Formulations containing β-mannanase enzyme and methods thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a formulation comprising a feed composition and a β-mannanase enzyme. Further provided is a method of administering the formulation to an animal, such as a swine animal, to exhibit a beneficial effect on the animal. The formulations and methods described herein can provide benefits to the overall well-being and future productivity of the animal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 353,446, filed on June 17, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Field of the Invention The present disclosure relates to a formulation comprising a feed composition and a β - mannanase enzyme. Further provided is a method of administering the formulation to an animal, such as a swine animal, to demonstrate a beneficial effect on the animal. The formulations and methods described herein can provide benefits to the overall well - being and future productivity of the animal.

Background Art

[0003] Background Modern swine diets typically include vegetable - based feed ingredients such as legume meals, grains, and grain by - products. Many vegetable - based feed ingredients contain potent antinutritional polysaccharide fibers such as β - mannan. Generally, β - mannan belongs to the hemicellulose fraction and has a backbone composed of mannose (e.g., mannan and galactomannan) or mannose and glucose (e.g., glucomannan and galacto - glucomannan).

[0004] The estimated content of soluble β - mannan in a typical finishing diet is only 0.20 - 0.35%. However, in vitro studies have demonstrated that as little as 0.05% soluble β - mannan in the feed can induce a strong innate immune response in animals. This innate response is known as a feed - induced immune response (FIIR) that suppresses growth to protect the animal's liver and stores energy and nutrients for prioritized immune functions. Thus, there is a need for new formulations and methods to assist in preventing immune responses in animals, for example, by including substances in animal feed.

Summary of the Invention

[0005] Summary The present disclosure provides a feed composition, a formulation comprising a β-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, Indiana), and related methods. The formulations and methods of the present disclosure, when used via supplementing a swine diet, provide favorable results in one or more of performance data, health parameters, slaughter data, and / or carcass quality.

[0006] Additional features of the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the exemplary embodiments that illustrate the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as currently contemplated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] Detailed Description In an exemplary aspect, a dietary formulation is provided that includes i) a feed composition and ii) an amount of β-mannanase. The amount of β-mannanase is selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

[0008] In certain embodiments, the dietary formulation is a swine dietary formulation. Swine dietary formulations are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0009] In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains a low net energy amount. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains from about 50 kcal to about 100 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains from about 60 kcal to about 90 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains from about 70 kcal to about 80 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 50 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 55 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 60 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 65 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 70 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 75 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 80 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 85 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 90 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 95 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains about 100 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed.

[0012] In certain embodiments, the feed composition contains palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises from about 5 to 15% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 5% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 6% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 7% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 8% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 9% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 10% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 11% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 12% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 13% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 14% palm kernel expeller (PKE). In certain embodiments, the feed composition comprises about 15% palm kernel expeller (PKE).

[0013] In certain embodiments, by feeding the swine diet formulation to a group of swine, at least one performance parameter of the group of swine is maintained at a level that is not statistically different from the level of at least one performance parameter for a group of swine that has not been treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the at least one performance parameter comprises at least one of average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), carcass data, or loin quality. In certain embodiments, the carcass data comprises one or more of hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of reducing the rate of antimicrobial treatment for a group of pigs is provided. The method includes the step of administering a certain dosage of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, and the rate of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 0.5% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs can be administered the dietary formulations described herein according to the method.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the dosage of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the rate of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 1% to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the rate of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 1.5% to about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for reducing the mortality rate of a group of pigs is provided. This method includes the step of administering a certain dosage of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, and the mortality rate is reduced by about 0.9% to about 3.15% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs may be administered the dietary formulation described herein according to this method.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the dosage of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

[0019] In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 1.5% to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 1.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate is reduced by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

[0020] In an exemplary aspect, a method of reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of a group of pigs is provided. The method includes administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, and the FCR is reduced by about 1% to about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs can be administered the dietary formulations described herein according to the method.

[0021] In certain embodiments, the dosage of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition.

[0022] In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 2% to about 4% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 1% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 2% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 3% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 4% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the FCR decreased by about 5% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

[0023] In an exemplary aspect, a method of reducing the drug cost of a group of pigs is provided. The method includes the step of administering a certain dosage of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, and the mortality rate decreases by about 1% to about 10% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs may be administered the dietary formulation described herein according to the method.

