Composition

Abstract

This specification discloses a composition that can be applied to products or elements that may generate heat, ignite, or explode during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and can effectively respond to such heat, ignition, and explosion. For example, the composition can be applied to an article containing multiple such products or elements to respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, or ignition generated by any one element or product, and prevent or minimize the spread of such heat generation, explosion, or ignition to other adjacent elements or products. The composition also exhibits excellent handling and storage stability. This specification also provides uses for the composition.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2022-0125266 and 10-2022-0125271, filed September 30, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0041417, filed March 29, 2023, and all contents disclosed in the documents of said Korean patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This specification discloses compositions and uses thereof. [Background technology]

[0003] The importance of technology for managing heat generated by products is gradually increasing, but managing, controlling, and treating heat in products that are composed of multiple heat-generating elements (heat-generating elements) is a difficult problem.

[0004] For example, a battery module or a battery pack includes multiple battery cells or multiple battery modules, which are positioned adjacent to one another. Therefore, heat, fire, and / or explosion generated from any one battery cell or battery module can affect other adjacent elements, potentially causing problems such as chain fires or chain explosions. In such products, it is necessary to prevent heat, explosions, or fire generated from any one element from affecting other adjacent elements. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] This specification discloses a composition and its use. The purpose of this specification is to disclose a composition that can be applied to products or elements that may experience abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and that can effectively deal with such heat generation, ignition, and explosion.

[0006] For example, the compositions disclosed herein can be applied to an article containing a plurality of the above-described products or elements to respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or fire occurring in any one of the elements or products, and prevent or minimize the spread of such heat generation, explosion, and / or fire to other adjacent elements or products.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned composition in a manner that ensures excellent handling properties and storage stability, and to provide uses of the above-mentioned composition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Of the physical properties mentioned in this specification, those that are affected by temperature are those measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

[0009] As used herein, the term "room temperature" refers to a natural temperature that is neither heated nor cooled, and means, for example, any temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, such as a temperature of about 23°C or about 25°C.

[0010] Unless otherwise specified herein, temperatures referred to herein are in °C.

[0011] In the present specification, when pressure affects the results of physical properties, the physical properties are measured at normal pressure unless otherwise specified.

[0012] In this specification, the term "normal pressure" refers to natural pressure that is neither increased nor decreased, and normal pressure is usually within the range of about 700 mmHg to 800 mmHg.

[0013] When humidity affects the results of physical properties referred to in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the physical properties are measured at standard humidity, which means a relative humidity of approximately 40%, 50%, 60%, or 65%.

[0014] This specification discloses a composition. As used herein, the term "composition" may refer to a mixture of two or more different components. The composition may be a fire-extinguishing composition. A fire-extinguishing composition is a composition that can respond to abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurring from any target.

[0015] The composition may contain a solvent. The solvent can be used to reduce heat by heat exchange or to remove flames generated by ignition and / or explosion when the heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion occurs from an object adjacent to the composition. Such a solvent can enable the composition to exhibit latent heat (described below) and can also enable the carbonizable organic substance (described below) to effectively form a carbonized product when needed.

[0016] For example, the solvent may be a vaporizable solvent. When heat is applied to the solvent due to the abnormal heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion, the solvent vaporizes due to the heat, and the resulting gas can be used to reduce the heat or remove the flame. Furthermore, the desired latent heat can be generated during the vaporization process.

[0017] Any non-flammable solvent can be used without any particular limitation, for example, a solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within a predetermined range can be used.

[0018] For example, in order for the solvent to effectively respond to the heat generation, fire, and / or explosion, it is necessary for the solvent to be in a liquid state at least at the time when the heat generation, fire, or explosion occurs, and for this reason, the freezing point of the solvent can be controlled.

[0019] For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the solvent may be about -5°C, -4°C, -3°C, -2°C, -1°C, or 0°C, and the upper limit may be about 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C, 3°C, or 2°C. For example, the freezing point of the solvent may be -5°C or higher, or may be between -5°C and 10°C. The freezing point may be in a range equal to or lower than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or in a range equal to or higher than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or in a range equal to or higher than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or lower than any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0020] In order for the solvent to efficiently respond to the heat generation, fire and / or explosion, it may be advantageous for it to be able to be vaporized by at least the heat generated by the heat generation, fire and explosion, and for this reason, the boiling point of the solvent can be controlled.

[0021] The lower limit of the boiling point of the solvent may be about 80° C., 85° C., 90° C., or 95° C., and the upper limit may be about 120° C., 115° C., 110° C., or 105° C. The boiling point may be in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0022] As the solvent, any suitable type can be selected and used without any particular limitation, as long as it has a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above range and is non-flammable.

[0023] A typical example of a non-flammable solvent having a freezing point and / or boiling point within the above range is water, and thus water can be used as the solvent, but the types of applicable solvents are not limited to the above.

[0024] The lower limit of the proportion of the solvent in the composition may be, for example, about 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight, 30% by weight, 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, 65% by weight, 70% by weight, 75% by weight, or 80% by weight, and the upper limit may be about 95% by weight, 90% by weight, 85% by weight, 80% by weight, 75% by weight, 70% by weight, 65% by weight, 60% by weight, 55% by weight, 50% by weight, 45% by weight, or 40% by weight. The proportion may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0025] The composition may contain additional components to ensure adequate fire extinguishing function. For example, the composition may include a carbonization catalyst generator and a carbonizable organic material. The combination of these components forms a char of the carbonizable organic material when needed (i.e., when it is necessary to respond to abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion). The char formed in this manner can block heat transfer. For example, the carbonization catalyst generator can promote the carbonization of the carbonizable organic material and / or the gas generation of the gas-generating substance described below. The carbonization catalyst generator forms an acid or acid-based salt or ion at high temperatures, and such a component can promote the carbonization and gas generation process. Furthermore, depending on the type of carbonization catalyst generator, the carbonized material may be flame-retardant or may form a component that exhibits flame retardancy by itself. For example, the carbonization catalyst generator described below forms a phosphoric acid-based substance through decomposition at high temperatures, and such a substance can polymerize and become flame-retardant. Thereby, the carbonization catalyst generator can be included in the composition, enabling the composition to respond to abnormal heat generation, fire and / or explosion.

