Wax dispersion liquid

Abstract

The present invention relates to aqueous wax dispersions containing hydrogenated rapeseed oil, methods for their preparation and their use as pearlescent agents and / or conditioners in personal care formulations, in particular for hair and / or body treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous wax dispersion containing hydrogenated rapeseed oil, a method for preparing them, and their use as pearlescent agents and / or conditioners in personal care formulations, particularly for hair and / or body treatment.

Background Art

[0002] In personal care products such as hair shampoo or body wash formulations, it is known to use a wax dispersion containing ethylene glycol distearate (=EGDS), which is a wax, as an excellent pearlescent agent to give them a shiny and luxurious appearance like pearls. However, in the personal care market, there is a tendency to replace all or part of the wax EDGS with natural-label waxes. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wax dispersion that does not contain ethylene oxide and / or ethylene glycol in its chemical structure.

[0003] WO 03 / 003991 pamphlet discloses a cosmetic preparation containing natural oils and glyceryl dioleate in semi-solid or solid form for the care of dry or damaged hair, for preventing dryness and split ends, and for increasing the shine of hair, particularly a hair preparation. Natural oils such as hydrogenated vegetable oils or glycerides are used as softening agents in combination with glyceryl dioleate in hair care preparations. Several natural oils or hydrogenated oils derived from various plants are listed, for example, Cremeol® HF-62 derived from hydrogenated vegetable oil; Cremeol® VP, which is a mixture of vegetable oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and candelilla wax, or Cremeol® SBE derived from shea butter.

[0004] Pamphlet WO 2020 / 229097 discloses an aqueous cosmetic preparation containing wax particles having an average particle size of 1.5 to 120 μm, which are useful as a conditioning pearlescent agent and / or opacifying agent. The wax is selected from glycerides or hydrogenated vegetable oils, waxes derived from plants or animals, synthetic waxes, etc. Hydrogenated rapeseed oil is mentioned as an example of a hydrogenated vegetable oil, but there is no example or hint as to how this special wax, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, is combined with a surfactant or emulsifier to obtain a stable aqueous wax dispersion having an excellent pearlescent effect and good storage stability.

[0005] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0247644 discloses a kit for dyeing and decoloring keratin-containing fibers containing agents A1, A2 and B, where, with respect to agent A2, an example A2d includes Cegesoft HF 62 (registered trademark) (= hydrogenated rapeseed oil), Eumulgin VL 75 (a mixture of lauryl glucoside + polyglyceryl dihydroxystearate + glycerol), Rewoteric AM (registered trademark) (cocoa amphoacetate) and Eutanol G (registered trademark) (= 2-octyldodecanol; so-called gell be alcohol).

[0006] There is a great need, but in practice it is difficult to replace EDGS in part or in whole with natural waxes without having deficiencies in performance such as appearance, pearlescent effect, viscosity and / or storage stability.

[0007] For example, it has been observed that aqueous wax dispersions containing natural waxes such as hydrogenated rapeseed oil and amphoteric surfactants show deficiencies in their storage stability, especially when stored for several weeks and / or when exposed to higher or lower temperatures. However, the wax dispersions themselves and personal care products containing them need to show good storage stability for several weeks without separation or reduction of pearlescence. Summary of the Invention Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] The object of the present invention was to provide an aqueous wax dispersion based only on natural waxes, which exhibits an excellent pearlescent effect in personal care compositions. This pearlescent effect must appear, at least, when squeezing out the personal care product or pumping it out of the bottle so that the user can take in their hand a personal care product with a pearlescent and shiny appearance. The pearlescent effect after using the pump or squeezing out must be equal or better compared to the effect without it.

[0009] Furthermore, the object of the present invention was to provide an aqueous wax dispersion based only on natural waxes, which has good storage stability at different temperatures and exhibits a low and stable viscosity range, especially after increasing or decreasing the temperature ( "swinging temperature viscosity"), and personal care formulations containing them.

[0010] Furthermore, the object of the present invention was to provide an aqueous wax dispersion based only on natural waxes, which has an excellent conditioning effect in personal care formulations for hair and body for improving its own and conditioning effects. Hair care formulations having such a wax dispersion must show improved wet combability, dry combability and / or reduced split ends after their use. In body care formulations, the use of such a wax dispersion must give a soft body feeling.

[0011] In a particular embodiment, the object of the present invention was to provide a wax dispersion having such properties without containing typical emulsifier or surfactant compounds containing alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide and / or sulfate groups.

[0012] Furthermore, an object of the present invention was to provide an aqueous wax dispersion based only on natural waxes having extremely small particle sites in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 μm in order to have excellent flow and pumping properties as well as a pearlescent effect.

[0013] Furthermore, an object of the present invention was to provide an aqueous wax dispersion based only on natural waxes, which can be used in hair and body care formulations and, if desired, can formulate hair and body care formulations without losing their advantageous properties and without containing surfactants containing ethylene oxide units and / or sulfate groups thereby.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] The present invention provides an aqueous dispersion of a natural wax useful as a pearlescent agent in personal care preparations containing the following (a) A natural wax selected from the group comprising 50 to 100% by weight (wt) of hydrogenated rapeseed oil, (b) A nonionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic alcohols and glycerol monoesters (c) Amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants (d) An optional additional nonionic surfactant different from (b), (e) An optional adjuvant or additive containing salts, and (f) Water.

[0015] In the context of the present invention, a "conditioner" is a composition in the field of cosmetic formulations that exhibits a conditioning effect when applied to hair and / or skin.

[0016] In the context of the present invention, a composition has a conditioning effect on the skin if, after direct contact with human skin, it gives a preferred skin feel, which is actually positively evaluated by testers in a panel test based on sensory impressions related to specific parameters such as "skin dryness", "skin softness", etc.

[0017] In the context of the present invention, a composition has a conditioning effect on the hair if it shows improved combability after its treatment. Better combability can occur in both the wet and / or dry state, over the length of the hair and at the hair tips (referred to as disentanglability). The conditioning composition also improves the sensory properties of the hair such as smoothness, softness, suppleness, hair shine, low static charge and better shapability or cutting.

[0018] In the context of the present invention, "split ends" means broken hair fibers.

[0019] In the context of the present invention, "pearlescent agent" means a compound or formulation having a pearlescent effect or pearlescent appearance, which gives a shiny, pearlescent, glittering effect to cosmetics.

[0020] In the context of the present invention, the particle size (d50 and / or d90) and particle size distribution in μm were measured by laser diffraction using a Mastersizer (registered trademark) 2000 instrument from MALVERN INSTRUMENTS GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 4 / 1, 71083 Herrenberg, Germany and the corresponding product description.

[0021] In the context of the present invention, the melting point was measured by using DSC: differential scanning calorimetry.

[0022] In the context of the present invention, "natural wax" means a substance that is natural, of plant or animal origin, and has a melting point above 25°C, preferably above 50°C, particularly above 80°C. The melting point was measured according to ISO 6321 at 21°C. The term "natural wax" includes both waxes obtained by partial or total hydrogenation of natural animal and / or plant-derived substances and waxes that occur naturally as waxes.

[0023] The wax dispersion according to the present invention contains a natural wax selected from the group consisting of (a) 50 to 100% by weight (wt) of hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

[0024] This means that the natural wax can be a mixture of natural waxes containing at least 50 wt% of hydrogenated rapeseed oil, or that hydrogenated rapeseed oil is the only natural wax (100 wt%).

