Equipment and method for forced carbonation of fine fraction of recycled concrete

Abstract

Equipment (1) for the forced carbonation of the fine fraction of recycled concrete, the equipment (1) comprising a carbonation reactor (2) capable of bringing the fine fraction into contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas and intended to bring the fine fraction into contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas, a first water spraying device (11) capable of increasing the water content of the fine fraction, and an adjusting device (16) capable of controlling the temperature and relative humidity of the carbon dioxide-containing gas, the equipment including a computer control unit (6) capable of controlling the first spraying device (11) and the device (16) for adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas, the equipment (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the forced carbonation of fine fractions resulting from the process prior to separation from recycled concrete. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for confining carbon dioxide in recycled concrete.

Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The amount of carbon dioxide gas in the Earth's atmosphere affects climate change.

[0003] There are several techniques for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. One of these techniques is to confine carbon dioxide in recycled concrete, especially resulting from the demolition of old buildings or civil engineering works.

[0004] Recycled concrete contains hydrated cement paste. The hydrated cement paste can be used to some extent as a reservoir for carbon dioxide. In other words, by using the hydrated cement paste and bringing it into direct contact with carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide can be captured and the amount of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere can be reduced.

[0005] To properly fill these recycled concretes with carbon dioxide, these recycled concretes are exposed to carbon dioxide for several hours. This is not compatible with industrial speeds.

[0006] Recognizing the problem and to achieve industrial speeds, attempts have been made to reduce the time for exposing the fine fractions to carbon dioxide to up to several tens of minutes. Mixers intended for agitation have been used, but it has been found that the carbon dioxide capture rate in recycled concrete is insufficient, reducing the efficiency of the process and thus the profitability of these operations.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the current technology. The goal is to enable industrial speed, i.e., to be able to fill recycled concrete with carbon dioxide in at most a few tens of minutes. The aim is to lift the technical restrictions that prevent manufacturers from using recycled concrete as a carbon dioxide storage unit.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0008] For this purpose, equipment for the forced carbonation of the fine fraction of recycled concrete is provided first. The equipment includes a carbonation reactor that can contact the fine fraction with a carbon dioxide-containing gas and is intended to contact the fine fraction with the carbon dioxide-containing gas, a first water spraying device capable of increasing the water content of the fine fraction, an adjustment device capable of controlling the temperature and relative humidity of the carbon dioxide-containing gas, and the equipment includes a computer control unit capable of controlling the first spraying device and the device for adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas.

[0009] Various additional features can be provided alone or in combination. The first spraying device is arranged upstream of the carbonation reactor in the direction of movement of the fine fraction or inside the carbonation reactor near the inlet of the fine fraction. The equipment includes a first device for measuring the water content in the fine fraction. The first measuring device is arranged upstream of the carbonation reactor in the direction of movement of the fine fraction. The equipment includes a second device for measuring the relative humidity and / or temperature of the gas in the carbonation reactor. The equipment includes a circuit for injecting a carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor. The carbon dioxide-containing gas injection circuit is fluidly connected to a source of smoke resulting from combustion. The carbon dioxide-containing gas injection circuit is arranged in the following order along the direction of the flow of the carbon dioxide-containing gas. An outlet dryer intended to dry the carbonated fines at the outlet of the carbonation reactor, An air flow separation device capable of separating the carbon dioxide-containing gas on one hand and the carbonated and dried fines on the other hand, said separation device including a first outlet intended for the carbonated and dried fines to be discharged, the air flow separation device; A volume distribution system capable of managing the volume of the carbon dioxide-containing gas sent towards the carbonation reactor, A device for adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas capable of changing the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas, A device for injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor, are included.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention relates to a method for the forced carbonation of fines resulting from recycled concrete, which method can implement equipment as described above, and the method comprises: Adjusting the fines so that the fines have a predetermined moisture content substantially equal to a set value; Adjusting the gas so that the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is substantially equal to a set value; Supplying fines resulting from recycled concrete containing hydrated cement paste to a carbonation reactor, said fines having a particle size of 16 millimeters or less, and said fines having been pre-adjusted during the step of adjusting the fines; Injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor, said gas having been pre-adjusted during the gas adjustment step; Carbonating the fines in the carbonation reactor; are included.