[0026] The carbonization catalyst generator and the carbonizable organic material must be applied together with the solvent. The carbonization catalyst generator must have a certain level of solubility in the solvent (e.g., water). That is, the components dispersed in the solvent can more effectively contact and interact with each other at the required time to efficiently form the desired char. Furthermore, adjusting the solubility of the carbonization catalyst generator in the solvent can prevent aggregation or phase separation of the components within the composition, and can more effectively promote the formation of the char and / or the formation of the flame retardant. For example, the lower limit of the solubility of the carbonization catalyst generator in the solvent may be about 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, or 40 g, and the upper limit may be about 1000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 200 g, 100 g, 90 g, 80 g, 70 g, 60 g, 50 g, 40 g, or 30 g. The solubility may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The solubility is the maximum weight (g) of the carbonization catalyst generator that can be dissolved in 100 g of the solvent (e.g., water) at 25°C. The solubility is measured according to the method described in "11. Evaluation of solubility" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0027] The carbonization catalyst generator can be any material that can decompose at high temperatures to form an acid or an acid salt or ion and has the above-mentioned solubility, without any particular limitations. Examples of the carbonization catalyst generator include phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid salts, and other phosphoric acid compounds, phosphonate compounds, and phosphate compounds. The carbonization catalyst generator may be, for example, ammonium monophosphate or diphosphate, urea phosphate, guanylurea phosphate, or ammonium polyphosphate, and one or more of the above may be selected and used.

[0028] The carbonization catalyst generator may be present in the composition in an appropriate amount taking into consideration the desired effect. For example, the weight ratio of the carbonization catalyst generator to 100 parts by weight of the solvent may be about 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, or 18 parts by weight, and the weight ratio may be about 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 15 parts by weight. The ratio may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above. If the content of the carbonization catalyst generator having excellent solubility in the solvent is too high, the content of the solvent that can be applied to the composition is limited, and the carbonization catalyst generator dissolved in the solvent may affect the vaporization characteristics of the solvent, making it difficult to ensure the desired latent heat. Therefore, the amount of the carbonization catalyst generator can be adjusted taking this into consideration.

[0029] The composition may include a carbonizable organic material as a further component.

[0030] The carbonizable organic material is an organic material that carbonizes and forms a char when exposed to flame or heat at a predetermined temperature. The char formed by such an organic material is often porous, which allows it to have heat insulating properties. Therefore, when the composition is exposed to abnormal heat generation, fire, or explosion, the organic material forms an appropriate char and exhibits heat insulating properties. As described above, by adding the specific carbonization catalyst generator and the carbonizable organic material to a solvent, it is possible to form a char that can effectively respond to abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion, even when a small amount of the carbonizable organic material is used.

[0031] In addition, when a gas-generating material (described later) is used together with the organic material, a porous carbonized material can be more effectively formed through the action of gas generated from the gas-generating material during the carbonization process of the organic material. In addition, the carbonization catalyst generator allows the carbonizable organic material to more effectively form a carbonized material.

[0032] The organic material can be any suitable material without any particular limitation, as long as it forms a char when exposed to heat or flame.

[0033] Examples of such organic substances include sugars such as sorbitol and mannitol, polysaccharides such as starch or dextrins (e.g., maleated cyclodextrin (MC) and metal salts of MC), polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC), cellulose, bi(4-methoxy-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan-1-sulfide)phenylphosphate (BSPPO), lignins (alkali lignin, urea modified lignin, etc.), melamine compounds such as methylol melamine, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. Examples of the polymer include, but are not limited to, carbonizable polymers such as carbon black resins and / or PA6T (Poly-hexa methylene terephthalamide).

[0034] A typical example of the carbonizable organic material is starch, which is relatively readily available and can form a suitable char when exposed to heat or flame.

[0035] The type of starch can be adjusted to efficiently form the char and to ensure that the char effectively exhibits the desired fire-extinguishing or heat-insulating effect.

[0036] For example, the starch may contain amylose and amylopectin, with the ratio adjusted to an appropriate level. As is well known, amylopectin and amylose are types of polysaccharides found primarily in plants, and among polysaccharides, starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is composed of glucose molecules linked by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds and has a linear chain structure, whereas amylopectin has relatively short, highly branched chains. Amylose crystallizes more easily than amylopectin, and amylopectin has relatively high solubility in water compared to amylose.

[0037] The desired composition can be provided more efficiently by using starch containing the above-mentioned properties of amylose and amylopectin in the appropriate ratio.

[0038] For example, in the starch containing amylose and amylopectin, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the amylopectin to 100 parts by weight of the amylose may be about 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 900 parts by weight, 850 parts by weight, 800 parts by weight, 750 parts by weight, 700 parts by weight, 650 parts by weight, 600 parts by weight, 550 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin can be measured according to the method described in "9. Measurement of amylopectin and amylose contents" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0039] The starch may have a molecular weight, for example, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw), within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight of the starch may be 200,000 g / mol, 250,000 g / mol, 300,000 g / mol, 350,000 g / mol, 400,000 g / mol, 450,000 g / mol, 500,000 g / mol, 550,000 g / mol, 600,000 g / mol, 650,000 g / mol, 700,000 g / mol, 750,000 g / mol, 800,000 g / mol, 850,000 g / mol, or 900,000 g / mol. ol, 950,000g / mol, 1,000,000g / mol, 1,500,000g / mol, 2,000,000g / mol, 2,500,000g / mol, 3,000,000g / mol, 3,500,000g / mol, 4, 000,000g / mol, 4,500,000g / mol, 5,000,000g / mol, 5,500,000g / mol, 6,000,000g / mol, 6,500,000g / mol, 7,000,000g / mol, 7,500 The molecular weight may be about 1,000,000,000 g / mol, 8,000,000 g / mol, 8,500,000 g / mol, 9,000,000 g / mol, 9,500,000 g / mol, 10,000,000 g / mol, 20,000,000 g / mol, 30,000,000 g / mol, 40,000,000 g / mol, or 50,000,000 g / mol, with the upper limit being 1,000,000,000 g / mol, 900,000,000 g / mol, 800,000,000 g / mol, / mol, 700,000,000 g / mol, 600,000,000 g / mol, 500,000,000 g / mol, 400,000,000 g / mol, 300,000,000 g / mol, 200,000,000 g / mol, 150,000,000 g / mol, 100,000,000 g / mol, 90,000,000 g / mol, 80,000,000 g / mol, 70,000,000 g / mol or 60,000,000 g / mol.The molecular weight may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or may be greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. Starch having the above molecular weight (Mw) can more effectively form a carbonized product having a desired function (e.g., heat insulating function) when exposed to heat or flame. The molecular weight can be measured according to the method described in "8. Measurement of Molecular Weight" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0040] The carbonizable organic material (e.g., the starch) may have a certain range of gelatinization viscosity. The gelatinization viscosity is related to the properties of the carbonizable organic material when present in a solvent, and controlling the gelatinization viscosity can more effectively form a carbonized product. The lower limit of the gelatinization viscosity of the carbonizable organic matter (e.g., starch) may be about 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, or 1,000, and the upper limit may be about 5,000, 4,500, 4,000, 3,500, 3,000, 2,500, 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, or 300. The gelatinization viscosity may be in a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The gelatinization viscosity may be measured according to the method described in "12. Evaluation of Gelatinization Viscosity" in the Examples section of this specification, and the unit is Brabender unit (BU).