[0024] In certain embodiments, the dosage of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition.

[0025] In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 2% to about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 3% to about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 7% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 9% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. In certain embodiments, the mortality rate decreases by about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

[0026] In an exemplary aspect, a method of maintaining at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs is provided. The method includes administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the level of at least one performance parameter for the group of pigs is not statistically different compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs may be administered the dietary formulations described herein according to the method.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the dosage of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 250 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 275 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 325 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 350 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 375 g per ton of feed composition. In certain embodiments, the amount is about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

[0028] In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes at least one of average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass data, or loin meat quality. In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes average daily weight gain (ADWG). In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes average daily feed intake (ADFI). In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes feed conversion ratio (FCR). In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes loin meat quality. In certain embodiments, at least one performance parameter includes carcass data. In certain embodiments, carcass data includes one or more of hot carcass weight, lean meat, back fat thickness, or muscle depth.

[0029] The following numbered embodiments are contemplated, but are non-limiting: 1. A diet formulation comprising: i) a feed composition and ii) an amount of β-mannanase, the amount being selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 2. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, which is a diet formulation for pigs. 3. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 4. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 5. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 6. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. 7. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. 8. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. 9. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. 10. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. 11. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 12. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 13. A dietary formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 14. A dietary formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 15. A dietary formulation according to clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains a low net energy amount. 16. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 50 kcal to about 100 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 17. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 60 kcal to about 90 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 18. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 70 kcal to about 80 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 19. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 50 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 20. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 55 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 21. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 60 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 22. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 65 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 23. A dietary formulation according to clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 70 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 24. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 75 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 25. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 80 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 26. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 85 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 27. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 90 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 28. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 95 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 29. The diet formulation according to clause 15, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 100 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed. 30. The diet formulation according to clause 1, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains palm kernel expeller (PKE). 31. The diet formulation according to clause 30, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 5 - 15% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 32. The diet formulation according to clause 30, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 5% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 33. The diet formulation according to clause 30, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 6% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 34. The diet formulation according to clause 30, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the feed composition contains about 7% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 35. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 8% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 36. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 9% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 37. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 10% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 38. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 11% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 39. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 12% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 40. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 13% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 41. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 14% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 42. A diet formulation as described in clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 15% palm kernel expeller (PKE). 43. A diet formulation as described in clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter of a group of pigs is maintained at a level that is not statistically different from the level of at least one performance parameter of a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase by supplying the diet formulation for pigs to the group of pigs. 44. A diet formulation as described in clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter comprises at least one of average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), slaughter data, or carcass quality. 45. A dietary formulation according to clause 44, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the slaughter data includes one or more of warm carcass weight, lean meat, back fat thickness, or muscle depth. 46. A method for reducing the proportion of antimicrobial treatment for a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the proportion of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 0.5% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 47. The method according to clause 46, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. 48. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. 49. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. 50. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. 51. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. 52. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. 53. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g per ton of feed composition. 54. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g per ton of feed composition. 55. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition. 56. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 57. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 58. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 59. The method according to clause 47, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 60. The method according to clause 46, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the proportion of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 1% to about 2.5% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 61. The method according to clause 46, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the proportion of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 1.5% to about 2% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 62. A method for reducing the mortality rate of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a certain dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, and the mortality rate is reduced by about 0.9% to about 3.15% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 63. The method according to clause 62, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 64. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 65. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 66. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 67. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. 68. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. 69. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. 70. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. 71. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. 72. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 73. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 74. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 75. The method according to clause 63, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 76. The method according to clause 62, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% to about 3% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 77. The method according to clause 62, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 1.5% to about 2.5% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 78. The method according to clause 62, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 9. A method according to clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 1.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 10. A method according to clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 11. A method according to clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 12. A method according to clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 13. A method for reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a certain dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the FCR is reduced by about 1% to about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 14. A method according to clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. 15. A method according to clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. 16. A method according to clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. 17. A method according to clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. 18. A method according to clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. 19. A method according to clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. 90. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. 91. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. 92. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. 93. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 94. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 95. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 96. The method according to clause 84, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 97. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the FCR is reduced by about 2% to about 4% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 98. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the FCR is reduced by about 1% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 99. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the FCR is reduced by about 2% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 100. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the FCR is reduced by about 3% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 101. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the FCR is reduced by about 4% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 102. The method according to clause 83, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the FCR is reduced by about 5% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 103. A method for reducing the drug cost of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a certain dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% to about 10% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 104. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. 105. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. 106. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. 107. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. 108. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g per ton of feed composition. 109. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g per ton of feed composition. 110. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g per ton of feed composition. 111. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g per ton of feed composition. 112. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition. 113. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 114. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 115. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 116. The method according to clause 104, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 117. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 2% to about 8% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 118. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 3% to about 6% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 119. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 120. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 2% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 121. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 3% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 122. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 4% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 123. The method according to clause 103, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the mortality rate is reduced by about 5% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 124. The method according to claim 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 6% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 125. The method according to claim 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 7% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 126. The method according to claim 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 8% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 127. The method according to claim 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 9% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 128. The method according to claim 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 10% compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 129. A method for maintaining at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a certain dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the level of at least one performance parameter for the group of pigs is not statistically different compared to the group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase. 130. The method according to claim 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition. 131. The method according to claim 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of feed composition. 132. The method according to claim 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of feed composition. 133. The method according to claim 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of feed composition. 134. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition. 135. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition. 136. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition. 137. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition. 138. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition. 139. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition. 140. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition. 141. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition. 142. The method according to clause 130, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition. 143. The method according to clause 129, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where at least one performance parameter includes at least one of average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), slaughter data, or carcass quality. 144. The method according to clause 129, any other appropriate clause, or any combination of appropriate clauses, where at least one performance parameter includes average daily weight gain (ADWG). A method according to clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter includes average daily feed intake (ADFI). A method according to clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter includes feed conversion ratio (FCR). A method according to clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter includes carcass quality. A method according to clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein at least one performance parameter includes slaughter data. A method according to clause 148, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the slaughter data includes one or more of hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth.

