Smart Socket Device and Electrical Safety System

Abstract

A smart socket device is described that includes a socket configured to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance, a mains current connector for connecting to a mains power cable, a PCB with a conductor configured to pass electrical current through the conductor between the mains current connector and the electrical plug during use, a thermal sensor configured to detect a surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB, a processor configured to communicate with the thermal sensor and determine when the detected surface temperature of the conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold, and a communication link configured to communicate with a remote device. The invention also includes an electrical safety system that includes a smart socket device configured to communicate with one or more remote devices. The invention also includes a safety module for insertion into the electrical socket device and a safety module for insertion into the smart socket device.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a smart socket device for detecting the presence of a hazard and to a system of multiple interconnected smart socket devices for detecting and responding to hazards. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the risk of fire due to faulty home appliances has become a growing concern. It has been reported that 70% of accidental residential fires are caused by electrical equipment and power supplies. Many of these fires are due to small electrical surges or changes in ambient conditions that could be mitigated if detected and addressed at an early stage. Thus, in an era where an increasing percentage of household devices require constant electrical connectivity, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of users and residents of the home that utilize such devices.

[0003] One approach is to consider the effects of fire (smoke, CO, CO 2 The primary approach is to install sensors within the home that detect parameters indicative of the presence of fire-related substances (such as toxic substances, chemicals, or harmful gases). These sensors can sense a fire hazard and sound an alarm to warn nearby residents. However, in many cases, by the time such indications are identified, a fire has already begun and it is too late to completely prevent damage and eliminate the hazard to the building's occupants. Furthermore, such approaches are not always guaranteed to attract the attention of nearby residents, and such systems have been shown to not dramatically reduce the occurrence of fires within the home. Furthermore, when the residents of a home are absent, there is often no way for them to know what is happening within the home, and it may be weeks before the residents actually learn about the detected parameters and the potentially devastating effects of the fire.

[0004] An additional consideration is that as urban populations grow, more people live in collective housing, such as purpose-built apartment buildings. Some collective housing units may choose to employ a "walking watch" service, whereby staff manually patrol the building, detect fires and raise alarms if necessary. However, such services are expensive and inefficient. Furthermore, if only the communal alarm is activated, it can be difficult for both residents and emergency services to identify the source of the hazard.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a system that can detect potential fire risks early and prevent or mitigate the effects of detected fire risks. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A smart socket according to the present invention comprises a socket configured to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance, a mains connector for connection to a mains power cable, a PCB having a conductor arranged such that, in use, an electrical current flows through the conductor between the mains connector and the electrical plug, a thermal sensor configured to detect a surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB, a processor in communication with the thermal sensor and configured to determine when the detected surface temperature of the conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold, and a communications link configured to communicate with a remote device.

[0007] A "PCB conductor" is a conductive element of a PCB in a smart socket device that preferably forms part of a conduction path for electrical current between a receptacle that contacts an electrical plug during use and a terminal configured to connect the smart socket to the rest of an electrical power network. In a preferred example, the PCB conductor is a portion of conductive material that is intentionally left exposed and placed on the PCB for surface temperature measurement. It may be a planar portion of conductive material, e.g., a trace on the PCB, that may be introduced into a circuit specifically for surface temperature measurement or may form part of an existing electrical current path. In a preferred example, the PCB conductor may be constructed of known material and / or dimensions such that other electrical properties may be inferred from the surface temperature measurement without the need for additional sensors.

[0008] By detecting the surface temperature of the PCB conductors and identifying when the surface temperature of the conductors exceeds a predetermined threshold, a smart socket device in accordance with the present invention can identify potential hazards at an earlier stage than conventional electrical hazard detection methods. Advantageously, by taking measurements of the surface temperature of the PCB conductors rather than the plug housing or protrusions, the material and geometry of the temperature measurement site is independent of any electrical equipment plugged into the socket, thereby improving surface temperature detection accuracy and consistency.

[0009] The thermal sensor is configured to detect the surface temperature of the conductors of the PCB, but is equally capable of detecting the presence of a flame.

[0010] The processor may be configured to determine when the surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB displays a behavior indicative of a potential electrical hazard. For example, it may be configured to determine when the temperature gradient across the surface of the conductor of the PCB exceeds a particular level, when the surface temperature distribution across the conductor of the PCB exhibits a particular behavior, or when the rate of change of the surface temperature exhibits a particular behavior. The processor may use machine learning algorithms and may be trained to identify such behavior indicative of a particular hazard. The smart socket device may further include a memory configured to hold data regarding the surface temperature behavior of the conductor associated with a particular hazard, and the processor is configured to receive the surface temperature data of the conductor from the thermal sensor and compare it to the data stored in the memory to determine the presence of the hazard. The processor may be configured to determine the presence of the hazard based on the output of the thermal sensor in combination with one or more sensors, for example, the machine learning algorithm may determine the presence of the hazard based on the output of the combination of sensors, in particular the temperature of the conductor detected by the thermal sensor in combination with the measured current passing through the conductor detected by the current sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the thermal sensor of the smart socket device may be configured to provide a non-contact measurement of the temperature of the conductors of the PCB during use. This provides a more accurate means of identifying temperature and avoids the need for the sensor to be precisely positioned in contact with the conductors of the PCB, which may become misaligned slightly over the life of the device, resulting in ineffective measurements.

[0012] Preferably, the thermal sensor is an infrared sensor. The infrared sensor may for example be a photon detector, a pyroelectric detector or a thermopile detector. Examples of such sensors are pyrometers and infrared thermal imaging sensors. In particular, preferably, the thermal sensor is an infrared camera comprising an array of thermopile detector pixels. In this way, a very accurate reading of the surface temperature can be determined so as to reliably identify the hazard. The use of thermal images allows the distribution and variation of the temperature to be measured, allowing more information to be collected in order to provide a more reliable identification of electrical hazards at an earlier stage.

[0013] Preferably, the thermal sensor is equipped with a lens that provides a wide field of view, for example between 30 and 90 degrees, preferably about 60 degrees.

[0014] In other examples, a thermal sensor of the smart socket device may be configured to contact-measure the temperature of the conductors of the PCB during use. Examples of such thermal sensors include NTC thermistors, PTC thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, and semiconductor-based sensors. In these examples, the temperature sensor may be configured to contact or otherwise thermally coupled to the surface of the conductors of the PCB to measure the surface temperature.

[0015] Preferably, the conductors of the smart socket device include conductive tracks extending across a face of the PCB, and the thermal sensor is arranged to face the conductive tracks. In particular, the smart socket device may comprise a first PCB and a second PCB including a thermal sensor, the conductive tracks being arranged on a face of the first PCB, and the first and second PCBs being arranged such that the thermal sensor of the second PCB faces the conductive tracks on the first PCB. More specifically, the first PCB may be arranged between the socket and the second PCB, the first PCB including a first face facing the socket and a second opposing face facing the second PCB, and the conductive tracks being arranged on the second face. This provides a compact arrangement for implementing temperature sensing without substantially increasing the dimensions of the smart socket device. It also allows for retrofitting to existing smart sockets.

[0016] The conductor is preferably a planar conductor or includes a planar portion disposed on a face of the (first) PCB.

[0017] Alternatively or additionally, the conductors of the smart socket comprise connectors arranged to contact pins of the electrical plug when received in the socket.

[0018] Both of the above conductor arrangements provide a fixed area of ​​current-carrying material inside the smart socket device, so that the thermal sensor can reliably detect the surface temperature of the conductor without being affected by the external environment.

[0019] Preferably, the socket is configured to receive a plug comprising a live pin and a neutral pin, the PCB comprises a live conductor configured to conduct current between a live main wire and the live pin, and a neutral conductor configured to conduct current between a main neutral wire and the neutral pin, and the thermal sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the live conductor and / or the neutral conductor. In particular, the smart socket device may comprise a first thermal sensor configured to measure a temperature of the live conductor and a second thermal sensor configured to measure a temperature of the neutral conductor.

[0020] Preferably, the smart socket device further comprises a housing, the socket being provided on a surface of the housing, and the PCB and the thermal sensor being disposed within the housing, which allows the PCB and the thermal sensor to be completely contained within the housing of the smart socket safety device so as to be protected.