[0011] Various additional features can be provided singly or in combination. The method includes a step of measuring the water content in the fine fraction, the measured value is compared with a set value, and in this method, the amount of water injected upstream of the carbonation reactor is adjusted so that the water content in the fine fraction is substantially equal to the set value. The method includes a step of measuring the relative humidity and / or temperature of the gas in the carbonation reactor, each of the measured values is compared with a set value, and in this method, the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is changed during the step of adjusting the gas so that each of the relative humidity and / or temperature in the carbonation reactor is substantially equal to the set value. The method includes a step of drying the fine fraction with the smoke generated from combustion at the outlet of the carbonation reactor, and the fine fraction is dried after being carbonated. The carbon dioxide injected into the carbonation reactor is generated from the smoke generated from combustion. The method includes an air flow separation step performed by an air flow separation device, during which the dried carbonated fine fraction is separated from the smoke. The method includes a step of volume distribution to send a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide towards the gas adjustment device. The temperature in the carbonation reactor is included between 30 °C and 80 °C, preferably 40 °C. The relative humidity of the gas in the carbonation reactor is included between 40% and 100%. The residence time of the fine fraction in the carbonation reactor is included between 20 minutes and 120 minutes. The pressure inside the carbonation reactor is substantially equal to atmospheric pressure. The fine fraction has a particle size of 6 millimeters or less.

[0012] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description, and reference is made to the accompanying drawings for the purpose of understanding.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013]

Figure 1

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] Figure 1 shows the forced carbonation equipment 1. The equipment 1 includes a carbonation reactor 2. The carbonation reactor 2 is intended to receive the fine fraction of recycled concrete. The carbonation reactor 2 can bring the fine fraction into contact with carbon dioxide.

[0015] "Recycled concrete" should be understood to mean concrete resulting from the demolition of buildings or civil engineering works, as well as waste resulting from concrete manufacturing units, such as, but not limited to, the washing residues of pans and the remnants of cubes.

[0016] The fine fraction corresponds to the part of the worn or crushed recycled concrete with a particle size of 16 millimeters or less. Advantageously, the fine fraction has a particle size of 6 millimeters or less.

[0017] The carbonation reactor 2 has an inlet 9 through which the fine fraction flows in and an outlet 10 through which the fine fraction is discharged.

[0018] The equipment 1 includes a first water spraying device 11 capable of spraying water on the fine fraction. In Figure 1, the first spraying device 11 is arranged upstream of the carbonation reactor 2 along the direction of movement of the fine fraction. According to a modification not shown, the first spraying device 11 is arranged inside the carbonation reactor 2 in the vicinity of the inlet 9.

[0019] The first spraying device 11 is fluidly connected to a water tank 3.

[0020] The first spraying device 11 makes it possible to directly spray water on the fine fraction so as to increase its moisture content.

[0021] By acting on the moisture content of the fines at the inlet 9 of the carbonation reactor 2, the fines are set under the best conditions for being filled with carbon dioxide during their residence in the carbonation reactor 2. By adjusting the fines to obtain an optimal moisture content in the fines, the chemical reactivity between the carbon dioxide and the fines in the carbonation reactor 2 is improved. Thus, it becomes possible to obtain carbonation of the fines at an industrial rate.

[0022] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes a first device 7 for measuring the moisture content of the fines. The measuring device 7 is arranged upstream of the carbonation reactor 2. The measuring device 7 is arranged upstream of the spraying device 11, as shown in FIG. 1. In a variant not shown in FIG. 1, the measuring device 7 may be arranged downstream of the spraying device 11. The measuring device 7 consists of a sensor capable of communicating the data obtained to the unit 6 in real time.

