Hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic hydrogen production, specifically to a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis. The system includes an energy supply module, an electrolytic hydrogen production module, an electrolyte circulation and regeneration module, and a water vapor self-capture module. The energy supply module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module. The electrolytic hydrogen production module includes an electrolyzer. The electrolyte circulation and regeneration module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and the water vapor self-capture module, respectively. This system enables hydrogen production using direct air electrolysis, while at the same time achieving energy consumption comparable to that of industrial hydrogen production through pure water electrolysis, eliminating the need for additional energy consumption for desalination / purification of impure aqueous solutions and capturing moisture from the air. This system significantly expands the range of hydrogen energy sources and is not limited by time or space, providing technical support for the deployment of future distributed hydrogen energy.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic hydrogen production, and specifically to a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis. [Background technology]

[0002] Hydrogen energy is an important element in the future energy sector due to its advantages of wide supply sources, storability, wide applications, zero carbon emissions, no pollution, and high energy density. Air, which is a circulating medium between oceans, lakes, and land, contains many water molecules. Statistics show that the world's atmosphere contains approximately 13 trillion tons of water vapor, making it a highly potential water source for hydrogen production through water electrolysis.

[0003] Currently, there are methods for electrolytically producing hydrogen from air resources, but the main problems with the conventional methods are as follows:

[0004] (1) Hydrogen is produced by collecting liquid water using methods such as compression freezing and then electrolyzing it. The energy consumed for liquefaction in this technology further increases the cost of hydrogen production. (2) Using radiation freezing technology and moisture absorption and collection technology, it is possible to collect moisture without consuming energy and then electrolyze it to produce hydrogen. However, such processes are subject to significant time and geographical constraints, making it difficult to produce hydrogen continuously. Furthermore, due to material constraints, there are technical bottlenecks, such as the difficulty of preventing impurity ions from interfering with the oxygen precipitation reaction.

[0005] Current hydrogen production technology using air electrolysis is still difficult to achieve, with high current density, high stability, no need for water collection energy consumption, no spatial or time limitations, and large-scale use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new principle technology that will enable high-performance, large-scale hydrogen production using direct air electrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis, taking into account the shortcomings of the prior art. This system does not consume additional energy and is not limited by time or space, fundamentally resolving the problem of water resource limitations in hydrogen production using electrolyzed water. At the same time, it will help future hydrogen energy conversions to be free from time and space limitations and completely avoid the costs and technical problems associated with transporting hydrogen energy.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0008] A hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis, comprising: an energy supply module; an electrolytic hydrogen production module; an electrolyte circulation regeneration module; and a water vapor self-capture module; the energy supply module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and is used to supply electrical energy for the hydrogen production reaction; The electrolytic hydrogen production module includes an electrolytic cell. After an electrolyte is introduced into the electrolytic cell, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, water is consumed, and hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are produced. the electrolyte circulation regeneration module is used to replenish the electrolyte with pure water from a moisture absorption medium, and is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and the water vapor self-capture module, respectively; The water vapor self-capture module absorbs moisture from the air and continuously supplies the moisture needed for electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0009] Preferably, the energy source of the energy supply module is electrical energy converted from conventional coal-fired power generation or renewable energy sources (eg, solar energy, wind energy, etc.).

[0010] Preferably, the electrolytic cell is any one of an alkaline electrolytic cell, a PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic cell, and an AEM (anion exchange membrane) electrolytic cell, or a combination formed by connecting any one of the electrolytic cells in series or in parallel.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte loaded into the electrolytic cell is a liquid electrolyte or a solid gel electrolyte. Liquid electrolytes are liquids with a relatively low saturated water vapor pressure or liquids capable of absorbing water vapor, and include alkaline liquid electrolytes, acidic liquid electrolytes, and ionic liquids. Alkaline liquid electrolytes are alkaline substances such as KOH solution, K2CO3 solution, KHCO3 solution, NaOH solution, Na2CO3 solution, NaHCO3 solution, K3PO4 solution, CH3COOK solution, and Ca(OH)2, or combinations thereof. Acidic liquid electrolytes are acidic substances such as H2SO4 solution and H3PO4 solution, or combinations thereof. Ionic liquids include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate, etc. Organic hygroscopic liquids include PEG, etc. Solid electrolytes are substances that induce a phase change liquefaction of water vapor. The solid gel electrolyte is any one of hygroscopic gels having hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, amine groups, and ether groups, such as polyacrylamide hydrogel, polysulfonic acid acrylamide hydrogel, polymethacrylamide hydrogel, polybenzyl acrylamide hydrogel, polyphenyl acrylamide hydrogel, polyethyl acrylamide hydrogel, and polytert-butyl acrylamide hydrogel, or a combination thereof.

[0012] More preferably, the electrolytic hydrogen production module includes an electrolytic cell and an electrolyte temperature controller. The electrolytic cell is connected to the electrolyte temperature controller.

[0013] Preferably, the electrolyte circulation regeneration module is a module that realizes a "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change transition process, directly replenishes pure water to the electrolyte solution using a hygroscopic medium, and includes a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is a device that separates a space into an electrolyte compartment and a hygroscopic medium compartment using a waterproof breathable layer. It is any mass transfer device that can achieve two-phase or multi-phase liquid isolation but allows gas to pass through. It can also be selected from commercially available devices with similar structures, such as a flat-plate membrane distillation reaction mass transfer device, a hollow-fiber membrane distillation reaction mass transfer device, or a falling film absorption tower, by simply replacing the materials loaded therein with the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium, respectively.