[0021] Preferably, the conductor is provided on a first PCB, the first PCB being configured to provide the functionality of a smart socket. In particular, preferably, the first PCB comprises a relay for disconnecting the supply of mains power to an electrical device plugged into the socket. Preferably, the first PCB comprises a current sensor for measuring the current conducted through the conductor. Preferably, a thermal sensor is provided on a second PCB arranged adjacent to the first PCB. In this way, the first PCB provides the functionality associated with a conventional smart socket, and the second PCB provides the additional temperature sensing functionality of the present invention. In this way, both the first and second PCBs can be modular components and can be replaced and upgraded as required. Furthermore, temperature sensing of the conductor can be retrofitted to an existing smart socket by installing the second PCB adjacent to an existing first PCB providing the smart socket functionality.

[0022] Preferably, the smart socket device further comprises an ambient temperature sensor configured to measure an ambient temperature in the vicinity of the smart socket device. In particular, the processor is preferably configured to determine the predefined threshold (or temperature change behavior associated with an electrical fault) based on the local ambient temperature measured by the ambient temperature sensor. This allows adapting the predefined threshold based on the environment in which the smart socket device is located and / or heat generated from electrical components of the smart socket device itself.

[0023] Preferably, the smart socket device further comprises a relay configured to connect and disconnect the electrical plug to the main current connector. In particular, the processor is preferably configured to control the relay in response to one or more of receiving instructions from the remote device via the communication link, a sensed surface temperature exceeding a predetermined threshold, and data from a programmable timer in the smart socket device. In this manner, the smart socket device can interrupt the supply of current upon instruction from a remote operator either automatically to address a hazard if the surface temperature of the conductor reaches a hazard level, or automatically at a designated time of day to reduce energy consumption. The instructions from the remote device can originate from a smart user device of the resident or an emergency responder.

[0024] Preferably, the smart socket device comprises one or more additional sensors, including one or more of a smoke and / or gas sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a moisture and / or water sensor, and a current sensor that allows the device to sense the presence of a wider range of hazards and more reliably identify the hazards. For example, a smart socket device further including a current sensor may be configured to detect current passing through a conductor of the PCB, and the processor is configured to determine the presence of an electrical fault based on a combination of data received from the current sensor and data received from the thermal sensor. This allows the smart socket device to more quickly identify a hazard, since an increase in the surface temperature of the conductor is more likely to precede an increase in the current flowing through said conductor.

[0025] Preferably, the smart socket device includes one or more of a smoke and / or gas sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and a current sensor, and the processor is configured to determine whether a corresponding parameter sensed by each sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold. The combination of sensors allows for reliable identification of substantially all household hazards associated with electrical appliances.

[0026] Preferably, the processor is configured to identify the presence of a hazard based on the output of a combination of sensors. In particular, the processor uses a combination approach in which the output of multiple sensors is used to more reliably identify a risk. For example, the processor can use a machine learning algorithm that uses the output of multiple sensors to identify a risk. In this way, a hazard can be identified more reliably than based on the output of a single sensor. For example, a combination of the output of a current sensor and a thermal sensor can be used to more reliably identify the presence of an electrical fault. In a particularly preferred example, the output of a current sensor, a thermal sensor, and an ambient temperature sensor are used to identify the presence of an electrical fault.

[0027] A smart socket device can have one, two or more sockets, each of which can have its own current sensor and relay switch.

[0028] The smart socket device is configured such that each sensed parameter has a corresponding threshold or behavior that indicates the presence of a hazard. The device may include a memory that stores data comprising such thresholds and behavior change patterns so that the processor can compare the sensed parameters to the corresponding data to identify the presence of a potential risk. Similarly, the processor can compare the behavior of a combination of sensed parameters to response data stored in the memory to more reliably identify the presence of a hazard than would be possible based on the output of a single sensor.

[0029] The smart socket device may further include a water sensor, the smart socket device comprising a body housing the socket, the thermal sensor, and the processor, the water sensor being positioned to be disposed on a surface below the body of the smart socket device, the water sensor being connectable to the body by a cabled or wireless connection. This may also allow for the identification of water leaks, which may be particularly dangerous in combination with electrical faults. The processor may be configured to analyze the response of the water sensor in combination with one or more other sensors to more reliably determine the presence of a hazard.

[0030] In one example, the smart socket device is a plug-in adapter unit, further comprising a plug portion configured to be received in a mains power socket, the plug portion being positioned relative to the socket such that when the plug portion is received in the mains power socket, a mains power plug of an electrical appliance can be received in the socket of the smart socket device. This allows the smart socket device to be used with existing mains power sockets in a building by simply plugging the plug portion of the adapter unit into the mains power socket and plugging the appliance to be monitored into the socket of the adapter unit. The plug-in adapter may comprise a single socket or multiple sockets, forming an extension lead.

[0031] In another example, the smart socket device is a faceplate of a mains socket. Preferably, the faceplate of the mains socket is configured to be mounted on a surface such as a wall to interface with the mains wiring. In particular, the smart socket device is a mains socket fascia unit that can be installed in a building in place of a traditional mains socket unit, for example by screwing the device to the wall of an electrical access point. This allows the smart socket device to be installed throughout a building to monitor all electrical equipment.

[0032] Preferably, the smart socket device further comprises an audible and / or visual alarm.

[0033] Preferably, the communication link is configured to communicate wirelessly with the remote device. This allows the smart socket device to be used in an electrical safety system (i.e., a smart socket device network) throughout a building to identify risks, warn users, and address risks. Preferably, the smart socket device is configured to communicate with other smart socket devices and / or remote devices, including, for example, a Wi-Fi network, a narrowband radio frequency network, Bluetooth, a mobile carrier network, or a mesh network that communicates according to the OpenThread networking protocol. Employing two or more potential communication networks allows for emergency situations when one of the networks fails. Instead of or in addition to wireless communication, communication can also be performed using optical or other wired communication networks, preferably Ethernet or power line communication (PLC).

[0034] The smart socket device preferably further comprises means for providing an alert to a user. Preferably, the alert means comprises an audible and / or visual alarm that may be activated to notify a user when the processor determines that the surface temperature of the electrical conductors of the PCB exceeds a threshold. The smart socket device is also preferably configured to send an alert to a user device, such as a smartphone, to notify the user of the location and type of identified hazard. The device may also be configured to communicate with a voice assistant (Apple TM Siri, Google TM Assistant, Microsoft TM Cortana, Amazon TM Alexa) to notify the user and provide information about hazards and instructions such as routes to exit the building.

[0035] Smart socket devices offer further advantages when provided in an electrical safety system that includes one or more smart socket devices and one or more remote devices. In this way, the devices can communicate to notify a user of a risk and take action automatically or when prompted by the user to address the hazard.

[0036] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrical safety system comprising a smart socket device according to the first aspect of the invention and one or more remote devices, wherein the smart socket device is configured to signal the remote device using a communication link when the processor determines that a surface temperature of a conductor of the PCB exceeds a predetermined threshold. In this manner, the remote device can warn a user or take action to address a potential hazard.

[0037] Remote devices are typically not smart socket devices, but may include any device connected to a network via a communication link, which may be, for example, a smartphone, a smart television, a voice assistant device, or other smart user device, remote controlled valves, routers or hubs, docking stations for mobile phones, fire alarms, smoke alarms, sprinkler systems, and dynamic lighting signs.

[0038] Preferably, the communication link comprises a wireless communication link, preferably provided by one or more of a narrowband radio frequency network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, a mobile carrier network, and a mesh network communicating according to the Thread (i.e., OpenThread) networking protocol. Implementing two or more networks allows for emergency situations where one of the networks fails. Alternatively, or in addition to wireless communication, communication can be performed using an optical or other wired communication network, preferably Ethernet or power line communication (PLC).

[0039] Preferably, the electrical safety system further comprises one or more smart socket devices and one or more remote devices, the smart socket devices and the remote devices forming a mesh network in which the smart socket devices and the remote devices can communicate. In this way, each device can communicate with other devices so that coordinated actions and alerts can be provided. In particular, preferably, the smart socket devices and the remote devices are configured to communicate according to the OpenThread networking protocol. This allows the network to operate without a single point of failure and provides redundancy to the mesh network.

[0040] The electrical safety system may include a processing unit that may be located locally outside the smart socket device, in the same building as the smart socket device as a standalone remote device, or integrated in a remote device having multiple functions. Additionally, the processing unit may be provided as a distributed system (e.g., a "cloud" system). In some examples, the electrical safety system may include a local processing unit for processing data received from the smart socket device and the remote device, and the system may be further configured to send the data to a remote processing unit in the cloud, whereby the location where processing occurs may be selected based on the particular task, processing requirements, or current network status.

