Modular base for driving a conveyor and related components

Abstract

The various disclosed conveyance embodiments relate to a system, method, and component parts that implement a telescoping conveyor mechanism that is reachable within a trailer or storage container so that an operator can safely and ergonomically load and unload articles such as goods. The disclosed embodiments include a modular drive device suitable for driving a telescoping conveyor and supporting and moving associated interface conveyors and configurable (e.g., width and height) operator platforms. Also disclosed are embodiments of a telescoping bi-directional conveyor and a movable conveyor interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 342,117, filed May 15, 2022, by Colin A. Campbell, and related to a modular base for driving conveyors and related components, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The modular base or drive unit is customizable to connect and drive various types of conveyors to facilitate the loading and unloading of goods from transport containers and trailers.

[0004] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0005] The following U.S. patent applications are cited for reference and the entire disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference: U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012 / 0097498 A1 for "CONVEYOR APPARATUS FOR UNLOADING PACKAGES FROM SHIPPING CONTAINERS" by Colin A. Campbell et al. (Application No. 12 / 911,857 filed on October 26, 2010, published on April 26, 2012), U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013 / 0277175 A1 for "CONVEYOR APPARATUS FOR UNLOADING PACKAGES FROM SHIPPING CONTAINERS" by Colin A. Campbell et al. (Application No. 13 / 917,832 filed on June 14, 2013, published on October 24, 2013), and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0045842 A1 for "CONTAINER HANDLING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR INTERFACING WITH A TELESCOPING CONVEYOR" by Colin A. Campbell (Application No. 17 / 886,525 filed on August 12, 2022, published on February 16, 2023).

BACKGROUND ART

[0006] Background and Summary

[0007] As described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012 / 0097498 A1, modern supply networks utilize warehouses and distribution centers to receive products, sort them, and temporarily store them before direct delivery to wholesalers, retailers, or consumers. As a result, warehouses and distribution centers receive large quantities of packaged products daily, and many of these products arrive as packages loaded on transport trucks, trailers, and shipping containers. These packages are typically unloaded by operators and then placed on a conveyor system that sorts and transports them to different areas within the facility for later delivery. In many cases, the unloading and loading of these packages are performed manually.

[0008] A common problem in such facilities is that when moving packages or articles between a trailer or a cargo container and a conveyor, the loading / unloading process is often ergonomically inefficient. For example, the operator may have to manually carry the articles because the conveyor does not reach the end of the trailer, or the operator may have to lift the articles in an unnatural posture because the height and position of the conveyor cannot be adjusted. Also, when the operator is encouraged to load or unload more quickly, there is a possibility of injury due to the movement of the equipment. For example, trailers are often loaded with packages from the floor to the ceiling, and the operator may strain their body by repeatedly bending to pick up the bottom packages or reaching too far to pick up the top packages. These repeated physical stresses can cause short-term and long-term injuries. Even the seemingly simple task of moving packages inside a trailer can be dangerous, especially when dealing with heavy packages or when the trailer is parked on an incline. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a device that reduces health and safety concerns related to unloading trailers.

[0009] It is known to use a drive machine connected to the end of a conveyor for the purpose of moving or controlling the position of the conveyor. For example, there are the Destuff-it (trademark) and Restuff-it (trademark) products of Engineered Lifting Systems & Equipment Inc., and the products disclosed in the above-mentioned published US patent application. Such systems can be connected to the free end of a telescopic conveyor for driving and steering, but they are specific product designs that do not facilitate mass production of common drive components that can be used with various conveyors, nor do they provide a customizable interface for various conveyors. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0010] As those skilled in loading and unloading trucks and trailers, particularly those associated with large-capacity warehouses and high-throughput distribution centers, will understand, the sizes and natures of the items transported by trucks and trailers vary within a single shipment. For example, it is not uncommon to have mixed loads where some items are palletized and others are simply boxed and stacked on the beds of trucks, trailers, or shipping containers. When dealing with mixed loads and items of various sizes, it may be desirable to extend a conveyor and / or operator platform into the limited space of a truck, trailer, or shipping container to facilitate the loading or unloading of floor-loaded items, palletized items, and stacked items such as boxes, cases, and tote boxes. Since the types of loads often vary from truck to truck, there is an advantage in using conveyors and components that can be adapted or adjusted according to the situation.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0011] To accommodate various loading configurations and article types, the disclosed embodiments include a modular system that positions conveyors and / or operators at locations where floor-loaded articles or products can be ergonomically loaded and unloaded at both low heights (dock level) and high heights (ceiling level) within the limited space of trucks, trailers, and containers. Typically, for articles at dock level or at a safe lifting height, a platform is not provided, but for loading and unloading articles stacked at higher positions, a platform with adjustable height and / or width is advantageous. Additionally, providing an operator platform that can contract itself to reduce its width facilitates movement of the platform within a space with mixed cargo, such as large articles or palletized articles on one side of a container. The contractible platform enables movement around obstacles, allowing the operator to pass alongside other articles and machinery within the limited space (e.g., trucks, trailers, containers, etc.). The contractible platform also enables large articles or palletized articles to be conveyed past the side of the contractible platform. Thus, multiple of the disclosed embodiments provide a mobile solution that likely includes conveyors and loading / unloading devices and can access and move between limited spaces and docking positions.

[0012] One module of the disclosed system is a drive device operatively attached to steer (push and pull) a flexible or extensible conveyor in and out of a track, trailer, or conveyor. The drive device has a conveying assembly including one, two, or more conveyors rotatably and / or slidably attached thereto, the conveyors interfacing with the ends of the extensible conveyor to transfer articles and interfacing with an operator to facilitate loading and unloading of the articles being conveyed. The conveying assembly can use one or more powered conveying surfaces including belts, rollers, etc. as part of such an interface, the conveying surfaces being adjustable to facilitate movement of the articles. The modular drive device can include additional features such as an in-place rotation function, lighting, and a sensor array enabling safe movement, the sensor array enabling movement on various surfaces and relative to the walls of a track, trailer, or container, as well as movement around other articles including pallets and operators.

[0013] In the disclosed modular drive device, its design and features enable leveraging the scale merit of mass production while facilitating customization such that the modular device can not only connect to and drive or move a conveyor, but also include conveying components interfacing with such a conveyor. The modular drive device and its intended customized use provide ergonomic advantages to an operator by reducing the lifting work of articles such as packages entering and leaving the conveyor, and further eliminate the pushing and pulling work by the operator when attempting to steer or move the conveyor. Such features are expected to provide safety advantages by reducing the number of injuries reported by operators. It is also envisioned that the efficiency of loading and unloading of trailers and containers is improved by safely increasing the speed of unloading and loading from the conveyor.

[0014] The modular drive device disclosed in the embodiments of this specification includes a frame having a front end and a rear end, and first and second independent drive wheels rotatably connected to the frame along a common axis. Each drive wheel is operatively connected to a respective one of first and second independent drive motors attached to the frame adjacent to the rear end, and a portion of each drive wheel extends below the bottom of the frame. The first and second independent drive wheels, and at least one caster wheel attached to the frame adjacent to the front end at a position spaced from the common axis, a portion of the caster wheel extending below the bottom of the frame, the caster wheel, a power source for supplying power to operate each of the first and second independent drive motors in response to a control signal, and a mounting base extending upward from the frame to which one or more conveyor interface components can be operatively attached.

[0015] The bidirectional conveyor further disclosed in the embodiments of this specification includes a plurality of telescopic conveyor sections. The plurality of telescopic conveyor sections includes an outermost conveyor section having a first width. The outermost conveyor section includes a pair of opposing side members, at least a pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to and supporting the opposing side members adjacent to the ends of the outermost conveyor section, at least a pair of guide rollers and opposing guide channels attached to the inner sides of each pair of opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section, a conveying surface disposed between the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section, at least a part of the conveying surface being drivable, and a power ramp at a first end of the outermost conveyor section for facilitating the movement of articles (e.g., parcels) between the outermost conveyor section and an adjacent nested conveyor section. The outermost conveyor section also includes a telescopic conveyor section disposed therein in a nested manner. The telescopic conveyor section includes a pair of opposing side members, at least a pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to and supporting the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, a guide rail attached to the outer sides of each pair of opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, the guide rail passing through the rollers and guide rails of the outermost conveyor section to facilitate the telescoping of the telescopic section relative to the outermost conveyor section, and a conveying surface disposed between the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, at least a part of the conveying surface being drivable.

[0016] Also, in the present invention, a bidirectional conveyor is disclosed that comprises the following. A plurality of telescopic conveyor sections, including an outermost conveyor section having a first width, the outermost conveyor section including a pair of opposing side members, at least a pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs being attached to and supporting the opposing side members adjacent to the ends of the outermost conveyor section, at least a pair of guide rollers and a pair of opposing guide channels being attached inside each of the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section, a conveying surface being disposed between the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section, at least a part of the conveying surface being drivable, a power lamp being provided at a first end of the outermost conveyor section, the power lamp facilitating the transfer of an object (e.g., a package) between the outermost conveyor section and a nested conveyor section adjacent thereto; A plurality of extendable conveyor sections nested within the outermost conveyor section, each of the extendable conveyor sections having a width that gradually decreases, including a pair of opposing side members, at least a pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs being attached to the opposing side members of the extendable conveyor section to support those side members, at least a pair of guide rollers and a pair of opposing guide channels being attached inside each of the opposing side members of the extendable conveyor section, guide rails being attached outside each of the opposing side members of the extendable conveyor section, the guide rails passing through the rollers and guide rails of adjacent conveyor sections to make the extendable section telescopable with respect to adjacent conveyor sections, a conveying surface being disposed between the opposing side members of the extendable conveyor section, at least a part of the conveying surface being drivable, a power lamp being provided at a first end of the extendable conveyor section, the power lamp facilitating the transfer of an object (e.g., a package) between adjacent conveyor sections;The innermost conveyor section that is nested inside one of the extendable conveyor sections, the innermost conveyor section includes a pair of opposing side members, at least a pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs are attached to the opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section to support those side members, guide rails are attached outside each of the opposing side members of the final innermost conveyor section, the guide rails pass through a roller and a guide rail of one of the adjacent extendable conveyor sections to make the innermost section telescopically extendable with respect to the adjacent conveyor section, a conveying surface is disposed between the opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section, and at least a part of the conveying surface is drivable.;

[0017] A movable conveying system for loading and unloading articles from a telescopic conveyor disclosed in an embodiment of this specification includes a driving device detachably connected to the telescopic conveyor, and an adjustable conveying device including at least one swivel conveyor operatively fixed to the driving device, the adjustable conveying device being suitable for exchanging the telescopic conveyor and an article (e.g., a parcel) at a first end and exchanging the operator and the article at a second end on the opposite side, and a movable operator platform detachably connected to the driving device and disposed below the second end of the swivel conveyor.