[0025] Hydrogenated rapeseed oil is a triglyceride ester of fatty acids, where the unsaturated fatty acids have been hydrogenated, i.e., converted to saturated fatty acids.

[0026] Typical examples of natural waxes are candelilla wax, carnauba wax, wood wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice bran wax, sugarcane wax, oricury wax, shea butter (Butyrospermum Parkii), beeswax, shellac wax, sunflower wax, smac wax, whale wax, lanolin (wool wax), uropygial grease, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax) or hydrogenated jojoba wax or hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

[0027] According to the present invention, based on the natural wax, at least 50 wt% to 100 wt%, particularly 100 wt% of the natural wax is hydrogenated rapeseed oil; that is, it is preferred that the natural wax (a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

[0028] Preferred according to the present invention is hydrogenated rapeseed oil as a natural wax containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a saturated fatty acid mixture consisting of 0 to 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 to 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 to 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 to 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

[0029] By-products such as diesters of glycerides or esters of polyglycerols or glycerol esters of unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acids may be present in the hydrogenated rapeseed oil up to 10 wt% based on the hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

[0030] However, particularly preferred according to the present invention is hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing more than 90 wt%, more preferably 95 to 100 wt%, of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture consisting of the following (wt%): Palmityl acid: C16 approximately 5% Stearyl acid C18 approximately 40% Tetradecyleicosanol acid C20 approximately 10% Behenyl acid C22 approximately 45%.

[0031] An example of a commercially available product of hydrogenated rapeseed oil is Cegesoft® HF 62 from BASF.

[0032] The wax dispersion of the present invention contains natural wax (a) in an amount range preferably of 15 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 25% by weight, based on the wax dispersion.

[0033] The wax dispersion of the present invention contains a nonionic emulsifier (b) selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic alcohols and glycerol monoesters.

[0034] The linear aliphatic alcohol according to the present invention is an aliphatic alcohol that is not branched at the C-C bond. Examples of linear aliphatic alcohols are linear aliphatic alcohols and / or hydroxy aliphatic alcohols containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably linear saturated aliphatic alcohols and / or hydroxy aliphatic alcohols having 16 and / or 18 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is an aliphatic alcohol mixture of 50:50 (wt) cetyl alcohol:stearyl alcohol, which is commercially available from BASF personal Care and Nutrition GmbH under the name Lanette® O.

[0035] Examples of glycerol monoesters are monoglycerides of hydroxy fatty acids, such as monoglyceryl hydroxystearate, monoglyceryl isostearate, monoglyceryl oleate, monoglyceryl ricinoleate, monoglyceryl linoleate, monoglyceryl linolenate, monoglyceryl stearate and / or monoglyceryl oleic stearic acid, fatty acids, in particular linear and / or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or linear and / or branched hydroxy fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Preferred are glycerol monoesters of linear saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate.

[0036] Particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention is the non-ionic emulsifier b) selected from the group consisting of glycerol monoesters of linear saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate.

[0037] Among these products, highly preferred are industrial esters of fatty acid monoglycerides which may still contain small amounts of glycerol and / or diglyceride esters and / or triglycerides due to the manufacturing process. Preferred esters are industrial mixtures of fatty acid monoglycerides having a monoglyceride content in the range of 50 to 95 wt%, preferably 60 to 90 wt%. Particularly preferred are (industrial) glycerol and mono-fatty acid esters of fatty acid mixtures containing 90 to 100 wt% oleic acid based on the fatty acid mixture.

[0038] Such industrial glycerol monooleate is commercially available, for example, from BASF personal Care and Nutrition GmbH as Monomuls® 90 / 18.

[0039] According to the present invention, it is preferred that the wax dispersion contains the nonionic emulsifier b) in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 wt% based on the wax dispersion.

[0040] According to the present invention, the wax dispersion further preferably contains an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant (c) selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates.

[0041] Betaines are known surfactants mainly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably carboxymethylation, of amine compounds. The starting materials are preferably condensed with a halocarboxylic acid or its salt, more specifically sodium chloroacetate. Examples of suitable betaines are carboxyalkylation products of secondary and especially tertiary amines corresponding to formula (I): [Chemical formula] (wherein R 1 represents an alkyl and / or alkenyl group containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 3represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is a number from 1 to 6, and X is an alkali metal and / or an alkaline earth metal or ammonium). Typical examples are hexylmethylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, decyldimethylamine, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine, dodecylethylmethylamine, C 12 / 14 coconut alkyl dimethylamine, myristyl dimethylamine, cetyl dimethylamine, stearyl dimethylamine, stearylethylmethylamine, oleyl dimethylamine, C 16 / 18 tallow alkyl dimethylamine and carboxymethylated products of these industrial mixtures.

[0042] Other suitable betaines are carboxyalkylated products of amidoamines corresponding to formula (II): [Chemical formula] (wherein R 6 CO is an aliphatic acyl group containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, m is a number from 1 to 3, R 4 is hydrogen or C 1~4 alkyl group, R 5 is C 1~4 alkyl group, n is a number from 1 to 6, and X is an alkali metal and / or an alkaline earth metal or ammonium). Typical examples are fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and industrial mixtures thereof, and reaction products of N,N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N,N-diethylaminoethylamine and N,N-diethylaminopropylamine condensed with sodium chloroacetate. Known by the CTFA name of cocamidopropyl betaine, C 8 / 18It is preferred to use the condensation product of coco fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate. Betaines differentiated by high purity are particularly preferred; in other words, low-salt betaines having a maximum salt content of 13% by weight, preferably 11% by weight, more particularly 7% by weight based on the active substance are used. The corresponding salts depend on the production of the amphoteric surfactant; in the most common case, it is sodium chloride. In a particularly preferred embodiment, these betaines also have a low content of free fatty acids of at most 4% by weight, preferably at most 3% by weight based on the active substance.

[0043] Furthermore, imidazolinium betaines are also included. These substances are also known substances that can be obtained, for example, by cyclocondensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with a polyfunctional amine such as aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylenetriamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. A typical example is the condensation product of the above-mentioned fatty acid and AEEA, preferably an imidazoline based on lauric acid or also C 12 / 14 a condensation product with coconut oil fatty acid, which is then betainized with sodium chloroacetate.

[0044] Suitable cocoamidopropyl betaines such as Dehyton® PK 45 (supplied by BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH) are commercially available.

[0045] It is preferred that the wax dispersion of the present invention contains the surfactant c) in an amount range of 10 to 25 wt% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

[0046] According to the present invention, the wax dispersion may contain an optional nonionic surfactant (d) different from (b), and is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl and / or alkenyl glucamides.

[0047] Alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglycosides are known nonionic surfactants having, in particular, the formula (III): RO-[G]p (III) (wherein - R is an alkyl / alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, - G is a sugar group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, - p is a number from 1 to 10).

[0048] They can be obtained by relevant methods of organic chemical preparation. Alkyl / alkenyl polyglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably from glucose. Thus, preferred alkyl polyglycosides are alkyl polyglucosides. The exponent p in the general formula (III) is a number from 1 to 10, which indicates the degree of polymerization (DP), i.e., the distribution of mono- and polyglycosides. The p in a given compound must always be an integer, here in particular values p = 1 to 6 can be assumed, and the value p of a specific alkyl / alkenyl polyglycoside is a parameter that is analytically determined and calculated and is in most cases a fraction. Preferably, alkyl / alkenyl polyglycosides are used with an average degree of polymerization p of 1.1 to 3.0. From the perspective of technical applications, those with a degree of polymerization less than 1.7, in particular 1.2 to 1.7, are preferred.