[0041] Preferably, at least one remote device of the electrical safety system comprises a smart user device, which is configured to provide an audible or visual alert after receiving a signal from the smart socket device. This allows the electrical safety system to effectively notify the user in the event of an identified hazard occurring. Typically, a smart user device, such as a smartphone or other smart device, can run one or two forms of software or "apps": (1) a user app (for residents), and (2) a responder app (for emergency services and building authorities). The smartphone (or other smart user device) can run an app (1) or (2) that allows the user to manage the system and receive alerts. In particular, when a hazard is detected, a signal can be sent from the smart socket device to the smart user device, and the app (1) or (2) can display information about the hazard, e.g., that a fire has been detected, the location of the fire, and options for the user to limit the possibility of the fire spreading, e.g., by shutting off the power supply or calling emergency services. Furthermore, if the responder's smart user device has location capability, the substantially real-time location of the responder can be provided to other smart user devices running the user app (1).

[0042] Data may be transmitted from each smart socket device and remote device directly or indirectly through other processing nodes, for example, through a data communication interface, preferably a cellular network modem (and / or SIM card) integrated into each device for direct communication with the processing unit via the Internet. More typically, a smart socket device or remote device may communicate with a node ("hub") in a local network, which may communicate data to a processing unit via an external network such as the Internet.

[0043] The processing unit may be communicatively coupled to a memory, which may be a "cloud" memory, for example, that stores information about devices in the electrical safety system, the locations of smart socket devices in the electrical safety system, and the layout of the building in which the local devices of the electrical safety system are located. The building layout data may include a pre-generated 3D map of locations in the building. Alternatively, the building layout may be generated based on the locations of smart socket devices in a mesh network in the building. The building layout data may be accessed, for example, via an app (1) or (2) on the smart user device for evacuation by evacuees and for emergency response by emergency services. This data is typically stored in the cloud and accessed using appropriate user permissions and identity management. This data may also be provided to local hospitals, for example, to notify them of possible emergency admissions and to prepare for their admission.

[0044] Preferably, at least one remote device is a voice assistant device (such as Apple TM Siri, Google TM Assistant, Microsoft TM Cortana, Amazon TM The voice assistant device is equipped with a voice assistant function (such as Alexa) and is configured to notify the user when a signal is received from the smart socket device. The voice assistant device may be configured to provide one or more of information regarding the type and location of the hazard, information to provide options for responding (e.g., calling emergency services, activating an isolation device), or information regarding how to safely exit the building to avoid the hazard.

[0045] Preferably, at least one remote device comprises a dynamic signage with a configurable display, the dynamic sign configured to receive a signal from the smart socket and display information on the configurable display in response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device. The dynamic sign preferably includes a matrix of LEDs such that the information displayed by said sign is programmable. The system is preferably configured to display instructions on the dynamic signage to coordinate evacuation in an emergency. In particular, the dynamic signage is configured to display evacuation, instructions, and / or accident updates.

[0046] Preferably, at least one remote device includes a speaker configured to sound an alarm or provide an audible announcement in response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device.

[0047] Preferably, at least one remote device includes a fire department computer system. In response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device, the fire department may be provided with information regarding the status of the identified hazard. This may enable, for example, emergency responders to arrive on scene faster and with more information if the hazard escalates into a fire.

[0048] Preferably, at least one remote device comprises a fire helmet with an integrated visor providing augmented reality capabilities, and further comprising a battery pack and a communications link. In particular, in response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device, the augmented reality visor can provide the wearer with information about the current status of hazards identified by the smart socket device, a 3D map of the building in which the smart socket device is located showing where the hazards are located, and digital markers / symbols that provide information to the wearer.

[0049] Preferably, at least one remote device of the electrical safety system comprises an isolation unit with a communications link, the isolation unit configured to restrict the flow of water, gas, or electricity through the isolation unit upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device. In this manner, the isolation unit can receive communications from the smart socket device indicating an equipment behavior indicative of a fault, and the isolation device can take action to restrict or prevent the flow of service to a particular equipment, a portion of a building, or the entire building.

[0050] At least one remote device comprises a smart user device, preferably configured to send a signal to the isolation unit to remotely control the isolation unit after receiving a signal from the smart socket device, which may be performed by a building occupant via app (1) or by an emergency responder via app (2).

[0051] The isolation units can take a number of different forms. In one example, at least one isolation unit comprises a local water isolation unit configured for installation at a local water connection to an electrical device, the local water isolation unit comprising a cabled or wireless connection for connecting to a smart socket device and a motorized valve, the local water isolation unit configured to close the motorized valve to restrict water supply to the electrical device upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device. In this manner, water supply to a particular device, group of devices, or area of ​​a building can be restricted to prevent water flooding or electrical failure.

[0052] Preferably, the at least one isolation unit includes a mains isolation unit comprising at least one motorized valve configured for installation in a mains water supply pipe, a header water tank, or a gas supply pipe, the mains isolation unit configured to close the motorized valve to limit the mains power supply upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device. Preferably, the at least one isolation unit includes a mains isolation unit comprising a mains cut-off switch, the mains isolation unit configured to activate the power cut-off switch to cut off the mains power supply upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device. These mains cut-off units can be used to stop further supply of gas, electricity, or water to the entire building or to specific zones within the building to prevent an increase in hazards.

[0053] The mains isolating unit may be connected to the mains consumer unit and configured to activate a main switch on the mains consumer unit to interrupt the mains supply, or alternatively the mains isolating unit may be integrated within the consumer unit or a fuse box.

[0054] The isolation unit may include one or more local sensors for identifying local hazards. Preferably, the isolation unit includes a processor, and one or more of a heat sensor, a smoke and / or gas sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a moisture and / or water sensor, and a current sensor, and the isolation unit is configured to restrict the flow of water, gas, or electricity when the processor determines that a parameter sensed by the local sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0055] When connected via a mesh network, the smart socket devices and isolation units constituting the electrical safety system are preferably each assigned to a group, with a plurality of said smart socket devices and isolation units constituting each group. The grouping may for example be based on the location of the devices, particularly in the case of an electrical safety system deployed across a multi-family building. For example, the electrical safety system may comprise a plurality of smart socket devices arranged across several flats in a building and a plurality of mains isolation units configured to limit the mains supply of each flat in the building. The smart socket devices may be grouped based on which flat they are located in and the isolation units may be grouped based on which flat they limit the mains supply of. If a first smart socket device located in a first flat determines that a sensed surface temperature of a conductor exceeds a predefined threshold, the first smart socket device may use the grouping to identify which other smart socket devices are located in the first flat and optionally in adjacent flats. Furthermore, the first smart socket device may also use the grouping to identify one or more isolation units capable of limiting the mains supply of the first flat and optionally adjacent flats. The first smart socket device can then automatically send a signal to the other identified smart socket devices and the isolation unit to, for example, disconnect the sockets of the smart socket devices via the provided relays and / or restrict the main supply of one or more of gas water and electricity. This action can be performed simultaneously, or sequentially (e.g., by distance from the first smart socket device), or manually, or automatically.

[0056] Preferably, when connected via a mesh network, the smart socket devices constituting the electrical safety system can be used in combination with one or more processing units and memories of the electrical safety system to identify the location of an expanded hazard, such as a fire, within a building and provide a three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the building layout indicating the location of the hazard to residents and / or emergency responders via the smart user device or the fire helmet described above. For example, if a first smart socket device located in a first flat of a multi-family building determines that a sensed surface temperature of a conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold, the first smart socket device can transmit a signal to a processing unit of the electrical safety system. The processing unit can then analyze the data transmitted by the first smart socket to determine the location of the hazard (e.g., which flat is the hazard). The processing unit can then retrieve the layout of the building in which the local device of the electrical safety system is located from a communicatively coupled memory, and then use the hazard location and the building layout to generate a 3D map of the building indicating the location of the hazard. Alternatively, the 3D map of the building layout may be generated based on the location of the smart socket devices in the mesh network within the building. If a hazard such as a fire escalates, this mapping will enable emergency services to act more efficiently when they arrive on scene and allow residents to evacuate safely.

[0057] Optionally, the electrical safety system may comprise further stand-alone sensors, such as a thermal sensor or module comprising a plurality of heat, smoke, gas, carbon monoxide and water sensors, each with a communication link. The electrical safety system may further comprise an electrical appliance having an integrated thermal sensor. The electrical safety system may further comprise additional safety devices, such as plug-in adapters, light switch faceplates and wall / ceiling mounted sensing units, each of said safety devices comprising at least a thermal sensor. Further details regarding the above-mentioned safety devices may be found in GB 2015243.5.