[0014] More preferably, the electrolyte circulation regeneration module includes a heat exchanger, a filter, a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, an electrolyte circulation pump, and an electrolyte check valve. The electrolytic cell of the electrolytic hydrogen production module may be connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger may be connected to the filter and then to the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device may be connected to an electrolyte temperature controller in the electrolytic hydrogen production module via the electrolyte circulation pump and the electrolyte check valve, and the electrolyte temperature controller may be connected to the electrolytic cell.

[0015] Preferably, the waterproof breathable layer is a commercially available finished waterproof breathable layer, or any one selected from a porous TPU membrane, a PDMS membrane, and a PTFE membrane, or a porous waterproof breathable mass transfer layer made of graphene, PVDF particles, or PTFE particles manufactured by a spray, screen printing, or electrostatic adsorption process.

[0016] Preferably, the water vapor self-capture module is a module for realizing a "gas-liquid" phase change transition process, used to directly capture moisture from the air, and includes a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and a hygroscopic medium circulation pump. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is a vessel that meets the requirements for convection or contact between the hygroscopic medium and air, or a device used to generate gas-liquid phase mass transfer, such as a spray tower, plate tower, falling film tower, atomization tower, absorption tower, or bubble tower, with the only difference being that the loaded material is replaced with a hygroscopic medium. The hygroscopic medium can absorb moisture from the air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and further replenish moisture to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device of the electrolyte circulation regeneration module.

[0017] More preferably, the water vapor self-capture module may include a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, a hygroscopic medium circulation pump, and a hygroscopic medium check valve. The primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device may be connected to the hygroscopic medium chamber in the electrolyte circulation regeneration module via the hygroscopic medium circulation pump and the hygroscopic medium check valve.

[0018] Preferably, the hygroscopic media employed in the hygroscopic media compartments of the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device may be glycerol, CaSO4 solution, MgSO4 solution, LiBr solution, CaCl2 solution, CsF solution, LiCl solution, etc. The electrolyte filled in the electrolyte compartment of the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device may be the same as the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell.

[0019] Preferably, the system may further include a hydrogen gas collection module and an oxygen gas collection module. The hydrogen gas collection module may include a hydrogen gas separator, a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas cooler, and a hydrogen gas storage canister. The oxygen gas collection module may include an oxygen gas separator, an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas cooler, and an oxygen gas storage canister. The hydrogen gas separator and the oxygen gas separator may each be connected to the electrolyzer. The hydrogen gas separator may be followed by the hydrogen gas scrubber, the hydrogen gas cooler, and the hydrogen gas storage canister, in that order. The oxygen gas separator may be followed by the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas cooler, and the oxygen gas storage canister, in that order.

[0020] Preferably, the system may further include a cooling module consisting of a radiator, a cooling water tank, and a cooling water pump. The cooling water tank is connected to the radiator and connected to the hydrogen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, hydrogen gas cooler, oxygen gas separator, oxygen gas scrubber, oxygen gas cooler, and heat exchanger via the cooling water pump, and is used to supply cooling water to ensure a cooled environment.

[0021] Preferably, a temperature controller is connected before the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device to control the temperature of the hygroscopic medium and adjust the interfacial vapor pressure of the hygroscopic medium in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, thereby further improving the effect of absorbing moisture from the air. A temperature controller is connected before the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device to control the temperature of the hygroscopic medium and adjust the interfacial vapor pressure of the hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, thereby achieving better secondary transition mass transfer effect and controllable adjustment.

[0022] Furthermore, the electrolyte discharged from the electrolytic cell, as well as the electrolyte collected in the hydrogen gas separator, oxygen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, and oxygen gas scrubber, passes through a heat exchanger and a filter and enters a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. When the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium flow in close contact with the waterproof breathable layer, the difference in interfacial water vapor pressure between them causes the hygroscopic medium to undergo a phase change and vaporize. The generated water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte, where the interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to liquefy, resulting in a secondary phase change. Furthermore, the waterproof breathable layer effectively prevents mutual penetration and contamination of the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium. During this process, pure water is continuously replenished to the electrolyte for use in electrolysis. The electrolysis simultaneously consumes water, maintaining the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the hygroscopic medium and air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, thereby inducing continuous hydration of the electrolyte. After the moisture has been mass-transferred to the electrolyte, the moisture-absorbing medium is circulated to the moisture vapor capture module. The moisture vapor capture module is composed of a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, a moisture-absorbing medium circulation pump, and a check valve, and is one of the most important parts of the entire system. The moisture-absorbing medium further absorbs moisture from the air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, preparing it for the next cycle of moisture mass-transfer to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device.

[0023] A hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis, comprising: an energy supply module, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen gas separator, a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas regulating valve, a hydrogen gas check valve, a hydrogen gas cooler, a hydrogen gas storage canister, an oxygen gas separator, an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas regulating valve, an oxygen gas check valve, an oxygen gas cooler, an oxygen gas storage canister, a radiator, a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump, a heat exchanger, a filter, a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, an electrolyte circulating pump, an electrolyte check valve, an electrolyte temperature controller, a hygroscopic medium check valve, a hygroscopic medium circulating pump, and a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device has a sealed space separated by a waterproof breathable layer into an electrolyte mass transfer chamber and a hygroscopic medium mass transfer chamber. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is a vessel that meets the requirements for convection or contact between the hygroscopic medium and air, or a device used to generate gas-liquid phase mass transfer, such as a spray tower, plate tower, falling film tower, atomizer, absorption tower, or bubble tower with a similar structure, where the loaded material is simply replaced with a hygroscopic medium. The energy supply module is connected to the cathode and anode of the electrolytic cell and supplies electrical energy. A hydrogen gas separator is located on the cathode side of the electrolytic cell, followed in sequence by a hydrogen gas scrubber, hydrogen gas regulating valve, hydrogen gas check valve, hydrogen gas cooler, and hydrogen gas storage tank. An oxygen gas separator is located on the anode side of the electrolytic cell, followed in sequence by an oxygen gas scrubber, oxygen gas regulating valve, oxygen gas check valve, oxygen gas cooler, and oxygen gas storage tank. The electrolytic cell, hydrogen gas separator, and oxygen gas separator are all connected to a heat exchanger, which is connected to a filter and then communicates with a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is connected to an electrolyte temperature controller via an electrolyte circulation pump and an electrolyte check valve, and the electrolyte temperature controller is connected to the electrolytic cell. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is filled with a hygroscopic medium, which undergoes mass transfer with air to absorb moisture in the air and is circulated to the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device via a hygroscopic medium circulation pump, a hygroscopic medium check valve, and corresponding pipelines.The cooling water tank is connected to the hydrogen gas separator, the hydrogen gas scrubber, the hydrogen gas cooler, the oxygen gas separator, the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas cooler, and the heat exchanger via a cooling water pump.

