Compact membrane electrolysis device for producing alkaline ionized water for drinking and therapeutic uses

Abstract

This invention describes a low-cost ionizer design for batch and continuous alkaline water production for drinking and medical applications. The device includes a titanium-based cathode electrode and a mixed-metal-oxide-coated titanium electrode as the anode. Feed water with a TDS of 250-350 ppm is pre-filtered to remove turbidity, color, and odor. The purified water passes through the anode and cathode chambers, separated by a high-flux nanofiltration (NF) membrane / porous polyethylene terephthalate membrane for ion transfer. A voltage supply of 9-36 V facilitates the splitting of water molecules and the transport of cations across the barrier from the anode to the cathode.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention provides a compact membrane electrolysis device for producing alkaline ionized water (AIW) for drinking and therapeutic applications. In particular, the present invention describes two batch and continuous electrolysis device designs that produce potable AIW at low cost and with multiple health benefits. [Background technology]

[0002] Electrically driven water ionizers have been developed for over a century to generate alkaline water for drinking purposes. These devices use the process of electrolysis to separate water molecules and produce alkaline water. In recent years, the commercial value of alkaline water and electrolyte supplementation has grown significantly, manifested in the form of water ionizers such as Enagic (Los Angeles, California) and Chanson (Laguna Hills, California). Limitations of conventional processes include high operating and capital costs due to the complex design. The primary function of these devices is to separate ordinary drinking water into an acidic portion, which is discarded, and an alkaline portion, which is consumed for its health benefits. Furthermore, commercial value has been demonstrated through patented and commercial products, such as alkaline electrolyte supplemented waters and beverages, as well as tablets, capsules, and teas. The AIW device of the present invention is classified as a health-promoting and immune-boosting drinking water. The water produced from the electrolysis process has potential applications in the health sector, plant tissue culture / horticulture, and other industrial fields. This invention can be configured in several different ways to produce healthy alkaline ionized water through an electrolysis process using titanium perforated sheets and mixed metal oxide (ruthenium and iridium coated) titanium perforated plates. The resulting ionized alkaline water is purified of impurities and pathogens and enriched with minerals and antioxidants. Reject water, i.e., acidic water with a pH of 6-7 from continuous systems, is collected in a reject tank for domestic cleaning and washing, while water with a pH of 3-5 produced from batch systems can be used for cleaning and disinfection.

[0003] US Patent No. 3,215,626 describes the use of potassium triphosphate as an additive to alkaline water fortified with electrolytes and minerals.

[0004] US Patent No. 005306511 discloses a process for producing alkaline water. A highly concentrated alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide is added to ordinary drinking water to increase the oxygen content and adjust the pH to the range of 9-12.

[0005] US Patent No. 005616221 discloses an apparatus for generating electrolytic ionized water (hereinafter referred to as EIW), which is applicable to sterilization, anti-oxidation treatment of metal surfaces, and cleaning and removal of various contaminants attached to the surfaces of solid objects.

[0006] US Pat. No. 005736027 discloses a method for producing electrolytic alkaline water and electrolytic acidic water by electrolyzing water with the addition of vitamin C (100% ascorbic acid).

[0007] US Patent No. 005762779 discloses a method for producing electrolyzed water for wet processing of semiconductor devices, which includes the step of applying a voltage to electrodes placed in an electrolytic cell containing pure water containing an electrolyte to generate an electric field strength.

[0008] US Patent No. 005938915 discloses a process for producing water with an oxidation-reduction potential value between -150mV and 0mV for medical treatment. The water produced is used for dialysis of patients with chronic kidney disease.

[0009] International Patent Application No. 02 / 085794 discloses an invention of a system for producing alkaline drinking water with a pH of 9-10 using an electrolysis process. In US Patent No. 005849346, concentrated hydroxide solution was added to neutralize acidic and alcoholic beverages. The pH of the final product was between 7 and 11.

[0010] US Pat. No. 006572902 discloses a process for producing alkaline drinking water with a pH of 9-10.

[0011] US Pat. No. 007090878 discloses a process for producing water fortified with essential minerals for human consumption in the pH range of 2.5 to 9.5.