[0041] The lower limit of the weight ratio of the carbonizable organic material to 100 parts by weight of the solvent may be about 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, and the upper limit thereof may be about 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, or 5 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The carbonizable organic material contained in such a ratio can effectively form a carbonized product when needed within the composition, and can provide the composition with excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0042] When the composition contains the carbonizable organic material, the weight ratio (M / O) of the carbonization catalyst generator (M) to the carbonizable organic material (O) can be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the ratio M / O may be about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3, and the upper limit may be about 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3.5, 3, or 2.5. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The carbonizable organic material contained in such a ratio exhibits an effective suppression effect against heat and flames and an effect of forming a porous carbonized material when needed in the composition, and can provide the composition with excellent overall handling properties and storage stability.

[0043] The composition may also include a gas-generating substance as an optional additional component. The gas-generating substance that may be included in the composition is a substance that generates gas when exposed to heat or flame. The generated gas can directly extinguish the heat or flame, or can make the carbonized material more porous during the carbonization process of the carbonizable organic material.

[0044] The type of gas generated by the gas generating substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a non-flammable gas, and may be, for example, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide and / or water vapor.

[0045] There are various known gas-generating substances. For example, examples of nitrogen-generating substances include melamine, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine. Examples of carbon dioxide-generating substances include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate. Examples of water vapor-generating substances include calcium hydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide, and aluminum trihydroxide. However, the substances applicable to the present invention are not limited to these.

[0046] As the gas generating substance, one or a mixture of two or more selected from the above-mentioned types can be used.

[0047] To achieve a suitable effect, the gas-generating substance may be a substance that generates nitrogen gas, such as melamine, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, and / or guanylurea phosphate, etc. Such substances are advantageous in that they effectively exert a foaming effect on the carbonized material during the carbonization process of the carbonizable organic material, thereby effectively forming the desired porous carbonized material.

[0048] When included, the weight ratio of the gas-generating substance relative to 100 parts by weight of the solvent may be about 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, or 40 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, or 8 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The gas-generating material contained in such a ratio can effectively suppress heat and flames and form porous charcoal when needed in the composition, and can provide the composition with excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0049] When the composition contains the gas-generating material, the weight ratio (M / G) of the carbonization catalyst generator (M) to the gas-generating material (G) can be adjusted. For example, the lower limit of the ratio M / G may be about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3, and the upper limit may be about 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, or 4. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. The gas-generating material contained in such a ratio can effectively suppress heat and flames and form porous carbon when needed in the composition, thereby providing the composition with excellent overall handleability and storage stability.

[0050] The composition may also include a water-absorbing polymer as an optional further component.

[0051] A water-absorbing polymer is a polymer that has the property of being able to absorb water.

[0052] In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a so-called hydrogel polymer or hydrogel, which is generally defined as a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer. Such polymers are also known as SAPs (Super Absorbent Polymers).

[0053] The water-absorbing polymer is a material capable of absorbing tens to thousands of times its own weight in water, and such a material allows the composition of the present invention to exist entirely in a gel state, thereby ensuring ease of handling and storage stability.

[0054] There is no particular limitation on the type of water-absorbing polymer that can be used, and any polymer that is generally applicable to SAP can be used without any limitation.

[0055] Typically, such materials use polyacrylate vinyl polymers, which are polymers made from acrylate monomers, and other comonomers can be used to form the polymers, if necessary.

[0056] The absorbent properties of the water-absorbing polymer can be adjusted so that it exhibits properties suitable for the application of the present invention.

[0057] For example, the lower limit of the centrifugation retention capacity (CRC) of the water-absorbing polymer according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP241.3 may be about 12 g / g, 13 g / g, 14 g / g, 15 g / g, 16 g / g, 17 g / g, 18 g / g, 19 g / g, 20 g / g, 21 g / g, 22 g / g, 23 g / g, 24 g / g, 25 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, 28 g / g, 29 g / g, 30 g / g, 31 g / g, 32 g / g or 33 g / g, and the upper limit may be about 60 g / g, 55 g / g, 50 g / g, 45 g / g, 40 g / g or 35 g / g. The retention capacity (CRC) may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) may be evaluated according to the method described in "6. CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0058] For example, the absorbent polymer may have a lower limit of absorbency under a load of 0.3 psi (AUP) according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) method WSP242.3 of about 4 g / g, 6 g / g, 8 g / g, 10 g / g, 12 g / g, 14 g / g, 16 g / g, 18 g / g, 20 g / g, 22 g / g, 24 g / g, 26 g / g, 27 g / g, or 28 g / g, and an upper limit of about 40 g / g, 38 g / g, 36 g / g, 34 g / g, 32 g / g, or 30 g / g. The absorption capacity (AUP) may be in a range of less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or in a range of more than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or in a range of more than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The absorption capacity under pressure (AUP) may be evaluated according to the method described in "7. AUP (Absorption Under Pressure)" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0059] The water-absorbing polymer having the above-mentioned absorption capacity can exhibit the desired properties in combination with other components of the composition of the present invention.

[0060] In one example, the water-absorbing polymer may be a particulate polymer. The weight-based size distribution of the particulate water-absorbing polymer may be controlled to ensure the desired viscosity characteristics and fire-extinguishing function through the application of the water-absorbing polymer. In the present specification, the term "weight-based size distribution of water-absorbent polymer" refers to a size distribution measured in accordance with the description in "13. Weight-based size distribution of water-absorbent polymer" in the Examples section of the present specification, and means a size distribution obtained by dividing a sample of the particulate water-absorbent polymer into a fraction of less than 150 μm in size (hereinafter also referred to as "A fraction"), a fraction in the range of 150 μm to 300 μm (hereinafter also referred to as "B fraction"), a fraction in the range of 300 μm to 600 μm (hereinafter also referred to as "C fraction"), a fraction in the range of 600 μm to 850 μm (hereinafter also referred to as "D fraction"), and a fraction exceeding 850 μm (hereinafter also referred to as "E fraction"), and expressing the weight of each fraction as a percentage (weight ratio of each fraction) relative to the weight of the entire particulate water-absorbent polymer sample. The size distribution by weight can be determined in accordance with the EDANA method WSP220.3 standard based on the description in "17. Size distribution by weight of water-absorbing polymer" in the Examples section.