[0049] The alkyl and / or alkenyl group R can be derived from primary alcohols having 6 to 22, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical examples are capron alcohol, capryl alcohol, decyl alcohol and undecyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and industrial grade mixtures thereof.

[0050] In the context of the present invention, mixtures of alkyl polyglycosides of formula (III) in which R is derived from a primary saturated alcohol mixture, for example from a primary alcohol mixture comprising 10 to 50% by weight of C8 / C10 primary alcohols and 50 to 90% by weight of C12 - C16 primary saturated alcohols, are particularly preferred. In particular, R derived from a primary saturated alcohol mixture comprising 75 to 95% by weight of primary higher alcohols having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, derived from a fatty acid mixture obtained from coconut and having 12 to 16 carbon atoms, is even more preferred.

[0051] Suitable products are both Plantacare® 2000 and Plantacare® 818, available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH.

[0052] So-called "alkyl and / or alkenyl glucamides" or "N-alkyl / alkenyl glucamides" are known products and are derived from glucuronic acid and fatty acids. Preferred are N-alkyl glucamides derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and industrial mixtures thereof. In particular, the use of N-methyl glucamide based on industrial C12 - C14 coconut oil fatty acid fractions is particularly preferred. Suitable products are Glucopure® Foam or Glucopure® Sense, available from Clariant.

[0053] According to the invention, the wax dispersion contains a non-ionic surfactant (d) different from (b), preferably in an amount in the range from 0 to 5% by weight, based on the wax dispersion. According to one embodiment, the wax dispersion of the invention does not contain a non-ionic surfactant (d).

[0054] According to the invention, the wax dispersion may contain other auxiliary agents or additives (e) comprising salts, preferably in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the wax dispersion.

[0055] Examples of other auxiliaries are thickeners, complexing agents, non-aqueous solvents, preservatives, salts and / or pH adjusters. It is preferred not to add any salts, but depending on the production of the betaine surfactant (c), low levels of salts such as sodium chloride or low levels of free fatty acids may be possible by-products.

[0056] Generally, it is convenient to use preservatives such as benzoic acid and / or pH adjusters such as citric acid to adjust the pH as desired. According to the present invention, it is preferred that only preservatives and / or pH adjusters and / or salts are present as auxiliaries, but it is possible to add further auxiliaries.

[0057] According to the present invention, the wax dispersion is an aqueous dispersion, characterized in that it contains water (f) in an amount up to 100% by weight, based on the wax dispersion.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wax dispersion contains the following a) Natural waxes selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 - 10 wt% C16 fatty acids, 35 - 45 wt% C18 fatty acids, 5 - 15 wt% C20 fatty acids and 40 - 50 wt% C22 fatty acids, based on the hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) Non-ionic emulsifiers selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) Amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates and d) Optional non-ionic surfactants different from (b), selected from the group consisting of alkyl / alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl / alkenyl glucamides (e) Other auxiliaries or additives containing salts, and (f) Water.

[0059] According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous wax dispersion contains the following a) 15 - 40 wt% of natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 - 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 - 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 - 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 - 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) 0.5 - 5.0 wt% of a non - ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) 10.0 - 25.0 wt% of an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates, in particular cocoamidopropyl betaine d) 0.0 - 5.0 wt% of a non - ionic surfactant different from (b), selected from the group consisting of alkyl / alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl / alkenyl glucamides e) 0.1 - 15 wt% of other auxiliary agents or additives containing salts, in particular preservatives and / or pH adjusters and / or salts and (f) Water up to 100 wt% based on the wax dispersion.

[0060] According to the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous wax dispersion consists of the following a) 15 - 40 wt% of natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 - 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 - 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 - 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 - 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) 0.5 - 5.0 wt% of a non - ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) 10.0 - 25.0 wt% of an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates, in particular cocoamidopropyl betaine (e) 0.1 to 15 wt% of other auxiliaries or additives, especially preservatives and / or pH adjusters and / or salts, including salts (f) Water up to 100 wt% based on the wax dispersion.

[0061] Particularly preferred is an aqueous wax dispersion that basically does not contain components containing one or more units of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, that is, adducts of one or more ethylene oxides and / or one or more propylene oxides were not contained in the wax dispersion as components. This includes that the aqueous wax dispersion basically does not contain components containing derivatives such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol or ethylene glycol mono- or distearate or ethylene glycol ether compounds.

[0062] Furthermore, it is preferable that the defined wax a), especially the natural wax hydrogenated rapeseed oil, has an average particle size d50 of 0.1 to 1.0 μm, especially 0.1 to 0.2 μm, measured by laser diffraction using Mastersizer 2000 (registered trademark).

[0063] A further object of the present invention is a process for producing the aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1, wherein components (a), (b) and (c) and / or optionally (d) are added to a part of the total water (f), the mixture is heated with stirring to about 85 - 95 °C, cooled to about 40 - 60 °C, and then the remaining part of components (e) and water (f) are added.

[0064] A further object of the present invention is the use of the aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1 or obtained by the method claims of the present invention, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion, in a personal care composition as a pearlescent agent for hair and body treatments, especially in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the personal care composition.

[0065] A further object of the present invention is the use of an aqueous wax dispersion as a conditioner in a personal care composition for hair treatment, in particular for improving combability when dry and / or when wet, preferably calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the personal care composition, as described in claim 1 or obtained by the method claims of the present invention.

[0066] A further object of the present invention is the use of an aqueous wax dispersion as a conditioner in a personal care composition for body treatment, in particular for improving the sensoric feeling of the body, preferably calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the personal care composition, as described in claim 1 or obtained by the method claims of the present invention.

[0067] It is preferred to use the aqueous wax dispersion according to the claims, which is essentially free of components containing one or more units of ethylene - and / or propylene oxide, in a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment.

[0068] It is preferred to use the aqueous wax dispersion according to the claims, which is essentially free of surfactants containing sulfate groups, in a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment.

[0069] A further object of the present invention is a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, comprising A) an aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 18, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, in particular 0.25 wt% to 3 wt%, based on the personal care composition, and B) one or more detergency surfactants selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non - ionic surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, and C) an optional cationic polymer, and D) optional other adjuvants or additives including salts and water.

[0070] Personal care compositions are understood herein to be all compositions known to those skilled in the art that are intended to be applied topically, solely or mainly, to the human body and / or hair, for the purpose of cleansing, grooming, protecting, and maintaining in good condition, perfuming, changing appearance, or influencing. Preferably, the personal care composition can be a foam bath, shower gel, shower bath, shower milk, shower cream, shampoo, hair mask, hair milk and hair conditioner or hair shampoo soap or body shampoo soap.

[0071] Component A) is the wax dispersion of the present invention already disclosed in detail above.

[0072] Component B) is a surfactant or surfactant mixture selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0073] Examples of anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylaminoglutamates or N-acylamino such as N-acylamino acid salts, alkyl polyglucoside sulfates, alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucoside carboxylates, alkyl(alkenyl) polyglycol ether citrates, C 8 -C30 Protein fatty acid condensates, such as Lamepon® and alkyl (ether) phosphates, which are condensation products of fatty acids and protein hydrolysates. Generally, the alkyl- and / or alkenyl residues have 8 to 30, especially 12 to 24 carbon atoms. When the anionic surfactant contains a polyglycol ether chain, the polyglycol ether chain may have a conventional homolog distribution, but preferably has a narrow homolog distribution.