[0023] The fines initially have a moisture content below a determined set value. "Initially" should be understood as being before the first spraying device 11 in the direction of movement of the fines.

[0024] The carbonation reactor 2 is in the shape of a rotating drum 4. The rotating drum 4 is rotationally driven by at least one motor not shown in the figure.

[0025] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes a computer control unit 6. By means of the unit 6, it becomes possible to control the installation 1.

[0026] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes a second device 8 for measuring the relative humidity and temperature of the gas in the carbonation reactor 2. The second device 8 consists of a sensor capable of measuring the relative humidity and temperature of the gas in the carbonation reactor 2 and communicating the data obtained to the unit 6 in real time.

[0027] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes an outlet dryer 13. The outlet dryer 13 is capable of drying the carbonated fines. By drying the carbonated fines, it becomes possible to put the fines in a state suitable for transportation and storage.

[0028] The outlet dryer 13 is arranged at the outlet 10 of the carbonation reactor 2. The outlet dryer 13 thus arranged can dry the carbonated fines as soon as they exit the carbonation reactor 2.

[0029] Advantageously, the outlet dryer 13 is fluidly connected to a source 14 of smoke generated from combustion. For example, this combustion is generated by the burner of a cement kiln. Thus, the smoke generated from the kiln filled with carbon dioxide is cooled and at the same time humidified in the outlet dryer 13. This is advantageous because these smokes contain carbon dioxide and will come into contact with the fines in the carbonation reactor 2 as described later. In fact, the applicant has determined after testing that the carbonation reaction is more effective when the carbon dioxide is at a lower temperature.

[0030] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes a circuit 60 for injecting a carbon dioxide-containing gas. This circuit 60 is arranged in the following order according to the flow direction of the smoke: the outlet dryer 13, the air flow separation device 17, the volume distribution system 20, the device 16 for adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas, the device 15 for injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas, and includes.

[0031] The elements 13, 17, 20, 16, 15 are continuously fluidly connected to each other.

[0032] The circuit 60 is fluidly connected to the smoke source 14. Thus, the smoke is conveyed towards the carbonation reactor 2 and injected into the carbonation reactor 2.

[0033] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes an air flow separation device 17 arranged downstream of the outlet dryer 13 for drying the fine particles, in accordance with the flow direction of the smoke and fine particle fraction represented by the arrow 24. From the outlet dryer 13, the smoke conveys the fine particles towards the air flow separation device 17. The air flow separation device 17 makes it possible to separate the fine particles from the smoke. At the first outlet 18 of the air flow separation device 17, the carbonated fine particles are discharged, while at the second outlet 19 of the air flow separation device 17, the smoke is sent in the direction of the adjustment device 16. Advantageously, the air flow separation device 17 is of the cyclone type and can further include a dynamic separator.

[0034] Advantageously, the installation 1 includes a volume distribution system 20. The volume distribution system 20 is arranged between the air flow separation device 17 and the adjustment device 16. The volume distribution system 20 makes it possible to manage the volume of the smoke sent towards the device 15 for injecting gas into the carbonation reactor 2 in order to send only the necessary amount of smoke in the carbonation reactor 2. Thus, only the smoke that will be conveyed to the carbonation reactor 2 is adjusted. The remaining smoke is discharged towards the exhaust port.

[0035] The adjustment device 16 makes it possible to adjust the moisture content and the temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas. In fact, the relative humidity and the temperature are major factors in the carbonation reaction, and these are optimally managed using the adjustment device 16.

[0036] By optimizing the temperature and relative humidity of the gas in the chamber of the carbonation reactor 2, the carbonation reaction is accelerated, which makes it possible to reduce the residence time of the fine particles in the carbonation reactor 2.