[0024] Preferably, for an automated control process, each module in the system is connected to a controlled system.

[0025] A process for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis, comprising: The process includes the steps of: moisture in the air mass-transferring to a hygroscopic medium in a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor self-capture module; the hygroscopic medium that has absorbed the moisture further mass-transferring to the electrolyte in a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device in the electrolyte circulation regeneration module; the electrolyte that has absorbed the pure moisture then generates an electrolytic hydrogen production reaction in the electrolytic cell to consume the moisture; the electrolysis simultaneously consumes the moisture, and further maintaining an interfacial pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium, and between the hygroscopic medium and the air, thereby further driving the hygroscopic medium to absorb moisture from the air and replenish the electrolyte. In this process, if the "electrolysis rate = primary mass transfer rate = secondary mass transfer rate," a continuous hydrogen production process by direct air electrolysis is achieved.

[0026] Preferably, the above-mentioned process for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis includes the following specific steps: an energy supply module supplying power to the electrolytic hydrogen production module; First, the electrolyte is placed in the cathode or anode of the electrolytic cell, or simultaneously in the cathode and anode, to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction, generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell or an AEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first causes a reduction-precipitation reaction of hydrogen at the cathode, and the generated OH - The hydrogen passes through the diaphragm or anion exchange membrane and enters the anode, where it undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is a PEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first undergoes an oxidation precipitation reaction of oxygen at the anode, and the generated H + passes through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, where hydrogen gas is generated by a reduction reaction; The generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas enter a hydrogen gas separator and an oxygen gas separator, respectively, and in this process, the generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated from the mixed electrolyte or water, and the separated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas enter a hydrogen gas scrubber and an oxygen gas scrubber, respectively, and in this process, further, a step of thoroughly scrubbing the electrolyte and water contained in the gas that have not been completely separated; The cleaned hydrogen gas is introduced into a hydrogen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting a hydrogen gas regulating valve and a check valve, whereby the hydrogen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in a hydrogen gas storage canister; the cleaned oxygen gas is introduced into an oxygen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting an oxygen gas regulating valve and a check valve, whereby the oxygen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in an oxygen gas storage canister; The electrolyte after reaction in the electrolytic cell, as well as the electrolyte separated and recovered from the hydrogen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, oxygen gas separator, and oxygen gas scrubber, all pass through a heat exchanger, and potential impurities are removed by a filter. After impurities are removed, the electrolyte enters the electrolyte chamber of the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. At the same time, a hygroscopic medium is continuously introduced into the hygroscopic medium chamber. The two chambers are separated by a waterproof breathable layer, preventing liquid water from penetrating and contaminating each other, and allowing only water vapor to pass through. When the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium simultaneously pass through the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, the interfacial pressure difference between them causes the hygroscopic medium to evaporate on the surface of the waterproof breathable layer, generating water vapor. The water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte. The interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to change phase and liquefy, replenishing the electrolyte with water. the replenished electrolyte is introduced into a temperature controller via an electrolyte circulation pump and a check valve, and is adjusted to an optimum temperature for electrolysis, and then circulated again to enter the electrolytic cell so that the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction occurs; After the moisture in the hygroscopic medium has been mass-transferred to the electrolyte, the hygroscopic medium is circulated to a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor self-capture module, where the hygroscopic medium absorbs moisture in the air by the action of an interfacial pressure difference between the air and the hygroscopic medium, preparing it for hydration of the electrolyte in the next cycle.

[0027] Preferably, in this system, moisture from the air is mass-transferred to the hygroscopic medium in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor capture module (primary mass transfer). The hygroscopic medium then transfers moisture to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device in the electrolyte circulation regeneration module (secondary mass transfer). The purely hydrated electrolyte then consumes moisture through an electrolytic hydrogen production reaction in the electrolytic cell. The water consumption during electrolysis further maintains the interfacial pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium, and between the hygroscopic medium and the air, thereby further driving the hygroscopic medium to obtain moisture from the air and replenish the electrolyte. This process establishes a new thermodynamic equilibrium. When the electrolysis rate, primary mass transfer rate, and secondary mass transfer rate become equal, the entire system reaches equilibrium, enabling continuous and stable hydrogen production via direct air electrolysis. Furthermore, this system can dynamically adjust the primary and secondary mass transfer rates through changes in vapor pressure caused by adjusting the concentrations of the hygroscopic medium and the electrolyte itself, allowing it to adapt to different air humidity environments.