[0012] US Patent No. 7,785,642 discloses a method for producing alkaline water using four different element groups. The pH of the standing water was 6.6 to 8.0.

[0013] WO 2008 / 138358 claims that the bottled electrolyzed alkaline water is 100% natural, has a pH of 9.5±1.5, is micro-clustered, and has an ORP in the range of -250 to -400 mV.

[0014] US Patent No. 00561622 discloses a setup that uses both ionization and electrolyte introduction into raw water to produce electrolytic ionized water. The disclosed device consists of a three-chamber cell with an anode, a cathode, and an intermediate chamber.

[0015] In EP 2222607, an electrolysis device is designed to produce alkaline and / or acidic water without using a membrane, where a potential is applied to the electrodes to produce the alkaline water, and a reverse potential is applied to remove scale that has adhered to the electrodes.

[0016] WO 2016 / 133941 discloses an invention that uses a combination of reduced metals and minerals instead of electrical potential to produce alkaline ionized water. This process is referred to as the ion dispersion method. In this method, the pH can be adjusted by changing the contact time between the solvent and the reducing agent.

[0017] WO 2008 / 138358 claims that the water's ability to reduce and neutralize free radicals and reactive oxygen species is due to its negative ORP (-250 to -400 mV), resulting in the prevention of many dangerous diseases, including cancer, kidney disease, liver disease, and any disease caused by the oxidation of human cells.

[0018] In the journal Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 234 (1), 1997, 269-274, Shirahata et al. reported that they investigated the properties of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW), also known as alkaline ionized water (AIW), and found that it exhibited superoxide dismutase-like activity in protecting against oxidative damage and reduced oxidative damage to DNA molecules and other species in vitro.

[0019] In the journal Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 135 (2), 2006, 133-144, Lee et al. reported that they experimentally demonstrated that electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) prevents oxidative cleavage of proteins and stimulates the activity of free radical scavengers and ascorbic acid.

[0020] In the journal Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 69 (10), 2005, 1985-1987, Yanagihara et al. reported that they conducted a study in which rats who drank ERW for one week had a significant decrease in the amount of lipid peroxides in their urine, and oxidative stress was reduced.

[0021] The present invention relates to the design of a compact, low-cost device for producing alkaline water enriched with antioxidants for human consumption. Both devices are affordable for the average consumer, unlike other expensive ionization devices. The water molecules obtained from the device have a microcluster structure, which allows them to be easily absorbed by the human body and enhances cellular hydration. Summary of the Invention

[0022] The primary object of the present invention is to provide a compact membrane electrolysis device for producing alkaline ionized water (AIW) for drinking and therapeutic uses.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to produce alkaline ionized water in the pH range of 8.5 to 10 from a custom-designed membrane-type alkaline water cell.

[0024] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop two types of ionizers, batch and continuous, with capacities of 8 L / batch and 12 L / h respectively.

[0025] Yet another object of the present invention is to synthesize a high flux nanofiltration acid resistant membrane with a molecular weight of 300 (HF-NF-300AR membrane).

[0026] It is yet another object of the present invention to develop a non-corrosive ruthenium and iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium-based electrode for oxidation protection and improved catalytic activity and stability.

[0027] A further object of the present invention is to evaluate the performance of an electrolyzer during long term operation.

[0028] It is yet another object of the present invention to optimize the voltage applied to the electrolytic device in both batch and continuous systems.

[0029] A further object of the present invention is to optimize the inter-electrode distance within the electrolyzer, which is a key factor in the design of the electrolyzer.

[0030] Yet another object of the present invention is to produce alkaline ionized water that provides protective and therapeutic effects against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and hemodialysis-related adverse effects.

[0031] Yet another object of the present invention is to test the quality of trace metal ions in alkaline water using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and to confirm the antioxidant properties using an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) meter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0032] Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing alkaline ionized drinking water (AIW) for therapeutic use from tap water, comprising: i. an anode chamber; ii. a cathode chamber; iii. Barriers between rooms; iv. a titanium-based cathode electrode; v. A mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium anode electrode; vi. A DC adapter for connecting the two electrodes An apparatus comprising:

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier is two polymeric membranes selected from proprietary synthesized nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) polymeric membranes.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixed metal oxide coated titanium anode electrode used is a perforated titanium electrode coated with a ruthenium and iridium mixed metal oxide.