[0018] Also, the movable operator platform attachable to the conveyor drive device disclosed in the embodiments of this specification is a telescopic base generally including a C-shaped first frame member and a generally T-shaped second frame member, and the second frame member is horizontally slidable within the first frame member so that the installation area of the base is expanded or contracted by sliding the second frame member relative to the first base frame member; a plurality of caster wheels attached to the bottom of each of the first and second frame members of the telescopic base; a telescopic operator platform including an outer frame member and an inner frame member, and the inner frame member is horizontally slidable within the outer frame member so that the installation area of the operator platform is expanded or contracted by sliding the inner frame member relative to the outer frame member; and a platform lifting system that operatively connects the telescopic base and the operator platform to enable control of the height of the operator platform relative to the telescopic base.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

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[0020] The various embodiments described herein are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the described embodiments. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that may fall within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments and equivalents. For general understanding, reference is made to the drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similar elements. Also, note that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that certain regions may be intentionally drawn disproportionately to appropriately depict features and aspects.

[0021] **BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION**

[0022] Referring initially to FIGS. 1 - 6, each figure is a partial cutaway view of an extendable conveyor system 120 within a truck, trailer, or shipping container. For convenience, the term "trailer" is used generally to refer to any type of truck, trailer, or shipping container used to transport objects such as packages, boxes, etc. In each figure, the conveyor system 120 is shown extending from a shipping dock or warehouse floor 104, across an inclined dock leveler plate 106, and into a trailer 108. An object such as a package 110 is conveyed along the upper surface of the conveyor system. More specifically, the conveyor system 120 includes a telescopic conveyor 124 having a driven upper surface for moving objects thereon and being extendable to span between the floor 104 and the interior of the trailer 108.

[0023] At the end of the conveyor 124, there is provided a conveyor interface component 140 that is attached to and / or driven by the modular drive device 160. This modular drive device 160 can also be used for the extension and contraction of the conveyor 124. As will be described in more detail below, the interface component 140 is adaptable to operate in conjunction with the telescopic conveyor. Also, the modular drive device 160 utilizes a common design that can drive (e.g., move and steer) the movable end of the movable conveyor (e.g., not applicable to the fixed conveyor 124b in FIG. 3). As will be described more specifically below, the traction force of the modular drive device 160, as a combination of its weight and drive components, is an important consideration to ensure that the modular drive device 160 can move the end of the conveyor 124. In particular, it is important when the drive system of such a conveyor is disconnected and its position is completely controlled by the attached modular drive device 160.

[0024] In FIGS. 1 and 2, conveyor 124a is a movable telescopic conveyor having a drive roller surface. Conveyor 124a includes a height-adjustable support portion that will be described in more detail below. FIG. 3 shows a conveyor system 120 equipped with a fixed telescopic conveyor 124b in which each section sequentially expands and contracts from a base fixed to the floor surface 104. In FIGS. 4 and 5, a fixed-height telescopic conveyor 124c is shown in a loading configuration in FIG. 4 where an object falls into the trailer, and in an unloading configuration in FIG. 5 where the object falls out when coming out of the trailer. Finally, FIG. 6 shows an accordion-type telescopic conveyor 124d used in the conveyor system 120. Depending on the inclination of the leveler plate 106 and the height difference between the floor surface 104 and the bed of the trailer 108, in the conveyor system configurations of FIGS. 3 to 6, the height of the trailer-side end portions of the telescopic conveyors 124b to 124d varies greatly, and one or more of the support portions of the conveyors 124c to 124d may not contact the floor surface 104, the dock leveler plate 106, or the bed of the trailer 108. It should also be noted that if the height difference (or inclination angle) of the trailer bed is too large, it may be difficult or impossible to insert and remove the conveyors 124c to 124d into and out of the trailer 108. Therefore, a solution including a height-adjustable conveyor may be more suitable for accommodating various dock and trailer configurations.

[0025] The variety and design of telescopic conveyors, as well as the wide range of angular and positional variations in the width direction of containers or trailers, are further understood to cause potential problems with respect to the movement of telescopic conveyors onto and within trailers. Further, the plurality of solutions shown in FIGS. 1 - 6 are particularly suitable for accommodating various dock, trailer, and telescopic conveyor configurations. Some of the characteristics that can be addressed by a solution that facilitates the controlled extension and movement of conveyors 124a - 124d, particularly using a highly maneuverable modular drive unit 160, can also eliminate or reduce problems of conveyor alignment (e.g., within a trailer) and conveyance from one conveyor section to another. Other advantages of the disclosed embodiments, particularly embodiments incorporating additional conveyor components such as adjustable conveyors (e.g., height, horizontal angle, vertical angle, etc.) operably connected to the modular drive unit 160 at the ends of the telescopic conveyor, can further reduce the need to move or adjust the telescopic conveyor by providing a highly adjustable means for moving objects being loaded or unloaded between the operator and the end of the telescopic conveyor. Combined with the small size and highly adjustable features of the modular drive unit 160, adjustable conveyor sections that can be operably disposed on the drive unit facilitate conveyor alignment and "bridge" the gap between the telescopic conveyors 124a - 124d and the operator in a manner that provides better alignment including lateral position and height, and can also accommodate different inclinations and heights of trailers and containers. As disclosed below in connection with FIGS. 53 - 69, height adjustment functions such as the telescopic legs (e.g., 528, 558) of the telescopic conveyor 124a also facilitate the alignment and management of different heights and angles of the surfaces of the dock floor 104, dock plate 106, and trailer bed 108.

[0026] Next, referring to FIGS. 7-14, the conveyor interface component 140 will be described according to the illustrated embodiment. The function of the conveyor interface component 140 is to operatively interact with the free end of the telescopic conveyor 124 (e.g., 124a-124d) as shown in FIGS. 1-6. The conveyor interface component 140 provides a conveyor interface for the transfer of an object (e.g., a parcel) with the end of the telescopic conveyor and does so in a coordinated or generally synchronized manner so as not to mishandle the object, while simultaneously responding to operator instructions such as stopping and starting the flow of objects on the conveyor.

[0027] It should be understood that the configuration of the conveyor interface component 140 depends greatly on the nature of the telescopic conveyor 124 that provides the ergonomic interface. While one embodiment is described, it is possible to modify or replace alternative components to achieve the desired interface characteristics. In the illustrated embodiment, the interface component 140 includes an adjustable conveyor device 200 having at least one pivoting conveyor 210 operably fixed to the drive device 160. The adjustable conveyor device 200 is suitable for transferring an object (e.g., a parcel) between the telescopic conveyor at the first end 204 and the operator at the opposite second end 206.

[0028] More specifically, the conveyor device 200 may include a support frame or pedestal 220 operably attached to the drive device 160. The tiltable transition conveyor section 210 is pivotally connected to the frame 220 at the first end. In this way, the conveyor section 210 is pivotally movable about a first generally horizontal axis 226. And at the opposite end 204, the conveyor section 210 is suitable for the transfer of an object with the telescopic conveyor 124. The conveyor section 210 may include a drive surface such as a belt 212 or may include driven or non-driven rollers 214.

[0029] It is understood that there can be various mechanisms by which the conveyor interface component 140 is operably attached to the telescopic conveyor 124. FIGS. 13 - 14 and 23 show one embodiment where the mechanical latch 240 is connected to a pin or bolt extending from the side of the end of the telescopic conveyor. As understood, the mechanical latch 240 is intended to facilitate the attachment and detachment of the modular drive unit 160 to the telescopic conveyor 124 via the swivel conveyor 210. In the various embodiments shown herein, the swivel conveyor has an adjustable vertical tilt angle and thus the height of the end of the telescopic conveyor 124 is adjustable, thereby providing a proper transition for an object passing between the swivel conveyor 210 and the telescopic conveyor 124. And, as shown for example in FIG. 10, the guard plate 232 (formed from an elastic material such as plastic or polymer, for example) may be angled to accommodate the movement of an object between conveyor sections of different heights.

[0030] The conveyor apparatus 200 also includes a pivot frame member 222 pivotally coupled to the support frame 220 for pivotal movement about a generally vertical axis 224. Pivotally attached to the pivot frame member 222 is a swivel conveyor section 260 where a first end 264 is pivotally coupled to the pivot frame member 222 for pivotal movement about a second generally horizontal axis 228 and the opposite second end 268 is shaped for the transfer of an object with an operator (not shown). As shown, the first generally horizontal axis 226 and the second generally horizontal axis 228 are each maintained at the same vertical height by the support frame 220 and the pivot frame 222, respectively, whereby an object on the upper surface of each conveyor component can transition from one to the other.

[0031] The swivel conveyor section 260 is, as described above, pivotable relative to the support frame 220 about both of the shafts 224 and 228, thereby allowing the end 268 to be adjusted to a plurality of positions suitable for an operator to receive and transfer the object being conveyed. The belt 262 operates under the power of a belt drive motor 266 that responds to operator control and / or integrated conveyor control. As shown partially in FIGS. 11, 12, and 21, the position (e.g., tilt and yaw) of the swivel conveyor section 260 and the tilt angle of the conveyor section 210 are maintained by the use of mechanical actuators 270, 276 that support the weight of the conveyor and allow for positioning adjustments to efficiently load and / or unload packages. Also, it is understood that the mechanical actuators may be supplemented or replaced by manual mechanical adjustment mechanisms, gas-filled struts (e.g., 272), mechanical counterweight mechanisms, mechanical spring mechanisms, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, motor-driven actuators, or other electromechanical means for controlling the orientation of conveyor sections 210 and 260. In one embodiment, the use of a polymer belt having rear protrusions that engage large sprockets provides the opportunity to use end drive for bidirectional conveyance rather than the more complex center drive shown. The protrusions and large sprockets eliminate tracking problems and achieve cost savings. The protrusions of the belt are guided along the length of the conveyor by wear strips that resist lateral loads from objects (e.g., packages).

[0032] Also, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 7 and 47 - 48, a transition assembly 280 including a plurality of interconnected plate portions 282 that are slidable relative to one another is also contemplated. The transition assembly 280 bridges the gap between the first end of the tiltable transition conveyor 210 and the first end 264 of the swivel conveyor 260 and is operably attached between the support frame 220 and the pivot frame 222 to prevent objects from falling through the gap. The plates 282 are operably maintained generally along a common plane by fasteners that allow the plates to slide and / or pivot relative to one another and to the adjacent conveyor surfaces.