[0061] The particulate water-absorbent polymer may have a maximum weight size in the weight-based size distribution in the range of 150 μm to 850 μm. The maximum weight size is the size of the fraction showing the highest weight percentage among the weight percentage of the A fraction, the B fraction, the C fraction, the D fraction, and the E fraction. That is, the maximum weight size in the range of 150 μm to 850 μm means that the weight percentage of the particulate water-absorbent polymer belonging to any one or more of the B fraction, the C fraction, and the D fraction is the largest. Since the weight percentages of two fractions may be the same and the weight percentages may show the highest value among the weight percentages of the entire fractions, the maximum weight size fraction may be one or more. In one example, the maximum weight size fraction may be the C fraction among the B, C, and D fractions. Therefore, the maximum weight size in the weight-based size distribution may be in the range of 300 μm to 600 μm.

[0062] The weight ratio of the particulate water-absorbing polymer in the fraction showing the maximum weight size in the weight-based size distribution (i.e., the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer belonging to the maximum weight size in the weight-based size distribution) may be about 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, 65% by weight, 70% by weight, 71% by weight, 72% by weight, 73% by weight or 74% by weight, and the upper limit may be about 95% by weight, 90% by weight, 85% by weight, 80% by weight, 79% by weight, 78% by weight, 77% by weight, 76% by weight or 75% by weight. The weight ratio may be in a range of more than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or more than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0063] When the maximum weight size is too small and / or the weight ratio in the fraction showing the maximum weight size is too small, the composition may not properly form the intended gel, and the handling and storage properties may be deteriorated or the intended fire-extinguishing function may not be exhibited. Therefore, an appropriate particulate water-absorbing polymer may be selected taking this into consideration.

[0064] When included, the lower limit of the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer to 100 parts by weight of the solvent is 0.01 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, or 9 parts by weight, and the upper limit is 50 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, or 2 parts by weight. The ratio may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or above any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0065] The composition comprises the above ingredients and may optionally comprise further ingredients.

[0066] For example, the composition may further contain a freezing point modifier. As mentioned above, for the composition to perform its fire extinguishing function, it is advantageous for the solvent, etc. to be in a liquid state at the time when the heat generation, ignition, and / or explosion to be controlled occurs. However, depending on the application, the environment in which the composition is placed may be at a temperature below the freezing point of the composition or solvent, and in such cases, the composition is likely not to exist in a liquid state. Therefore, in such cases, it is necessary to add an appropriate freezing point modifier to adjust the freezing point of the composition.

[0067] There is no particular limitation on the type of freezing point adjuster that can be used in this process, and any additive known to be capable of adjusting the freezing point of the solvent or composition by the so-called freezing point depression phenomenon can be used.

[0068] For example, the freezing point regulator may be an alcohol.

[0069] For example, the alcohol may have a boiling point within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the alcohol may be about 150°C, 170°C, or 190°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, or 200°C. The boiling point may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits.

[0070] For example, the alcohol may have a molar weight within a predetermined range. For example, the lower limit of the molar mass of the alcohol may be about 20 g / mol, 30 g / mol, 40 g / mol, 50 g / mol, 60 g / mol, 70 g / mol, 80 g / mol, or 90 g / mol, and the upper limit may be about 300 g / mol, 280 g / mol, 260 g / mol, 240 g / mol, 220 g / mol, 200 g / mol, 180 g / mol, 160 g / mol, 140 g / mol, 120 g / mol, 100 g / mol, 90 g / mol, 80 g / mol, or 70 g / mol. The molar mass may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above.

[0071] There are no particular limitations on the type of alcohol that can be used, and for example, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol or glycerin can be used.

[0072] When applied, the alcohol may be present so that its concentration, calculated based on the solvent, falls within a predetermined range. The concentration is a molar concentration, specifically, calculated by dividing the number of moles of the alcohol applied to the composition by the weight (unit: kg) of the solvent. In one example, the lower limit of the molar concentration may be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16, and the upper limit may be about 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, or 20. The molar concentration may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. However, the molar concentration may be adjusted taking into account the desired freezing point range.

[0073] The above-mentioned composition can exhibit unique physical properties through the combination of the above-mentioned components.

[0074] For example, the composition may exhibit a generally controlled freezing point. For example, the lower limit of the freezing point of the composition may be about -50°C, -45°C, -40°C, -35°C, -30°C, -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, or -10°C, and the upper limit may be about 10°C, 8°C, 6°C, 4°C, 2°C, 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, -20°C, -25°C, -30°C, -35°C, or -40°C. The freezing point may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. Such a freezing point may be measured according to the method described in the Examples section.

[0075] The composition may have a controlled viscosity and / or thixotropy index.

[0076] For example, the lower limit of the viscosity of the composition is about 30,000 cP, 40,000 cP, 50,000 cP, 60,000 cP, 70,000 cP, 80,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 110,000 cP, 120,000 cP, 130,000 cP, 140,000 cP, 150,000 cP, or 155,000 cP. The upper limit may be about 600,000 cP, 550,000 cP, 500,000 cP, 450,000 cP, 400,000 cP, 350,000 cP, 300,000 cP, 250,000 cP, 200,000 cP, 150,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 80,000 cP, or 70,000 cP. The viscosity may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits. These viscosities are measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm. Specific measurement methods are described in the Examples section.

[0077] For example, the lower limit of the thixotropy index of the composition may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 10.5, and the upper limit may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6. The thixotropy index may be less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The thixotropy index is calculated by dividing the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm by the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotational speed of 5 rpm. A specific measurement method is described in the Examples section.

[0078] A composition having the above viscosity and / or thixotropy index can exhibit excellent handling properties and storage stability.

[0079] The composition may exhibit a predetermined latent heat property. Latent heat is generally defined as the amount of heat required for a substance to undergo a phase transition without a temperature change. However, the latent heat of the composition as used herein does not necessarily refer only to a property that appears when the composition as a whole undergoes a phase transition. The latent heat may be generated during the phase transition of at least a portion of the composition or of a component contained in the composition.

[0080] As used herein, the term "a composition exhibits latent heat" means that the composition exhibits an endothermic peak in a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis conducted according to the method described in "5. Measurement of Latent Heat" in the Examples section of this specification. The phase transition process in which the composition exhibits the latent heat may be, but does not necessarily have to be, an isothermal process. By having an appropriate level of latent heat, the composition can be applied to a heat-generating product and control the heat while maintaining a uniform temperature of the product, thereby minimizing or preventing the impact of abnormal heat generation, explosion, and / or fire generated from one product on other adjacent products.