[0037] The increase in the relative humidity of the gas is carried out directly by adding water or water vapor. The decrease in the relative humidity of the gas is obtained by the condensation of water vapor. Therefore, the regulating device 16 is fluidly connected to the water tank 3, especially in such a way that the device 16 draws water from the water tank 3. Advantageously, the regulating device 16 is capable of cooling and heating the carbon dioxide-containing gas to obtain an optimal temperature. Therefore, the regulating device 16 is capable of changing the temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas.

[0038] The regulating device 16 is arranged between the volume distribution system 20 and the gas injection device 15. By arranging the regulating device 16 in this way, it becomes possible to manage the relative humidity and temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas before the gas is injected into the carbonation reactor 2.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the carbonation reactor 2 has a length substantially equal to 15 meters and a diameter of 1.6 meters. The carbonation reactor 2 is arranged to form an angle substantially equal to twice the horizontal. The rotational speed is substantially equal to 1.5 revolutions per minute.

[0040] Next, the forced carbonation process for implementing the equipment will be described.

[0041] The fine fraction arrives at the equipment 1 via the inlet 22.

[0042] The method includes the step of adjusting the fine fraction. The fine fraction includes a particle size of 16 millimeters or less. The fine fraction results from the grinding or abrasion of recycled concrete. The fine fraction of recycled concrete, i.e., that with a particle size smaller than 16 millimeters, is used for carbonation because its properties contribute to carbon dioxide sequestration. Advantageously, the particle size of the fine fraction is 6 millimeters or less, and its properties are then optimal for carbon dioxide sequestration. The fine fraction includes hydrated cement paste. This hydrated cement paste has carbon dioxide capture properties. This step of adjusting the fine fraction consists in managing the moisture content of the fine fraction upstream of the carbonation reactor 2. The management of the moisture content is carried out via the operation of water injection into the fine fraction. The operation of injecting water upstream of the carbonation reactor 2 is carried out by a first spraying device 11 capable of spraying water onto the fine fraction. By this adjustment of the fine fraction, it becomes possible to improve its carbon dioxide capture properties.

[0043] Advantageously, the method includes the step of adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas. During this adjustment step, the carbon dioxide-containing gas is adjusted by regulating its temperature and its relative humidity in order to obtain an optimal temperature and relative humidity inside the carbonation reactor 2. This step is carried out by an adjustment device 16. The relative humidity corresponds to the ratio of the partial pressure of the vapor to the saturated vapor pressure inside the carbonation reactor 2. Thus, the goal is to maintain an optimal temperature and relative humidity inside the carbonation reactor 2 in order to increase the carbon dioxide capture rate by the fine fraction.

[0044] The method includes the step of feeding the fine fraction adjusted during the step of adjusting the fine fraction to the carbonation reactor 2.

[0045] Advantageously, the method includes the step of injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor 2. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the smoke resulting from the combustion in the kiln and containing carbon dioxide is injected into the carbonation reactor 2.

[0046] Advantageously, the method includes the step of carbonating the fines in a carbonation reactor. This step is carried out by bringing the fines into direct contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas in the carbonation reactor 2.

[0047] Advantageously, the method includes the step of measuring the water content in the fines. This step is carried out by a first device 7 for measuring the water content in the fines. The measured value obtained is sent towards a control unit 6. The control unit 6 compares the measured value with a predetermined setpoint. In some scenarios, namely, when the measured water content is lower than the setpoint, the control unit 6 then controls the first spraying device 11 to spray water onto the fines, when the measured water content is equal to the setpoint, it is conceivable at this time that the control unit 6 controls the first injection device so as not to spray water onto the fines. This is considered at this time.

[0048] Advantageously, the method includes the step of measuring the relative humidity and temperature inside the carbonation reactor 2 by a second measuring device 8. The measured values obtained are sent towards the control unit 6. The control unit 6 compares the measured values with setpoints. The control unit 6 then controls an adjusting device 16 to adjust the carbon dioxide-containing gas so that the relative humidity and the temperature thereof are substantially equal to the said setpoints.