[0033] Next, referring to FIGS. 15 - 23, alternative embodiments of the conveyor interface component 140 are shown therein. As described above, the conveyor interface component 140 is operably connected to the free end of the extensible conveyor 124 (e.g., 124a - 124d) as shown in FIGS. 1 - 6 and is intended to interact therewith. The conveyor interface component 140 provides a conveyor interface for the transfer of objects such as luggage (e.g., boxes, bags, etc.) with the extensible conveyor, automatically realizes the transition with the extensible conveyor 124, and does so in an adjusted or generally synchronized manner to avoid misoperation of the object. At the same time, it is responsive to operator commands such as stopping and starting the flow of objects on the conveyor. FIGS. 15 - 23 show alternative embodiments of the conveyor interface component 140 and the associated modular drive device 160, particularly an alternative mounting base 220 that can be used for the modular drive device 160. In one embodiment, the platform 220 includes an intermediate support 230 that is pivotable and / or swivellable with respect to the platform 220 and the modular drive device 160 while being operably connected to the upper part of the platform or the platform 220. As shown in FIG. 20, the intermediate support 230 can also slide laterally with respect to the platform 220 on the rollers 234. Further, the intermediate support frame 230 further includes a central pivot bearing 236 that enables the intermediate support frame 230 to pivot about a vertical axis. As will be understood, the intermediate support 230 having the ability to adjust its position by pivoting and / or lateral sliding facilitates the adjustable positioning of the conveyor system supported on the intermediate support.

[0034] In the embodiments of FIGS. 15 to 23, the configuration and position of the conveyor interface component 140 depend on the type, position, and configuration of the telescopic conveyor 124. One function of the conveyor interface component 140 is to provide an ergonomic interface at the end of the telescopic conveyor and to facilitate the control and adjustment of the position of the telescopic conveyor within the limited space of a truck, trailer, or container. Referring to FIGS. 15 to 23, the interface component 140 includes an adjustable conveyor device including a pivot belt conveyor 210 and a multiple conveyor assembly 250 (including a plurality of, preferably at least three, parallel belt conveyors), and both the pivot belt conveyor 210 and the multiple conveyor assembly 250 are pivotally attached (about a vertical axis) to a frame 222 disposed on a base 220 of the drive device 160. In one embodiment, the frame 222 is also slidably attached to the base 220. The pivotable and / or slidable attachment of the intermediate support 230 and the frame 222 to the base 220 of the drive device 160 ensures that the conveyor device can be appropriately adjusted to interact with the end of the telescopic conveyor at the end 204 and interface with the operator at the end 206. As will be described in detail with respect to FIGS. 70 and 71, the conveyor device may further include a user interface device capable of controlling not only the conveyor device but also the movement of the drive device 160 and the telescopic conveyor to which it is attached. The adjustable conveyor device is suitable for exchanging objects with the telescopic conveyor at the first end 204 and with the operator disposed adjacent to the opposite second end 206 and for placing or removing objects on the triple belt conveyor assembly 250. The multiple conveyor assembly 250 of the conveyor interface 140 provides at least three drive belts 274 that are integrally driven with each other by a motor 266. The multiple conveyor assembly is pivotable vertically about a horizontal axis 228 and is swingable horizontally left and right to cover a large arcuate range 278 of approximately 1.0 meter in the horizontal direction and 1.4 meters in the vertical direction.

[0035] More specifically, the conveyor device shown may include a support base 220 operably attached to or on the drive device 160. The tiltable transition conveyor 210 is pivotally coupled to the frame 222 at a first end. In this way, the conveyor section 210 is pivotally movable about a first generally horizontal axis 226. Also, at the opposite end 204, the conveyor 210 is adjustable to a height suitable for the exchange of objects with the telescopic conveyor 124. The conveyor 210 may include a drive surface such as a belt 212, or may include other drive components capable of moving an object thereon.

[0036] It will be understood that there can be various mechanisms by which the conveyor interface component 140 is operably attached to the telescopic conveyor 124. FIG. 15 shows one such embodiment, in which a mechanical latch 240 operates to connect to a pin or bolt extending from the side of the end of the telescopic conveyor 124. As described above, the mechanical latch 240 is intended to facilitate the attachment and detachment of the conveyor interface component 140 and its modular drive device 160 to and from the telescopic conveyor 124. The tiltable transition conveyor section 210 of the conveyor interface component 140 has a self-adjusting vertical tilt angle and is thus adjustable to the height of the end of the telescopic conveyor 124, thereby providing a suitable transition for objects passing between the transition conveyor section 210 and the telescopic conveyor 124. Due to the close alignment of the transition conveyor section 210 and its belt drive configuration (see, for example, FIG. 20), the belt 212 is capable of exchanging objects with the telescopic conveyor 124 over an angle range of approximately -20 degrees to +20 degrees.

[0037] A swivel or multiple belt conveyor assembly 250 is pivotally attached to the frame member 222, the first end portion 264 of which is pivotally coupled to the frame member 222 for movement about a second generally horizontal axis 228, and the opposite second end portion 206 has a shape for the transfer of an object with an operator (not shown). As shown, the first generally horizontal axis 226 and the second generally horizontal axis 228 are each maintained at the same vertical height by the support frame 220, whereby an object on the upper surface of each conveyor component can be transferred from one to the other.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 19, the multiple belt conveyor assembly 250 can further change the relationship of the individual belts 274 to pivot the assembly left and right, thereby adjusting the end 206 to a plurality of positions suitable for an operator to transfer the object being conveyed. The belts 274 operate under the power of one or more belt drive motors 266, and these motors respond to an operator control device and / or an integrated conveyor control device. The position (e.g., tilt and yaw) of the multiple belt conveyor assembly 250 is maintained using a linear actuator 276 under the control of the control device described with respect to FIG. 71, as shown in FIGS. 15 - 17. Although not specifically shown, it is understood that other electromechanical means for controlling the orientation of the multiple belt conveyor assembly 250 may be employed. As shown in FIG. 20, each multiple conveyor frame assembly is supported by a ball joint connection 238 to a pivot frame bracket 223. This ball joint is unique in that it transmits the self - weight (due to gravity) of the conveyor vertically downward through the center of the ball and resists direct in - line force components (due to gravity). This is an important feature that allows the operator to pivot the conveyor left and right without feeling the resistance due to gravity. The operator grasps the handle of the control device 288 to release the brake and manually relocate the multiple belt conveyor efficiently with ergonomic ease. This manual operation ensures the safety and speed of adjustment. The pivot joint 242 and the ball joint 244 also contribute to the stable state of the multiple belt conveyor assembly 250 at any pivot angle.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 24, there is shown a schematic view of sensors 1010 applied as an array around conveyor interface components including a modular drive unit 160 and an operator platform 410. In one embodiment, one or a few sensors covering a wide area around the modular drive unit 160 and / or the operator platform 410 may be used, but in order to provide area coverage as shown by ultrasonic field 1012, a plurality of sensors 1010 (e.g., ultrasonic sensors) are arranged around one or both of the components 160 and 410. The sensor array is arranged around the modular drive unit 160 and / or the operator platform 410, and in order to avoid false detection of the platform when adjacent to the drive unit 160, a plurality of sensors 1016 can be deactivated when the drive unit is connected to the operator platform 410. When the platform 410 is operably connected, the sensors form part of a sensing array for the entire conveyor interface component 140. The sensors may be ultrasonic sensors such as the I2CXL MaxSonar available from Maxbotix. The following table shows actual data of sensor output with respect to a wall at different separation distances.

[0040]

Table 1

[0041] As can be understood from the data, the sensor 1012 "measures" the distance to an object and provides an analog reference signal proportional to that distance.

[0042] The sensor is intended to detect walls, people, and other objects within the field of view 1012 of the sensor, and the overlap of the fields of view of the sensors facilitates providing decision-making data using the outputs of multiple sensors. Sensor data is used not only for detecting obstacles but also for guiding during movement, and the data is used to understand the position of machinery within a truck, trailer, or container. With the data, the conveyor interface system can identify the proximity to the trailer wall. Therefore, by using these sensors to decelerate and stop the modular drive unit 160 when approaching people or objects, the driving operation is improved. Further, during forward and reverse driving, steering is controlled by a controller such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) based on data from the sensors. Sensor data can also be used when the platform 410 or the drive unit 160 issues visual and audible alarms when approaching people or objects too closely. For example, during driving, the trailer wall is used as a target. Since the width of the trailer is standardized, the sensors can be used to monitor the exact position, direction, and available clearance of the machinery in real time. In summary, the sensor 1012 or an equivalent detection function emits a signal that enables the controller to provide driving assistance monitoring during driving by manual operation of the drive unit 160. For example, the sensor monitors the state while an operator is manually driving and steering. The sensor disables the operator's operation to decelerate or stop to avoid an object. Also, the sensor provides an input to the controller to prevent the start of operation when an object is present. The sensor 1012 further contributes to ensuring the safety of the operator and protecting the equipment and products. Therefore, with the sensors and automatic steering assistance, consistent, efficient, and safe work by a number of operators becomes possible.

[0043] Figures 25-26 briefly show diagrams of alternative embodiments of the conveyor interface component 140, showing an operator 107 gripping an electromechanical device for interacting with the conveyor interface component. More specifically, the electromechanical device includes elongated handles 290 provided on both sides of the swivel conveyor section 260. The handle 290 is configured to respond to an operator's grip as shown, detecting not only the force applied by the operator like a joystick, but also a twisting motion that adjusts the speed at which a particular operation is performed. For example, when the operator presses the handle 290, the conveyor interface component 140 moves away from the operator, and when the handle is pulled in the direction of the operator, the conveyor interface component moves in the direction of the operator. When the operator moves the handle left or right (e.g., along the longitudinal axis of the handle), the conveyor interface component 140 moves rearward or forward, respectively. As will be appreciated, additional motions may also be detected, such as vertical forces for adjusting the tilt angle of the swivel conveyor section 260, for example. Also contemplated are a plurality of buttons, rocker switches, etc. for providing similar operator input for moving and positioning the conveyor interface component 140 and the telescoping conveyor and other operatively connected components.

[0044] Since the conveyor section of the conveyor interface component 140 has been described, attention is now directed to the various perspective views, sectional views, and detailed views of the modular drive device 160 shown in FIGS. 27-33 in an embodiment. In one embodiment, the modular drive device 160 includes a frame 310 having a front end 312 and a rear end 314. The first and second independent drive wheels 320 and 322 are rotatably connected to the frame along a common axis 324, and each drive wheel is operatively connected to a respective one of the first and second independent drive motors 330 and 332 attached to the frame adjacent the rear end. A portion of each drive wheel extends below the bottom of the frame for engaging the plate 106 of the floor surface 104 and the bed of the trailer 108 for frictional contact. The first and second gearboxes 334 and 336 connect the first and second independent drive motors 330 and 332 to the first and second independent drive wheels 320 and 322, respectively. As independent drive wheels, they are arranged to allow a 180-degree turn of the modular drive device 160 about a vertical axis generally located intermediate the drive wheels. Although the device is capable of a full 360-degree turn, its operation is intentionally limited to 180 degrees to avoid excessive stress on the telescoping conveyor and other components that may be attached to or moved by the drive device. At least one caster wheel 318 is attached to the front end 312 of the frame at a position remote from the common axis of the drive wheels, and this caster wheel also has a portion that extends below the bottom of the frame. Motor control of the drive motors 330 and 332 (not shown within the control panel 308) can provide precise power steering and a controlled tractive force at low speeds, including a 180-degree turn as described above. Further, the caster 318 is centered and the wheelbase pattern located away from the operating handle protects the operator's feet. The combination of the gear design and control of the gearboxes 334 and 336 further provides reliable running braking force and holding force on inclined surfaces and downhill slopes through high torque, low speed control. The motor control also provides variable speed. Also, by using an independent axle for each drive wheel, active steering and maneuvering on uneven surfaces is possible.