[0058] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a safety module for insertion into an electrical socket device, the electrical socket device comprising a socket configured to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance and a mains connector for connection to a mains power cable, the safety module comprising a PCB comprising a conductor configured to pass electrical current through the conductor between the mains connector and the electrical plug in use, a thermal sensor configured to detect a surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB, a processor in communication with the thermal sensor, the processor configured to determine when the detected surface temperature of the conductor exceeds a predefined threshold, and a communication link configured to communicate with a remote device. In this way, the safety module can be retrofitted to a conventional socket to provide hazard detection by providing a first PCB comprising a conductor through which electrical current passes from the mains power supply to the appliance, and a second PCB comprising a thermal sensor for temperature measurement of the conductor provided on the first PCB. The safety module can provide additional functionality as described above in the first aspect of the invention.

[0059] In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a safety module for insertion into a conventional smart socket device, the smart socket device comprising a socket configured to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance, a mains connector for connection to a mains power cable, and a PCB comprising a conductor configured for electrical current to flow through the conductor between the mains connector and the electrical plug in use, the safety module comprising a thermal sensor configured to detect a surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB of the smart socket, and a processor in communication with the thermal sensor, the processor configured to determine when the detected surface temperature of the conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold. In this manner, the safety module may be retrofitted into a conventional smart socket device to provide hazard detection by measuring the temperature of the conductor present on the PCB of the smart socket. Preferably, the safety module comprises a PCB on which the thermal sensor is provided, the safety module being configured to be positioned such that the PCB of the safety module is adjacent to the PCB of the smart socket. The safety module may provide additional functionality as described above in the first aspect of the invention.

[0060] All of the functionality described above with respect to the smart socket device may also be implemented in the safety module described above, which when inserted into an electrical socket device or smart socket device may be referred to herein as a smart socket device according to the present invention and may form part of the electrical safety system described above.

[0061] In this way, a user can adapt a conventional electrical or smart socket device to a smart socket device according to the invention by retrofitting a safety module in the housing of said electrical or smart socket device. This allows for an easy integration of safety functionality where conventional sockets are already provided, without the need to completely replace the conventional socket.

[0062] In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire helmet comprising an integrated visor providing augmented reality functionality, a battery pack and a communications link, preferably wherein the communications link is configured to receive signals from a smart socket device as defined above, and wherein the integrated visor is configured to display information in response to the received signals. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0063] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 2A] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 2B] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 2C] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the invention in the form of either a mains socket faceplate or a safety module inserted into a conventional electrical socket device; [Figure 3A]FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a smart socket device according to the present invention in the form of a safety module inserted into a conventional smart socket device. [Figure 3B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PCB of a safety module for insertion into a conventional smart socket device according to the present invention. [Figure 3C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PCB of a safety module for insertion into a conventional smart socket device according to the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a remote device of an electrical safety system according to the invention, comprising a fire helmet. [Diagram 5] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electrical safety system according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0064] 1A-1C show a smart socket device 100 according to the present invention. The smart socket device 100 includes a first PCB 130 with a socket 120 arranged behind a socket faceplate 140 and arranged to receive an electrical plug of an electrical appliance, a mains connector (not shown) for connecting to a mains power cable, and live and neutral conductors 131 arranged such that, in use, electrical current can flow through the conductors 131 between the mains connector and the electrical plug. The smart socket device 100 further includes a second PCB 110 with a thermal sensor 111 configured to detect a surface temperature of the electrical plug when received within the socket 120 of the smart socket device 100, the thermal sensor 111 being mounted on the second PCB 110.

[0065] The smart socket device 100 further includes a processor (internal to the device, not shown) configured to communicate with the thermal sensor 111 and determine when the sensed surface temperature of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130 exceeds a predetermined threshold and / or display a particular variation pattern associated with the risk of electrical faults. Because the thermal sensor 110 is configured to detect the surface temperature of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130, the smart socket device 100 enables early detection of dangerous conditions that may result in a fire. In particular, a major cause of house fires is overheating due to electrical faults in electrical equipment. Such electrical faults can be determined at a very early stage by an increase in the surface temperature of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130, and by monitoring this parameter, electrical faults can be detected in the smart socket device before they escalate.

[0066] The smart socket device 100 further includes a communication link configured to communicate with a remote device. The communication link preferably provides wireless communication capabilities to send an alert to a user device such as a smartphone and take various measures to mitigate risk, including turning off mains power, water, or gas supply by communication with one or more remote devices. As described in more detail below, multiple smart socket devices and remote devices can be connected together in a network to realize various functions to identify potential hazards at an early stage, alert users and emergency services, and take various measures to address the hazards, either autonomously or when instructed by a user via a connected smart user device.

[0067] The smart socket device 100 may further include various functions for providing various responses when the processor determines that the detected surface temperature of the conductor 131 of the PCB 130 exceeds a predetermined threshold. Specifically, the device 100 may further include an internal alarm sound device to provide a warning when the surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB exceeds a predetermined threshold and indicates a fire risk. The device 100 may include one or more relay switches for stopping the flow of current to the devices passing through the smart socket device 100. Further, the smart socket device 100 may be provided with some additional sensors for detecting the presence of hazards.

[0068] The smart socket device 100 can provide various functions related to commercially available smart sockets. For example, the first PCB 130 can include a relay that enables remote control of the smart socket, allowing the user operating the connected user device or via a programmable timer to remotely turn off and on the power supply to the device plugged into the socket. The first PCB 130, also called a "power board", may further include a sensor for measuring the power supplied to the device plugged into the smart socket device 100, for example, a current sensor provided on the first PCB 130. To provide this function, conventional smart sockets include a PCB having some form of conductor to which the main power supply is connected to the device plugged into the outlet. The present invention utilizes this conductor as a means for detecting the presence of an electrical fault in the device plugged into the smart socket. In particular, the inventors have confirmed that an electrical fault in the device can be recognized at an early stage by an increase in the temperature of the conductor on the PCB of the smart socket, and that a properly configured thermal sensor can identify potential hazards at an early stage.

[0069] <Conductor of the PCB> As mentioned above, the conductors 131 of the first PCB 130 of the smart socket device 100 are arranged so that, during use, current flows through the conductors between the current connectors to the electrical plug. In the example shown in Figures 1A-1C, the conductors 131 are spring connectors arranged to maintain contact with the pins of the electrical plug when inserted into the socket by the restoring force of the spring connector. Similarly, other electrical connectors such as spade connectors, ring connectors, bullet connectors, and screw terminals may be provided as the conductors 131 of the PCB 130. The conductors 131 may be constructed from metals having high electrical conductivity, such as alloys of silver, copper, gold, platinum, and palladium.

[0070] The conductor 131 generally comprises a planar portion of a conductor disposed on the plane of the PCB 130. Specifically, the first PCB 130 is disposed such that a first side of the PCB is adjacent to the underside of the socket faceplate 140 and a second side of the PCB opposite the first side faces away from the faceplate 140. The conductor 131 comprises a planar portion of conductive material on the second side of the PCB 130, providing an area against which the thermal sensor 111 may be directed. Thus, a compact and effective arrangement can be achieved by providing a second PCB 110 ("thermopile array board") substantially parallel to the first PCB 130 with the thermal sensor 111 disposed to face the planar portion of the conductor 131 on the second side of the first PCB 130. In the example of FIGS. 1A-1C, the conductor 131 comprises a spring connector disposed to receive a pin of an electrical plug and a planar portion on the second side of the PCB 130.

[0071] 1A-1C show a pair of conductors 131, one each for the live and neutral current paths, however, a single conductor 131 for either the live or neutral current path may be exposed on the face of the PCB 130, or three conductors 131, one each for the live, neutral and ground current paths, may be exposed on the face of the PCB 130. Each conductor provided is positioned to make electrical contact with a corresponding live, neutral or ground receptacle of an electrical plug when plugged into the socket 120.

[0072] The thermal sensor 111 detects the surface temperature of one or more provided conductors 131 connected to the socket 120, or multiple thermal sensors can be provided for each socket 120, 111, with each thermal sensor configured to detect the surface temperature of an individual conductor 131 if multiple conductors are exposed on the face of the PCB 130.

[0073] 2A-2C show alternative arrangements of conductors on a PCB. Conductors 231 of smart socket device 200 are conductive tracks extending across the face of PCB 230 and may be constructed of a highly conductive metal as in the examples above. In FIGS. 2A-2C, three conductive tracks are shown extending across the face of PCB 230, each track forming part of one of a live current path, a neutral current path, and a ground current path. Alternatively, a single or pair of tracks may be provided on the face of PCB 230, each track forming part of one of a live, neutral, or ground current path.