[0081] The lower limit of the latent heat exhibited by the composition may be, for example, about 500 J / g, 550 J / g, 600 J / g, 650 J / g, 700 J / g, 750 J / g, 800 J / g, 850 J / g, 900 J / g, 950 J / g, 1000 J / g, 1100 J / g, 1200 J / g, or 1300 J / g, and the upper limit may be about 5000 J / g, 4800 J / g, 4600 J / g, The latent heat may be about 4400 J / g, 4200 J / g, 4000 J / g, 3800 J / g, 3600 J / g, 3400 J / g, 3200 J / g, 3000 J / g, 2800 J / g, 2600 J / g, 2400 J / g, 2200 J / g, 2000 J / g, 1800 J / g, 1600 J / g, 1400 J / g, 1200 J / g, 1000 J / g, or 900 J / g. The latent heat may be greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above; or greater than or exceeding any one of the lower limits mentioned above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The latent heat may be measured according to the method described in the "5. Measurement of Latent Heat" section of the Examples section of this specification.

[0082] The lower limit of the on-set temperature range at which the composition begins to exhibit the latent heat may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C, and the upper limit may be about 200°C, 180°C, 160°C, 140°C, 120°C, 100°C, 90°C, or 80°C. The on-set temperature may be determined within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits. The on-set temperature refers to the temperature at the left on-set point of the endothermic peak section in a DSC analysis conducted according to the method described in "5. Measurement of Latent Heat" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0083] The lower limit of the temperature range showing the latent heat of the composition may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, or 180°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, 200°C, 180°C, or 160°C. The temperature range may be determined within a range below or equal to any one of the upper limits and above or exceeding any one of the lower limits. The temperature range is the value obtained by subtracting the temperature at the left onset point from the temperature at the right onset point of the endothermic peak in a DSC analysis performed according to the method described in "5. Measurement of Latent Heat" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0084] These properties allow the composition to be applied to a variety of applications and to effectively counter heat generation, fire, and / or explosions that may occur in each application.

[0085] The freezing point, viscosity, thixotropy index and latent heat properties of the composition can be ensured by combining the components of each composition.

[0086] The composition may further contain various known additives as long as the above-mentioned properties are not impaired.

[0087] The present invention also relates to a fire extinguishing pack manufactured using the composition. The fire extinguishing pack can be manufactured by loading the composition into an appropriate case, taking into consideration the ease of storage and handling stability of the composition.

[0088] Thus, the fire extinguishing pack may include a case and the composition present within the case.

[0089] There are no particular limitations on the type of case used in the manufacture of the fire extinguishing pack, and any case that can appropriately store the composition can be used. Since the composition contains a volatile component such as a solvent, for example, the case may have a so-called WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) within a predetermined range.

[0090] For example, the upper limit of the so-called WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) of the case is 0.5 g / m 2 day, 0.45g / m 2 day, 0.4g / m 2 day, 0.35g / m 2 day, 0.3g / m 2 day, 0.25g / m 2 day, 0.2g / m 2 day, 0.15g / m 2 day or 0.1g / m 2 The lower limit is 0 g / m 2 day, 0.1g / m 2 day, 0.2g / m 2 day, 0.3g / m 2 day, 0.4g / m 2 day or 0.5g / m 2 The WVTR may be about 1 / 2 day. The WVTR may be within a range equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above; or may be within a range equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits mentioned above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits mentioned above. The WVTR may be evaluated according to the method described in "10. WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation" in the Examples section of this specification.

[0091] Such a case can be manufactured using a variety of known materials, for example, the case can be constructed using suitable inorganic and / or organic films or laminates thereof.

[0092] Examples of the organic film that can be used in the above-mentioned application include cellulose-based polymer films; COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) films; acrylic polymer films; polyolefin films; PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) films; PES (poly ether sulfone) films; PEEK (polyetheretherketon) films; PPS (polyphenylsulfone) films; PEI (polyetherimide) films; PEN (polyethylene maphthatlate) films; polyester films; PI (polyimide) films; PSF (polysulfone) films and / or PAR (polyarylate) films.

[0093] Examples of the applicable inorganic film include a metal film, a metal oxide film, a metal nitride film, and a metal oxynitride film. For example, a metal film, a metal oxide film, a metal nitride film, or a metal oxynitride film containing one or more selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Zr, Hf, Zn, Al, Si, La, Ti, and Ni can be used.

[0094] By selecting appropriate types of films from among these and combining them as needed, it is possible to provide a desired type of case.

[0095] The shape of the case or fire extinguishing pack is determined depending on the intended use, and is not particularly limited.

[0096] For example, as described below, when the fire extinguishing pack is applied to a battery module and is to be applied between a plurality of battery cells included in the module, the case may be manufactured in the same or similar shape as the battery cells, and after the fire extinguishing pack is manufactured, it may be inserted between the battery cells.

[0097] The present specification also discloses electronic equipment or devices to which said composition or fire-fighting pack is applied.

[0098] The type of electronic equipment or device is not particularly limited. For example, the composition or fire extinguishing pack can be applied to equipment or devices that are at risk of abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion during operation, maintenance, and / or storage, and that require the control of such abnormal phenomena.

[0099] A typical example of such equipment or device is a battery. In particular, in a battery module made up of multiple battery cells, it is important to prevent abnormal heat generation, fire, and / or explosion occurring in one battery cell from spreading to other adjacent battery cells.

[0100] Therefore, the present invention may also relate to a battery module comprising the composition or fire extinguishing pack.

[0101] Such a battery module may essentially include a plurality of battery cells and the composition or fire-fighting packs disposed between the battery cells.

[0102] As long as the composition or fire extinguishing pack is applicable, the specific configuration of the battery module, for example, the type of the battery cell, is not particularly limited and known materials can be used. For example, known pouch-type, prismatic, or cylindrical battery cells can be used as the battery cells.

[0103] The method for manufacturing the battery module is not particularly limited, and for example, as described above, a method may be used in which a fire extinguishing pack in the form of a battery cell is manufactured, and then the fire extinguishing pack is positioned at a required position during the manufacturing process of the battery module. [Effects of the Invention]

[0104] This specification discloses a composition that can be applied to a product or element that may generate heat, ignite, or explode during operation, storage, and / or maintenance, and can effectively respond to such heat, ignition, and explosion. For example, the composition can be applied to an article containing multiple such products or elements, and can respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion, or ignition generated by any one element or product, preventing or minimizing the spread of such heat generation, explosion, or ignition to other adjacent elements or products. The composition also exhibits excellent handling properties and storage stability. This specification also provides uses for the composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0105] The compositions disclosed herein will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the scope of the compositions is not limited by the following examples.