[0074] Alkyl ether sulfates ("ether sulfates") are known anionic surfactants produced on an industrial scale by the sulfation of aliphatic alcohol polyglycol ethers or oxo alcohol polyglycol ethers with SO3 or chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and subsequent neutralization. Ether sulfates can have both a conventional homolog distribution and a narrow homolog distribution. On average, ether sulfates based on adducts of 1 to 6 moles and preferably 1 to 3 moles of ethylene oxide with industrial C12 / 14 or C12 / 18 coconut oil aliphatic alcohol fractions are particularly preferably used in the form of their sodium and / or magnesium salts.

[0075] Alkyl sulfates ("sulfates") are known anionic surfactants based on alcohols. The products are commercially available. Sulfates based on aliphatic alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, very particularly sulfates based on industrial C12 / 14 or C12 / 18 coconut oil aliphatic alcohol fractions, are preferably used in the form of their sodium and / or ammonium salts.

[0076] A further anionic surfactant useful within the context of the present invention is the alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalt according to formula (IV) R7CH(SO 3 M1)COOM2 (IV) (In the formula, the group R7 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and the groups M1 and M2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Ca / 2, Mg / 2, ammonium, and alkanolamine). In this regard, particularly preferred alkanolamines are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and monoisopropanolamine.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the group R7 in formula (IV) is a saturated, linear alkyl group having 10 to 16 carbon atoms. The groups M1 and M2 in formula (IV) are preferably selected from the group consisting of H (hydrogen) and Na (sodium). The compound can be prepared by all methods appropriately known to those skilled in the art.

[0078] A particularly preferred preparation method herein is the sulfation of the corresponding carboxylic acid. Here, the corresponding carboxylic acid, particularly the corresponding fatty acid, is reacted with gaseous sulfur trioxide, and the sulfur trioxide is preferably used in an amount such that the molar ratio of SO 3 to the fatty acid is in the range of 1.0:1 to 1.1:1. The crude product thus obtained is an acidic sulfation product, which is then partially or completely neutralized, with complete neutralization with an aqueous NaOH solution being preferred. Optionally, purification steps and / or decolorization (to adjust the product to the desired light color) can also be performed. A preferred alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalt is an industrial grade mixture of alpha-sulfo fatty acid disalts, commercially available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH as Texapon SFA®.

[0079] Further possible anionic surfactants are, in particular, alkyl(alkenyl) polyglycol ether citrates, which are mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters of citric acid and alkoxylated alcohols, and it is particularly preferred to use alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether citrates based on addition products of industrial grades of C12-C18-, in particular C12-C14-fatty alcohol fractions with 5 to 10, in particular approximately 7 moles of ethylene oxide. For example, the polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, laureth-7 citrate, available under the name Plantapon® LC7 (BASF & Personal Care & Nutrition GmbH) is particularly preferred.

[0080] Further anionic surfactants useful within the context of the present invention are N-acyl amino acid salts. N-acyl amino acid salts are known products and can be prepared in various ways, for example, using Schotten-Baumann chemistry from the corresponding aliphatic acyl chlorides and amino acid salts, or from the corresponding fatty acids and amino alcohols to give aliphatic amides, which are then oxidized to give N-acyl amino acid salts, or according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,646, by contacting aminocarboxylic acids or their metal salts with lower alkyl carboxylic acid esters in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholate, or according to WO 97 / 03043, by reacting mono-, di- or triglycerides with amino acid salts in the presence of a strong base.

[0081] Preferred N-acyl amino acid salts are selected from the group consisting of sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium myristyl glycinate, sodium lauryl glycinate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium myristyl glutamate, sodium lauryl glutamate and / or their disalts and / or combinations thereof, and in particular sodium cocoyl glutamate and disodium cocoyl glutamate available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH as Plantapon® ACG 50.

[0082] Additional useful anionic surfactants within the context of the present invention are selected from the group of alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucoside carboxylates. Alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucoside carboxylates are known products and can be prepared from alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucosides and ω-halocarboxylic acids in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide according to WO 02 / 090369 pamphlet. Particularly preferred is sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate.

[0083] Also suitable as anionic surfactants are protein fatty acid condensates, which can be prepared by all methods appropriately known to those skilled in the art, for example, by reaction of the corresponding fatty acid chlorides with hydrolyzed proteins in an alkaline medium. Useful are in particular C12-C24 fatty acid condensation products of protein hydrolyzates based on wheat or soy or rice, very particularly the C12-C24 condensation product of a soy protein hydrolyzate commercially available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH under the name Plantapon® Soy.

[0084] Very preferred anionic surfactants according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, N-acyl amino acid salts, alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucoside carboxylates and protein fatty acid condensates.

[0085] Examples of nonionic surfactants are as follows - Addition products of 2 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 20 moles of propylene oxide to linear aliphatic alcohols having 8 to 40 carbon atoms, to fatty acids having 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and to alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; - Addition products of 1 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide to glycerol, C 12 / 18 fatty acid mono- and / or diesters; - Partial esters of glycerol, such as C12 / 18-fatty acid mono- and / or diesters of glycerol - C12 / 18-fatty acid mono- and / or diesters of sorbitol mono- and diesters - Alkyl mono- and / or polyglycosides having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and optionally their ethoxylated analogs; - Addition products of 7 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide to castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil; - Polyol and / or polyglycerol esters, such as, for example, polyglycerol diisostearate or polyglycerol dimerate or polyglycerol 12-hydroxystearate; - Addition products of 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide to castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil; - Linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C 6 -C 22 - Partial esters based on fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid, and pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (e.g., methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g., cellulose), or mixed esters such as, for example, glyceryl citrate stearate and glyceryl lactate stearate; - Wool wax alcohol; - Amino sugars such as, for example, glucamine. - Polyalkylene glycols.

[0086] Addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, mono- and diesters of fatty acids with glycerol and mono- and diesters of sorbitol, or to castor oil are known commercially available products. These are homologous mixtures and the average degree of alkoxylation is 1 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide.

[0087] Convenient compounds from the group of nonionic surfactants are polyols, especially C3 -C 6 - partial esters of polyols, such as glyceryl monoesters, partial esters of pentaerythritol or sugar esters, such as sucrose or sorbitol esters, and the like.

[0088] Preferred partial esters of polyols are monoglycerides of fatty acids, especially linear and / or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or linear and / or branched hydroxy fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and / or monoglycerides and / or diesters of glycerol with hydroxy stearic acid monoglyceride, isostearic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride, ricinoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid monoglyceride, linolenic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid monoglyceride and / or stearic acid oleic acid monoglyceride. Preferred are glycerol monoesters of linear saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids, especially glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate.

[0089] Highly preferred is industrial glycerol monooleate, which has already been disclosed in more detail as component b) of the wax dispersion of the present invention and is commercially available, for example, from BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH under the name Monomuls® 90 / 18.

[0090] Additional useful nonionic surfactants are polyglycerol esters of fatty acids optionally having additional hydroxyl groups, such as the reaction product of poly-12-hydroxystearic acid and polyglycerol, which has already been disclosed in more detail as component b) of the wax dispersion of the present invention and is commercially available, for example, from BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH under the name Dehymuls® PGPH.

