Treatment device for waste gas in the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery

Abstract

A waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery. The waste gas treatment device includes a first waste gas inlet, an air inlet, an explosion-proof combustion chamber, a combustor, and a combustion product outlet. The combustor includes an ignition head and a combustion head. The first waste gas inlet, the air inlet, and the combustion product outlet are provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, and the combustor is provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, which is a waste gas combustion device. An exhaust port, a second waste gas inlet, a filtration layer, an adsorption layer, and a spraying device are provided. The spraying device includes a nozzle, a liquid delivery duct, a water pump, a sedimentation tank, a waste liquid outlet, and a flow guiding device. The sedimentation tank is sequentially connected to the water pump and the nozzle by the liquid delivery duct, and a cleaning tower is provided. Among them, the exhaust port, the adsorption layer, the spraying device, the filtration layer, the flow guiding device, and the waste liquid outlet are sequentially provided from top to bottom in the cleaning tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with an application date of June 9, 2023 and an application number of 2023106794460, and all the contents of the application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates to the field of treatment of waste gas in the thermal runaway of lithium batteries, for example, to a waste gas treatment device in the process of thermal runaway of lithium batteries.

Background Art

[0003] Energy shortage and environmental pollution have become the main issues attracting attention in the current human society. Clean energies such as solar energy and wind energy have advantages such as rich resources and environmental friendliness, but the intermittency and variability of energy also restrict their own development. Therefore, in order to meet the needs in aspects such as energy storage, accumulation, and peak shaving, the energy storage industry has developed rapidly. Lithium-ion batteries are widely applied in electrochemical energy storage systems due to advantages such as high specific energy, long cycle life, and no memory effect.

[0004] However, under conditions such as mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, and thermal abuse of lithium batteries, thermal runaway may occur, and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances including metal particles, electrolyte vapor, combustible gas, and toxic gas may be generated, which may damage the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, the development of performance test research on lithium batteries has important significance for the prevention and control of their thermal runaway.

[0005] Research and test institutions in related technologies lack purification treatment work for the waste gas generated by the thermal runaway of lithium batteries, and the treatment process is complex and inefficient.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an apparatus for treating waste gas during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery, which can solve problems such as complex processes and low purification efficiency in related technologies.

[0007] One embodiment of this application is equipped with a first waste gas inlet, an air inlet, an explosion-proof combustion chamber, a combustor, and a combustion product outlet. The combustor is equipped with an ignition head and a combustion head. The first waste gas inlet, the air inlet, and the combustion product outlet are provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, and the combustor is provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, a waste gas combustion device; An exhaust port, a second waste gas inlet, a filtration layer, an adsorption layer, and a spraying device are provided. The spraying device is equipped with a nozzle, a liquid delivery duct, a water pump, a sedimentation tank, a waste liquid outlet, and a diversion device. The sedimentation tank is sequentially connected to the water pump and the nozzle by the liquid delivery duct, a scrubbing tower; Among them, the exhaust port, the adsorption layer, the spraying device, the filtration layer, the diversion device, and the waste liquid outlet are provided in the scrubbing tower in sequence from top to bottom, providing an apparatus for treating waste gas during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

Figure 1

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] As shown in FIG. 1, the waste gas treatment device in the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery according to the embodiment of the present application includes a waste gas combustion device and a scrubber 2. The waste gas combustion device includes a first waste gas inlet 20, an air inlet 26, an explosion-proof combustion chamber 18, a combustor 24, and a combustion product outlet 17. The explosion-proof combustion chamber 18 is provided with a first waste gas inlet 20, an air inlet 26, and a combustion product outlet 17. The scrubber 2 is connected to the explosion-proof combustion chamber 18 by a flue duct 16. Inside the explosion-proof combustion chamber 18, a combustor 24 for premixing combustible waste gas and air is provided. An ignition head 19 and a combustion head 23 are provided above the combustor 24. The combustion product outlet 17, the second waste gas inlet 13, the second dust collector 15, and the blower 14 are sequentially connected by the flue duct 16. Inside the scrubber 2, from top to bottom, there are an exhaust port 1, an adsorption layer 3, a spray device 5, a filtration layer 4, a flow guiding device 8, and a waste liquid outlet 9. The spray device 5 is provided in two rows, and a plurality of nozzles 6 are arranged in parallel in each row. The sedimentation tank 11 is sequentially connected to the water pump 12 and the nozzle 6 by a liquid delivery duct 7.

[0010] The nozzle 6 is connected to the sedimentation tank 11 by the liquid delivery device 7. The water pump 12 is configured to transport the washing liquid to the nozzle 6. The flow guiding device 8 at the bottom of the scrubber 2 is configured to allow the washing liquid after treating the waste gas to enter the sedimentation tank 11.

[0011] A first dust collector 21 and a first air pump 22 are provided on one side of the first waste gas inlet 20. The air inlet 26 is connected to the combustor 24, and a second air pump 25 is provided on one side. The combustor 24 is configured to sufficiently premix combustible waste gas and air, and the products after combustion enter the scrubber 2 through the flue duct 16.