Examples

[0030] (Example 1) Supply of a formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme to piglets and finishing pigs In this example, performance parameters and health parameters were evaluated in animals. The control group was given a standard control diet. The treatment group was given a formulation containing 300 g / T of β-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) and a reformulated diet with a reduced amount of net energy (NE).

[0031] This example included three piglet feed trials and three finishing feed trials, and the analysis of performance data, such as average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), % treated animals, and mortality, using a statistical program (JMP 15.0, JMP Statistical Discovery, Cary, North Carolina). The performance data of the control group animals were statistically compared with the performance data of the animals fed a formulation containing 300 g / T of β-mannanase enzyme as provided in Table 1 below.

[0032]

Table 1

[0033] As shown by Table 1, the performance parameters did not differ significantly between treatment groups in both the piglet feed trial and the finishing feed trial. Nevertheless, in the β-mannanase treatment group, there was an apparent trend of better health parameters, including a reduction in the proportion of animals treated with antimicrobials from about 0.5% (0.47%) to about 3% (2.96%) (5.31% treated animals vs. 8.27% treated animals in piglets; 6.67% treated animals vs. 7.14% treated animals in finishing pigs), and a reduction in mortality from about 0.9% to about 3.15% (mortality 0.15% vs. mortality 1.05% in piglets; mortality 1.26% vs. mortality 4.41% in finishing pigs).

[0034] This example demonstrated that a formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) was able to degrade β-mannan in a pig diet having a reduced NE amount (approximately 63 kcal NE / kg feed). The performance parameters (ADWG, ADFI, and FCR) of the animals in the β-mannanase treatment group did not differ statistically from those of the animals in the control group. Furthermore, the β-mannanase treatment group showed improved health parameters, including a numerically lower proportion of animals treated with antimicrobials and a lower mortality than the control group.

