion compositions are particularly suitable for sealing joints or coating alkaline substrates having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, including ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar, or quicklime or silicate paints, however, the polymer dispersion compositions are also suitable for other substrates commonly found in construction, such as wood, metals and alloys, dry mineral or concrete substrates, natural stone, and other substrates commonly found in construction.

[0106] The polymer dispersion composition according to the present invention is preferably poured onto the surface of a test specimen in the form of a disk having a diameter of 4.2 mm and a height of 5 mm, when the test specimen is turned 180° after adding the sand and placed on the sand-covered side, and dried in air at 23° C. and 50% rh, the amount of quartz sand (particle size between 0.7 mm and 1.2 mm) having a tack of 0 (zero) grams after drying in air with 50% relative humidity for 28 d is used to determine said tack.

[0107] The water-based polymer dispersion compositions used in the uses and methods of the present invention preferably exhibit, after drying in air for 28 d with 50% relative humidity at 23° C., a Shore A hardness of less than 50, in particular 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 35, more preferably 15 to 30, most preferably 15 to 25. The Shore A hardness is most preferably about 20.

[0108] According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of sealing a joint between two substrates and / or coating a surface of a substrate and / or adhesively bonding two substrates, the method comprising: i) applying a water-based polymer dispersion composition as further described above into the joint between two substrates and / or onto the surfaces of the substrates to form a wet film of the composition thereon; ii) optionally bonding a second substrate to the first substrate such that the wet film on the first substrate contacts the second substrate or both wet films on both substrates contact each other to create a bond therebetween; iii) exposing the wet sealant in the filled joints and / or the wet film of sealant on the surfaces to air until the joint sealant and / or the surface film are dry. wherein at least one of the substrate surfaces onto which the wet composition is applied comprises an alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, said alkaline substrate being ready mixed concrete, ready mixed cement mortar, quicklime mortar, or quicklime or silicate paint.

[0109] All embodiments of the water-based polymer dispersion composition described for use in the present invention, in particular also the preferred embodiments of the water-based polymer dispersion composition or its components or properties, apply to the inventive method described herein.

[0110] Concrete and other hydraulic binder compositions are commonly applied to the mold in liquid form and first allowed to harden, after which the mold is removed. At this point, the concrete begins to harden, but is still "wet" and highly alkaline on the surface. Only after demolding can the excess water evaporate and final drying occur. Conventional hardenable compositions of the state of the art, such as those discussed in the introduction to this specification, are usually applied several weeks after demolding of the concrete to ensure adequate drying and low surface alkalinity.

[0111] Further in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention as described above, the water-based polymer dispersion composition is applied onto the alkaline substrate either in its wet, uncured form or within 10 days, preferably within 8 days, more preferably within 5 days, most preferably within 3 days after the substrate is first moulded, e.g. concrete, and demolded. Most preferably, the water-based dispersion composition is applied onto the substrate 1 to 3 days after the still alkaline substrate is applied or demolded.

[0112] In a preferred such embodiment, the water-based polymer dispersion composition is applied onto the demolded concrete substrate, preferably onto the surface thereof that was covered by the form prior to demolding.

[0113] The polymer dispersion composition can be applied onto the surface of the substrate using, for example, a serrated trowel or a roller. EXAMPLES

[0114] The present invention is further illustrated in the following experimental part, which should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention. The proportions and percentages shown are by weight unless otherwise stated. Thus, "wt.%" means weight percent based on the weight of the total composition shown in each case. "RT" means room temperature or ambient temperature, and describes a temperature of 23°C. The abbreviation "rh" or "rh%" means the relative humidity (%) of the ambient air in a given example or test method.

[0115] Test Method The adhesion properties (failure mode) were determined by bead adhesion test at 23°C according to DIN EN ISO21194 on wet (green) concrete samples of different ages. One series of tests was carried out on wet concrete 24 hours after demolding, a second series was carried out 3 days after demolding of wet concrete, and a third series was carried out 6 days after demolding of wet concrete. The adhesion samples of the tested polymer dispersion compositions were dried at room temperature for 28 days. The second series of samples was dried in the same way, but subjected to an additional 7 days of water immersion (28d RT, plus 7 days H2O). The third series of samples was again subjected to a temperature of 40°C for an additional 7 days, after which the adhesion was evaluated (28d RT, plus 7 days H2O, plus 7d 40°C). The adhesion properties in Tables 6-9 are rated 1-5, where 1 is the best adhesion (100% cohesive failure) and 5 is the worst adhesion (100% adhesive failure). Increasing numbers in between, 2 to 4, show adhesion profiles with increasing adhesive failure patterns and therefore worsening adhesive properties.