[0074] The thermal sensor 211 may measure the surface temperature of one or more provided conductors 231, or alternatively, multiple thermal sensors 211 are provided, each configured to detect the surface temperature of an individual conductive track 231, with multiple conductors exposed on the face of the PCB 230.

[0075] 2A-2C, PCB 210 with thermal sensor 211 and PCB 230 with conductive track 231 are positioned relative to one another such that conductive track 231 is within the field of view of thermal sensor 211. Although FIGS. 2A-2C show conductive track 231 positioned on an upward-facing surface of PCB 230 and thermal sensor 211 positioned on a downward-facing surface of PCB 210, the PCBs may be provided in any suitable orientation, with PCB 210 and PCB 230 positioned such that the thermal sensor of PCB 210 faces the conductive track on PCB 230 such that the conductive track is within the field of view of thermal sensor 211.

[0076] The conductors described above are entirely enclosed within the smart socket device such that no live surfaces are exposed to the outside world when the smart socket device is in use.

[0077] Additionally, both configurations ensure that the material and geometry of the temperature measurement surface remain constant regardless of what is plugged into the electrical device. This can improve the accuracy and consistency of surface temperature detection. For example, if the material of the conductive track 231 is known, the processor can use the appropriate physical property, such as the emissivity of the conductive material, to tune the thermal sensor 211 to provide more accurate surface temperature detection.

[0078] <Thermal sensor> The thermal sensor 111 is provided by an infrared sensor configured to detect absolute temperature by measuring emitted infrared radiation. A calculated temperature is then based on the known or assumed emissivity of the target surface.

[0079] The thermal sensor 111 may be, for example, a pyrometer configured to detect the absolute temperature of a point on the surface of the conductor 131 of the PCB 130, or the thermal sensor 111 may be an infrared camera comprising an array of infrared detector pixels. The infrared array sensor may comprise an 8×8 grid array of thermopile elements that detect absolute temperature by measuring emitted infrared radiation. This infrared array sensor may provide a thermal image by measuring actual temperature and temperature gradients, allowing highly precise measurement of surface temperature and identification of temperature changes. The infrared array sensor also preferably includes a lens to provide an increased viewing angle so that a large area of ​​the conductor may be imaged even when the thermal sensor 111 is located at a close distance. The lens may comprise an integral silicon lens providing a viewing angle of about 60 degrees. The thermal sensor 111 is preferably configured to detect temperature changes over a range of -20° C. to 100° C., allowing tracking of the surface temperature of the conductor 131 of the PCB 130 as it begins to heat up in the event of an electrical fault. The thermal sensor 111 may be, for example, a Panasonic Grid-EYE® sensor, which is commonly used for motion detection, occupancy detection, people counting, and lighting control.

[0080] The thermal sensor 111 is configured to provide a non-contact temperature measurement of the surface of the conductor 131 of the PCB 130 when the electrical device is connected to the socket 120. The use of non-contact thermal imaging allows imaging of the conductor 131 as a whole, allowing temperature changes to be detected across the conductor, rather than from a single point as required by contact measurements. Contact measurements also require the contact temperature sensor to be provided to remain in contact with the conductor 131. If the contact temperature sensor is moved out of position and loses contact with the conductor, an accurate temperature measurement will not be obtained, and there is a risk that dangerous failures of the electrical device will go undetected. The infrared array sensor also allows more complex processing to be performed on the thermal images received by the sensor. For example, more advanced machine learning based algorithms can be used to detect temperature change patterns that indicate high-risk failures in the device.

[0081] The thermal sensor 111 may be positioned in a number of different ways to achieve a surface temperature reading of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130. In FIGS. 1A-1C, the thermal sensor 111 is positioned on a second PCB 110 positioned behind the PCB 130 when the smart socket device 100 is viewed from the socket faceplate 140. In particular, the thermal sensor 111 is positioned at a location on the PCB 110 such that the conductors 131 of the PCB 130 are within the field of view of the thermal sensor 111. In this manner, the thermal sensor 111 images the surface of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130. The thermal sensor 111 may be similarly positioned in a number of alternative locations to provide a non-contact surface temperature measurement of the conductors 130 of the PCB 130 of the smart socket device 100.

[0082] In other, not shown, examples, the thermal sensor 111 may alternatively be configured to provide a contact measurement of the temperature of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130 during use. Examples of such thermal sensors include NTC thermistors, PTC thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, and semiconductor-based sensors. In these examples, the temperature sensor 111 may be configured to contact or otherwise be thermally coupled to the surface of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130 to measure the surface temperature.

[0083] The above description of thermal sensor 111 is equally applicable to thermal sensor 211 of FIGS. 2A-2C and thermal sensor 311 of FIGS. 3B and 3C.

[0084] <Mains socket faceplate> The smart socket device 100 shown in Figures 1A-1C may be provided as a mains socket faceplate configured to be attached to an electrical connection point on a wall or other surface. The mains socket fascia of Figures 1A-1C comprises a substantially flat body defined by a socket faceplate 140, similar to a conventional mains socket fascia. The smart socket device 100 is configured to be placed in place of a conventional mains socket fascia at an electrical access point in a building to improve safety against the risk of fire and electrical hazards. In the example of Figures 1A-1C, the smart socket device 100 comprises two sockets 120, but other such smart socket devices may equally have a single socket 120 or a greater number of sockets 120. Similarly, although the device 100 of Figures 1A-1C is in the form of a faceplate configured to be attached to a wall or other surface, it may equally be provided as a movable extension socket configured to be attached to a mains socket via a cable. The smart socket device faceplate 140, similar to a conventional mains socket faceplate, includes a switch 141 for turning on the current supply to the corresponding socket 120. In use, the smart socket device faceplate 140 is mounted to a wall by screwing it into place using screws (not shown) in place of the faceplate of a conventional power socket. An electrical device is plugged into the socket 120 and current is supplied by switching the switch 141 to the on position.

[0085] In the device 100, the surface temperature of the conductors 131 of the PCB 130 is monitored by the thermal infrared sensor 111. When a particular temperature or change in temperature is identified by a processor (not shown), the device 100 can determine the presence of a possible risk and take some action. The smart socket device 100 may first be equipped with an internal alarm (not shown) configured to sound when a hazard is detected to alert occupants of the surrounding area.

[0086] Additionally, the smart socket device 100 includes a communication link configured to communicate with one or more remote devices. In particular, the device 100 is configured to wirelessly communicate via the communication link to a user device, such as a smartphone, to alert the user to the presence of a potential electrical hazard and provide further information regarding the type of hazard detected and its location within the building.

[0087] The smart socket device 100 may include a reset switch (not shown) for resetting the device 100 or silencing the alarm when the alarm is sounding. The smart socket device 100 may further include a series of status LEDs to indicate to a user that the device 100 is functioning properly. Specifically, the LEDs may indicate the status of network connectivity, power to the device, and an alarm sound. A series of LEDs may be provided on the surface of the housing 130 to provide a visual alert to the user. The smart socket device 100 may also be configured to communicate with other user devices, such as a smart TV, smart watch, or other device, via a wireless communication link to indicate the presence of a potential hazard and provide details regarding the detected hazard.

[0088] The smart socket device 200 shown in FIGS. 2A-2C may also be provided as a mains socket fascia and may include any of the features of the smart socket 100 described above. The housing of the smart socket device 200 comprises a socket faceplate 140 and an outer casing 290 configured to accommodate the PCB 230 and the PCB 210. The front half of the outer casing 290 includes a status LED 291 configured to perform the functions described above with respect to the smart socket device 100. The rear half of the outer casing includes a mains current connector 260 for connection to a mains power cable 261. Preferably, the mains current connector 260 includes one or more solderless terminals for each of the live, neutral, and earth cables 261. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the mains current connector 260 may include a 3-way WAGO connector for each of the live, neutral, and earth main cables 261, allowing for incorporation into a ring circuit and optional connection to a spur socket.

[0089] As mentioned above, the conductors 231 of the PCB 230 include conductive tracks that extend across the faces of the PCB 230. The PCB 230 further comprises a battery 232 such that the battery can power any provided sensors, the processor 270, and the communication link such that the smart socket device can continue to communicate with remote devices in the event of a power outage or a dangerous situation in which the main power source has been intentionally shut down.