[0106] 1. Convection test The composition was loaded into an aluminum dish with a bottom thickness of approximately 0.2 mm. The loading was adjusted so that the composition was approximately 3 mm thick. The aluminum dish was placed on a temperature sensor (K-type thermocouple), and a flame was applied perpendicularly to the composition from a height approximately 1 inch away from the composition loaded into the dish. The flame was applied using butane gas and a torch. The temperature was measured with the temperature sensor while the flame was applied for approximately 3 minutes, and the results were evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0107] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor remains below 200°C NG: If the temperature sensor measures a temperature of 200°C or higher, or if the aluminum plate is observed to melt

[0108] 2. Presence or absence of charcoal (porous charcoal, foam) formation After the convection test, the position where the composition had been loaded was observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0109] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: If there is no damage to the aluminum plate and carbide is found at the composition position NG: If the aluminum plate is damaged or no carbide is found

[0110] 3. Chain ignition test Prismatic batteries were arranged side by side with a spacing of approximately 3 mm, and a pack containing the composition (fire extinguishing pack) was placed between them. The prismatic batteries used were CATL products (120 Ah, 3.2 V, dimensions = thickness x length x width = 48 x 174 x 165 mm), and were tested in a 100% charged state. In this configuration, a battery ignition was induced in one prismatic battery according to the SAE J2464:2009 standard, and the presence or absence of a chain reaction fire in other cells was confirmed. The battery ignition was induced by penetrating the prismatic battery with a nail approximately 5 mm in diameter at a speed of 25 mm / sec (nail penetration method).

[0111] <Evaluation criteria> PASS: No fire occurs in any battery cells other than the one penetrated by the nail. NG: If a battery cell other than the one penetrated by the nail catches fire.

[0112] 4. Evaluation of storage stability The fire extinguishing packs were stored in an oven at a temperature of approximately 35°C for 1,000 hours, and the change in weight before and after storage in the oven was measured. A weight change of 1% or more before and after storage was evaluated as NG, and a weight change of less than 1% or no weight change was evaluated as PASS.

[0113] 5. Measurement of latent heat The latent heat was evaluated according to the following method. Approximately 4 mg of the composition of the example or comparative example was sampled and loaded into a measuring device. A DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) device (TA Instruments, Q200 model) was used as the measuring device. When evaluating the latent heat, the temperature range was 25°C to 300°C. The endothermic peak was measured while the temperature was raised from 25°C to 300°C at a rate of approximately 10°C / min. The left on-set point and right on-set point of the endothermic peak section were designated as the beginning and end of the endotherm, and the section was integrated to calculate the latent heat (unit: J / g).

[0114] 6.CRC(Centrifuge Retention Capacity) CRC was measured according to EDANA method WSP241.3. Approximately 0.2 g (W0) of the water-absorbent polymer was placed in a nonwoven bag, sealed, and then immersed in physiological saline at room temperature. The physiological saline used was an aqueous NaCl solution with a concentration of 0.9 wt %. This condition was maintained for approximately 30 minutes, and the bag was centrifuged at 250 G for 3 minutes to remove water, after which the mass of the bag (g, W2) was measured.

[0115] The same procedure was carried out on the same nonwoven bag that did not contain the water-absorbent polymer, and the mass (g, W1) was measured.

[0116] The measurement results were substituted into the following formula A to calculate CRC (g / g).

[0117] The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0118] [Formula A] CRC(g / g)={[W2(g)-W1(g)] / W0(g)}-1

[0119] 7.AUP(Absorption Under Pressure) AUP was measured according to EDANA method WSP242.3. A 400-mesh stainless steel wire mesh was attached to the bottom of a plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of approximately 60 mm. Approximately 0.90 g (W0) of water-absorbent polymer was evenly spread on the wire mesh, and a piston capable of uniformly applying a load of 0.3 psi was placed on top of it. The piston had an outer diameter slightly smaller than 60 mm and was placed so that there was no gap between it and the inner wall of the cylinder and it could move up and down. The weight of the apparatus (g, W3) was measured.

[0120] A glass filter with a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was placed inside a 150 mm diameter Petri dish, and physiological saline was added so that it was flush with the top surface of the glass filter. A 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was used as the physiological saline. A piece of filter paper with a diameter of 90 mm was placed on top of the filter. The measuring device was placed on the filter paper and allowed to absorb the physiological saline under a load of 0.3 psi for 1 hour. The measuring device was then lifted and its weight (g, W4) was measured.

[0121] The obtained value was substituted into the following formula B to evaluate AUP (g / g).

[0122] The evaluation was carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions (23±1° C., relative humidity: 50±10%).

[0123] [Formula B] AUP(g / g) = [W4(g) - W3(g)] / W0(g)

[0124] 8. Molecular Weight Measurement The molecular weight of the starch was evaluated according to the following method.

[0125] (1) Preparation of mobile phase Mobile phase A was prepared by filtering 1000 mL of a 150 mM aqueous NaNO3 solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN3 with a solvent purification system (Millipore Millisolve Kit, MilliporeSigma).

[0126] (2) Preparation of sample solution 25 mg of the sample to be measured for molecular weight was mixed with 5 mL of 150 mM NaNO3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN3, heated at 80°C for 20 hours, and then filtered through a 0.4 μm nylon syringe filter to prepare a sample solution.

[0127] (3) GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) / MALS (Multi-Anglue Light Scattering Detection) conditions Using the sample solution and mobile phase A, the molecular weight was evaluated according to the following method.

[0128] Measuring instrument: Agilent GPC (Agilent 1200 series, US) Stationary phase: Shodex OH-Pak 804 column and Shodex OH-Pak 80 column connected Mobile phase: A; 0.02% NaN3, 150mM NaNO3 aqueous solution = 100 (v / v%) Flow rate: 0.4mL / min Stationary phase temperature: 25℃ Injection volume: 100μl (0.45μm filtered) Analysis time: 120 minutes

[0129] 9. Determination of amylopectin and amylose content The amylopectin and amylose contents of starch were evaluated according to the method described in the paper (Potato Research 31 (1988) 241-246).

[0130] First, approximately 5 mg of starch as a sample was dissolved in approximately 1 mL of sterile water to prepare a sample (Step 1), and the sample was heated at 95°C in a water bath for approximately 15 minutes (Step 2).