[0035] (Example 2) The supply of the formulation containing β-mannanase improves feed efficiency This example evaluated the effect of the supply of β-mannanase-containing formulations on feed efficiency in grower / finisher pig diets containing large amounts (5 - 15%) of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In this example, a 3 × 2 factorial design with three treatments (control, PKE, PKE + mannanase (PKE+)) applied to two genders (barrow, gilt) with two subsequent batches was applied. The groups were divided across 80 pens with 13 - 14 replicates per group.

[0036] The pigs were fed palletized starter diet (0 - 28 days), grower diet (28 - 63 days), and finisher diet (63 - 99 days). Body weight (BW) was recorded on days 0, 28, 63, and 99. Feed was provided ad libitum and recorded in the pens. For each phase, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data analysis was performed with R statistics.

[0037] The composition of the test diets is provided in Table 2

[0038]

Table 2

[0039] The expected nutrient content of the test diets is provided in Table 3

[0040]

Table 3

[0041] The effects of the treatments for the control, PKE, and PKE+ groups (represented as estimated marginal means + standard error of the pooled mean) are provided in Table 4

[0042]

Table 4

[0043] Table 4 (Table 4) presents data on the body weights of pigs. The pigs arrived at the finishing facility with an average body weight of 21.2 kg (±0.9). There were no significant differences in the starting weights (day 0) between treatment groups or between genders (P>0.05). On day 28, the PKE+ pigs were slightly heavier at 39.7 kg (±1.4 kg) compared to PKE (37.9 kg) and control (39.1 kg), but not significantly heavier (P>0.05). On day 63, the PKE+ pigs were similarly slightly heavier at 73.8 kg (±1.7) compared to PKE (72.2 kg) and control (72.7 kg), but not significantly heavier (P>0.05). At the end of the finishing stage on day 99, the body weight of the PKE+ pigs averaged 109.9 kg and trended heavier than those of PKE (108.4 kg) and control (106.8 kg) pigs (P = 0.07). Throughout the study, no significant interaction was observed between treatment and gender (P>0.05). However, a significant difference in body weight (P<0.001) was observed between barrows and gilts on day 99, and within each treatment group, barrows were 1.4 - 7.5 kg heavier than gilts. The largest difference (7.5 kg) was observed in the PKE group.

[0044] Furthermore, ADFI did not differ significantly between treatment groups at the starter phase (P>0.05). Nevertheless, a significant effect of gender (P = 0.002) and a significant interaction between treatment and gender (P = 0.02) could be observed during the starter phase. At the growing phase, the ADFI of PKE+(2281 g / d±25) and PKE(2240 g / d) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of the control (2155 g / d). Gilts had a significantly lower (P<0.001) ADFI than barrows at the growing phase, and the ADFI of both PKE+(2818 g / d±32) and PKE(2777 g / d) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of the control (2633 g / d). Also, a significant effect of gender (P<0.001) was observed. The overall ADFI of both the PKE+ group (2199 g / d±19) and the PKE group (2171 g / d) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of the control (2080 g / d). Overall, there was also a significant effect of gender on ADFI (P<0.001), and the ADFI ranged from 1974 to 2125 g / d for gilts and from 2192 to 2300 g / d for barrows. During the starter phase, pigs fed PKE+ had a significantly (P = 0.004) better FCR (2.07±0.03) compared to PKE(2.19). The FCR of the control pigs (2.13) was intermediate. During the growing phase, FCR did not differ significantly between treatments (2.36, 2.36, and 2.42 for the control, PKE, and PKE+ groups, respectively). However, at the growing phase, gilts had a significantly better FCR (range: 2.27 - 2.37) than barrows (range: 2.42 - 2.47). During the finishing phase, both pigs of PKE+(2.84±0.02) and PKE(2.80) had a significantly higher (P<0.001) FCR than the control pigs (2.72). A significant effect of gender on FCR (P<0.001) was also observed, and gilts had a lower (2.60 - 2.76) FCR compared to barrows (2.83 - 2.92). Overall, no significant difference in FCR was observed between treatment groups (P>0.05).Nevertheless, a significant overall effect of gender on FCR (P<0.001) was observed, and gilts were more efficient (2.43 - 2.47) than barrows (2.57 - 2.59).