[0049] Advantageously, the relative humidity inside the carbonation reactor 2 is included between 40% and 100%. Accordingly, the setpoint of the relative humidity is included in this range. The applicant has judged that with a relative humidity included in this range, it becomes possible to obtain a carbonation reaction rate fast enough to obtain an industrial rate.

[0050] Advantageously, the temperature inside the carbonation reactor 2 is included between 30°C and 80°C. Accordingly, the setpoint of the temperature is included in this range. The applicant has judged that with a temperature included in this range, it becomes possible to obtain a carbonation reaction rate fast enough to obtain an industrial rate.

[0051] When the fines finish their residence in the carbonation reactor 2 and are consequently carbonated, the fines are dried by the outlet dryer 13. As described above, the hot gas used in the outlet dryer 13 and passing through the outlet dryer 13 results from, for example, the combustion of a cement kiln.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, the fines are conveyed by the smoke coming from the outlet dryer 13 to the gas stream separator 17. The carbonated and dried fines are discharged through the first outlet 18. The smoke is discharged through the second outlet 19.

[0053] The method includes a step of volume distribution of the smoke. At the outlet of the gas stream separator 17, the smoke is sent towards the volume distribution system 20. During this step, the volume distribution device sends a given amount of smoke towards the regulating device 16. The remaining smoke is discharged through the exhaust port 25. In fact, it is advantageous to adjust only the amount of smoke necessary to maximize the efficiency of the entire installation.

[0054] At the outlet of the volume distribution system 20, the smoke is sent towards the regulating device 16 in order to adjust its relative humidity and its temperature. In fact, as long as the smoke is used as a carbon dioxide-containing gas in the carbonation reactor 2, it is advantageous to condition the smoke to obtain the preferred optimal conditions for the carbonation reaction in the carbonation reactor 2.

[0055] The combustion smoke, which has been pre-conditioned and then decarbonated, i.e., at least partially its carbon dioxide has been removed and sent into the carbonation reactor 2, is then discharged through an exhaust outlet not shown in FIG. 1. In one variant, the decarbonated smoke may be sent towards another element of the installation.

[0056] Advantageously, the residence time of the fines in the carbonation reactor 2 is included between 20 minutes and 120 minutes. This period is acceptable in the context of industrial rate manufacturing and, in the context of the present invention, enables a sufficient carbon dioxide filling level of the fines in terms of quantity.

[0057] Advantageously, the pressure in the carbonation reactor 2 is substantially equal to atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the facility 1 is less dangerous, less complex, and less costly than a pressurized facility.

[0058] Advantageously, the smoke contains at least 5% carbon dioxide by weight or volume. Such smoke enables an effective carbon dioxide filling level in terms of quantity and speed.

Explanation of Signs

[0059] 1 Forced carbonation facility 2 Carbonation reactor 3 Water tank 4 Rotary drum 6 Computer control unit 7 First measuring device 8 Second measuring device 9 Inlet 10 Outlet 11 First water spraying device 13 Outlet dryer 14 Smoke source 15 Gas injection device 16 Adjusting device 17 Airflow separation device 18 First outlet 19 Second outlet 20 Volume distribution system 22 Inlet 25 Exhaust port 60 Carbon dioxide-containing gas injection circuit

Claims

1. Equipment (1) for the forced carbonation of the fine fraction of recycled concrete, said equipment comprising a carbonation reactor (2) capable of bringing said fine fraction into contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas and intended to bring said fine fraction into contact with said carbon dioxide-containing gas, a first water spraying device (11) capable of increasing the moisture content of said fine fraction, an adjustment device (16) capable of controlling the temperature and relative humidity of said carbon dioxide-containing gas, wherein said equipment includes a computer control unit (6) capable of controlling said first water spraying device (11) and said adjustment device (16) for adjusting said carbon dioxide-containing gas, equipment (1).

2. The equipment (1) according to claim 1, wherein said first water spraying device (11) is arranged upstream of said carbonation reactor (2) along the direction of movement of said fine fraction or inside said carbonation reactor (2) in the vicinity of the inlet of said fine fraction.