[0028] The above system enables hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis, and at the same time, the energy consumption for electrolysis is comparable to that of industrial hydrogen production by electrolyzing pure water, and no additional energy consumption is required for desalination / purification of impure aqueous solutions, nor is additional energy consumption required for capturing moisture from the air.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] (1) This system enables the hydrogen production process by direct air electrolysis, and the energy consumption for electrolysis is equivalent to the energy consumption for industrial electrolysis of pure water, and no additional energy consumption is required for desalination / purification and capturing moisture from the air. (2) In this system, moisture from the air is transferred to the hygroscopic medium in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device of the water vapor self-capture module (primary mass transfer). The hygroscopic medium then transfers moisture to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device of the electrolyte circulation and regeneration module (secondary mass transfer). The resulting pure moisture is then consumed by the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction in the electrolytic cell. While water is consumed during electrolysis, the interfacial pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium and between the hygroscopic medium and the air is maintained, promoting the hygroscopic medium to obtain moisture from the air and replenish it to the electrolyte. This process establishes a new thermodynamic equilibrium. When the electrolysis rate, primary mass transfer rate, and secondary mass transfer rate become equal, the entire system reaches equilibrium, enabling continuous and stable direct hydrogen production from air. (3) This system can further dynamically adjust the rates of primary and secondary mass transfer by changing the vapor pressure caused by changes in its own concentration, to adapt to different air humidity environments. (4) This system avoids the challenges inherent in the fundamental technology of producing hydrogen from air, such as time and space constraints, competition between impurities in the system and the oxygen precipitation reaction, catalyst deactivation by impurity ions, and toxicity and corrosiveness caused by side reactions. (5) This system can collect hydrogen gas and oxygen gas independently, and at the same time, collect both hydrogen gas and oxygen gas with high purity. (6) This system does not require energy consumption for water collection, is not limited by time or space, and can realize a continuous, stable, and highly efficient hydrogen production process using air. Furthermore, it can realize the energy conversion and stable storage of unstable renewable energy, providing a technical means for the construction of future distributed energy systems. (7) This technology is expected to realize a global and distributed hydrogen energy structure and accelerate the integration of hydrogen production and hydrogen refueling. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis according to the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a test diagram of the stability of hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis in the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a test diagram of the stability of hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis in the second embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a test diagram of the stability of hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis in the third embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a test diagram of the stability of hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis in the fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] In order to make the inventive object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the scope of the above gist of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments. Any substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common means in the art without departing from the above technical idea of ​​the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment 1 As shown in Figure 1, this is a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis, and the system is composed of an energy supply module, an electrolytic hydrogen production module, an electrolyte circulation regeneration module, and a water vapor self-capture module. The energy supply module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and supplies electrical energy for the hydrogen production reaction. The energy supply module of this embodiment is a commercial power supply. The electrolytic hydrogen production module includes an electrolytic cell, which is a homemade alkaline electrolytic cell (consisting of five electrolytic units connected in parallel. The electrolytic unit includes a cathode and an anode separated by a diaphragm; the anode is nickel molybdenum foam, the cathode is nickel-platinum plated, and the diaphragm is a polysulfone porous membrane). After the electrolyte is introduced into the electrolytic cell, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, water is consumed, and hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are generated. The electrolyte circulation regeneration module is used to replenish the electrolyte with pure water from the hygroscopic medium, and is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and the water vapor self-capture module, respectively. The water vapor self-capture module absorbs moisture from the air and continuously supplies the moisture needed for electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0034] The electrolyte circulation and regeneration module is a module that realizes the "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change transition process, using a hygroscopic medium to directly supply pure water to the electrolyte solution, and includes a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, which is a device in which the space is divided into an electrolyte chamber and a hygroscopic medium chamber by a waterproof breathable layer.

[0035] The water vapor self-capture module is a module that realizes the "gas-liquid" phase change transition process and is used to directly capture moisture from the air. It includes a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and a moisture-absorbing medium circulation pump. This primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is an open-ended container that satisfies the requirement of convection or contact between the moisture-absorbing medium and air. In this embodiment, a normal open-ended container is used, and the loaded substance is simply replaced with a moisture-absorbing medium.

[0036] The electrolyte discharged from the electrolytic cell enters the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. As the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium flow in close contact with the waterproof breathable layer, the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between them causes the hygroscopic medium to undergo a phase change and vaporize. The resulting water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte, where the interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to liquefy, resulting in a secondary phase change. Furthermore, the waterproof breathable layer effectively prevents mutual penetration and contamination of the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium. During this process, pure water is continuously supplied to the electrolyte for use in electrolysis. The electrolysis simultaneously consumes water, maintaining the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the hygroscopic medium and air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, thereby inducing continuous water supply to the electrolyte. After water mass transfer to the electrolyte, the hygroscopic medium circulates in the water vapor self-capture module. The water vapor self-capture module consists of a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, a hygroscopic medium circulation pump, and a check valve. This module is also one of the most important parts of the entire system. The hygroscopic medium absorbs more moisture from the air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, preparing it for mass transfer to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device in the next cycle.

[0037] Specific operation: A PTFE porous waterproof and breathable membrane is used as the waterproof and breathable layer of the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, and the effective mass transfer area is 2m. 2 The electrolyte was a 45 wt% potassium hydroxide solution. The hygroscopic medium was a 30 wt% LiBr solution. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was an open vessel with an effective surface area of ​​4 m 2 As shown in Figure 2, the device was placed in the atmosphere (average temperature 25°C, average humidity 70%), and the lithium bromide solution and the electrolyte solution were both at room temperature and 250 mA / cm 2 The test was conducted under the conditions above, and the device operated stably for 72 hours, with the actual voltage of the cell stack being approximately 2.2V.