[0012] As for the operating principle of the waste gas treatment device of the present application, during use, the waste gas generated in the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery is injected into the combustor 24 by the first air pump 22, and air is injected into the combustor 24 by the second air pump 25. At this time, the waste gas and air are sufficiently premixed in the combustor 24, and after being ignited by the ignition head 19, the combustible components in the waste gas burn sufficiently. The combustion products and the incombustible components in the waste gas enter the scrubber 2 through the exhaust duct 16 under the action of the blower 14, come into sufficient contact with the washing liquid flowing from top to bottom, and greatly improve the treatment effect of the waste gas by the washing liquid. At the same time, the filter layer 4 and the adsorption layer 3 can further treat the waste gas, effectively ensuring the treatment effect of the waste gas.

[0013] In one embodiment, the filter layer 4 is activated carbon particles, and the adsorption layer 3 is a polymer adsorbent.

[0014] In this embodiment, on the side of the first waste gas inlet 20 close to the first air pump 22, a first dust remover 21 capable of removing solid particles contained in the waste gas of the lithium battery is provided.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the exhaust duct 16, a second dust remover 15 capable of removing dust particles generated due to insufficient combustion in the exhaust gas is provided.

[0016] In this embodiment, during the waste gas treatment process, the waste liquid generated due to the waste gas treatment is discharged from the waste liquid outlet 9 to the sedimentation tank 11 by the diversion device 8, and the filtration device 10 in the sedimentation tank 11 adopts a chemical treatment method to treat the waste liquid, so that the washing liquid after the waste gas treatment can be recycled.

[0017] In this application, by sufficiently premixing waste gas and air in the combustor 24, the combustible components in the waste gas are sufficiently burned, effectively improving the combustion efficiency. At the same time, a first dust remover 21 capable of effectively removing solid particles contained in the waste gas is provided at the first waste gas inlet 20. By providing a second dust remover 15 in the flue duct 16, the soot in the combustion products can be removed. By flowing the washing liquid countercurrently to the combustion products, the treatment effect of the waste gas by the washing liquid can be greatly improved. At the same time, the waste liquid can be introduced into the sedimentation tank by the deflector 8 with a slope structure, reducing energy consumption. The filtration device 10 transports the waste liquid after washing to the nozzle 6 by the water pump 12 for recycling, reducing resource consumption.

[0018] If the waste gas passes through the combustion device first, the combustible component with the highest content in the waste gas can be removed. After sufficient combustion, the soot such as carbon particles contained in the combustion products can be removed by the first dust remover 21 and the second dust remover 15. The waste gas such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide generated by combustion with the washing liquid can be further removed, and other impurities contained in the waste gas can be removed by the filter layer 4 and the adsorption layer 3. Through the above steps, the purification treatment effect on the waste gas is effectively improved.

Explanation of Reference Signs

[0019] 1 ··· Exhaust port, 2 ··· Scrubber, 3 ··· Adsorption layer, 4 ··· Filter layer, 5 ··· Spraying device, 6 ··· Nozzle, 7 ··· Liquid supply duct, 8 ··· Deflector, 9 ··· Waste liquid outlet, 10 ··· Filtration device, 11 ··· Sedimentation tank, 12 ··· Water pump, 13 ··· Second waste gas inlet, 14 ··· Blower, 15 ··· Second dust remover, 16 ··· Flue duct, 17 ··· Combustion product outlet, 18 ··· Explosion-proof combustion chamber, 19 ··· Ignition head, 20 ··· First waste gas inlet, 21 ··· First dust remover, 22 ··· First air pump, 23 ··· Combustion head, 24 ··· Combustor, 25 ··· Second air pump, 26 ··· Air inlet.

Claims

1. A waste gas combustion device comprising a first waste gas inlet, an air inlet, an explosion-proof combustion chamber, a combustor, and a combustion product outlet, wherein the combustor comprises an ignition head and a combustion head, the first waste gas inlet, the air inlet, and the combustion product outlet are provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, and the combustor is provided in the explosion-proof combustion chamber, A scrubber provided with an exhaust port, a second waste gas inlet, a filtration layer, an adsorption layer, and a spraying device, wherein the spraying device comprises a nozzle, a liquid delivery duct, a water pump, a sedimentation tank, a waste liquid outlet, and a flow guiding device, and the sedimentation tank is sequentially connected to the water pump and the spraying device by the liquid delivery duct, The exhaust port, the adsorption layer, the spraying device, the filtration layer, the flow guiding device, and the waste liquid outlet are sequentially provided from top to bottom in the scrubber. A waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery.

2. The first waste gas inlet is connected to the combustor, and a first dust remover and a first air pump are provided on one side. The air inlet is connected to the combustor, and a second air pump is provided on one side. The combustor is configured to sufficiently premix combustible waste gas and air, and the combustion products enter the scrubber through an exhaust duct after combustion. The waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to Claim 1.

3. Further comprising a second dust remover and a blower provided in the exhaust duct. The waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to Claim 2.

4. The exhaust port is provided at the ceiling of the scrubber, the waste liquid outlet is provided at the bottom of the scrubber, the washing and spraying device is provided with a plurality of nozzles, the nozzles are connected to the sedimentation tank by the liquid delivery device, the water pump is configured to transport washing liquid to the nozzles, and the flow guiding device is configured to allow the washing liquid after treating the waste gas to enter the sedimentation tank. The waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to Claim 1.

5. Further comprising a filtration device provided in the sedimentation tank and configured to perform filtration treatment on the waste liquid. The waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to Claim 4.

6. The filtration layer is made of activated carbon particles, the adsorption layer is a polymer adsorbent, and the filtration device adopts a chemical treatment method. The waste gas treatment device during the thermal runaway process of a lithium battery according to Claim 5.

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