[0091] Alkyl and / or (Alkyl / and or) alkenyl polyglycosides are particularly useful as nonionic surfactants as component B) in the context of personal care compositions. Alkyl and / or (Alkyl / and or) alkenyl polyglycosides have already been disclosed as optional component d) of the wax dispersion of the present invention (see formula (III) and description). Useful nonionic surfactants as component B) preferably have a C according to formula (III) with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group R and a degree of polymerization G within 1.2 to 1.7 8 -C 22 -alkyl mono- and polyglycosides. Highly preferred are the same C8-C22-alkyl mono- and polyglycosides discussed above as optional component d), i.e. in particular those where R is derived from a primary saturated alcohol mixture, for example a primary alcohol mixture containing 10-50% by weight of C8 / C10 primary alcohols and 50-90% by weight of C12-C16 primary saturated alcohols. Also preferred are those derived from a primary saturated alcohol mixture containing 75-95% by weight of primary higher alcohols having 10-22 carbon atoms, in particular preferably having 12-16 carbon atoms, and derived from a fatty acid mixture obtained from coconut. Suitable products are Plantacare® 2000 and Plantacare® 818, both available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH.

[0092] Useful nonionic surfactants so-called "alkyl glucamides" or "N-alkyl glucamides" are known products and have already been discussed in the context of optional component d) of the wax dispersion. The same products mentioned as d) are preferred as nonionic surfactant B).

[0093] The preferred non-ionic surfactant B) according to the present invention is selected from the group consisting of monoesters of fatty acids and glycerol and alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglycosides, and very preferably glycerol monostearate, glycerol monooleate and C8-C22 alkyl mono- and polyglucosides within a degree of polymerization G of 1.2 to 1.7.

[0094] Examples of amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants as component B) have already been disclosed in the context of component c) as amphoacetates and / or betaines corresponding to formula (II) and (I). Preferred betaines corresponding to formula (I) are alkyldimethylbetaines, especially those based on coconut alkyl groups. Preferred amphoacetates corresponding to formula (II) are condensation products of fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate, especially of coconut fatty acids, and are known under the INCI name of cocoamidopropyl betaine.

[0095] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the personal care composition is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, N-acyl amino acid salts, alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglycoside carboxylates, protein fatty acid condensates, monoesters of fatty acids and glycerol, alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglycosides, alkyldimethylbetaines, condensation products of fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate, and particularly preferably one or more detergency surfactants selected from N-acyl amino acid salts, monoesters of fatty acids and glycerol, alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglycosides, alkyldimethylbetaines, condensation products of fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate, comprising.

[0096] It is preferred to use anionic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants and / or non-ionic surfactant B) in a total amount of 1.0 to 30 wt%, particularly 5.0 to 25.0 wt%, calculated as active substance, based on the personal care composition.

[0097] Optional component C) is a cationic polymer. Useful cationic polymers include cationic guar polymers, cationic non-guar galactomannan polymers, cationic tapioca polymers, cationic copolymers of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, and / or synthetic non-crosslinked cationic polymers. Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose obtained under the name Polymer JR 400 (registered trademark) from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts (alts) and acrylamide, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers, such as Luviquat (registered trademark) (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat (registered trademark) L, Gruenau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine (registered trademark), Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat (registered trademark) 550, Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides and their crosslinked water-soluble polymers, cationic chitin derivatives, such as optionally microcrystalline-distributed quaternized chitosan, condensation products of dihaloalkyls, such as dibromobutane, and bis-dialkylamines, such as bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gums, such as Celanese's Jaguar (registered trademark) CBS, Jaguar (registered trademark) C-17, Jaguar (registered trademark) C-16, etc., quaternary ammonium salt polymers, such as Miranol's Mirapol (registered trademark) A-15, Mirapol (registered trademark) AD-1, Mirapol (registered trademark) AZ-1, etc.

[0098] In particular, the personal care composition may contain a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of cationic modified cellulose derivatives, PQ 10, PQ 67, cationic modified guar derivatives such as Dehyquart® Guar N, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, cationic homo- or copolymers based on acrylamide, cationic homo- or copolymers based on vinylpyrrolidone, cationic homo- or copolymers based on quaternized vinylimidazole, and cationic homo- or copolymers based on methacrylate.

[0099] In particular, a cationic modified guar derivative, preferably guar gum, 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether, chloride; INCI: guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride is present and is commercially available from BASF Personal Care Nutrition GmbH as Dehyquart® Guar N.

[0100] In the personal care composition, such a cationic polymer is preferably used in an amount of 0 to 5 wt%, particularly 0.01 to 1.0 wt%. In a personal care composition for hair treatment such as shampoo or conditioner, such a cationic polymer is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% calculated as the active substance based on the personal care composition.

[0101] Optional component D) depends on the end-use application of the personal care composition and may include a series of further auxiliaries and additives such as water, conditioning agents, pearlescent agents, viscosity reducers, thickeners, salts, water retention agents, lipid layer enhancers, superfatting agents, stabilizers, polymers, fats, waxes, lecithin, protein hydrolyates, phospholipids, active ingredients of biological origin, UV sunscreen factors, antioxidants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film-forming agents, swelling agents, hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, essential oils, dyes, etc.

[0102] The personal care composition can further comprise a polyol as an optional ingredient to reduce its viscosity. Suitable polyols preferably contain from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups and may be modified by nitrogen and / or amino groups. Typical examples are glycerol; alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of from 100 to 1,000 daltons; industrial polyglycerol mixtures having a self-condensation degree of from 1.5 to 10, such as industrial diglycerol mixtures having a diglycerol content of from 40 to 50% by weight; methylol compounds, especially trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol; lower alkyl glucosides, especially those containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as methyl and butyl glucoside; sugar alcohols containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol; amino sugars such as glucamine; and dialcohol amines such as diethanolamine or 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol.

[0103] The polyol is typically used in an amount of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the personal care composition. When a larger amount of polyol, preferably glycerol or ethylene glycol, is used, the personal care composition is simultaneously stabilized against microbial attack. Further, when glycerol is used, it has an additional effect as a water retention agent in the personal care composition.

[0104] In personal care compositions that use oils, such as in shower oils or bath oils, for example, geraniol based on aliphatic alcohols containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms, esters of linear C6 - 22 fatty acids and linear C6 - 22 aliphatic alcohols, esters of branched - chain C6 - 13 carboxylic acids and linear C6 - 22 aliphatic alcohols, esters of linear C6 - 22 fatty acids and branched - chain alcohols such as 2 - ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids and linear or branched C6 - 22 aliphatic alcohols, triglycerides based on C6 - 10 fatty acids, liquid mono - / di - / triglyceride mixtures based on C6 - 18 fatty acids, esters of C6 - 22 aliphatic alcohols and / or geraniol and aromatic carboxylic acids, vegetable oils, branched - chain primary alcohols, C6 - 22 aliphatic alcohol carbonates, geranyl carbonates, benzoic acid and / or esters of dialkyl ethers containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group are recommended for use.

[0105] Superfatting agents can be selected from substances such as lanolin and lecithin and also polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides, and fatty acid alkanolamides also function as foam stabilizers.