[0045] Various power sources can be provided. The illustrated embodiment includes a power source 350 that supplies power to operate each of the first and second independent drive motors 330 and 332. In one embodiment, the power source 350 includes a rechargeable battery or a similar energy storage device, along with a control device for controlling the charging cycle. It is also envisioned that power is continuously supplied via a cable routed through the telescoping conveyor 124. The drive motors operate in response to control signals from an operator. The drive device 160 further includes a mechanical assembly or an upward extension of the frame 310 to which one or more of the above-described conveyor interface components can be operatively attached. As shown more specifically in FIGS. 31 and 33, the frame 310 is a counterweight frame composed of a weight plate with its center of gravity on the wheelbase. The mass of the frame 310 ensures traction at the drive wheels 320 and 322 and provides stability at a low center of gravity for components that can be disposed above the drive device 160.

[0046] Alternative means for driving the modular drive device 160 are also possible. In one alternative embodiment, a single drive wheel that can change the driving direction around a vertical axis can be employed to drive the device on a pair of casters. Such a configuration can further include one or more non-drive wheels biased downward by springs to provide stability to the frame 310. As another option for driving the modular drive device 160, there can be one that includes three omnidirectional drive wheels and three associated drive motors. Alternatively, there can be two steerable omnidirectional wheels and two drive wheels driven by a single motor. As will be understood, alternative combinations of drive wheels, non-drive wheels, and steerable wheels can be employed to provide reliable maneuverability and stability while achieving a small turning radius of the modular drive device 160.

[0047] The modular drive device 160 further includes a housing 360 having an upper portion, a bottom portion, and a plurality of side surfaces that generally surround the frame. The frame 310 further extends from a front end or a rear end, passes through the housing, and is attached to and drives other mechanical devices such as, for example, the operator platform shown in FIG. 47 and described hereinafter, and includes at least one connection mechanism such as a tab 316. The small installation area of the modular drive device 160 enables excellent evacuation of the operator on both sides of the machine while inside the trailer 108.

[0048] For example, as shown in FIGS. 28 and 32, the modular drive device 160 may also include a pair of adjustable leveling casters 368 flange-mounted to the rear of the frame. Such casters can be lifted from contact with the floor surface of the drive wheels and lowered via a manual crank to contact the underlying floor surface to enable safe removal of a failed drive device from the trailer or container.

[0049] The modular drive device includes an electrical interface and a controller suitable within the control cabinet 308 for receiving operator input and controlling the drive wheel motors 330 and 332 to provide controlled movement of the modular drive device in response to that input. In some embodiments of the drive device 160, sensors (not shown) may be used to detect obstacles such as the adjacent inner wall of the trailer 108. When such sensors are provided, the controller can not only prevent collisions with obstacles but also automatically self-center the modular drive device during travel. For example, in the self-centering operation mode, while responding to operator input (e.g., the operator's request from the handle), the drive device maintains a spacing from the adjacent trailer wall or the like. The electronics, sensors, and control devices for self-centering are disposed on the drive device. In addition to the disclosure of operator control of the drive device related to FIGS. 25 and 26, an operator control panel such as that shown in FIG. 70 is also contemplated, and its control device is disposed on or attached to the interface conveyor.

[0050] For example, an operator control device 288, such as that shown in FIG. 70, is provided using an operating handle design having an exclusive four-quadrant operation (e.g., two sides with forward and reverse walking). All operations of the conveyor interface component 140 and its modular drive 160 are requested from a handle 290 located on both sides of the swivel conveyor. In other words, on each side of the conveyor, a rotary handle 290 is provided that includes a spring return to the center, switch 1 - upward rotation, and switch 2 - downward rotation. This is used for the up and down movement and forward and reverse travel of the conveyor. Such a control device is arranged on a swivel through conveyor 260 and may be arranged together with the conveyor control device. Continuing to refer to FIG. 70, an existing button-type interface may be employed (see the button with an X mark on the right side). The button 292 is replaced by a touch pad 294 having at least four independent switches for controlling the travel indicated by the icons in each area (e.g., four pads for forward, reverse, clockwise, and counterclockwise rotation) and is arranged on the left side of the rotary handle 290. The handle 290 further provides an operator presence signal so that the operator control device operates only while the operator is gripping the handle.

[0051] In an alternative but similar embodiment of the operator control device 288 shown in FIG. 71, the operating handle design again includes four-quadrant operation (e.g., two sides with forward and reverse walking). All operations of the conveyor interface component 140 and its modular drive 160 are requested from the control device 288 disposed on the side of the triple-belt conveyor assembly 250. In other words, on each side of the triple-belt conveyor assembly 250, an operator control device 288 is provided that includes a rotary handle 290 having a spring return to the center. With the dual set of control devices 288, the operator can operate the conveyor interface component 140 and its modular drive 160 from either side, thereby positioning the conveyor interface component close to the opposite trailer or container wall. More specifically, the control device 288 includes an emergency stop button 810 that disables further operation of the conveyor interface component 140. Each of the disclosed buttons may include visual and / or audible indicators that send a signal to the operator when the button is actuated. Buttons 812 and 814 start and stop the conveyor, including the extensible conveyor 124 when electrically connected to the conveyor of the conveyor interface component 140, respectively. Button 818 is a fault reset button used to clear detected faults, including sensor faults (e.g., when an obstacle near or in the path of the conveyor interface component 140 is detected, further movement is disabled until the fault is reset). Button 820 is used to enable or set the conveyor interface component 140, particularly its modular drive 160, to a running mode, where subsequent actuation of the handle 290 results in movement of the modular drive 160. And button 822 is used to activate the up and down mode in which the handle controls the position (vertical angle) of the triple conveyor assembly 250 for adjustment to a position suitable for the operator to load or unload articles.In the traveling mode, by gripping the steering wheel 290 and rotating it clockwise or counterclockwise and sliding it left and right, the modular drive device 160 during traveling can be steered. Similarly, the buttons 826 at both ends of the steering wheel 290 can be used to manually move the modular drive device 160 forward and backward when the device is in the traveling mode. When the up and down buttons 822 are pressed, the up and down functions of the steering wheel 290 are enabled. The button 826 at the left end raises the triple conveyor assembly 250, and the button 826 at the right end lowers the triple conveyor assembly. Finally, the button 828 is a conveyor jog button that operates the conveyor only while the button is being pressed.

[0052] The control device 288 can be arranged on the side of the multi-belt conveyor assembly 250 or at other locations required by the design and operation of the system. For example, in order to adjust the position of the multi-belt conveyor assembly 250, it is possible to include one or more control functions at a position that can be easily reached from the operator platform. An alternative button-type interface can be adopted regardless of the presence or absence of a joystick or similar direction control device for the traveling function. The steering wheel 290 further provides an operator presence signal so that the operator control device operates only while the operator is gripping the steering wheel.

[0053] Referring also to FIGS. 34 - 52, diagrams of various components and embodiments of a conveying system having a movable operator platform 410 characterized by an adjustable width and / or height are shown, which is combined with an extensible conveyor 124 and adjustable conveying devices 140, 160 to provide a complete conveying solution suitable for loading and unloading trucks, trailers, and containers. FIGS. 46 - 52 show specific embodiments of a movable conveying system 120 for loading and unloading articles together with an extensible conveyor. Generally, each conveying system includes a drive device 160 detachably connected to the extensible conveyor 124 and an adjustable conveying device 140 including at least one swivel conveyor 260 operably fixed on the drive device, and the adjustable conveying device is suitable for exchanging articles (e.g., packages) between the extensible conveyor at the first end and the operator at the opposite second end. Each conveying system 120 further includes a movable operator platform 410 detachably connected to the drive device and disposed below the second end of the swivel through conveyor 260.

[0054] In the illustrated conveying system, the adjustable operator platform 410 includes a telescoping base 420 that includes a first generally C-shaped frame member 422 and a second generally T-shaped frame member 424. As shown in the comparison of FIGS. 34-37, the second frame member (the shaft portion of the T) slides horizontally within the first frame member as indicated by arrow 426, thereby sliding the second base frame member 424 relative to the first base frame member 422 to expand or contract the installation area of the base periphery. A plurality of caster wheels 430 are attached to the bottom of each of the first and second frame members 422 and 424, and the casters support the frame portion regardless of the configuration (expanded or contracted). At the top of the telescoping base, there is a similarly telescoping operator surface 440 that includes an outer frame member 444 and an inner frame member 448. The inner frame member 444 of the surface slides horizontally within the outer frame member 448 of the operator surface, thereby sliding the inner frame member relative to the outer frame member to also expand or contract the installation area of the operator surface.

[0055] The operator platform also includes an adjustable lifting system that operably connects the telescoping base and the operator support surface 440 to enable control of the height of the operator support surface relative to the telescoping base 420. The movable operator platform 410 also includes at least two lifting mechanisms. The first lifting mechanism 450 is operably connected between a first lateral support member 452 of the base 420 (e.g., a generally C-shaped frame member) and an outer frame member 444 of the operator support surface. The second lifting mechanism 470 is operably connected between a second generally T-shaped frame member 424 of the base and an inner frame member 448 of the operator support surface. A first electromechanical actuator 456 is operably connected to the first lifting mechanism 450 to control the first lifting mechanism, and a second electromechanical actuator 476 is operably connected to the second lifting mechanism 470 to control the second lifting mechanism. The first and second electromechanical actuators are electronically synchronized to move the inner and outer frame members of the telescoping operator support surface up and down in synchronization with respect to the first and second base frame members of the telescoping base. The power for the electromechanical actuators 456 and 476 can be supplied from a vehicle-mounted rechargeable power source or from the power source of the drive unit 160. The power can also be supplied via a wired connection such as an electrical conductor provided via the extendable conveyor 124.

[0056] In one embodiment, each of the lifting mechanisms 450 and 470 includes at least one lifting linkage 462, such as a scissor assembly, disposed between the telescoping base and the telescoping operator support surface. The lifting linkage 462 includes a first pair of parallel members pivotally attached at an intermediate length position of a second pair of parallel members. One end of the first pair of members is pivotally attached to an upper lateral support member (e.g., a C-channel or similar member), and one end of the second pair of members is pivotally attached to a lower lateral support member. The opposite ends of the first pair of members are operably attached to a linear actuator 456 or 476 such that actuation of the linear actuator changes the height of the upper portion of the lifting linkage scissor assembly 462, thereby raising and lowering the operator support surface.