[0116] Generation of concrete substrate: Adhesion was tested on green cement mortar prisms produced as follows: A series of different wet concrete samples C-1 to C-5 were prepared for use as substrates in the adhesion tests. The exact composition of each concrete sample is listed in Table 1.

[0117] For all preparations, a dry mix was first created by mixing all solid components (eg, cement, sand, fillers, etc.) until visually uniform.

[0118] The liquid mixture was then prepared by mixing all the liquid components, including the water, into a homogenous liquid mixture.

[0119] The liquid mixture was then added to the dry mix with manual stirring until a uniform viscous mixture was obtained.

[0120] The resulting homogenous concrete mixture was then poured into a silicone mold lined with PTFE foil, with each fresh concrete sample having final dimensions of 14.5 cm x 14.5 cm x 1 cm and weighing approximately 100 g.

[0121] The samples were then stored under standard climatic conditions.

[0122] After 24 hours, the hardened but still green concrete substrate samples were removed from the moulds and partially scrubbed on the outside with a steel brush to remove dust. Test polymer dispersion compositions as described below were applied to the green (wet) mortar prisms thus prepared and demoulded after the waiting times specified above (24h, 3d or 6d under standard climatic conditions, i.e. 23°C and 50% rh).

[0123] [Table 1]

[0124] Ingredients for the Example Water-Based Polymer Dispersion Compositions The ingredients used for the example polymer dispersion compositions and their descriptions in terms of important properties are shown in Table 2.

[0125] [Table 2]

[0126] Example Compositions Several inventive and non-inventive (reference) polymer dispersion compositions were prepared from the ingredients in Table 2 using the following procedures.

[0127] Mixing Procedure All example compositions were prepared in a laboratory mixer using the following procedure: a) Adjustment of the pH of Acronal V278 acrylic dispersion or VAc-EHA dispersion to pH 8 by using caustic soda (25 wt % NaOH in water). b) Addition of liquid ingredients except acrylic thickener. c) Addition of powdered ingredients in several steps, each punctuated by stirring. After addition of all powders, allow powders to disperse for 10 minutes. d) Addition of acrylate thickeners. e) Mixing under vacuum and filling the formulation into cartridges. f) Store the cartridges at 23° C. and 50% rh for at least 24 hours before commencing the test procedure.

[0128] Composition details of the examples Several non-inventive reference (designated "R") and inventive (designated "I") example compositions were made from the ingredients in Table 1 by the mixing procedure detailed above. The composition and relative amounts (wt%) of the ingredients are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0129] [Table 3]

[0130] [Table 4]

[0131] Other Reference Compositions Additional reference sealants or adhesives were used in some of the test protocols. These reference compositions are commercially available products based on different chemically cured matrix polymers. They are listed in Table 5 below.

[0132] [Table 5]

[0133] Test results of adhesion tests on different wet concrete samples The results of the test methods used on each example composition are detailed in Tables 6 to 9. The term "RT" refers to storage of applied samples of the test composition on wet concrete under standard climatic conditions (23°C, 50% relative air humidity) for the time indicated in days ("d"). "40°C" refers to storage in an oven at 40°C. "H2O" refers to storage submerged in water.

[0134] [Table 6]

[0135] The results in Table 6 show that the compositions I1 to I4 and I7 according to the invention show significantly better adhesion on wet concrete than the reference compositions R5 and R8. Reference composition R6, which had too low a content of polymer P (13% by weight based on the total composition), set and could not be used in the test protocol.

[0136] [Table 7]

[0137] The results in Table 7 show that softer compositions (having higher amounts of plasticizer) provide favorable improvements in adhesion and adhesion stability, especially after water storage and subsequent heat storage.

[0138] [Table 8]

[0139] [Table 9]

[0140] The results in Tables 8 and 9 show that only the water-based polymer dispersion composition according to the present invention provides sufficient and lasting adhesion on wet concrete. Sealant based on other cure chemistries including polyurethane, organosilane modified polymer and silicone cannot function as adhesively stable sealant on wet concrete. This is true for both untreated and mechanically surface treated concrete surfaces.

[0141] Further reference compositions Several further non-inventive reference (designated "R") example compositions were made from the ingredients in Table 1 by the mixing procedures detailed above.

[0142] These reference compositions have T values ​​that are too high to be suitable for use according to the present invention. g A dispersion of a polymer exhibiting a thermal stability (>0° C.) is used.

[0143] The composition and relative amounts (wt%) of the raw materials are shown in Table 10.