3. The equipment (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said equipment (1) includes a first device (7) for measuring the moisture content in said fine fraction, and said first measuring device (7) is arranged upstream of said carbonation reactor (2) along the direction of movement of said fine fraction.

4. The equipment (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said equipment (1) includes a second device (8) for measuring the relative humidity and / or temperature of said carbon dioxide-containing gas inside said carbonation reactor (2).

5. The equipment (1) according to claim 4, wherein said equipment (1) includes a circuit (60) for injecting a carbon dioxide-containing gas into said carbonation reactor (2), and said carbon dioxide-containing gas injection circuit (60) is fluidly connected to a source (14) of smoke resulting from combustion.

6. Said carbon dioxide-containing gas injection circuit (60) is arranged in the following order along the direction of flow of said carbon dioxide-containing gas: an outlet dryer (13) intended to dry the carbonated fine fraction at the outlet of said carbonation reactor (2), an air flow separation device (17) capable of separating, on the one hand, said carbon dioxide-containing gas from, on the other hand, said carbonated and dried fine fraction, said air flow separation device (17) including a first outlet (18) intended for the discharge of said carbonated and dried fine fraction. A volume distribution system (20) capable of managing the volume of the carbon dioxide-containing gas sent towards the carbonation reactor (2); An apparatus (16) for adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas, capable of changing the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas; An apparatus (15) for injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor (2); The facility (1) according to claim 5, comprising the above.

7. A method for the forced carbonation of fine particles resulting from recycled concrete, the method being capable of implementing the facility (1) according to claim 1 or 2, Adjusting the fine particles such that the fine particles have a predetermined moisture content substantially equal to a set value; Adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas such that the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is substantially equal to a set value; Supplying the fine particles resulting from recycled concrete containing hydrated cement paste to the carbonation reactor (2), the fine particles having a particle size of 16 millimeters or less, and the fine particles being pre-adjusted during the step of adjusting the fine particles; Injecting the carbon dioxide-containing gas into the carbonation reactor (2), the carbon dioxide-containing gas being pre-adjusted during the gas adjustment step; Carbonating the fine particles in the carbonation reactor (2); The method comprising the above.

8. The method implements the facility according to claim 3, the method includes a step of measuring the moisture content in the fine particles, the measured value is compared with a set value, and in the method, the amount of water injected upstream of the carbonation reactor is adjusted such that the moisture content in the fine particles is substantially equal to the set value. The method according to claim 7.

9. The method implements the facility according to claim 4, the method includes a step of measuring the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas in the carbonation reactor, each of the measured values is compared with a set value, and in the method, the relative humidity and / or temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is changed during the step of adjusting the carbon dioxide-containing gas such that each of the relative humidity and / or temperature in the carbonation reactor is substantially equal to the set value. The method according to claim 7 or 8.

10. The method implements the equipment according to claim 6, and the method includes the step of drying the fines by the smoke generated from combustion at the outlet of the carbonation reactor, and the fines are dried after being carbonated, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

11. The method implements the equipment according to claim 5 or 6, and in the method, the carbon dioxide injected into the carbonation reactor is generated from the smoke generated from combustion, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. Including an air flow separation step performed by the air flow separation device (17), and during the air flow separation step, the dried carbonated fines are separated from the smoke, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

13. The method implements the equipment according to claim 6, and the method includes a volume distribution step of sending a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide towards the gas adjustment device (16), the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

14. The temperature in the carbonation reactor (2) is included between 30°C and 80°C, preferably 40°C, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 13.

15. The relative humidity of the carbon dioxide-containing gas in the carbonation reactor is included between 40% and 100%, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 14.

16. The residence time of the fines in the carbonation reactor is included between 20 minutes and 120 minutes, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 15.

17. The pressure inside the carbonation reactor is substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 16.

18. The fines have a particle size of 6 millimeters or less, the method according to any one of claims 7 to 17.

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