[0057] For example, as shown in FIG. 47, a movable operator platform can be operatively connected to a drive device 160. As shown, a first frame member 422 of the telescopic base 420 includes a rigid member 428 extending therefrom for removably connecting to at least one connection mechanism of the drive device. The movable operator platform 410 also includes a first operator handrail 460 attached to and extending upwardly from the outer operator support platform, and a second operator handrail 464 attached to and extending upwardly from the inner operator support platform. The handrails are designed to provide operator protection but are configured not to interfere with the exchange of articles on an adjacent conveyor (e.g., the swivel conveyor section 260).

[0058] As described above with respect to FIGS. 7 and 8, the adjustable conveyor apparatus of the mobile conveyor system 200 can include a support frame or platform 220 operably attached to the drive device 160 and an inclined transition conveyor section 210 pivotally coupled to the frame. The conveyor section 210 can be pivotally moved about a first generally horizontal axis 226. And at the opposite end 204, the conveyor section 210 is suitable for the transfer of articles with the extendable conveyor 124. The conveyor section 210 may include a drive surface such as a belt 212, or may include driven or non-driven rollers 214. The conveyor apparatus 200 also includes a pivot frame member 222 pivotally coupled to the support frame or platform 220 for pivotal movement about a generally vertical axis 224. Pivotally coupled to the pivot frame member 222 is a swivel conveyor section 260, which has a first end 264 pivotally coupled to the pivot frame member 222 for pivotal movement about a second generally horizontal axis 228 and an opposite second end 268 shaped for the transfer of articles with an operator (not shown). As shown, the first generally horizontal axis 226 and the second generally horizontal axis 228 are maintained at the same vertical height by the support frame or platform 220 and the pivot frame 222, respectively, such that articles can move from the upper surface of each conveyor component to the other.

[0059] In one embodiment of the mobile conveyor system 120, the drive device 160 includes a pair of drive wheels, rotates in a 180-degree range, and the transition assembly is also centered about a vertical drive axis and is adapted between the extendable conveyor 124 and the operator platform 410. It will be understood that the drive device 160 can be fitted with lights 306 for use within a trailer and sensors suitable for detecting obstacles and sides within the trailer for the above-described self-centered driving.

[0060] Also, the sole use of the operator platform 410 is assumed, which is used as an independent device or operably connected to an alternative conveyor configuration. Such a platform can be continuously operable in the manner described above so that it can extend horizontally near the width of the trailer during use and can be retracted to a small installation area to facilitate movement. Further, the operator platform 410 can be adjusted to place the operator at a height suitable for loading and unloading articles from the trailer 108 during use.

[0061] Alternative embodiments of the platform 410 are shown in FIGS. 40-44. The lifting mechanism of the movable platform uses a combination of a pair of linear actuators 478 and a reversing chain fall 480 on both sides of the platform. One end of the chain is fixed to the movable platform 440 and the other end is fixed to the base 420 and passes over the sprocket 482. The base 420 includes wheels or casters 430 that allow for easy movement with the modular drive device 160 attached. When operably and electrically connected to the modular drive device 160, the power to raise / lower the platform 440 via the actuator 478 and the power to drive the platform 410 are provided by the drive device itself.

[0062] By using a linear actuator and a chain system for the raising / lowering of the platform 440, a low-cost alternative is provided compared to a scissor-type mechanical lift configuration. Referring to FIGS. 40-44, the lift platform 410 uses a total of four linear actuators 478 (two on each side) on the platform, and these actuators include built-in motors. In one embodiment, the actuator is the Linak model LA36, which features a mechanical self-locking device including a steel gear unit, a brake between the actuator and the motor, and a redundant magnetic brake due to a short circuit in the motor winding. Further included are the necessary gear units, clutches, an integrated controller, controller area network (CAN) communication, standard tandem control, a moving end limit signal, and position feedback by an integrated hall effect sensor pulse.

[0063] The disclosed actuator and chain lift mechanism provide a redundant design considering the safety of people ascending and descending on the platform. The combination of four actuators 478 with redundant mechanical / magnetic self-locking functions enhances safety, and there is no risk of the platform falling even if any one actuator fails. As shown in FIGS. 0-44, the platform 410 provides a maximum vertical movement of 26 inches to the operator surface 440 by using gears and a chain to double the stroke of the actuator 478. It is also envisioned to use a counterbalance mechanism (e.g., gas shocks or torsion spring counterbalances on each side) on both sides of the platform 410. A counterbalance mechanism failure can be detected by current monitoring, but there is no risk of the platform descending rapidly even if the counterbalance fails.

[0064] In the design shown in FIGS. 40 - 44, the platform 410 is not cantilevered. This significantly reduces the weight of the components used in the platform. If a larger surface area for the operator is required, the design shown can include a manual telescoping slide or similar feature that provides additional horizontal area, allowing the operator to manually extend and retract the operator surface 440. In one embodiment, a 48V battery system is used to power the platform 410 including the base servo motor, eliminating the need for additional power supplies and electrical panel space. Further, the control of the actuator motors and sensors is designed to control multiple actuators in parallel based on a master actuator, further reducing component costs and control design. The master actuator monitors and detects when the synchronization of the actuators is off or overloaded, and if such a failure is detected, it places the platform in a safe mode and stops movement. It is further understood that the disclosed actuator-chain fall lift mechanism is equally suitable for both fixed-width and adjustable-width platforms. For safety purposes, a simple bellows 484 is used to cover the actuators and slide guides exposed during the raising and lowering of the operator platform. The actuator-chain fall mechanism is housed within the guardrail space used to house the actuators and other mechanical devices that perform the raising and lowering. The side plates can be removed for easy access to all components. Inspection of important load-bearing points is possible with a transparent plate. Further, the guardrail can include lighting, controls, etc. As shown, the platform 410 is supported by double-wheel casters 430 with a 6-inch diameter, allowing it to roll over dock plates and leaf fastener slots floors, reducing the pushing force required when the operator extends and retracts the platform. The platform is provided with a swivel link bracket that connects to the modular drive unit 160 to enable the necessary tracking travel on uneven / inclined surfaces.

[0065] Next, FIG. 49 shows the complete conveying system 120 described in detail herein, which includes a telescoping conveyor 124a, a drive unit 160 with an adjustable conveying device 140 thereon, and a worker platform 410. Similarly, FIGS. 50-52 show three alternative configurations of the conveying system 120, each including a different type of telescoping conveyor (124b, 124c, 124d), but all including a drive unit 160 with an adjustable conveying device 140 thereon, and a worker platform 410.

[0066] The features of the conveying system 120, particularly the drive unit and the associated conveyor interface 140, include the following: a swivel conveyor operating range from the floor up to 15 degrees above the horizontal plane; a traction capacity of 400 pounds and a travel speed of 35 feet per minute; a belt capacity of 150 pounds at a 30-degree incline in the slew-in conveyor section 260; operator control devices on both sides including operator sensing and a joystick thumb control for travel and steering as described with respect to FIG. 70; an emergency stop button; ground fault protection and ground conductor monitoring; a gripper-top belt in the slew-in conveyor section 260; a variable frequency drive (VFD) that controls an AC motor for the conveyor section 260 with adjustable speed control; including work zone lighting; an audible warning device that warns of the start of operation and an audible warning whose sound intensity and beep pattern can be changed according to the proximity to the machine; the system is designed to have a device for lifting and transporting by forklift; any travel sensors on the sides and rear. As described elsewhere, the drive unit, conveyor interface 140 and / or worker platform 410 can further include a non-contact ultrasonic detection device that detects objects on the path of the conveyor components. For example, the sensor is attached to the front of the swivel conveyor. Using the same technology, an object around the platform can be detected by a sensor array, and obstacles such as people, luggage, and trailer walls can be detected to avoid collisions.

[0067] FIG. 45 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the movable worker platform 490, which is operatively connected based on the drive device 160. In the embodiment of FIG. 45, the worker support surface 492 is also height adjustable and is supported by a cantilever link mechanism 494 from the drive device, and appropriate ballast is required for the drive device to ensure balance.

[0068] Next, referring to FIGS. 53 - 69, a detailed representation of the telescoping conveyor 124a according to an embodiment of the disclosed conveying system 120 is shown. Although described in conjunction with other components, it should be understood that the conveyor 124a can be a stand - alone system suitable for telescoping use. More specifically, the conveyor 124a is a bi - directional conveyor that includes a plurality of telescoping conveyor sections. The outermost conveyor section 510 has a first width (e.g., 42 inches) and includes a pair of opposing side members 520 and 522, and at least two pairs of automatic horizontal adjustment leg assemblies 528 that support the opposing side members at each end or near each end. At least one pair of guide rollers 530 and a pair of opposing guide channels 534 are attached to the inside of each opposing side member 520 and 522. The conveying surface of section 510 includes a plurality of cylindrical conveying rollers 512 spanning between the opposing side members, and at least one of the cylindrical conveying rollers is an electric roller 538 - by "electric" is meant a drive roller from an internal motor or a motor that is adaptably connected (e.g., via an elastomeric band) to or in contact with the roller. It is understood that alternative motor configurations can be used in one or more expandable conveyor sections to drive one or more rollers as needed. Further, the electric roller is controllable with respect to direction, speed, etc. and is used to drive one or more of the adjacent rollers, whereby the entire conveying surface can move an object thereon, for example, by operatively connecting adjacent rollers using a continuous elastic member. Section 510 also includes a power ramp 540 at the first end of the outermost conveyor section to facilitate the transfer of an object (e.g., a load) between the outermost conveyor section 510 and the nested conveyor section 550a adjacent thereto. As another option, in one or more conveyor sections, a full - length belt can be used instead of rollers. This is made possible by the modular design of the frame.

[0069] Conveyor 124a further includes a plurality of telescoping conveyor sections 550a and 550b that are nested within the outermost conveyor section 510. Each telescoping conveyor section has a progressively smaller width, for example, 33 inches and 29 inches respectively, but any width is possible as long as it progressively decreases. Each telescoping section 550a and 550b includes a pair of opposing side members 560a,b and 562a,b, at least one pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs 558a,b attached to and supporting the opposing side members 560a,b and 562a,b, at least one pair of guide rollers 530 and a pair of opposing guide channels 534 attached to the inside of each opposing side member of the telescoping conveyor section, and a guide rail 536 attached to the outside of each opposing side member of the telescoping conveyor section. This guide rail 536 passes through the rollers and guide rails of the adjacent conveyor section (such as the rollers 530 and the pair of opposing guide channels 534 of section 510) to facilitate the telescoping of the telescoping sections 550a and 550b relative to the adjacent conveyor section (510 or 550a).