[0038] Embodiment 2 This hydrogen production system uses direct air electrolysis and includes an energy supply module, an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen gas separator, a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas regulating valve, a hydrogen gas check valve, a hydrogen gas cooler, a hydrogen gas storage tank, an oxygen gas separator, an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas regulating valve, an oxygen gas check valve, an oxygen gas cooler, an oxygen gas storage tank, a radiator, a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump, a heat exchanger, a filter, a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, an electrolyte circulating pump, an electrolyte check valve, an electrolyte temperature controller, a hygroscopic medium check valve, a hygroscopic medium circulating pump, and a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device has a single space separated into an electrolyte mass transfer chamber and a hygroscopic medium chamber by a waterproof breathable layer. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is a container where mass transfer occurs between the hygroscopic medium and air. The energy supply module is connected to the cathode and anode of the electrolytic cell and supplies electrical energy. A hydrogen gas separator is disposed on the cathode side of the electrolytic cell, followed in order by a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas regulating valve, a hydrogen gas check valve, a hydrogen gas cooler, and a hydrogen gas storage tank. An oxygen gas separator is disposed on the anode side of the electrolytic cell, followed in order by an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas regulating valve, an oxygen gas check valve, an oxygen gas cooler, and an oxygen gas storage tank. The electrolytic cell, hydrogen gas separator, and oxygen gas separator are all connected to a heat exchanger, which is connected to a filter and then to a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device is connected to an electrolyte temperature controller via an electrolyte circulation pump and an electrolyte check valve, and the electrolyte temperature controller is connected to the electrolytic cell. The primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is charged with a hygroscopic medium, which undergoes mass transfer with air to absorb moisture in the air and is connected to circulate to the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device via a hygroscopic medium circulation pump, a hygroscopic medium check valve, and corresponding pipelines. The cooling water tank is connected to the hydrogen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, hydrogen gas cooler, oxygen gas separator, oxygen gas scrubber, oxygen gas cooler, and heat exchanger via a cooling water pump, respectively.

[0039] Each module in this system is connected to a control system for automated control processes.

[0040] The electrolyte discharged from the electrolytic cell, as well as the electrolyte collected in the hydrogen gas separator, oxygen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, and oxygen gas scrubber, passes through a heat exchanger and a filter and enters a secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device. When the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium flow closely together through the waterproof breathable layer, the difference in interfacial water vapor pressure between them causes the hygroscopic medium to undergo a phase change and vaporize. The generated water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte, where the interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to liquefy, resulting in a secondary phase change. Furthermore, the waterproof breathable layer effectively prevents mutual penetration and contamination of the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium. During this process, pure water is continuously replenished to the electrolyte for use in electrolysis. The electrolysis simultaneously consumes water, maintaining the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device and the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the hygroscopic medium and air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, thereby inducing continuous hydration of the electrolyte. After the moisture mass transfer to the electrolyte, the moisture absorption medium is circulated to the moisture vapor capture module. The moisture vapor capture module is composed of a primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, a moisture absorption medium circulation pump, and a check valve, and is one of the most important parts of the entire system. The moisture absorption medium further absorbs moisture from the air in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, preparing it for the next cycle of moisture mass transfer to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device.

[0041] The process for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis includes the following steps: The energy supply module supplies power to the electrolysis hydrogen production module. First, the electrolyte is placed in the cathode or anode of the electrolytic cell, or simultaneously in the cathode and anode, to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction, generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell or an AEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first causes a reduction-precipitation reaction of hydrogen at the cathode, and the generated OH -passes through the diaphragm or anion exchange membrane and enters the anode, where an oxidation reaction occurs to generate oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is a PEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first undergoes an oxidation precipitation reaction of oxygen at the anode, and the generated H + This is the process where hydrogen passes through the proton exchange membrane and enters the cathode, where it undergoes a reduction reaction to generate hydrogen gas. The generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas enter a hydrogen gas separator and an oxygen gas separator, respectively, and in this process, the generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated from the mixed electrolyte or water. The separated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas then enter a hydrogen gas scrubber and an oxygen gas scrubber, respectively, and in this process, any remaining electrolyte and water contained in the gas is thoroughly washed away. The cleaned hydrogen gas enters a hydrogen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting a hydrogen gas regulating valve and a check valve, where the hydrogen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in a hydrogen gas storage canister; the cleaned oxygen gas enters an oxygen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting an oxygen gas regulating valve and a check valve, where the oxygen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in an oxygen gas storage canister. The electrolyte after the reaction in the electrolytic cell, and the electrolyte separated and recovered from the hydrogen gas separator, hydrogen gas scrubber, oxygen gas separator, and oxygen gas scrubber all pass through a heat exchanger, and further, potential impurities are removed by a filter. The electrolyte after the impurities are removed enters the electrolyte chamber of the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device. At the same time, a hygroscopic medium is continuously introduced into the hygroscopic medium chamber. The two chambers are separated by a waterproof breathable layer, which allows only water vapor to pass through to prevent liquid water from penetrating and contaminating the other. When the electrolyte and hygroscopic medium pass through the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device at the same time, the interfacial pressure difference between the two causes the hygroscopic medium to evaporate on the surface of the waterproof breathable layer, generating water vapor. The water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte. The interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to change phase and liquefy, thereby rehydrating the electrolyte. The hydrated electrolyte enters the temperature controller via the electrolyte circulation pump and check valve, where it is adjusted to the optimum temperature for electrolysis, and then circulates again and enters the electrolytic cell to allow the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction to occur. After the moisture in the hygroscopic medium has been mass-transferred to the electrolyte, the hygroscopic medium is circulated to the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor capture module, where it absorbs moisture from the air by the action of the interfacial pressure difference between the air and the hygroscopic medium, preparing it for hydration of the electrolyte in the next cycle.