[0045] In summary, the results of this example showed a significant improvement in FCR (P = 0.004) in the first 4 weeks for the PKE+ group (2.07) compared to the control group (2.13), which brought about an improvement of approximately 3% (2.82%). During the growing / finishing phase, ADG and ADFI were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the PKE group and the PKE+ group compared to the control group. Overall, both the PKE group and the PKE+ group demonstrated significantly better performance than the control group, and the PKE group and the PKE+ group performed similarly. Regardless of the presence or absence of β-mannanase, supplying 10 - 15% PKE increased ADG and ADFI (possibly because the energy content of PKE was overestimated), and a similar FCR was obtained. Therefore, formulations containing β-mannanase enzyme can improve FCR in high-PKE diets for pigs.

[0046] (Example 3) Supply of a formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme to finishing pigs This example evaluated the performance data regarding finishing pigs and the effect of supplying a β-mannanase-containing formulation on carcass quality. In this example, a 18-week feeding trial was conducted in a commercial finishing unit using Duroc×Belgian Pietrain pigs starting at 10 weeks of age. A standard 3-phase control diet was compared with a similar isonutritive diet supplemented with 300 g / ton of β-mannanase (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) except for the following changes: · Phase 1 (weeks 1 - 4): 3% soybean meal (SBM) was replaced with PKM. · Phase 2 (weeks 5 - 9): 6% SBM was replaced with PKM. · Phase 3 (weeks 10 - 18): 9% SBM was replaced with PKM.

[0047] Standard production and health data were collected, including the number of fattening days, starting and slaughter weights, feed intake, mortality, and antibiotic use. Furthermore, feed conversion ratio and drug costs were calculated from the collected data. Additionally, pigs were slaughtered on separate days to ensure the collection of relevant carcass parameters at the slaughterhouse level (Table 5). The data were analyzed using the JMP 15.0 statistical program.

[0048] Table 5 provides the overall technical results and carcass data from the comparative trial between the control diet and diets containing 3 - 6 - 9% PKM with added β - mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT). Significant differences are shown in Table 5 as P < 0.05.

[0049]

Table 5

[0050] As shown above, the overall performance data did not differ significantly between the two test groups, but there was a related numerical difference in mortality (n = 27 in the control group vs. n = 5 in the β - mannanase enzyme group), and a slightly lower drug cost was seen in the β - mannanase enzyme group of approximately 7% (6.67%) (0.70 euros vs. 0.75 euros). The slaughter data (lean meat, meat depth, and loin depth) were significantly different (P < 0.05).

[0051] As demonstrated by this example, by including β - mannanase enzyme in the formulation, it was possible to degrade β - mannan in diets with increased inclusion of PKM (3 - 6 - 9%). Thus, the production performance and overall carcass quality maintenance of β - mannanase - treated pigs were obtained at levels not statistically different from those of the control group pigs. Furthermore, part of the difference in carcass quality parameters can be explained by the change in the male / female ratio between the treatment groups.

[0052] (Example 4) The supply of the formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme reduces the production cost per kilogram of the pork loin weight This example evaluated the effect of the supply of β-mannanase-containing formulation on the production cost of pigs. Specifically, a 18-week feeding trial was conducted in a commercial fattening unit using Duroc × Belgian Pietrain pigs starting from 10 weeks of age. This trial involved a two-stage feeding strategy. Stage 1 started with pigs weighing 20 - 40 kg, and stage 2 was carried out from a body weight of 40 - 135 kg. The control group was given a standard control diet. The treatment group was given a formulation containing 300 g / T of β-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) and a reformulated diet with a reduced net energy (NE) content.

[0053] Performance data including body weight (at day 0, day 28, and at slaughter), feed intake, mortality, antibiotic use, and slaughter data (e.g., warm loin weight, lean meat, back fat thickness, and muscle depth) were collected. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily weight gain (ADWG) were calculated from the collected data. The collected data were analyzed using the JMP 15.0 statistical program.

[0054] The results of stage 1 (20 - 40 kg) of the trial are provided in Table 6.

[0055]

Table 6

[0056] The results of stage 2 (40 - 135 kg) of the trial are provided in Table 7.