[0070] Similar to the outermost section, each of sections 550a and 550b also includes a plurality of cylindrical conveyor rollers 512 spanning between the respective opposing side members 560a,b and 562a,b of the telescoping conveyor section. At least one of the cylindrical conveyor rollers is an electric roller 538 that can provide a driving rotational force to one or more adjacent non-electric rollers as described above. To facilitate the use of elastic bands, each conveyor roller (such as 512) includes a pair of annular grooves to facilitate the retention and tracking of a continuous elastic member 532 that operatively connects adjacent rollers.

[0071] Also, to facilitate the transfer of objects (such as packages) between adjacent sections, power lamps 570a,b are included at the first end of each telescoping conveyor section.

[0072] The telescopic conveyor 124a further includes an innermost conveyor section 580 disposed in a nested manner within a telescopic conveyor section (e.g., 550b). This section itself includes a pair of opposing side members 582 and 584, at least one pair of legs 588 (with a fixed height or capable of automatic horizontal adjustment) attached to and supporting the opposing side members 582 and 584, and guide rails 536 attached to the outside of each of the opposing side members 582 and 584. These guide rails pass through the rollers 530 and guide channels 534 of an adjacent one of the plurality of telescopic conveyor sections (e.g., 550b) to facilitate the telescoping of the innermost section 580 with respect to an adjacent conveyor section (e.g., 550b). Further, the section 580 includes a plurality of cylindrical conveyor rollers 512 spanning between the opposing side members 582 and 584, and at least one of the cylindrical conveyor rollers is an electric roller 532, which is similarly controllable and can provide a driving rotational force to one or more adjacent non-electric rollers.

[0073] In the bi-directional conveyor 124a, each pair of automatic horizontal adjustment leg assemblies (e.g., 528, 558a, b) includes a pair of telescoping legs 610 that include a plurality of telescoping sections 614, and each telescoping leg extends downward from each of the side members. In the illustrated embodiment, the three central sets of legs are adjustable and the end legs are at a fixed height, which is the same regardless of the number of sections in the telescoping conveyor embodiment of 124a. Each automatic horizontal adjustment leg has a height adjustment mechanism 620 that controls the length of the telescoping leg 610 and a caster wheel 608 attached to the lower portion of each telescoping leg 610. In one embodiment, the automatic horizontal adjustment leg assemblies (528, 558a, b) further include (i) an upper lateral support member 624 spanning between the respective opposing telescoping sections 614, the upper lateral support member having a flat surface or the open side of a C-channel facing downward, (ii) a lower lateral support member 628 spanning between the lowermost telescoping leg sections 614 of each leg, the lower lateral support member having the open side or the interior of a C-channel facing upward, and (iii) a lift link assembly 630 (e.g., one or more X-shaped pliers-like links) X disposed between the upper lateral support member and the lower lateral support member, the link assembly including a first pair of parallel members 634 pivotally attached to a second pair of parallel members 636 at the length central portion, one end of the first pair of members being pivotally attached to the upper lateral support member 624, one end of the second pair of members being pivotally attached to the lower lateral support member 628, and the opposite ends of the first pair of members being operatively attached to a linear actuator 640 such that actuation of the linear actuator 640 changes the height of the lift link assembly and thereby (extends or retracts) the legs 610. FIGS. 62 and 63 show the relative height adjustment achievable with the automatic adjustment leg assembly, and it will be understood that modified or alternative mechanisms can be employed to achieve equal or greater height adjustment. For example, an alternative embodiment for extending and retracting the telescoping legs 610 can employ a rotary motor with a chain fall and sprocket (see, e.g., the disclosure regarding the height adjustment of the operator platform embodiment). Alternatively, a manually adjustable leg set can also be employed.

[0074] To facilitate the automatic operation of the bidirectional conveyor 124a, each automatic horizontal adjustment leg assembly set (528, 558a, b) includes at least one sensor (not shown) for sensing when the leg or caster 608 loses contact with the lower surface and when the upper part of the conveyor section to which the leg is attached exceeds a predetermined angle with respect to the adjacent section. Such a sensor can include a force sensor operatively connected to the telescopic leg to sense whether the telescopic leg is in contact with the floor or the trailer floor. To ensure that the height adjustment of one set of legs does not adversely affect other sections of the conveyor, the height adjustment of each pair of automatic horizontal adjustment leg assemblies (528, 558a, b) is performed as a function of the input from at least one sensor, or more appropriately, as a function of the input from a plurality of sensors associated with a plurality of automatic horizontal adjustment legs and the control process. The purpose of the leg height adjustment control is to ensure that the surfaces of all conveyor sections are parallel to each other even when the conveyor is tilted overall upward or downward according to the relative vertical position of the truck, trailer, or container. In one embodiment, the first and last legs of the telescopic conveyor 124 are of fixed height, and thus the intermediate legs are adjusted based on two possible sensing methods: (i) using signals from a plurality of tilt sensors or inclinometers, and the control loop adjusts the legs to drive / maintain the same level value from each sensor, or (ii) measuring the vertical gap between conveyor sections with an optical sensor, and a specific gap value becomes the set value for the closed-loop control.

[0075] For example, the fixed leg assembly 588 of the lowest adjustable conveyor section 580 becomes the "master" when moving in the forward direction into the trailer. Next, the leg assembly 558b of section 550b moves up and down following section 580. The control device monitors a sensor that detects the angle between section 580 and section 550b, and adjusts the extension and retraction of the legs of leg assembly 558b to match the angle of section 580. This process is repeated for all the remaining conveyor sections (e.g., 550a and 510) and their associated leg assemblies (e.g., 558a and 528). The control device monitors a sensor that detects the angle between section 550b and section 550a, and adjusts the extension and retraction of the legs of leg assembly 558a to match the angle of section 550b. The control device monitors a sensor that detects the angle between section 550a and section 510, and adjusts the extension and retraction of the legs of leg assembly 528 to match the angle of section 550a. The closed-loop control is adjusted to provide optimal performance with respect to the moving speed and the specification of the height change rate. The control algorithm dynamically maintains the parallel relationship of the four conveyor sections 580, 550b, 550a, 510.

[0076] Also, the drawings show that each of the sections 510, 550a, b and 580 includes a cable trough 710 parallel to its respective opposing side member, and the trough is located below the rollers. This trough is suitable for accommodating the data and power cables for the operation of the conveyor 124a, but can further accommodate the power and control signal cables for related components such as the conveyor interface component 140, the modular drive 160, and the operator platform 410.

[0077] Additional guide rollers 602 can be attached to the opposing side members of the outer and adjacent sections to facilitate the telescoping movement, particularly the telescoping movement between sections.

[0078] In one embodiment, the power lamps (540, 570a,b) for the bidirectional conveyor include an electric lamp roller 750, an idler component 756 (a curved surface, a plurality of adjacent wheels on the axis) at a position level-offset (downward) from the plane defined by the plurality of cylindrical conveyor rollers (e.g., 512), and a continuous belt 760 disposed around the electric lamp roller 750 and the idler component 756, wherein the inner surface of the belt contacts the outer surface of the electric lamp roller, and the belt moves in response to the movement of the electric lamp roller, thereby assisting in the transfer of objects (e.g., packages) between conveyor sections. In some electric lamp rollers, it may be understood that it may be advantageous to include a support member 770 between the electric lamp roller 750 and the idler component 756, and the support member includes a low-friction surface that contacts the inner surface of the belt 760.

[0079] As shown, for example, in FIG. 57, the bidirectional conveyor 124a includes a control panel 780, which includes electronics and a programmable controller for controlling the operation of the conveyor, including the speed and direction of the electric rollers and the height of each pair of automatic leveling legs, in response to input signals (e.g., from sensors, operator interfaces, etc.). The operation of the conveyor provides zones for accumulation, indexing, gap control, and speed control to facilitate the efficient transfer of products to / from the conveyor. The conveyor 124a has distributed power and control modules in each telescoping section for the integration of actuators and sensing devices. A microcontroller (not shown in the control panel 780) is used for real-time evaluation and operation control based on the position of the telescoping section, the height of the adjustable legs, the package sensors on the upper surface, proportional control feedback, and barcode scanning. The master / slave strategy is used to coordinate the dynamic response to changes in the floor height during the extension and contraction of the telescoping sections, as described in more detail above.

[0080] The overall length of the telescopic conveyor 124a is divided into independently controlled zones. Each zone has adjustable speed control, provides indexing of packages, enables accumulation of packages for presentation to an operator or an automation system, and creation of a controlled gap between packages. The control system for conveyor 124a and related conveyor interface components 140 enables collection of package data, counting of packages, package weight feedback to the operator prior to handling, sorting and buffering decisions of packages, and reintroduction of identified packages into the loading stream. The control system is integrated with other equipment at both ends via exchange signals for seamless package transfer.

[0081] The smart conveyor has distributed power and control modules in all telescopic sections for integration of actuators and sensing devices. The microcontroller within the control panel 780 is used for real-time evaluation and control based on the position of the telescopic section, leg height, package sensors, proportional control feedback, and barcode scanning. The master / slave strategy is used to coordinate the dynamic response to floor height changes during extension and contraction of the telescopic sections.

[0082] The overall length of the conveyor is divided into independently controlled zones. Each zone has adjustable speed control, provides indexing of packages, enables accumulation of packages for presentation to an operator or an automation system, and creation of a controlled gap between packages. The control system enables collection of package data, counting of packages, package weight feedback to the operator prior to handling, sorting and buffering decisions of packages, and reintroduction of identified packages into the loading stream. The control system is integrated with other equipment at both ends via exchange signals for seamless package transfer.

[0083] FIG. 72 shows side views of three alternative embodiments of the conveyor system 120 employing the telescoping conveyor 124a described above, with the conveyor disposed within trailers having different heights and incline configurations. Each figure demonstrates the advantages of a conveyor with adjustable (telescoping) legs and associated sensors so as to be adaptable to the various configurations that may be experienced at a shipping facility. For example, the uppermost example in FIG. 72 pertains to a trailer having a deck higher than the dock floor and generally inclined away from the dock. The middle example pertains to a trailer having a deck lower than the dock floor and inclined away from the dock. The lowermost example in FIG. 72 pertains to a trailer having a deck that starts at a position higher than the dock floor level and descends away from the dock. As shown by a comparison of the heights of the legs of the telescoping conveyor 124a, the conveyor can be adapted to various configurations.

[0084] FIGS. 47 - 58 are alternative views of the conveyor interface components of FIGS. 2 - 3 and include descriptions of the various features and functions described with respect to the drive device 160 and the conveyor interface components 140.

[0085] Various changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and without sacrificing its intended advantages. Accordingly, it is expected that all such changes and modifications will be covered by this application.