[0042] In this system, moisture from the air is transferred to the hygroscopic medium in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device of the water vapor self-capture module (primary mass transfer). The hygroscopic medium then transfers moisture to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device of the electrolyte circulation and regeneration module (secondary mass transfer). The resulting pure moisture is then consumed by the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction in the electrolytic cell. While the water is consumed during electrolysis, the interfacial pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium and between the hygroscopic medium and the air is maintained, driving the hygroscopic medium to obtain moisture from the air and replenish the electrolyte. This process establishes a new thermodynamic equilibrium. When the electrolysis rate, primary mass transfer rate, and secondary mass transfer rate become equal, the entire system reaches equilibrium, enabling continuous and stable direct hydrogen production from air. Furthermore, this system can dynamically adjust the primary and secondary mass transfer rates based on the vapor pressure changes caused by changes in the concentration of the hygroscopic medium itself, adapting to different air humidity environments.

[0043] Specific operation: A PTFE porous waterproof and breathable membrane is used as the waterproof and breathable layer of the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device, and the effective mass transfer area is 2m. 2 The electrolyte was a 50 wt% potassium hydroxide solution. The hygroscopic medium was a 30 wt% lithium chloride solution. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was an open vessel with an effective surface area of ​​4 m 2 As shown in Figure 3, the device was placed in the Chengdu atmosphere (average temperature 25°C, average humidity 65%), and the lithium chloride solution and electrolyte solution were both at room temperature and 250 mA / cm 2 The test was conducted under the conditions of , and the battery operated stably for 280 hours. The actual voltage of the cell stack was about 2.2V, and the electrolysis energy consumption was about 5.29kWh / Nm 3Approximately 175 L / h of H2 was produced.

[0044] Other embodiments using this system have the same methods and steps as those of the second embodiment, and the differences are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0045] [Table 1]

[0046] [Table 2]

[0047] [Table 3]

[0048] [Table 4]

[0049] Embodiment 3 This is a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis. The structure of this system is almost the same as that of the second embodiment, except that a commercially available alkaline electrolytic cell is used as the electrolytic cell. A PTFE porous waterproof and breathable membrane is used as the waterproof and breathable layer of the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, and the effective mass transfer area is 2 m. 2 The electrolyte was a 50 wt% potassium hydroxide solution. The hygroscopic medium was a 30 wt% lithium chloride solution. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was an open vessel with an effective surface area of ​​4 m 2 As shown in Figure 4, the device was placed in an environment with an average temperature of 25°C and an average humidity of 65%, and both the lithium chloride solution and the electrolyte solution were at room temperature and had a current of 250 mA / cm 2 The test was conducted under the conditions above, and the device operated stably for 100 hours, with the actual voltage of the cell stack being approximately 2.1V.

[0050] Other embodiments using this system have the same methods and steps as those of the third embodiment, and the differences are shown in Tables 5 to 8.

[0051] [Table 5]

[0052] [Table 6]

[0053] [Table 7]

[0054] [Table 8]

[0055] Embodiment 4 This is a hydrogen production system using direct air electrolysis. The structure of this system is almost the same as that of the second embodiment, except that a commercially available alkaline electrolytic cell is used as the electrolytic cell. A PTFE porous waterproof and breathable membrane is used as the waterproof and breathable layer of the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, and the effective mass transfer area is 2 m. 2 The electrolyte was a 50 wt% potassium hydroxide solution. The hygroscopic medium was a 30 wt% lithium chloride solution. The primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was an open vessel with an effective surface area of ​​4 m 2 As shown in Figure 5, under the conditions of an average temperature of 25°C and an average humidity of 65%, the lithium chloride solution in the primary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was at room temperature, the temperature of the lithium chloride in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was 50°C, and the temperature of the KOH solution in the secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device was 60°C, and the current was 250 mA / cm 2 The test was conducted under the conditions above, and the device operated stably for 100 hours, with the actual voltage of the cell stack being approximately 1.82V.

[0056] Other embodiments using this system have the same methods and processes as those of embodiment 4, and the differences are shown in Tables 9 and 10.

[0057] [Table 9]

[0058] [Table 10]

[0059] As can be seen from the above embodiment, this system makes it possible to realize hydrogen production by direct air electrolysis, and at the same time, the energy consumption for electrolysis is comparable to that of industrial hydrogen production by electrolyzing pure water, and no additional energy consumption is required for desalination / purification of impure aqueous solutions, and similarly, no additional energy consumption is required for capturing moisture from the air.

[0060] All features disclosed in any embodiment herein, or all steps in any implicitly disclosed method or process, can be combined and / or extended or substituted in any manner, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0061] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. According to the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement of the above embodiment still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] Symbols in Figure 1 and corresponding part names 1 Energy Supply Module 2 Electrolytic cell 3 Hydrogen separator 4 Hydrogen Purifier 5 Hydrogen Regulating Valve 6 Hydrogen check valve 7 Hydrogen Cooler 8 Hydrogen storage canister 9 Oxygen separator 10 Oxygen Purifier 11 Oxygen Regulating Valve 12 Oxygen check valve 13 Oxygen cooler 14 Oxygen storage canister 15 Heat sink 16 Cooling water tank 17 Cooling water pump 18 Heat exchanger 19 Filter 20 Secondary non-energy-consuming mass transfer device 21 Electrolyte Circulation Pump 22 Electrolyte check valve 23 Electrolyte temperature controller 24 Hygroscopic medium check valve 25 Moisture absorption medium circulation pump 26 Primary non-energy consuming mass transfer devices A Electrolyte chamber B Moisture absorbing medium chamber

Claims

1. A hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis, comprising: The system includes an energy supply module, an electrolytic hydrogen production module, an electrolyte circulation regeneration module, and a water vapor self-capture module; the energy supply module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module; The electrolytic hydrogen production module includes an electrolytic cell. After an electrolyte is introduced into the electrolytic cell, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, water is consumed, and hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are produced. the electrolyte circulation regeneration module is connected to the electrolytic hydrogen production module and the water vapor self-capture module, respectively; The water vapor self-capture module is used to absorb moisture from the air and continuously supplies a moisture source for electrolytic hydrogen production.