[0090] The PCB 210 further includes a processor 270 and a relay 280 configured to selectively control the current between the plug portion and the socket. If one of the on-board sensors detects a parameter indicative of a potential hazard and / or fire, such as the sensed surface temperature of the conductor 231 exceeding a predetermined threshold, the device 200 automatically activates the relay 280 such that the electrical connection between the electrical equipment and the socket is interrupted. This ensures that the power supply to the potentially dangerous electrical equipment is immediately turned off when a potential hazard is perceived by the adapter. Additionally, the relay 280 may be activated by receiving a command from a remote device via a communication link or based on data from a programmable timer within the smart socket device.

[0091] Similar to smart socket device 100, smart socket device 200 may include an internal alarm (not shown) configured to sound when a hazard is detected to alert occupants within the surrounding area. Smart socket device 200 may also include a reset switch (not shown) for resetting device 200 or for silencing the alarm when it is sounding. <Additional sensor>

[0092] In addition to the thermal sensor 110, the smart socket device 100 may include several additional sensors for detecting the presence of a hazard. Similarly, the smart socket device 200 may further include several sensors in addition to those shown in the example provided in Figures 2A-2C.

[0093] Various additional sensors are described below in relation to smart socket device 200, however, the additional sensors may similarly be implemented in other examples of smart socket devices, such as smart socket device 100 or safety modules for insertion into an electrical socket device.

[0094] The example smart socket device 200 of FIGS. 2A-2C further comprises an ambient temperature and / or humidity sensor 212 that may be used to determine a predetermined threshold surface temperature (or temperature change behavior associated with an electrical fault) of the conductors 231 of the PCB 230 based on a measured local ambient temperature, and a current sensor 213 for monitoring the current supplied to an electrical device plugged into the smart socket device 200. The current sensor is disposed within the device to measure the current flowing to one or more electrical devices plugged into the smart socket device 200. The smart socket device 200 may further comprise one or more of smoke and / or gas sensors configured to detect smoke from any electrical device connected to the smart socket device 200, or smoke and / or gas, preferably methane, in the vicinity of the device 200, for example from a gas fireplace, boiler, or cooking appliance, and a carbon monoxide sensor configured to detect carbon monoxide in the vicinity of the smart socket device 200, for example from a gas fireplace or boiler.

[0095] Each of the sensors is electrically connected to a processor 270 within the device 200, which allows the processor 270 to determine whether any of the sensed parameters indicate a potential hazard. The processor 270 is configured to determine the presence of a potential hazard by identifying when the value of the sensed parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold. However, more complex processing can be used to identify the presence of a hazard, for example, by identifying the rate of change of the sensed parameter, or when the change in the sensed parameter displays a particular behavior or pattern associated with an increased risk of the hazard. The processor 270 can also be configured to determine the presence of a hazard based on a combination of sensor outputs to more reliably identify risk. For example, the processor 270 can use more complex algorithms, such as machine learning-based algorithms that take outputs from multiple sensors to determine an elevated risk. For example, in a situation where the current sensor and thermal sensor readings are lower than their corresponding individual thresholds, the behavior of the sensor readings combined indicates an increased hazard, which may be detected at an earlier stage than with a single sensor. Similarly, an abnormal rate of occurrence of one or more parameters may indicate the presence of a hazard. The device 200 may include an internal memory that holds such sensor parameter data, and the processor 270 is configured to compare the received data to data indicative of a hazard held in the memory to identify the presence of the hazard. The processor 270 may use more complex algorithms, such as machine learning algorithms, that may be trained to identify changes in parameters that are associated with increased risk of a potential hazard. For example, the machine learning algorithm may include a neural network (or support vector machine) that functions to receive data from the sensors as input, and once trained on a set of simulated hazards, may identify real hazards from a combination of inputs from the sensors using weights and thresholds that are not predetermined by an operator.In another example, a linear regression model may be used to identify changes in a parameter over time to predict or estimate the level of risk.

[0096] The smart socket device 200 may also include a water sensor (not shown) configured to detect the presence of water in the vicinity of the device 200. In particular, the water sensor may comprise a water sensor body arranged to sit on the ground below the smart socket device 200 to detect the collection of water on the surface below the device 200. The water sensor body is connected to the device by a water sensor connection. The connection may comprise a plug that plugs into a corresponding socket on the side of the device to connect the water sensor to the internal processor 270, whereby the processor 270 may receive a signal from the water sensor to identify the presence of water and alert the user using an alarm or wireless communication link to the user device. The presence of water may be a hazard especially when there is an electrical fault in the electrical equipment, and an additional water sensor may detect the presence of a leak from the domestic electrical equipment or water mains to identify such a hazard.

[0097] In addition to providing an alarm or sending an alert to a remote device such as a smartphone, the smart socket device 200 can also take action, either automatically or when prompted by a user, to respond to a detected hazard. In this manner, the smart socket device 200 forms part of an electrical safety system that can detect hazards, warn a user, and take appropriate action to address the hazard. <Safety module>

[0098] Although FIGS. 1A-1C and 2A-2C are described above as illustrating examples of smart socket devices, they may similarly illustrate exemplary embodiments of a safety module for insertion into an electrical socket device according to the present invention, shown in combination with an electrical socket device. The safety module may be configured for insertion into a conventional electrical socket, or for insertion into a smart socket, to provide hazard detection via measurement of conductors on a PCB. Because the safety module, when inserted into a conventional electrical socket device, can provide the same functionality as a smart socket device according to the present invention, the device resulting from retrofitting a safety module into an electrical socket device is referred to herein as a smart socket device. The process of inserting such a safety module into an existing electrical socket device is referred to herein as retrofitting a safety module into an electrical socket device.

[0099] 1A-1C, in one example, the safety module comprises a PCB 110 along with any components located thereon and is configured for insertion into a conventional smart socket device where a first PCB (power board) 130 is already present. Thus, in this example, an electrical socket device may provide, for example, a socket faceplate 140, a PCB 130 (used to provide conventional smart socket functionality), and an optional back box (not shown). The safety module is retrofitted to an electrical smart socket device where the PCB 110 is positioned such that the live and neutral conductors 131 of each socket of the electrical socket device (shown on the PCB 130 present in the smart socket) are within the field of view of the thermal sensor 111.

[0100] In other examples, the safety module may be configured for insertion into a conventional (non-smart) socket that does not include a PCB 130 to provide functionality such as on / off switching via relays and current monitoring. In these examples, the safety module includes both a first PCB (power board) 130 that includes conductors for conducting mains power to the electrical equipment when connected, and a second PCB (thermal sensor board) 110 that includes a thermal sensor for detecting the temperature of the conductors 131 of the first PCB.

[0101] 2A-2C, in another example, a safety module comprises an outer casing 290 and any components on or within the outer casing 290. Again, the electrical socket device may be provided with, for example, a socket faceplate 140 and an optional back box (not shown). In this example, an existing mains power cable from a conventional electrical socket device may be disconnected from the socket faceplate and reconnected to the mains current connector 260 on the rear half of the outer casing 290. A cable is then connected between the conductive track 231 and the socket 120 of the socket faceplate 140 to reconnect the socket 120 to the mains power supply.

[0102] 3A illustrates an exemplary smart socket device 300 according to the present invention, where a safety module according to the present invention is retrofitted to the smart socket device. In this example, the safety module comprises PCB 310 and PCB 350, and the smart socket device comprises a socket faceplate 340, PCB 330, rear housing 390, and back box 391. In this example, an existing socket already implements some "smart" functionality, such as providing an electrical socket, a processor, and a relay configured to connect and disconnect a communication link on PCB 330, so that said relay can be controlled from a remote device, such as a smartphone. By retrofitting a conventional smart socket device with PCB 310 and PCB 350, the resulting device can sense the presence of a wider range of hazards and more reliably identify specific hazards.

[0103] FIG. 3B illustrates the PCB 350 in more detail. The PCB 350 includes a temperature and / or humidity sensor 312, a carbon monoxide and / or methane gas sensor 314, and a smoke sensor 315. The PCB 310 illustrated in FIG. 3C includes a heat sensor 311, a temperature / humidity sensor 312, a current sensor 313, and a processor (not shown) configured to receive data from the sensors provided. The sensors disposed on the PCB 350 can be communicatively coupled to the PCB 310 via one or more cables such that the sensors disposed on the PCB 350 can communicate with the processor provided on the PCB 310. The above sensors can perform the same functions as described above with respect to the smart socket device 100 and the smart socket device 200. In addition to the sensors illustrated in FIG. 3A-FIG. 3C, the safety module may further include any of the additional sensors or alert functions described above with respect to the smart socket device 100 and the smart socket device 200.