Claims

1. A driving device, a frame including a front portion and a rear portion, first and second independent drive wheels pivotally attached to the frame and operatively connected to be driven by at least one drive motor attached to the frame near the rear portion, with a part of each drive wheel extending below the bottom of the frame, the first and second independent drive wheels; at least one caster wheel attached to the frame at a position spaced apart from the first and second independent drive wheels near the front portion, with a part of the caster wheel extending below the bottom of the frame, the at least one caster wheel; a power source for supplying power to operate the at least one drive motor in response to a control signal; and a mounting base extending upward from the frame for attaching at least one conveyor interface component.

2. The driving device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second independent drive wheels are connected to the frame along a common axis and are independently connected to first and second independent drive motors respectively.

3. The driving device according to claim 1, further comprising a housing generally surrounding the frame, the housing including an upper portion, a bottom portion, and a plurality of side surfaces.

4. The driving device according to claim 3, wherein the frame further includes at least one connection mechanism extending from the front portion or the rear portion, passing through the housing, and being attached and driven by another mechanical device.

5. The driving device according to claim 1, A drive device further comprising first and second gearboxes that operably connect the first and second independent drive motors to the first and second independent drive wheels, respectively.

6. The drive device according to claim 4, wherein the drive wheels are arranged to be rotatable 180 degrees, the drive device.

7. The drive device according to claim 1, further comprising a conveyor interface component connected to the mounting base, wherein the conveyor interface component is operably connected to the drive device to facilitate driving and steering of the conveyor end, and provides a transport interface for exchanging articles with the conveyor end, the drive device.

8. The drive device according to claim 7, wherein the transport interface includes a multi-belt conveyor assembly, wherein the multi-belt conveyor assembly has a plurality of parallel belts, and each belt is driven in synchronization with each other, the drive device.

9. The drive device according to claim 8, wherein the multi-belt conveyor assembly is rotatable about a horizontal axis and is swingable to cover an operable horizontal range and vertical range, the drive device.

10. The drive device according to claim 1, further comprising adjustable leveling casters attached to the rear of the frame, the drive device.

11. The drive device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller suitable for receiving an input and controlling the operation of the modular drive device in response to the input, the drive device.

12. The drive device according to claim 11, A drive device comprising at least one sensor for detecting an object including an adjacent wall, wherein the controller receives an input from the at least one sensor and automatically adjusts the operation of the drive device in response thereto.

13. The drive device according to claim 1, comprising an array of ultrasonic sensors for detecting an object, wherein the controller automatically adjusts the operation of the drive device in response to signals from the array of ultrasonic sensors.

14. The drive device according to claim 11, wherein the drive device moves in response to an operator input.

15. The drive device according to claim 14, wherein the operator input is provided by an operating handle having a four-quadrant operation.

16. The drive device according to claim 15, wherein the operating handle further operates in one of at least two selectable control modes including a first mode for controlling the travel of the drive device and a second mode for controlling the tilt position of the at least one conveyor interface component.

17. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the frame is a counterweight frame for towing capacity.

18. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the drive device pivots 180 degrees around a vertical drive shaft located between the first and second independent drive wheels.

19. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting base further includes an intermediate support pivotally attached.

20. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting base further includes an intermediate support slidably connected to the mounting base.

21. The drive device according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate support slidably and pivotally connected to the mounting base.

22. The drive device according to claim 21, further comprising at least one adjustable conveying unit attached to and supported by the intermediate support.

23. The drive device according to claim 1, an intermediate support slidably and pivotally connected to the mounting base, and a telescopic conveyor detachably connected to the modular drive device, the telescopic conveyor for loading and unloading articles from the telescopic conveyor, and an adjustable conveying device including at least one pivoting conveyor operably attached to the intermediate support, the adjustable conveying device being capable of exchanging articles with the telescopic conveyor at a first end and being suitable for exchanging articles with an operator at a second end on the opposite side, and further comprising a mobile operator platform removably connected to the drive device and disposed adjacent to the second end of the adjustable conveying device.

24. The drive device according to claim 23, wherein the telescopic conveyor includes a bidirectional conveyor, and the bidirectional conveyor includes a plurality of telescopic conveyor sections including an outermost conveyor section of a first width, and the outermost conveyor section includes a pair of opposing side members, and At least one pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to the opposing side members near the ends of the outermost conveyor section and supporting the opposing side members near the ends of the outermost conveyor section. At least one pair of guide rollers and a pair of opposing guide channels attached inside the opposing side members of each of the outermost conveyor sections. A conveying surface extending between the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section. A power ramp at the first end of the outermost conveyor section, which facilitates the movement of articles between the outermost conveyor section and an nested conveyor section adjacent thereto. Including the nested telescopic conveyor section within the outermost conveyor section. The telescopic conveyor section. A pair of opposing side members. At least one pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section and supporting the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section. Guide rails attached to the outside of each of the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, the guide rails facilitating the extension and retraction of the telescopic section relative to the outermost conveyor section by passing through the rollers and guide rails of the outermost conveyor section. Including a conveying surface extending between the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, a driving device.

25. A device for driving a telescopic conveyor. A frame including a front portion and a rear portion. At least one drive wheel pivotally connected to the frame and operatively connected to be driven by at least one drive motor, with a part of the drive wheel extending below the bottom of the frame. At least one caster wheel attached to the frame at a position away from the drive wheel, the caster wheel including at least one caster wheel having a portion extending below the bottom of the frame, A power source for operating the at least one drive motor in response to a control signal, A mounting base extending upward from the frame, the mounting base including a mounting base for operably mounting at least one conveyor interface component to interface with the telescopic conveyor.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, The telescopic conveyor includes a bidirectional conveyor, The bidirectional conveyor, A plurality of telescopic conveyor sections including a conveying surface, At least one pair of automatic level adjustment legs attached to one of the plurality of telescopic conveyor sections and supporting one of the plurality of telescopic conveyor sections, At least one power ramp in transition between conveyor sections, the power ramp facilitating the movement of articles.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25, The first end of the conveyor interface component is operably connected to the telescopic conveyor, An apparatus that not only facilitates the driving and steering of the telescopic conveyor but also provides a conveying interface for exchanging articles with the end of the telescopic conveyor.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, The apparatus further includes a mobile operator platform movably attached to the apparatus and positioned near the second end of the conveyor interface component.

29. A telescopic conveyor, Comprising a plurality of telescopic conveyor sections, said plurality of telescopic conveyor sections including an outermost conveyor section of a first width, said outermost conveyor section comprising a first pair of opposing side members, at least a first pair of automatic level adjusting legs attached to said opposing side members adjacent to the ends of said outermost conveyor section and supporting said opposing side members adjacent to the ends of said outermost conveyor section, at least a first pair of guide rollers and a first pair of opposing guide channels attached inside each of said first pair of opposing side members of said outermost conveyor section, a first conveying surface provided between said first pair of opposing side members of said outermost conveyor section, said first conveying surface having at least a part thereof drivable, a first power ramp at a first end of said outermost conveyor section, said first power ramp facilitating movement of articles between said outermost conveyor section and a nested conveyor section adjacent thereto, said nested conveyor section being nestable within said outermost conveyor section and also being telescopic from within said outermost conveyor section, said nested conveyor section comprising a second pair of opposing side members, at least a second pair of automatic level adjusting legs attached to said second pair of opposing side members of said nested conveyor section and supporting said second pair of opposing side members of said nested conveyor section, a second guide rail attached to each of said second pair of opposing side members of said nested conveyor section, said second guide rail extending through said first roller and said first guide rail of said outermost conveyor section and enabling said nested conveyor section to be telescopic with respect to said outermost conveyor section, a second conveying surface provided between said second pair of opposing side members of said nested conveyor section, said second conveying surface having at least a part thereof drivable, a telescopic conveyor.

30. The conveyor according to claim 29, wherein the conveying surface is a plurality of cylindrical conveyor rollers, a flexible belt, a combination of a flexible belt and a conveyor roller, and at least one of the combinations of the flexible belt and the conveyor roller is a driven combination, and the conveyor is selected from the group consisting of.

31. The conveyor according to claim 29, wherein each of the at least one pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs is a pair of telescopic legs including a plurality of telescopic sections, and each telescopic leg is a pair of telescopic legs extending downward from each of the side members, a height adjustment mechanism for controlling the length of the telescopic leg, and a pair of caster wheels attached below the telescopic leg. The conveyor.

32. The conveyor according to claim 31, wherein the at least one pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs an upper cross support spanning between the respective opposing side members, a lower cross support spanning between the lowermost leg sections of the respective telescopic legs, and further includes a lifting link mechanism positioned between the upper cross support and the lower cross support, the lifting link mechanism including a first pair of parallel members, the first pair of parallel members being pivotally attached to a central portion of a second pair of parallel members, one end of the first pair of parallel members being pivotally attached to the upper cross support, one end of the second pair of parallel members being pivotally attached to the lower cross support, and an opposite end of the first pair of parallel members being operatively attached to a linear actuator, and when the linear actuator is actuated, the height of the lifting link mechanism changes, thereby causing the telescopic leg to expand and contract. The conveyor.

33. The conveyor according to claim 29, wherein Further comprising at least one sensor associated with each pair of automatic level-adjusting legs, the at least one sensor sensing when the leg loses contact with the underlying surface and when the upper part of the conveyor section to which the leg is attached exceeds a predetermined extended length of the leg, conveyor.

34. The conveyor according to claim 33, Adjusting the height of each pair of automatic level-adjusting legs is performed as a function of the input from at least one sensor associated with each pair of automatic level-adjusting legs, conveyor.

35. The conveyor according to claim 33, Adjusting the height of each pair of automatic level-adjusting legs is performed as a function of the input from a plurality of sensors respectively associated with a plurality of pairs of automatic level-adjusting legs, conveyor.

36. The conveyor according to claim 29, At least one sensor associated with each pair of automatic level-adjusting legs, the sensor further comprising at least one sensor sensing the inclination angle of the telescopic conveyor section to which the automatic level-adjusting leg is attached, conveyor.

37. The conveyor according to claim 29, Each conveyor section includes a cable trough parallel to the opposing side members, the trough being located below the roller, conveyor.

38. The conveyor according to claim 29, Further comprising guide rollers attached outside the opposing side members of the telescopic conveyor section, conveyor.

39. The conveyor according to claim 29, The conveying surface of each telescopic conveyor section includes a plurality of rollers and at least one electric roller, each electric roller being capable of driving one or more non-electric rollers, conveyor.

40. The conveyor according to claim 39, wherein each conveyor roller includes a pair of annular grooves for facilitating the retention and tracking of a continuous member that operably couples adjacent rollers.