2. 2. The hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the energy source of the energy supply module is electrical energy converted from conventional coal-fired power generation or renewable energy sources.

3. 2. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic cell is any one of an alkaline electrolytic cell, a PEM electrolytic cell, and an AEM electrolytic cell, or a combination formed by connecting any one of the electrolytic cells in series or in parallel.

4. The electrolyte circulation regeneration module includes a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, which realizes the "liquid-gas-liquid" phase change transition process and directly supplies pure water to the electrolyte solution using a hygroscopic medium. The secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is a device in which the space is divided into an electrolyte chamber and a hygroscopic medium chamber by a waterproof breathable layer. When the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium flow in close contact with the waterproof breathable layer, the hygroscopic medium undergoes a phase change and vaporizes due to the difference in interfacial water vapor pressure between them. The generated water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte side, and the difference in interfacial pressure 2. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof breathable layer acts to induce liquefaction of water vapor to cause a secondary phase change, and the waterproof breathable layer prevents mutual penetration and contamination of the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium. In this process, pure water is continuously replenished to the electrolyte for use in electrolysis, and the electrolysis simultaneously consumes water, maintaining the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device and the interfacial water vapor pressure difference between the hygroscopic medium and air in the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, thereby inducing continuous replenishment of water to the electrolyte.

5. 2. The hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor self-capture module includes a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device and a hygroscopic medium circulating pump, which realizes a "gas-liquid" phase change transition process and does not consume energy for collecting water and is used to directly capture moisture from the air, and the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is a container that satisfies the requirements of convection or contact between the hygroscopic medium and the air, or a device used for generating gas-liquid phase mass transfer, and the hygroscopic medium absorbs moisture from the air in the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, and further replenishes moisture to the electrolyte in the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the electrolyte circulating regeneration module.

6. 5. The hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis according to claim 4, wherein the waterproof breathable layer is any one selected from the group consisting of a commercially available finished waterproof breathable layer, a porous TPU membrane, PDMS, and a PTFE membrane, or a porous waterproof breathable mass transfer layer manufactured by spraying, screen printing, or electrostatic adsorption process with graphene, PVDF particles, or PTFE particles.

7. 2. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte charged in the electrolytic cell is a liquid electrolyte or a solid gel electrolyte, the liquid electrolyte being a liquid with a relatively low saturated water vapor pressure or a liquid having a function of absorbing water vapor, and the solid electrolyte being a material that induces a phase change of water vapor to liquefy.

8. 8. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen gas collection module and an oxygen gas collection module, wherein the hydrogen gas collection module comprises a hydrogen gas separator, a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas cooler, and a hydrogen gas storage canister, and the oxygen gas collection module comprises an oxygen gas separator, an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas cooler, and an oxygen gas storage canister, the hydrogen gas separator and the oxygen gas separator being respectively connected to the electrolytic cell, the hydrogen gas scrubber, the hydrogen gas cooler, and the hydrogen gas storage canister being connected in this order after the hydrogen gas separator, and the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas cooler, and the oxygen gas storage canister being connected in this order after the oxygen gas separator.

9. 9. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 8, further comprising a cooling module consisting of a radiator, a cooling water tank, and a cooling water pump, wherein the cooling water tank is connected to the radiator and connected to the hydrogen gas separator, the hydrogen gas scrubber, the hydrogen gas cooler, the oxygen gas separator, the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas cooler, and the heat exchanger via the cooling water pump, and is used to supply cooling water.

10. 10. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 9, wherein the electrolyte discharged from the electrolytic cell and the electrolyte collected in the hydrogen gas separator, the oxygen gas separator, the hydrogen gas scrubber, and the oxygen gas scrubber pass through the heat exchanger and the filter and enter a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device.

11. 11. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a temperature controller is coupled upstream of the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device to control the temperature of the hygroscopic medium, thereby adjusting the interfacial vapor pressure of the hygroscopic medium in the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, thereby further improving the effect of absorbing moisture from air; and a temperature controller is coupled upstream of the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device to adjust the interfacial vapor pressure of the hygroscopic medium in the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device through the temperature control of the hygroscopic medium, thereby achieving a better and more controllable secondary transfer effect.

12. 12. The system for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis according to claim 11, wherein each module in the system is connected to a control system for automated control processes.