[0144] [Table 10]

[0145] Compositions R19 to R23 were subsequently tested on wet concrete with the above protocol and are shown in Table 6. The results of these adhesion tests are shown in Table 11.

[0146] [Table 11]

[0147] The data in Table 11 are for T above 0°C. g This indicates that compositions based on polymers having the formula

Claims

1. 1. A water-based polymer dispersion composition comprising: (a) more than 20% by weight, based on the total composition, of at least one water-dispersed polymer P, dispersed in water at a concentration of 40 to 80% by weight, based on the dispersion of the water-dispersed polymer P, said at least one water-dispersed polymer P having a glass transition temperature T<0° C., determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard; ｇ At least one water-dispersed polymer P having (b) at least one surfactant, preferably a nonionic surfactant; (c) at least one dispersant, particularly a polymeric ammonium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid copolymer, and (d) optionally at least one plasticizer PL having at least one ester or ether group, 1. Use of a water-based polymer dispersion composition comprising the formula: as an adhesive, sealant or coating applied onto at least one alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, said alkaline substrate being fresh concrete, fresh cement mortar, quicklime mortar or quicklime or silicate paint.

2. 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein said at least one water-dispersible polymer P is selected from poly(meth)acrylate polymers, styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymers and vinyl-acetate-(meth)acrylate copolymers.

3. Said at least one water-dispersed polymer P has a glass transition temperature T, determined by DSC according to the ISO 11357 standard, of <-5°C, preferably <-10°C, more preferably <-20°C, most preferably <-30°C. ｇ 3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, having the formula:

4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-based polymer dispersion composition is liquid at 23°C and standard pressure and further comprises at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB, preferably selected from polybutene and / or polyisobutylene.

5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-based polymer dispersion composition further comprises at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes having a boiling point of at least 150°C that is liquid at 23°C and standard pressure.

6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of said at least one polymer P contained in said water-based polymer dispersion composition is at least 22 wt-%, preferably at least 25 wt-%, more preferably at least 28 wt-%, most preferably at least 30 wt-%, based on the total weight of said water-based polymer dispersion composition.

7. 7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said water-based polymer dispersion composition exhibits a Shore A hardness of less than 50 after drying in air at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 28 d.

8. 8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition further comprises at least one filler in an amount of 40 to 60% by weight based on the total composition, said filler preferably comprising chalk and / or dolomite.

9. 5. Use according to claim 4, wherein said at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB is present in said water-based polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 wt.-%, more preferably 1.5 to 4.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of said water-based polymer dispersion composition.

10. 6. Use according to claim 5, wherein said at least one hydrogenated mixture of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes ALK is present in said water-based polymer dispersion composition in a total amount of 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 wt.-%, most preferably 1.5 to 4.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of said water-based polymer dispersion composition.

11. 11. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the water-based polymer dispersion composition comprises at least one plasticizer PL and / or at least one polyolefin oligomer PIB and / or at least one hydrogenated mixture ALK of alkanes, isoalkanes and / or cycloalkanes, and the total amount of the combined amounts of polyolefin oligomer PIB, hydrogenated mixture ALK and plasticizer PL in the composition before drying is 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight, based on the total water-based polymer dispersion composition.

12. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plasticizer PL is a phthalate or a hydrogenated phthalate, preferably 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester.

13. 1. A method for sealing a joint between two substrates and / or coating a surface of a substrate and / or adhesively bonding two substrates, comprising the steps of: (i) applying a water-based polymer dispersion composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 into said joint between two substrates and / or onto the surfaces of the substrates to form a wet film of the composition thereon; (ii) optionally bonding a second substrate to the first substrate, whereby the wet film on the first substrate is in contact with the second substrate, or both wet films on both substrates are in contact with each other, creating a bond therebetween; (iii) exposing the wet sealant in the filled joints and / or the wet film of the sealant on the surfaces to air until the joint sealant and / or surface film are dry; wherein at least one of the substrate surfaces onto which the wet composition is applied comprises an alkaline substrate having a pH of at least 10 when wetted with water, the alkaline substrate being fresh concrete, fresh cement mortar, quicklime mortar, or quicklime or silicate paint.

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the water-based polymer dispersion composition is applied onto the alkaline substrate within 10 days, preferably within 8 days, more preferably within 5 days, and most preferably within 3 days after the alkaline substrate itself is applied or produced in a wet uncured form or demolded.

15. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the water-based polymer dispersion composition is applied onto a demolded concrete substrate, preferably onto the surface thereof covered by the mould before demolding.

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