41. The conveyor according to claim 29, wherein the power lamp comprises an electric lamp roller, an idler component disposed at a level offset from the plane of the conveying surface, and a continuous belt disposed around the electric lamp roller and the idler component, the inner surface of the belt contacting the outer surface of the electric lamp roller and causing movement of the belt in response to movement of the electric lamp roller, thereby transmitting movement of an object between conveyor sections.

42. The conveyor according to claim 41, further comprising a support member disposed between the electric lamp roller and the idler component, the support member including a low friction surface that contacts the inner surface of the belt.

43. The conveyor according to claim 39, further comprising a control panel that includes electronic equipment and a programmable controller, the electronic equipment and the programmable controller being for controlling the operation of the conveyor, including the speed and direction of the conveying surface and the height of each pair of automatic leveling legs, in response to an input signal.

44. The conveyor according to claim 43, wherein the operation of the conveyor provides zones for accumulation, indexing, gap control, and speed control to facilitate efficient movement of products to or from the conveyor.

45. The conveyor according to claim 29, further comprising a removably connected drive device, wherein the drive device comprises: a frame including a front end portion and a rear end portion; first and second independent drive wheels pivotally connected to the frame, each drive wheel being operatively connected to a respective one of first and second independent drive motors attached to the frame adjacent the rear end portion, and portions of each drive wheel extending below the bottom of the frame; at least one caster wheel attached to the frame adjacent the front end portion and spaced from a common axis, the caster wheel having a portion extending below the bottom of the frame; a power source for supplying power to operate each of the first and second independent drive motors in response to a control signal; and a mounting pedestal extending upward from the frame and operatively attached to interface one or more conveyor interface components with one of the plurality of telescoping conveyor sections.

46. A telescoping conveyor, comprising: a plurality of telescoping conveyor sections including an outermost conveyor section of a first width, the outermost conveyor section comprising: outermost opposing side members; at least one pair of automatic level adjustment legs attached to and supporting the opposing side members adjacent the ends of the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section; at least one pair of guide rollers and one pair of opposing guide channels mounted inside each opposing side member of the outermost conveyor section; a first conveying surface extending between the opposing side members of the outermost conveyor section; and a first power ramp at a first end of the outermost conveyor section for facilitating movement of an object between the outermost conveyor section and an nested conveyor section adjacent thereto. At least one of the N telescopic conveyor sections is nested within the outermost conveyor section, each of the N telescopic conveyor sections having a width that gradually decreases, and each of the N telescopic conveyor sections N opposing side members, At least the Nth pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to the opposing side members of the Nth nested conveyor section and supporting the opposing side members, At least the Nth pair of guide rollers and the Nth pair of opposing guide channels attached inside each of the opposing side members of the Nth telescopic conveyor section, the guide rails being attached outside each of the opposing side members of the Nth telescopic conveyor section, the guide rails passing through the rollers and guide rails of the adjacent conveyor section to expand and contract the Nth telescopic section relative to the adjacent conveyor section, at least the Nth pair of guide rollers and the Nth pair of opposing guide channels, The Nth conveying surface spanning between the opposing side members of the Nth telescopic conveyor section, Including the Nth power ramp at the first end of the Nth telescopic conveyor section for facilitating the movement of objects between adjacent conveyor sections, Further comprising an innermost conveyor section nested within one of the N telescopic conveyor sections, the innermost conveyor section The last, innermost opposing side members, Including at least the last pair of automatic horizontal adjustment legs attached to the opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section and supporting the opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section, The last guide rail is attached outside each of the innermost opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section, the last guide rail passing through the rollers and guide rails of the section adjacent to one of the N conveyor sections to expand and contract the innermost section relative to the section adjacent to one of the N telescopic conveyor sections, An extensible conveyor further including a conveying surface extending between opposing side members of the innermost conveyor section.

47. A movable conveying system for loading and unloading an object from an extensible conveyor, a driving device removably connectable to the extensible conveyor, an adjustable conveying device including at least one pivotally supported conveyor operatively attached to the driving device, the adjustable conveying device being adapted to exchange an object with the extensible conveyor at a first end and to exchange an object with an operator at a second end on the opposite side; A movable conveying system comprising a movable operator platform removably connected to the driving device and positioned under a second end of the pivotally supported conveyor.

48. The movable conveying system according to claim 47, wherein the movable operator platform includes an extensible base including a first frame member and a second frame member, the second frame member sliding horizontally within the first frame member such that by sliding the second base frame member relative to the first frame member, the footprint around the base is enlarged or reduced; an extensible operator surface including an outer frame member and an inner frame member, the inner frame member sliding horizontally within the outer frame member such that by sliding the inner frame member relative to the outer frame member, the footprint of the operator support surface is enlarged or reduced; and a platform lifting system operatively connecting the extensible base to the operator support surface to controllably adjust the height of the operator support surface relative to the extensible base.

49. The movable conveying system according to claim 48, wherein the platform lifting system At least two elevator mechanisms, wherein the first elevator mechanism is operatively connected between the first frame member of the base and the outer frame member of the operator support surface, and the second elevator mechanism is operatively connected between the second frame member of the base and the inner frame member of the operator support surface, and at least two elevator mechanisms. A first actuator operatively connected to the first elevator mechanism for controlling the first elevator mechanism, and a second actuator operatively connected to the second elevator mechanism for controlling the second elevator mechanism, wherein the first and second actuators are synchronized to synchronously raise and lower the inner and outer frame members of the telescopic operator support surface with respect to the first and second base frame members of the telescopic base, a movable conveying system.

50. The movable conveying system according to claim 49, wherein each of the elevator mechanisms Includes at least one assembly disposed between the telescopic base and the telescopic operator support surface, the assembly including a pair of first parallel members pivotally attached to the center of a second parallel member, one end of the pair of first parallel members being pivotally attached to an upper cross support, one end of the pair of second parallel members being pivotally attached to a lower cross support, and the opposite ends of the pair of first parallel members being operatively attached to a linear actuator, and by the operation of the linear actuator, the height of the assembly changes, whereby the telescopic assembly and the operator support surface are raised and lowered, a movable conveying system.

51. The movable conveying system according to claim 48, wherein The first frame member of the telescopic base includes a rigid member extending therefrom for removably connecting to at least one connection mechanism of a drive device, a movable conveying system.

52. The movable conveying system according to claim 48, wherein A movable conveying system further including a first operator handrail attached to the outer support platform and extending upward from the outer support platform, and a second operator handrail attached to the inner support platform and extending upward from the inner support platform.

53. The movable conveying system according to claim 48, wherein the platform lifting system includes a plurality of actuators respectively driving associated chain falls operatively connected between the telescopic base and the operator support surface.

54. The movable conveying system according to claim 47, wherein the adjustable conveying device includes a support frame operatively attached to a drive device, a tiltable transfer conveyor section having a first end pivotally coupled to the frame to perform a pivotal movement about a first generally horizontal axis and a second end on the opposite side adapted to exchange objects with a telescopic conveyor, a pivot frame member pivotally coupled to the support frame to perform a pivotal movement about a generally vertical axis, and a swivel conveyor section having a first end pivotally coupled to the pivot frame member to perform a pivotal movement about a second generally horizontal axis and a second end on the opposite side formed to exchange objects. The first generally horizontal axis and the second generally horizontal axis are maintained at the same vertical height by the support frame and the pivot frame respectively.

55. The movable conveying system according to claim 54, wherein the drive device includes a pair of drive wheels and rotates in a range of 180 degrees around a vertical drive axis located at the midpoint between the pair of drive wheels, and the transfer assembly also centers on the vertical drive axis.

56. The movable conveying system according to claim 47, wherein the drive device includes a frame including a front portion and a rear portion, at least one drive wheel connected to the frame, wherein the at least one drive wheel is operatively connected to a drive motor attached to the frame, and a part of the at least one drive wheel extends to a lower portion of the frame adjacent to the rear portion; at least one drive wheel, at least one caster wheel attached at a position adjacent to the front portion of the frame and away from the at least one drive wheel, wherein a part of the caster wheel extends to a lower portion of the frame; at least one caster wheel, a power source for operating the drive motor in response to a control signal, and a mounting base extending upward from the frame and to which one or more conveyor interface components can be operatively attached. A movable conveying system.

57. A movable operator platform attachable to a conveyor drive device, the movable operator platform comprising a telescopic base including a first frame member and a second frame member, wherein the second frame member slides horizontally within the first frame member such that the footprint of the base expands or contracts as the second base frame member slides relative to the first base frame member; a telescopic base, a telescopic operator platform including an outer frame member and an inner frame member, wherein the inner frame member slides horizontally within the outer frame member such that the footprint of the operator platform expands or contracts as the inner frame member slides relative to the outer frame member; a telescopic operator platform, A movable operator platform comprising a platform lifting system that operatively connects the telescopic base to the operator platform to enable the height of the operator platform to be controllable relative to the telescopic base. **Claim 58** The movable operator platform according to claim 57, wherein the platform lifting system comprises at least two elevator mechanisms, wherein a first elevator mechanism is operatively connected between a first substantially C-shaped frame member of the base and an outer frame member of the operator platform, and a second elevator mechanism is operatively connected between a second substantially T-shaped frame member of the base and an inner frame member of the operator platform; at least two elevator mechanisms; a first electromechanical actuator for controlling the first elevator mechanism, and a second electromechanical actuator for controlling the second elevator mechanism, wherein the first and second electromechanical actuators are electronically synchronized to raise and lower the inner and outer frame members of the telescopic operator platform relative to the first and second base frame members of the telescopic base. A movable operator platform comprising the first and second electromechanical actuators. **Claim 59** The movable operator platform according to claim 57, wherein the platform lifting system comprises a plurality of actuating devices operatively connected to a sprocket, the sprocket engaging a chain having a first end operatively connected to the base and a second end operatively connected to the movable operator surface, and a plurality of actuating devices for raising or lowering the movable operator surface by extension or contraction of the plurality of actuating devices. A movable operator platform comprising the plurality of actuating devices. **Claim 60** The movable operator platform according to claim 58, wherein each of said elevator mechanisms comprises at least one assembly disposed between said telescopic base and said telescopic operator platform, said assembly including a pair of first parallel members pivotally mounted centrally to a pair of second parallel members, one end of said pair of first parallel members being pivotally mounted to an upper cross support, one end of said pair of second parallel members being pivotally mounted to a lower cross support, and the opposite ends of said pair of first parallel members being operatively connected to an actuator, whereby actuation of said actuator changes the height of said assembly and thereby raises and lowers said telescopic legs. A movable operator platform. **Claim 61** The movable operator platform according to claim 57, wherein the first frame member of said telescopic base includes a rigid member extending therefrom for removably connecting to at least one connection mechanism of a drive device. A movable operator platform. **Claim 62** The movable operator platform according to claim 57, wherein it further includes a first operator handrail attached to said outer platform and extending upward therefrom, and a second operator handrail attached to said inner platform and extending upward therefrom. A movable operator platform.

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