13. 1. A hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis, the system including an energy supply module, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen gas separator, a hydrogen gas scrubber, a hydrogen gas regulating valve, a hydrogen gas check valve, a hydrogen gas cooler, a hydrogen gas storage canister, an oxygen gas separator, an oxygen gas scrubber, an oxygen gas regulating valve, an oxygen gas check valve, an oxygen gas cooler, an oxygen gas storage canister, a radiator, a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump, a heat exchanger, a filter, a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, an electrolyte circulation pump, an electrolyte check valve, an electrolyte temperature controller, a hygroscopic medium check valve, a hygroscopic medium circulation pump, and a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device. The secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device has a sealed space divided into an electrolyte mass transfer chamber and a hygroscopic medium mass transfer chamber by a waterproof breathable layer, the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is a container that satisfies the requirement of convection or contact between the hygroscopic medium and air, or a device used for generating gas-liquid phase mass transfer, the energy supply module is connected to the cathode and anode of the electrolytic cell and supplies electrical energy, the hydrogen gas separator is disposed on the cathode side of the electrolytic cell, and the hydrogen gas separator is followed by the hydrogen gas scrubber, The hydrogen gas regulating valve, the hydrogen gas check valve, the hydrogen gas cooler, and the hydrogen gas storage tank are arranged in this order, the oxygen gas separator is arranged on the anode side of the electrolytic cell, the oxygen gas separator is followed by the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas regulating valve, the oxygen gas check valve, the oxygen gas cooler, and the oxygen gas storage tank are arranged in this order, the electrolytic cell, the hydrogen gas separator, and the oxygen gas separator are all connected to the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected to the filter and then communicates with the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device, The secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is connected to the electrolyte temperature controller via the electrolyte circulation pump and the electrolyte check valve, and the electrolyte temperature controller is connected to the electrolytic cell. The primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device is charged with a hygroscopic medium, which undergoes mass transfer with air to absorb moisture in the air. The hygroscopic medium is circulated and connected to the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device via the hygroscopic medium circulation pump, the hygroscopic medium check valve, and corresponding pipelines. The cooling water tank is connected to the hydrogen gas separator via the cooling water pump.A hydrogen production system by direct air electrolysis, characterized in that the hydrogen gas scrubber, the hydrogen gas cooler, the oxygen gas separator, the oxygen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas cooler, and the heat exchanger are connected to each other.

14. A process for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis, comprising: a step in which moisture in the air is mass-transferred to a moisture absorption medium in a primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor self-capture module, the moisture absorption medium having absorbed the moisture further mass-transfers moisture to the electrolyte in a secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the electrolyte circulation regeneration module, and the electrolyte having absorbed pure moisture causes an electrolytic hydrogen production reaction in an electrolytic cell to consume the moisture; The electrolysis simultaneously consumes moisture and further comprises maintaining an interfacial pressure difference between the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium, and between the hygroscopic medium and the air, thereby further driving the hygroscopic medium to acquire moisture from the air and replenish the electrolyte; This hydrogen production process by direct air electrolysis is characterized in that, when "electrolysis rate = primary mass transfer rate = secondary mass transfer rate", a continuous and stable hydrogen production process by direct air electrolysis is realized.

15. A process for producing hydrogen by direct air electrolysis, comprising: an energy supply module supplying power to the electrolytic hydrogen production module; First, the electrolyte is placed in the cathode or anode of the electrolytic cell, or simultaneously placed in the cathode and anode, to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction, generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell or an AEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first causes a reduction-precipitation reaction of hydrogen at the cathode, and the generated OH - passes through the diaphragm or anion exchange membrane and enters the anode, where an oxidation reaction occurs to generate oxygen gas. If the electrolytic cell is a PEM electrolytic cell, the electrolyte first undergoes an oxidation precipitation reaction of oxygen at the anode, and the generated H + passes through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode, where hydrogen gas is generated by a reduction reaction; The generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas enter a hydrogen gas separator and an oxygen gas separator, respectively, and in this process, the generated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated from the mixed electrolyte or water, and the separated hydrogen gas and oxygen gas enter a hydrogen gas scrubber and an oxygen gas scrubber, respectively, and in this process, further, a step of thoroughly scrubbing the electrolyte and water contained in the gas that have not been completely separated; The cleaned hydrogen gas is introduced into a hydrogen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting a hydrogen gas regulating valve and a check valve, whereby the hydrogen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in a hydrogen gas storage canister; the cleaned oxygen gas is introduced into an oxygen gas cooler by controlling and adjusting an oxygen gas regulating valve and a check valve, whereby the oxygen gas is dried and cooled, and then stored in an oxygen gas storage canister; the electrolyte after the reaction in the electrolytic cell, and the electrolyte separated and recovered from the hydrogen gas separator, the hydrogen gas scrubber, the oxygen gas separator, and the oxygen gas scrubber all pass through a heat exchanger, and impurities that may be carried are removed by a filter; the electrolyte after the impurities are removed enters the electrolyte chamber A of the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device; at the same time, a hygroscopic medium is continuously introduced into the hygroscopic medium chamber B; the two chambers are separated by a waterproof breathable layer, which prevents liquid water from penetrating and contaminating each other, and allows only water vapor to pass through; when the electrolyte and the hygroscopic medium pass through the secondary non-energy consuming mass transfer device at the same time, the hygroscopic medium evaporates on the surface of the waterproof breathable layer due to the interfacial pressure difference between them, generating water vapor; the water vapor passes through the waterproof breathable layer and enters the electrolyte; and the interfacial pressure difference induces the water vapor to change phase and become liquefied, thereby replenishing the electrolyte with water; the replenished electrolyte is introduced into a temperature controller via an electrolyte circulation pump and a check valve, and is adjusted to an optimum temperature for electrolysis, and then circulated again to enter the electrolytic cell so that an electrolytic hydrogen production reaction occurs; and after the moisture in the hygroscopic medium has been mass-transferred to the electrolyte, the hygroscopic medium is circulated to the primary non-energy consuming mass transfer device in the water vapor self-capture module, where the hygroscopic medium absorbs moisture in the air by the action of an interfacial pressure difference between the air and the hygroscopic medium, thereby providing for hydration of the electrolyte in the next cycle.

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