[0106] Lipid layer enhancers can be selected from polyethylene glycol glycerol esters, mixtures of dicaprylyl ether and aliphatic alcohols, polyglycerol poly - 12 - hydroxystearate and / or mixtures of alkyl polyglycosides and monoesters of glycerol.

[0107] The consistency factors mainly used are aliphatic alcohols or hydroxyaliphatic alcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy - fatty acids. Combinations of these substances with alkyl polyglycosides and / or fatty acid N - methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly - 12 - hydroxystearate are preferably used.

[0108] Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil type (hydrophilic silica), polysaccharides, more particularly xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar, alginate and tylose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, as well as relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycol monoesters and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates (e.g. Carbopols® [Goodrich] or Synthalens® [Sigma]), polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride. Preferred are thickeners based on xanthan gum such as Rheocare® XGN commercially available from BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH.

[0109] For example, metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium stearate or ricinoleate, aluminium and / or zinc can be used as stabilizers. Salts such as sodium chloride can be incorporated as by-products or as rheology modifiers.

[0110] In the context of the present invention, agents of biological origin are, for example, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudo-ceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes.

[0111] Furthermore, coating formers may be present. Common coating formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid and its salts and similar compounds.

[0112] Typical water-soluble additives are, for example, preservatives, water-soluble fragrances, pH control agents such as buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners such as water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and the like.

[0113] Suitable anti-dandruff agents are climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrithione.

[0114] Furthermore, hydrotropes such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or polyols can be used to improve the flow behavior.

[0115] Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid, benzoic acid and its salts and other types of compounds known to those skilled in the art. Preferred are benzoic acid and its salts as preservatives.

[0116] Suitable pH adjusters (= pH control agents) are citric acid and other known acids which can be buffered. It is preferred to use citric acid to adjust it to the same range as the natural pH of human skin.

[0117] Suitable perfume oils are mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances include flower extracts (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stem and leaf extracts (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruit extracts (anise, coriander, star anise, juniper), peel extracts (bergamot, lemon, orange), root extracts (nutmeg, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calamus), wood extracts (pine, sandalwood, guaiacwood, cedarwood, rosewood), herb and grass extracts (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), needle and twig extracts (fir, spruce, pine, mountain pine), resin and balsam extracts (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, frankincense, opoponax). Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon types. Other suitable perfume oils are generally essential oils with relatively low volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components.

[0118] If desired, so-called "active substances", i.e., components that improve the properties of the hair and / or body, such as strengthening of the hair, reduction of split ends, or improvement of the shine or conditioning of the hair. Preferred are keratin or protein hydrolyzates based on wheat, rice and / or soy, such as commercially available Nutrilan® Keratin W PP, Gluadin® WLM Benz, Gluadin® WK, Gluadin® WP; Nutrilan® LM, Plantapon® Kera-PLM, etc. It is also possible to add small amounts of free amino acids such as lysine or arginine.

[0119] Useful conditioning agents are, for example, the cationic polymers disclosed as optional component C), alone or in combination with carrier oils and / or fatty alcohols. Furthermore, most of the above-mentioned "active substances" also have conditioning properties.

[0120] If desired, it is possible to add an aqueous dispersion based on a pearlescent agent known in the art, for example, ethylene glycol distearate wax, which is a wax.

[0121] According to the present invention, water is one of the other components D).

[0122] It is preferable to use these other components D) in an amount up to 100 wt% based on the personal care composition.

[0123] Particularly preferred is a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, comprising A) the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 19, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and being 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly 0.25 wt% to 3 wt% based on the personal care composition, and B) one or more detergency surfactants selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, calculated as active substances and being 1.0 to 30 wt%, particularly 5.0 to 25 wt% based on the personal care composition, and C) a cationic polymer calculated as active substance and being 0 to 5 wt%, particularly 0.01 to 1 wt% based on the personal care composition, and D) other components, adjuvants or additives containing salts and water, up to 100 wt%.

[0124] Highly particularly preferred is a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, comprising the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 19, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and being 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly 0.25 wt% to 3 wt% based on the personal care composition, and One or more detergency surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, N-acyl amino acid salts, alkyl- and / or alkenyl polyglucoside carboxylates, protein fatty acid condensates, monoesters of fatty acids and glycerol, alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglucosides, alkyl dimethyl betaines, and condensation products of fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate, calculated as active substances and based on the personal care composition, 1.0 to 30 wt%, especially 5.0 to 25 wt%. A cationic polymer selected from the group of cationically modified guar derivatives, calculated as active substances and based on the personal care composition, 0.01 to 1 wt%. Other adjuvants or additives including salts and water up to 100 wt%.

[0125] Most preferably, a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, comprising the following A) The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 19, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and based on the personal care composition, 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, especially 0.25 wt% to 3 wt%, and B) One or more detergency surfactants selected from the group consisting of N-acyl amino acid salts, monoesters of fatty acids and glycerol, alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglucosides, alkyl dimethyl betaines, and condensation products of fatty acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide and sodium chloroacetate, calculated as active substances and based on the personal care composition, 1.0 to 30 wt%, especially 5.0 to 25 wt%. C) A cationic polymer selected from the group of cationically modified guar derivatives, calculated as active substances and based on the personal care composition, 0.01 to 1 wt%. D) Other adjuvants or additives including salts and water up to 100 wt%.

[0126] However, according to the present invention, it is preferred that none of the compounds of the personal care composition contain ethylene and / or propylene oxide units.

[0127] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is highly preferable that none of the surfactants in the personal care composition contain sulfate groups.

Example

[0128] Example 1: Wax dispersions with hydrogenated rapeseed oil and their properties The wax dispersions were prepared by mixing all the compounds listed in Table 1a below. First, 2 / 3 of the water mentioned was heated to 90 °C, and compounds a) to c) were added in the stated amounts (calculated as % by weight and as active substance), and stirred. After cooling to about 60 °C, the remaining 1 / 3 of the water was added with stirring. Next, after cooling to about 40 °C, sodium benzoate and citric acid (50 wt% solution; as such amount; not calculated as active substance) were added and left to cool to room temperature.

[0129] The following compounds were used (% = wt% and calculated as active substance = AS):

[0130] Cegesoft® HF 62: Hydrogenated rapeseed oil; wax; melting point 60 - 63 °C; hydrogenated triglyceride of fatty acids having the following specifications (wt%) with respect to fatty acids: Palmitic (or cetyl) acid: C16:0 approximately 5% Stearic acid C18:0 approximately 40% Tetradecyl eicosanoic acid C20:0 approximately 10% Behenic acid C22:0 approximately 45% Monomuls® 90 / 18: Glyceryl monooleate (non-ionic emulsifier) Lanette® O: Cetearyl alcohol (50 wt% cetyl - and 50 wt% stearyl alcohol; non-ionic emulsifier) Dehyton® PK 45: Aqueous composition having 37 wt% cocoamidopropyl betaine; 7 wt% sodium chloride and up to 100 wt% water.