[0057]

Table 7

[0058] The results of the slaughter data and economic value are provided in Table 8.

[0059]

Table 8

[0060] The results of this example showed that the performance data did not differ significantly between the two test groups at stages 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). However, in the control group, the mortality rate during stage 1 was significantly higher compared to the β-mannanase-treated group (3.19% vs. 0.00%). The loin meat quality only differed significantly with respect to muscle depth (P < 0.05) (73.58 mm in the control group vs. 75.33 mm in the β-mannanase-treated group). The calculation of the feed cost per kg of loin meat (taking into account the cost of enzyme inclusion) resulted in a feed cost for the β-mannanase-treated group that was 0.02 euros lower compared to the control pigs.

[0061] Inclusion of a formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) in a reformulated diet with a low energy content (65 kcal NE / kg feed) resulted in the breakdown of β-mannan in the pig diet while maintaining production performance and overall loin meat quality that was not statistically different from the untreated control group. Furthermore, inclusion of a formulation containing β-mannanase enzyme resulted in an overall reduction in production cost of 0.02 euros per kg of loin meat, which is advantageous considering the current global trend in feed prices.

[0062] The description and illustration of one or more aspects provided in this application are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the claimed disclosure in any way. The aspects, examples, and details provided in this application are believed to convey ownership and be sufficient to enable others to make and use the best mode of the claimed disclosure. The claimed disclosure should not be construed as limited to any aspect or detail provided in this application, for example. Various features (both structural and methodological), whether shown and described in combination or separately, are intended to be selectively included or omitted to produce embodiments having a particular set of features. Given the description and illustration of this application, one of ordinary skill in the art will be able to envision variations, modifications, and alternative aspects within the spirit of the broader aspects of the general inventive concept embodied in this application that do not depart from the broader scope of the claimed disclosure.

Claims

1. A dietary formulation comprising i) a feed composition and ii) an amount of β-mannanase, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of the feed composition.

2. The dietary formulation according to claim 1, wherein the dietary formulation is a swine dietary formulation.

3. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 225 g to about 375 g per ton of the feed composition.

4. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 250 g to about 350 g per ton of the feed composition.

5. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is selected from the range of about 275 g to about 325 g per ton of the feed composition.

6. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 200 g per ton of the feed composition.

7. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 225 g per ton of the feed composition.

8. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 250 g per ton of the feed composition.

9. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 275 g per ton of the feed composition.

10. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition.

11. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 325 g per ton of the feed composition.

12. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 350 g per ton of the feed composition.

13. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 375 g per ton of the feed composition.

14. The dietary formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is about 400 g per ton of the feed composition.

15. The dietary formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the feed composition contains a low net energy amount.

16. The dietary formulation according to claim 15, wherein the feed composition contains about 50 kcal to about 100 kcal of net energy per kilogram of feed.

17. The dietary formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the feed composition contains palm kernel expeller (PKE).

18. The dietary formulation according to claim 17, wherein the feed composition comprises about 5-15% palm kernel expeller (PKE).

19. A method for reducing the proportion of antimicrobial treatment for a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the proportion of antimicrobial treatment is reduced by about 0.5% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition.

22. A method for reducing the mortality rate of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 0.9% to about 3.15% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition.

25. A method for reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the FCR is reduced by about 1% to about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition.

28. A method for reducing the drug cost of a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the mortality rate is reduced by about 1% to about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the dose of β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of feed composition.

31. A method for maintaining at least one performance parameter related to a group of pigs, comprising the step of administering a certain dose of β-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the level of the at least one performance parameter related to the group of pigs is not statistically different compared to a group of pigs not treated with β-mannanase.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the dose of the β-mannanase is an amount selected from the range of about 200 g to about 400 g per ton of feed composition.

33. The method according to claim 31, wherein the amount is about 300 g per ton of the feed composition.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes at least one of average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), slaughter data, or carcass quality.

35. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes average daily weight gain (ADWG).

36. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes average daily feed intake (ADFI).

37. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes feed conversion ratio (FCR).

38. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes carcass quality.

39. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes slaughter data.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the slaughter data includes one or more of hot carcass weight, lean meat, back fat thickness, or muscle depth.

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