[0131] Next, about 20 μl of the sample was placed in a cuvette (step 3), and about 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (step 4).

[0132] Next, the absorbance of the sample mixed with the iodine solution was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm and recorded (Step 5). The absorbance was measured using an OPTIZEN POP model manufactured by KLAB.

[0133] Approximately 20 μl of water was placed in another cuvette, and 980 μl of iodine solution was added and mixed (Step 6). The absorbance of the solution from Step 6 was measured at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm in the same manner as in Step 5 and recorded (Step 7).

[0134] The absorbance obtained in step 7 was subtracted from the absorbance obtained in step 5 to determine the percentage of amylose using the following formula C (step 8).

[0135]

number

[0136] In Equation C, PA is the percentage of amylose and OD 700 is the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 5 minus the absorbance at 700 nm measured in step 7, and OD 525 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 5.

[0137] 10. Evaluation of WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) The WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) of the outer shell of the fire extinguishing pack case was evaluated according to the standard ASTM F1249 under conditions of 38°C and 100% relative humidity.

[0138] 11.Solubility Evaluation The solubility of a substance was evaluated based on ASTM E1148-02 standard. The maximum amount that could be dissolved in 100 g of water at room temperature (about 25°C) was evaluated according to the standard to confirm the solubility.

[0139] 12. Evaluation of gelatinization viscosity The gelatinization viscosity of starch was evaluated using an Amylograph E (Brabender) apparatus. Approximately 58 g of starch was dissolved in 450 mL of distilled water. The temperature of the distilled water containing the dissolved starch was raised from 35°C to 95°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min, maintained at 95°C for 15 minutes, and then lowered from 95°C to 50°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min. During this process, a peak appeared due to the collapse of the swollen structure of the starch, and the viscosity value of this peak was recorded as the gelatinization viscosity of the starch.

[0140] 13. Weight-based size distribution of water-absorbing polymers The weight-based size distribution of the water-absorbent polymer was measured according to EDANA Method WSP220.3. The weight-based size distribution was determined using stainless steel sieves (diameter: approximately 200 mm) with hole sizes of 150 μm, 300 μm, 600 μm, and 850 μm, respectively, according to the standard. Using the standard and the sieves, the water-absorbent polymer sample was fractionated based on particle size, and the weight of each fraction was expressed as a percentage. Specifically, the sample was divided into a fraction of less than 150 μm, a fraction in the 150-300 μm range, a fraction in the 300-600 μm range, a fraction in the 600-850 μm range, and a fraction over 850 μm. The weight of each fraction was measured, and its percentage relative to the total sample weight was determined.

[0141] Example 1 Manufacture of fire-extinguishing compositions A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 78:6:9.5:4 (W:M:N:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. Corn starch was used as the starch. The starch had a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 51,000,000 g / mol, an amylose-to-amylopectin weight ratio (amylose:amylopectin) of approximately 25:75, and a gelatinization viscosity of approximately 260 BU (Brabender units). The monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) has a solubility of approximately 29 g in water at 25°C.

[0142] Next, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed with the mixture and mixed at room temperature (about 25°C) at 500 rpm for about 2 hours.

[0143] The mixing was performed so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 78:2.5. LG Chemical's GS-803ND product was used as the water-absorbent polymer. The CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity) of the water-absorbent polymer was approximately 33.5 g / g, and the AUP (Absorption Under Pressure) was approximately 28.1 g / g. Furthermore, in the weight-based size distribution, the fraction less than 150 μm in size was 1.5 wt%, the fraction in the 150-300 μm range was 20.5 wt%, the fraction in the 300-600 μm range was 74.6 wt%, the fraction in the 600-850 μm range was 3.4 wt%, and the fraction over 850 μm was 0 wt%. Therefore, in the weight-based size distribution of the water-absorbing polymer, the maximum weight size is 300 μm to 600 μm, and the weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymer belonging to the maximum weight size is 74.6 wt %.

[0144] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The prepared composition was introduced into a case to prepare a fire extinguishing pack. The case was prepared in the form of a bag using an outer shell formed by laminating a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: about 10 μm), a PVDC (poly(vinylidene chloride)) film (thickness: about 40 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) film (thickness: about 50 μm) in this order. The outer shell was prepared by laminating the PET film on one side of the PVDC film with an adhesive and laminating the PP film on the other side at a temperature of about 200°C. A hot-melt type film was used as the PP film. The WVTR of the outer shell was about 0.11 g / m 2The battery pack was then sealed, and the resulting fire extinguishing agent was then used to prepare a case. The case was then manufactured in a bag shape, specifically, a pouch shape for a pouch-type battery cell. The prepared composition was poured into the case, and the case was sealed to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0145] Example 2. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) (N), ammonium polyphosphate (Shifang Taifeng New Flame Retardant Co. Ltd.) (A), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 74:4.5:10:4:4.5 (W:M:N:A:S). The ammonium polyphosphate has a solubility of approximately 40 g in water at 25°C. The melamine, monoammonium phosphate, and starch were the same as those used in Example 1. The mixing was performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. The starch used in Example 1 was used. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed with the mixture and mixed at room temperature (about 25° C.) at 500 rpm for about 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbing polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was about 74:3, and the same water-absorbing polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbing polymer.

[0146] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into a case to prepare a fire extinguishing pack. The case was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, using an outer cover in which a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: about 10 μm), an aluminum foil (thickness: about 20 μm), and a PP (polypropylene) film (thickness: about 70 μm) were laminated in this order. The outer cover was prepared by laminating the PET film on one side of the aluminum foil via an adhesive, and laminating the PP film on the other side at a temperature of about 200°C. The WVTR of the outer cover was about 0 g / m 2 The time was about 10 days. A case was made using the outer shell. The prepared composition was poured into the case, and the case was sealed to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0147] Example 3. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), urea (U), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 69:8.5:13:6 (W:U:N:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. The monoammonium phosphate and starch were the same as those used in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed with the mixture and then mixed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 69:3.5, and the same water-absorbent polymer used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbent polymer.

[0148] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into a case to prepare a fire extinguishing pack. The case was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, using an outer cover in which a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: about 10 μm), an EVOH (ethylene vinyl alcohol) film (thickness: about 40 μm), and a PE (polyethylene) film (thickness: about 50 μm) were laminated in this order. The outer cover was prepared by laminating the PET film on one side of the EVOH film via an adhesive, and laminating the PE film (hot melt film) on the other side at a temperature of about 200°C. The WVTR of the outer cover was about 0.27 g / m 2 The prepared composition was poured into the case, and the case was sealed to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0149] Comparative Example 1 Preparation of the composition A composition was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W) and a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) (P) in a weight ratio (W:P) of 97:3. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. The water-absorbing polymer used was the same as that used in Example 1.