[0131]

Table 1

[0132]

Table 2

[0133]

Table 3

[0134]

Table 4

[0135] Table 1a shows that all wax dispersions of the present invention have a very good storage stability without segregation and a viscosity that is stable even after the rocking temperature, and have a nacreous luster effect. Wax dispersion 1a of the present invention has an excellent nacreous luster effect and a very small wax particle size, which is surprising because such a nacreous luster effect is usually known for wax dispersions having a particle size of about 10 μm (d50). Wax dispersion 1d of the present invention has a different amount of compound but shows the same excellent nacreous luster effect as wax dispersion 1a. Wax dispersion 1b of the present invention having a large amount of betaine compared to wax dispersion 1a shows an outstanding nacreous luster effect; wax dispersion 1b shows a higher viscosity, but the viscosity itself is stable, i.e., it does not increase after the viscosity rocking test. Wax dispersion 1c) of the present invention contains cetylstearyl alcohol instead of glyceryl monooleate, and wax dispersion 1f) of the present invention contains sodium cocoamphoacetate as component c) instead of cocoamidopropyl betaine.

[0136] Comparative Example V1 shows that a stable wax dispersion could not be obtained in the absence of the nonionic emulsifier glyceryl monooleate (Component b)). Comparative Example V2 shows that a stable wax dispersion could not be obtained based on the sunflower seed wax (Component a)). In Comparative Example V3, alkyl polyglucoside was used as the nonionic emulsifier (Component b), but the wax dispersion spontaneously separated. The same result could be seen in Comparative Example V4 of a wax dispersion based on sunflower seed wax (Component a) and polyglucoside as the nonionic emulsifier (Component b)). Since all the wax dispersions of the comparative examples were not stable, the performance tests in the standardized shampoo composition according to Example 2 were not carried out.

[0137] Examples 2a) - 2f) Standardized shampoo compositions The pearlescence effect (PG) and turbidity (white) of the wax dispersions listed in Table 1a were determined in the following standardized shampoo compositions: Calculated as % by weight (wt) - active substance; wt*%: wt% "as dispersion" and not calculated as active substance: Deionized water 84.7 wt% Texapon® N 70: Sodium lauryl sulfate 8.6 wt% Plantacare® 8 / 18: Cocoglucoside 1.6 wt% Dehyton® PK 45: Cocamidopropyl betaine 1.4 wt% Color Index 16185 Sicomet Amaranth (1 wt%; in water) 0.1% Euxyl® K 400®; Fa. Schuelke: Preservative 0.1 wt% NaCl 1.5 wt% 2 wt of each of the wax dispersions 1a) - 1f) of the present invention * %.

[0138] The shampoo formulation was produced by stirring all the ingredients at room temperature (20 - 23 °C). After 24 hours, the optical evaluation of the wax dispersion was carried out by a person skilled in the art.

[0139] The pearlescent gloss effect (= PG) and turbidity (= white) were classified as follows: PG: ++ = very good PG: + = good PG: - = not good White: + = good White: 0 = not good

[0140] The results are already listed in Table 1a.

[0141] Example 3: Hair shampoo formulation with conditioner The hair shampoo formulation listed in Table 2a was prepared by the following process: All the ingredients were stirred at room temperature (23 °C) until completely homogeneous. The wax dispersion according to Example 1a was added last.

[0142] The weight (wt)% is based on the hair shampoo and is the weight (wt)% calculated as the active ingredient - wt*%: The "as is" wt% is based on the hair shampoo but not calculated as the active ingredient; however, it is as the product / dispersion.

[0143] In Example 3 and / or 4, the following additional ingredients were used (AS = active ingredient; or active substance; or SM = solid or solid substance):

[0144] Dehyquart® Guar N: Guar gum, 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether, chloride; INCI: Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; AS approximately 100% Plantacare® 818: Aqueous solution of C8 - C18 aliphatic alcohol polyglycoside; INCI: Cocoglucoside; Nonionic surfactant; Approximately 52% active ingredient Lamesoft® PO 65: A mixture of coco glucoside and glyceryl monooleate; INCI: Coco glucoside (and) glyceryl oleate; approximately 65% solids Lamesoft® Balance: A wax dispersion of alkyl polyglucoside with hydrogenated castor oil INCI: Coco glucoside (and) hydrogenated castor oil; approximately 43% solids Plantapon® ACG 50: A liquid with sodium coco glutamate and disodium coco glutamate; INCI: Sodium coco glutamate; approximately 40% solids Plantapon® LGC Sorb: A liquid containing anionic C10 - C16 alkyl polyglucoside carboxylate; INCI Sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate (and) lauryl glucoside; approximately 31% active matter Plantapon® SF - N: A mixture of sodium cocoamphoacetate, glycerin, lauryl glucoside, sodium coco glutamate and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate; INCI Sodium cocoamphoacetate (and) glycerin (and) lauryl glucoside (and) sodium coco glutamate (and) sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate; approximately 40% active matter Plantasil® Micro: A liquid with dicaprylyl ether, decyl glucoside and glyceryl monooleate; INCI: Dicaprylyl ether (and) decyl glucoside (and) glyceryl oleate; approximately 50% active matter Rehocare® XGN: Xanthan gum; INCI: Xanthan gum Sulfopon® 1216 G: White granules with sodium C12 - C18 aliphatic alcohol sulfate; INCI: Sodium coco sulfate Texapon® ALS Benz: A liquid containing sulfuric acid, mono C10 - C16 alkyl ester, ammonium salt INCI: Ammonium lauryl sulfate; Active matter: approximately 28 wt% Dehyton® AB: Liquid with C12 - C14 alkyldimethylbetaine; INCI: Cocobetaine; Active matter approximately 31 wt%

[0145]

Table 5

[0146]

Table 6

[0147]

Table 7

[0148] All the hair shampoo formulations in Table 2a containing the wax dispersion according to the claims exhibit a pearlescent effect, which is stable without separation at room temperature and higher temperatures for a long period (1 - 4 weeks) (= described as "1").

[0149] Furthermore, the hair shampoo formulations have excellent conditioning properties and significantly reduce split ends.

[0150] The conditioning properties can be indicated by low numerical values (%) measured as residual wet combability (= wet combing property) and / or residual dry combability (= dry combing property), which were measured as follows:

[0151] Preparation of hair tresses for testing 10 hair tresses per sample (medium dark brown Caucasian hair (12 cm / 1 g, International Hair Importers & Products, USA)) were washed for 30 minutes by incubation in 6% sodium lauryl ether sulfate (ac) at pH 6.5, followed by rinsing and immersion in water three times for 2 minutes each. The hair was then bleached with 5% hydrogen peroxide (pH 9.4) for 20 minutes, followed by thorough rinsing. Finally, the tresses were suspended in a warm air stream (approx. 55 °C) and dried for 30 minutes. The described preparation was carried out using an automated system.

[0152] Treatment of hair tresses with formulations 1) to 7) listed in Table 2a In an automated method, measurements were carried out before and after treatment of the hair with the shampoo formulations 1) to 7) of the present invention and the comparative C1) and C2). For this purpose, the hair was treated at 0.125 g / hair for 5 minutes.

[0153] In an automated system of a wet combing device, the treated hair tresses were rinsed for 1 minute in a standard state (38 °C, 1 l / min) and measured.

[0154] For the measurement of dry combability, the treated hair tresses were stored at 30 °C and 40% relative humidity for 16 hours.

[0155] Repeated combing of hair tresses The hair tresses were combed 50,000 times (45 rpm) at 30 °C and 40% relative humidity using a special combing device.

[0156] In each measurement, 10 hair tresses were tested and the combing force was measured over 23 combing movements (from the 3rd to the 23rd).

[0157] The residual combability % was calculated as follows: Residual combability (%) = (Residual combing work after product treatment: Combing work before product treatment) × 100.