[0104] A safety module according to the invention may be retrofitted across multiple conventional sockets in a room or building to form part of an electrical safety system capable of detecting hazards, alerting users and taking appropriate action to address the hazard. <Fire helmet>

[0105] 4 illustrates generally an exemplary fire helmet 400 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Helmet 400 includes a visor 410 that provides integrated augmented reality functionality, a battery pack 420 that powers the helmet, and a communications link 430. Helmet 400 may optionally include an integrated positioning module (not shown), such as a GNSS receiver.

[0106] The augmented reality capabilities of the visor 410 allow the helmet wearer to display information on top of the physical world that may improve their knowledge and efficiency when dealing with an increased hazard such as a fire. In response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device that a hazard is present and a firefighting team is needed, the augmented reality visor can provide the wearer with information regarding the current status of the hazard and real-time communications via the control panel visualization 411. This can include, for example, the type of hazard, the time the hazard was identified, and what actions have already been taken to act on the hazard.

[0107] Additionally, a 3D mapping 412 of the building where the hazard is located is displayed, showing where within the building the hazard is located. Further details about this 3D mapping are described below as part of the electrical safety system. The visualization 412 may further enable the wearer to identify their own location within the 3D mapping, and may also enable the wearer to orient themselves towards the source of the hazard.

[0108] Additionally, visualization 413 can provide digital markers / symbols to the wearer to inform them, for example, of the direction they should travel to reach the source of the hazard and of any proximal blocked paths between themselves and the source of the hazard. <Electrical safety system>

[0109] An electrical safety system according to the present invention includes at least one smart socket device according to the present invention and may include a plurality of smart socket devices according to the present invention in communication with each other. The electrical safety system also includes one or more additional remote devices in communication with the at least one smart socket device via a communication link. The one or more smart socket devices are configured, for example, to send a signal to the remote device using the communication link when the processor determines that a surface temperature of a conductor of the PCB exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0110] 5 illustrates an exemplary electrical safety system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electrical safety system 1000 includes one or more smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, one or more smart socket devices according to the present invention embodied as plug-in adapters 500, and a remote device, which includes one or more fire safety helmets 400 according to the present invention, one or more smart hubs 500, one or more smart hubs 600, one or more isolation units 700, one or more smart user devices 800, one or more dynamic signs 900, one or more speakers 950, and one or more voice assistant alarms 1200.

[0111] Each of the devices of the electrical safety system 1000 is provided with a communication link so that they can communicate with each other via a wireless connection, e.g., wireless narrowband frequencies, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, mobile carrier networks, and via the OpenThread mesh networking protocol. Instead of or in addition to wireless communication, communication can also be performed using optical or other wired communication networks, preferably Ethernet or power line communication (PLC). Preferably, the devices of the electrical safety system 1000 can communicate via two communication channels, such that the different types of networks provide a fail-safe. In this example, remote devices can communicate with each other and with smart socket devices via Wi-Fi 601 and / or mesh network 602. Mesh network 602 can comprise, for example, a wireless mesh network communicating on 868 MHz. Preferably, mesh network 602 includes a mesh network communicating via the OpenThread mesh networking protocol. By providing two communication networks, if one network goes down, data obtained from heat sensors placed throughout the building can still be communicated so that the location of the fire hazard and the location of the building's occupants can be determined. In FIG. 5, the lines connecting smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, smart socket device 500, smart hub 600, and isolation unit 700 indicate a mesh network in which each device can communicate independently of each other.

[0112] The connectivity of each of the remote devices in the local network may be managed by a smart hub 600, which is connected to a central router (not shown) in the building. The smart hub 600 itself may be equipped with one or more heat sensors. In a preferred embodiment, the smart hub 600 is integrated into a device with further sensing capabilities. Typically, the smart hub 600 is integrated into a ceiling mounted unit, as described in GB2015243.5.

[0113] Because the devices of the electrical safety system 1000 are in local communication with each other, they can quickly initiate an alarm or other safety notification in response to a detected hazard. For example, if a thermal sensor located within a smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 detects a local increase in the surface temperature of a PCB's conductors indicating the presence of an electrical fault, this information can be communicated to other safety devices in the building via the local Wi-Fi 601 and / or mesh network 602. In response, additional smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 provided in the electrical safety system 1000 can activate an integrated audible alarm to alert occupants of the fire hazard and / or turn off power locally at the location of the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500.

[0114] The isolation unit 700 can be configured for installation at a main power source, such as a main water supply, a main power circuit unit, a header water tank, or a gas supply pipe. The location of the isolation unit is typically pre-configured within a building. In response to identification of a fire hazard by one or more sensors of the system, a signal may be sent via a Wi-Fi / mesh network to the isolation unit to shut off the gas, electricity, or water supply to the building, significantly minimizing the risk of a secondary fire, explosion, or electrical hazard (e.g., if a large water leak affects an energized electrical device or circuit).

[0115] The smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300,500 and isolation units 700 may each be assigned to a group, with the grouping being based on the location of the devices, for example, particularly if the electrical safety system 1000 is deployed across a multi-family building. For example, the electrical safety system 1000 may comprise a number of smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300,500 located across several flats in a building, and a number of mains isolation units 700 configured to limit the mains power of each flat in the building. The smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300,500 may be grouped based on which flat they are located in, and the isolation units 700 may be grouped based on which flat they are capable of limiting the mains power of. If a first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 located in a first flat determines that a sensed surface temperature of a conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold, said first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 can use the grouping to identify which other smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 are located in said first flat, and optionally in adjacent flats. Additionally, the first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 can also use the grouping to identify one or more isolation units 700 that can limit the main power supply for the first flat and optionally adjacent flats. The first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 can then automatically send a signal to the other identified smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 and the isolation unit 700 to, for example, disconnect the sockets of the smart socket device via the provided relays and / or restrict one or more of the main power sources of gas, water and electricity.

[0116] In addition to the processing performed by the smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 of the electrical safety system 1000, the data acquired by the sensors of the electrical safety system 1000 may be further processed by the system processing unit 1100, which in this example is remotely hosted in a cloud system. However, in other embodiments, the processing unit 1100 may be located locally in the building. The sensor data may be transmitted from the smart hub 600 through the internet via a router to the processing unit 1100. In other words, data from each sensor in the local network may first be transmitted to the smart hub, which then communicates with the processing unit. The system processor 1100 is configured to analyze the data obtained from the sensors of the electrical safety system and determine the location of a hazard or potential hazard. For example, if data from a smart socket device located in the living room of a flat on the first floor of a building indicates a localized temperature increase indicating the presence or risk of a fire, it can be inferred that the location of the fire is in the living room of the flat. Data from sensors of other smart sockets 100 / 200 / 300, 500 and isolation units 700 located within the flat may also be analyzed to confirm such a conclusion.

[0117] The processing unit 1100 may be communicatively coupled to a memory, which may be, for example, a "cloud" memory that stores information about the devices in the electrical safety system 1000 and the layout of the building in which the local devices of the electrical safety system are located. The building layout data may include a three-dimensional (3D) mapping of locations within the building, and also potentially indicating the locations of the smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 and the isolation units 700.

[0118] In the event of an increased hazard, such as a fire, the processing unit 1100 can combine this building layout data with the location of the hazard in the mesh network identified by the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500, and the location of the further smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 to create a 3D mapping showing the location of the hazard in the electrical safety system 1000. For example, if a first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 located in a first flat of a multi-family building determines that a sensed surface temperature of a conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold, said first smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500 can transmit a signal to the processing unit 1100 of the electrical safety system 1000. The processing unit 1100 can then analyze the data transmitted by the first smart socket 100 / 200 / 300, 500 to determine the location of the hazard (e.g., which flat is the hazard). The processing unit 1100 can then recall the layout of the building in which the local device of the electrical safety system 1000 is located from a memory to which it is communicatively coupled, and can then use the hazard locations and the building layout to generate a 3D map of the building showing the hazard locations. Alternatively, a 3D map of the building layout may be generated by the processing unit 1100 based on the location of the smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 in the mesh network within the building. In the event of an escalating hazard, such as a fire, this mapping allows emergency services to act more efficiently when they arrive on the scene and allows residents to evacuate safely.

[0119] Particularly advantageously, authorized users such as building managers, fire and emergency services, for example by secure access to a cloud server, can access the data transmitted to or stored in a communicatively coupled memory of the processing unit 1100, thereby enabling them to view the status of the hazard in real time or near real time from their own devices. Using this information, emergency services can focus their efforts on where specific assistance is needed, ensuring both increased safety for building occupants and increased safety for the emergency services personnel themselves.