[0150] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into the case used in Example 2 to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0151] Comparative Example 2 Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), and monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) in a weight ratio (W:M:N) of 78:5:14. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. The melamine and monoammonium phosphate were the same as those used in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbent polymer and then mixing at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 78:3, and the same water-absorbent polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbent polymer.

[0152] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into the case used in Example 1 to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0153] Comparative Example 3. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), and starch (S) in a weight ratio (W:M:S) of 86.5:5.5:5.5. The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 300 rpm for approximately 60 minutes. The melamine and starch were the same as those used in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbent polymer and then mixing at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 86.5:2.7, and the same water-absorbent polymer used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbent polymer.

[0154] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into the case used in Example 3 to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0155] Comparative Example 4. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), ammonium polyphosphate (Shifang Taifeng New Flame Retardant Co. Ltd.) (A), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 88.4:0.95:4.9:0.95 (W:M:A:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 10 minutes. The melamine, starch, and ammonium polyphosphate were the same as those in Example 2. Next, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbing polymer and then mixing at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbing polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 88.4:4.8, and the same water-absorbing polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbing polymer.

[0156] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into the case used in Example 2 to prepare a fire extinguishing pack.

[0157] Comparative Example 5. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 45:11.3:30.9:11.3 (W:M:N:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 500 rpm for about 10 minutes. The starch, melamine, and monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4) were the same as in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbing polymer and then mixing at room temperature (about 25°C) at 500 rpm for about 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbing polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 45:1.5, and the same water-absorbing polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbing polymer.

[0158] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing The composition was introduced into a case to produce a fire extinguishing pack. The case was produced using an outer shell in which a PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) film (thickness: about 30 μm) and a PP (polypropylene) film (thickness: about 70 μm) were laminated in this order. The outer shell was produced by laminating the PP film on one side of the PVC film at a temperature of about 200°C. The WVTR of the outer shell was about 7.5 g / m 2 The battery case was then manufactured using the outer shell. The case was manufactured in the shape of a prismatic battery cell case (thickness: about 3 mm). The prepared composition was poured into the case, and the case was sealed to manufacture a fire extinguishing pack.

[0159] Comparative Example 6. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), magnesium carbonate (C), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 78:6:9.5:25 (W:M:C:S). The mixing was carried out for approximately 10 minutes at room temperature (approximately 25°C) and 500 rpm. The melamine and starch were the same as those used in Example 1. The magnesium carbonate had a solubility of approximately 0.014 g in water at 25°C. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbent polymer and mixing for approximately 2 hours at room temperature (approximately 25°C) and 500 rpm. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 78:2.5, and the same water-absorbent polymer as used in Example 1 was used.

[0160] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing A fire extinguishing pack was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the composition.

[0161] Comparative Example 7. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), melamine (M), potassium carbonate (C), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 78:6:9.5:4 (W:M:C:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 10 minutes. The melamine and starch were the same as those used in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbent polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbent polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbent polymer and then mixing at room temperature (approximately 25°C) at 500 rpm for approximately 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio of water to the water-absorbent polymer (SAP) in the mixture (water:SAP) was approximately 78:2.5, and the same water-absorbent polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbent polymer.

[0162] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing A fire extinguishing pack was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the composition.

[0163] Comparative Example 8. Preparation of the composition A mixture was prepared by mixing silicone binder (B) (Sylgard 184), melamine (M), monoammonium phosphate (N) (NH4H2PO4), and starch (S) in a weight ratio of 78:6:9.5:4 (B:M:N:S). The mixing was carried out at room temperature (about 25°C) at 500 rpm for about 10 minutes. The melamine, monoammonium phosphate, and starch were the same as those in Example 1. Next, a water-absorbing polymer (SAP) was further mixed into the mixture to prepare a composition. The water-absorbing polymer was mixed by mixing the mixture with the water-absorbing polymer and then mixing at room temperature (about 25°C) at 500 rpm for about 2 hours. The mixing was carried out so that the weight ratio (B:SAP) of the silicone binder (B) to the water-absorbing polymer (SAP) in the mixture was approximately 78:2.5, and the same water-absorbing polymer as used in Example 1 was used as the water-absorbing polymer.

[0164] Fire extinguishing pack manufacturing A fire extinguishing pack was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the composition. The evaluation results for the compositions and fire extinguishing packs of the Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 below. In Tables 1 and 2 below, the convection test temperature is the temperature measured by a temperature sensor after applying a flame for 3 minutes in the "1. Convection test" above, and is expressed in °C. In the cases of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 8, melting of the aluminum plate was observed within 3 minutes, so the temperature was not measured.

[0165] [Table 1]

[0166] [Table 2]

Claims

1. A solvent; a carbonization catalyst generator having a solubility of 5 g or more in 100 g of water at 25°C; a carbonizable organic material; A composition exhibiting a latent heat of 800 J / g or greater.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the solvent has a freezing point of −5° C. or higher.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water.

4. The composition of claim 1, comprising 50 to 95% by weight of the solvent.

5. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carbonization catalyst generator is phosphoric acid, a phosphoric acid compound, a phosphonate compound, or a phosphate compound.

6. 10. The composition of claim 1, comprising 0.5 to 65 parts by weight of a carbonization catalyst generator per 100 parts by weight of the solvent.

7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonizable organic matter has a gelatinization viscosity of 150 BU or more.

8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonizable organic material is a polysaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, cellulose, lignin, BSPPO, a carbonizable polymer, or a melamine compound.

9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbonizable organic matter is a starch containing amylose and amylopectin.

10. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the starch contains 150 to 900 parts by weight of amylopectin per 100 parts by weight of amylose.

11. 2. The composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of a carbonizable organic substance relative to 100 parts by weight of the solvent.

12. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a gas generating material.

13. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the gas generating substance is one or more selected from the group consisting of melamine, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, glycine, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide, and aluminum trihydroxide.

14. The composition according to claim 12, comprising 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of a gas generating substance per 100 parts by weight of the solvent.

15. Case and and a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 present within the case.

16. a plurality of battery cells; A battery module comprising the battery cells and the composition of claim 1 disposed between the battery cells.

17. a plurality of battery cells; A battery module comprising: the battery cells; and the fire-fighting pack according to claim 15 disposed between the battery cells.

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