[0158] Evaluation of split ends After 50,000 combing strokes, the broken hair fibers were drawn out and collected inside. Then, fibers longer than the diameter of the Petri dish (about 9 cm) were sorted out and the remaining fibers were weighed. The split ends were quantified as the ratio of the weight of the broken fibers to the weight of the entire hair bundle.

[0159] Test of significance The statistical significance (p <= 0.05) of the differences between formulations and compared to untreated hair was calculated using Tukey's test. Tukey's test is a single-step multiple comparison method and statistical test used in conjunction with ANOVA (analysis of variance) to find out which means are significantly different from each other. When the ANOVA test shows a significant difference, Tukey's test is performed. It compares all possible pairs of means and is based on the studentized range distribution (this distribution is similar to the t-distribution of the t-test). This test compares the means of all treatments to the means of all other treatments. It is applied simultaneously to the set of all pairwise comparisons and identifies cases where the difference between two means is greater than would be predicted by the standard error. The threshold of the test is the HSD range (Honestly Significant Difference).

[0160] The HSD range is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of measurements. The difference between two samples must be greater than the calculated HSD value for them to be significantly different with a 95% probability.

[0161] From Table 2a), it becomes clear that the total hair shampoo formulation containing the wax dispersion according to Example 1a) of Table 1a) shows better combability when wet and dry than the formulation without it. This also applies in the presence of cationic polymers, which are "typical" compounds for obtaining conditioning properties. For example, Shampoo 1 with the wax dispersion is significantly better because Comparative Shampoo C1 or Shampoo 4 is much better than Comparative Shampoo C2 with respect to combability when dry, combability when wet, and split ends. As a result, Table 2a shows that the wax dispersion further has conditioning properties itself and / or enhances the conditioning properties of the cationic modified polymer in the hair shampoo formulation.

[0162] Example 4: Body wash formulation without conditioner The body wash formulation was prepared in the same manner as the hair care formulation of Example 3. The wax dispersion according to Example 1a) was added last. The compositions and their properties are shown in Table 2b, where the weight (wt)% is based on the hair shampoo and is calculated as the weight of the active ingredient (wt)%. wt*%: The "as is" wt% is based on the hair shampoo but is not calculated as the active ingredient; rather, it is as the product / dispersion.

[0163]

Table 8

[0164] All body wash formulations show a pearlescent effect, which is stable (= described as "1") without separation at room temperature for a long period (1 - 4 weeks) and at higher temperatures (40 °C for 1 - 4 weeks).

[0165] Furthermore, the body wash formulation has excellent sensory properties and gives a richly caring skin feel.

Claims

1. An aqueous dispersion of a natural wax useful as a pearlescent agent in a personal care preparation, containing the following (a) A natural wax selected from the group consisting of 50 to 100% by weight (wt) of hydrogenated rapeseed oil, (b) A nonionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic alcohols and glycerol monoesters (c) An amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant (d) An optional additional nonionic surfactant different from (b), (e) An optional auxiliary agent or additive containing a salt, and (f) Water.

2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing (a) a natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

3. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing a triglyceride of a fatty acid mixture consisting of 0 to 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 to 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 to 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 to 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, in an amount of at least 90 wt% based on the hydrogenated rapeseed oil, and (a) a natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil.

4. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing the natural wax (a) in an amount in the range of 15 to 40% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

5. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing a nonionic emulsifier (b) selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of linear saturated and / or unsaturated fatty acids, particularly consisting of glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate.

6. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing the nonionic emulsifier (b) in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

7. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant (c) selected from the group consisting of betaine and / or amphoacetate.

8. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing the amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant (c) in an amount in the range of 10 to 25% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

9. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing an additional nonionic surfactant (d) different from (b), selected from the group consisting of alkyl and / or alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl and / or alkenyl glucamides.

10. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional non-ionic surfactant (d), different from (b), in an amount in the range of 0 to 5% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

11. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains other auxiliary agents or additives (e) containing salts in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

12. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains water (f) in an amount up to 100% by weight based on the wax dispersion.

13. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing the following a) A natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 to 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 to 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 to 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 to 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) A non-ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) Amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates and d) An optional non-ionic surfactant different from (b), selected from the group consisting of alkyl / alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl / alkenyl glucamides e) Other auxiliary agents or additives containing salts and f) Water.

14. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized by containing the following a) 15 to 40 wt% of a natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 to 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 to 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 to 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 to 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) 0.5 to 5.0 wt% of a non-ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) 10.0 to 25.0 wt% of an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates, in particular cocoamidopropyl betaine d) 0.0 to 5.0 wt% of a non-ionic surfactant different from (b), selected from the group consisting of alkyl / alkenyl polyglucosides and alkyl / alkenyl glucamides e) 0.1 to 15 wt% of other auxiliaries or additives, in particular preservatives and / or pH regulators and / or salts, containing salts (f) Water up to 100 wt% based on the wax dispersion.

15. The aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that it basically does not contain components containing one or more units of ethylene - and / or propylene oxide.

16. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following a) 15 to 40 wt% of natural wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated rapeseed oil containing at least 90 wt% of triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing 0 to 10 wt% C16 fatty acid, 35 to 45 wt% C18 fatty acid, 5 to 15 wt% C20 fatty acid and 40 to 50 wt% C22 fatty acid, based on hydrogenated rapeseed oil b) 0.5 to 5.0 wt% of a non-ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of monoglycerol esters of fatty acids, in particular glycerol monostearate and / or glycerol monooleate c) 10.0 to 25.0 wt% of an amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactant, in particular cocoamidopropyl betaine, selected from the group consisting of betaines and / or amphoacetates (e) 0.1 to 15 wt% of other auxiliaries or additives, in particular preservatives and / or pH regulators and / or salts, containing salts (f) Water up to 100 wt% based on the wax dispersion.

17. The aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural wax hydrogenated rapeseed oil has an average particle size d50 of 0.1 to 1.0 μm, in particular 0.1 to 0.2 μm, measured by laser diffraction using a Mastersizer 2000 (registered trademark).

18. A process for producing the aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that the components (a), (b) and (c) and / or optionally (d) are added to a part of the total water (f), the mixture is heated with stirring to about 85 to 95 °C and cooled to about 40 to 60 °C, and then the components (e) and the remaining part of the water (f) are added.

19. Use of an aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1 or 18 as a pearlescent agent in a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, calculated in particular as an aqueous wax dispersion and in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the personal care composition.

20. Use of an aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1 or 18 as a conditioner in a personal care composition for hair treatment, in particular for improving combability when dry and / or wet and / or split ends, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the personal care composition.

21. Use of an aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1 or 18 as a conditioner in a personal care composition for body treatment, in particular for improving the sensory feeling of the body, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the personal care composition.

22. Use of an aqueous wax dispersion according to any one of claims 19 to 21 in a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, substantially free of components containing one or more units of ethylene - and / or propylene oxide.

23. Use of an aqueous wax dispersion according to any one of claims 19 to 21 in a personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment, substantially free of surfactants containing sulfate groups.

24. Personal care composition for hair and / or body treatment comprising: A) an aqueous wax dispersion according to claim 1 or 18, calculated as an aqueous wax dispersion and in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, in particular 0.25 wt% to 3 wt% based on the personal care composition, and B) one or more detergency surfactants selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, and C) an optional cationic polymer, and D) salts and water, and optional other adjuvants or additives.

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