[0120] The data processed by the processor 1100 may be communicated to one or more additional remote devices via a communication link such as the Internet. Particular remote devices may be a smartphone 800, a fire helmet 400, a dynamic sign 900, a speaker 950, and a voice assistant alarm 1200. The smartphone (or other smart user device) may run an app that allows the user to receive alerts and notifications from the system processor 1100 (e.g., via a cloud server over a communication link such as the Internet) indicating the location of identified hazards and instructions on what to do next. A smart user device such as the smartphone 800 or other smart device may run one or two forms of software or "apps": (1) user apps (for residents), and (2) responder apps (for emergency services and building authorities). The smartphone 800 may run apps (1) or (2) that allow the user to manage the system and receive alerts. In particular, when a hazard is detected, a signal can be sent from the smart socket device to the smart user device and the app (1) or (2) can provide information about the hazard, e.g. that a fire has been detected, the location of the fire, and options for the user to deal with the fire, e.g. a signal can be sent to the isolation unit 700 to shut off the main power supply.

[0121] The processing unit 1100 may, for example, receive location information from the smartphone 800 to guide the user out of the building. In some examples, the system processor may also control aspects of the smartphone to, for example, switch on a "flashlight" function on the smartphone if it is detected that the main power in the building is off.

[0122] In the event that the connection between the communications hub and the cloud (1100) is lost, the electrical safety device can link (via WiFi or Bluetooth or other "localized" communications means) to any smart device that has the "app" installed to provide the same functionality as if the failure to connect to the cloud had not occurred. In this scenario, the smart devices form (at least temporarily) part of a mesh network.

[0123] The building layout data can be accessed for evacuation by evacuees and by emergency services for emergency response. This data is typically stored in the cloud and accessed with appropriate user rights and identity management. This data can also be provided to local hospitals, for example, to notify them of possible emergency admissions and prepare for those admissions. This information can be accessed by firefighters operating in the building in the event of a fire. In this scenario, the system acts as an enhanced "lookout", providing the commander and firefighters at the scene of the fire with as accurate a picture of the situation as possible while minimizing the risk to themselves.

[0124] The electrical safety system comprises a communication device for communicating data to building occupants. This may be in the form of one or more optical indicators 900 located throughout the building. For example, upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500, the optical indicators may be activated to show information to building occupants. The optical indicators may be in the form of dynamic signage 900 comprising configurable displays located on walls throughout the common areas of the building. If there is no risk of fire, these signs may appear blank. However, in response to a fire hazard being identified by the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500, the signs may be illuminated (e.g., by integrated LEDs) to show status updates or instructions (e.g., form or arrows, symbols or text) to safely guide occupants out of the building.

[0125] Alternatively, or in addition to the dynamic signage 900, the electrical safety system 1000 may include a communication device in the form of one or more speakers 950. The speakers may be configured to sound alarms and / or announcements in response to receiving a signal from the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500.

[0126] The dynamic signage 900 and the speaker 950 each include a wireless communication link for receiving signals transmitted from the processor 1100, for example via the Internet, whereby the optical indicators 900 and / or the speaker 950 may be activated.

[0127] The electrical safety system 1000 may further include a voice assistant alarm 1200, which is configured to notify the user upon receiving a signal from the smart socket device 100 / 200 / 300, 500. The voice assistant alarm may be configured to provide one or more of information regarding the type and location of the hazard, options for responding (e.g., emergency call services, activation of the isolation device 700), or information regarding how to safely exit the building to avoid the hazard. The voice assistant alarm includes a wireless communication link for receiving a signal transmitted from the processor 1100, for example, via the Internet.

[0128] FIG. 5 shows that the dynamic signage 900, speaker 950, and voice assistant alarm 1200 can communicate with the smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 indirectly via the smart hub 600 and processor 1100, but they can also form part of a local mesh network and their functions can be directly activated upon receiving signals from the smart socket devices 100 / 200 / 300, 500 in the local mesh network.

Claims

1. A socket installed to receive an electrical plug of an electrical device, A main current connector for connecting to a main current supply cable, A PCB comprising the conductor arranged such that current flows through the conductor between the main current connector and the electrical plug during use, A thermal sensor configured to detect a change in temperature of the conductor of the PCB, A processor in communication with the thermal sensor and configured to determine whether the detected temperature of the conductor of the PCB exhibits behavior indicative of a potential electrical hazard, A communication link configured to communicate with a remote device, a smart socket device.

2. The smart socket device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal sensor is configured to provide a non-contact measurement of the temperature of the conductor of the PCB during use.

3. The smart socket device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the detected temperature of the conductor exceeds a predetermined threshold.

4. The smart socket device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal sensor is an infrared sensor.

5. A first PCB on which the conductor is mounted, A second PCB including the thermal sensor and disposed adjacent to the first PCB, the smart socket device according to claim 1.

6. The smart socket device according to claim 5, wherein the first PCB includes a relay for disconnecting the main power supply to the device plugged into the socket.

7. The smart socket device according to claim 5, wherein the first PCB includes a current sensor for measuring the current flowing through the conductor.

8. The smart socket device according to claim 1, wherein the conductor comprises a conductive track extending across the surface of the PCB, and the thermal sensor is disposed so as to face the conductive track.

9. A first PCB on which the conductive track is disposed on the surface of the first PCB, A second PCB including the thermal sensor, the first and second PCBs being arranged such that the thermal sensor of the second PCB faces the conductive track of the first PCB, the second PCB, The smart socket device according to claim 8.

10. The first PCB is disposed between the socket and the second PCB, the first PCB includes a first surface facing the socket and a second opposing surface facing the second PCB, and the conductive track is disposed on the second surface. The smart socket device according to claim 9.

11. The smart socket device according to claim 1, further comprising a connector configured to contact a pin of the electrical plug when the conductor is received within the socket.

12. The socket is configured to receive a plug having a live pin and a neutral pin, and the PCB a live conductor configured to conduct current between the live main wire and the live pin, a neutral conductor configured to conduct current between the main neutral wire and the neutral pin, and the thermal sensor is configured to measure the temperature of the live conductor and / or the neutral conductor. The smart socket device according to claim 1.

13. The smart socket device according to claim 12, further comprising a first thermal sensor configured to measure the temperature of the live conductor and a second thermal sensor configured to measure the temperature of the neutral conductor.

14. The smart socket device according to claim 1, further comprising a ambient temperature sensor configured to measure the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the smart socket device.

15. The smart socket device according to claim 1, further comprising a relay configured to connect and disconnect the electrical plug from the main current connector, and the processor receives commands from a remote device via a communication link, the detected surface temperature exceeds a threshold, and is configured to control the relay in response to one or more of the data from a programmable timer within the smart socket device.

16. The smart socket device according to claim 1, further comprising a current sensor configured to detect the current passing through the conductor of the PCB, and the processor is configured to determine the presence of an electrical fault based on a combination of the data received from the current sensor and the data received from the thermal sensor. ​

17. The smart socket device according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether a rate of change of the detected temperature exhibits a specific behavior.

18. A smart socket device according to any of the preceding claims, and one or more remote devices, comprising: The smart socket device is configured to transmit a signal to the remote device using the communication link when the processor determines that the surface temperature of the conductor of the PCB exceeds the predetermined threshold value. An electrical safety system.

19. The electrical system comprises one or more smart socket devices and one or more remote devices, and the smart socket device and the remote device form a mesh network through which the smart socket device and the remote device can communicate. The electrical safety system according to claim 18.

20. The electrical safety system according to claim 19, wherein the smart socket device and the remote device are configured to communicate according to the OpenThread network protocol.

21. The electrical safety system according to claim 18, wherein at least one remote device comprises a smart user device, and the smart user device is configured to provide an audible or visual alert after receiving a signal from the smart socket device.

22. The electrical safety system according to claim 18, wherein at least one remote device comprises a dynamic sign with a configurable display, and the dynamic sign is configured to receive a signal from the smart socket and display information on the configurable display accordingly.

23. The electrical safety system according to claim 18, wherein at least one remote device comprises an isolation unit with a communication link, and the isolation unit is configured to limit the flow of water, gas or electricity through the isolation unit when receiving a signal from the smart socket device.

24. The electrical safety system according to claim 23, wherein at least one remote device comprises a smart user device, and the smart user device is configured to transmit a signal to the isolation unit to remotely control the isolation unit after receiving a signal from a smart socket device.

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