[0035] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the titanium-based cathode electrode is a titanium grade II sheet without any coating.

[0036] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the device / electrolyzer is used for batch and continuous production of potable alkaline ionized water (AIW).

[0037] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline ionized water (AIW) has a total dissolved solids content of less than 500 mg / L.

[0038] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the negative oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline ionized water (AIW) is in the range of −100 mV to −600 mV.

[0039] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the device produces alkaline ionized water that boosts immunity and provides protective and therapeutic benefits against oxidative stress-related diseases, including type I and type II diabetes, cancer, acid reflux, renal failure, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and hemodialysis-related adverse effects.

[0040] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing alkaline ionized water from tap water using the device disclosed herein, comprising: i. pre-filtering tap water using activated carbon, sedimentation, UF pre-filter, and UV disinfection to obtain pre-filtered water; ii. charging the pre-filtered water obtained in step (i) into two chambers of a membrane-assisted batch and continuous water electrolysis device; iii. connecting the two electrodes to a DC adapter and applying a potential gradient between the electrodes that promotes ion migration; iv. The process of transferring essential cations such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) to the cathode chamber; v. Anions such as carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate migrate to the anode chamber; vi. The water in the cathode chamber is enriched with minerals and antioxidants, and becomes alkaline ionized water with a pH of 8.5-10.5 in batch mode and a pH of 9-9.5 in continuous mode; vii. The water in the anode chamber is depleted of ions and becomes acidic water with a pH of 6-7, which can be used for household cleaning and washing. The present invention provides a method comprising:

[0041] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the batch design provides 8 L / batch of alkaline ionized water, with each batch taking 30-60 minutes to produce alkaline ionized water with a pH of 8.5-9.0, while the continuous device uses low-cost materials to produce alkaline ionized water at a capacity of 12 L / h.

[0042] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present subject matter will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. It is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0043] The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further explain aspects of the present disclosure. The present disclosure will be better understood by reference to the drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0044] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of an alkaline water electrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates a batch alkaline ionized water unit with a chemically inert nanofiltration membrane and a ruthenium coated titanium anode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nanofiltration membrane-assisted water electrolysis device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are front and side views, respectively, of a cylindrical alkaline ionized water unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, which is equipped with a perforated electrode and a pre-filter mounted on a skid, operates at 12 L / h, and produces alkaline water with a pH of 9.5 using a 12 V DC power source. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a membrane-assisted water analysis device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a membrane-assisted water analysis device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of pH versus time at 12V for batch AIW according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of pH versus time at 24V for batch AIW according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of pH versus time at 36V for batch AIW according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of ORP versus time at 36V for batch AIW according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of pH versus time at 36 V for a continuous electrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 illustrates the effect of voltage versus pH of alkaline water using a membrane spacer, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 shows the effect of pH versus time at 12V with a spacer, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the present disclosure encompasses all such variations and modifications. Also included within the present disclosure are all steps, features, compositions, and compounds described or suggested herein, and any and all combinations of those steps or features, individually or collectively.

[0046] definition For convenience, prior to further description of the present disclosure, certain terms used in the specification and examples are defined here. These definitions should be read in light of the rest of the disclosure and interpreted as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms used herein have meanings that are recognized and known to those skilled in the art, however, for convenience and completeness, certain terms and their meanings are provided below.

[0047] The articles "a," "an," and "the" are used to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.

[0048] The terms "comprise" and "comprising" are used in an inclusive and open sense, meaning that additional elements may be included. They are not intended to be construed as "consists of only."

[0049] Throughout this specification, unless the context otherwise requires, "comprise" and its variants "comprises" and "comprising" will be understood to refer to the inclusion of a stated element or step or group of elements or steps, but not to the exclusion of other elements or steps or group of elements or steps.

[0050] The term "including" means "including but not limited to." "Including" and "including but not limited to" are used interchangeably.

[0051] The present invention includes an apparatus for producing healthy alkaline ionized water from tap water having a total dissolved solids content of less than 500 mg / L. The method for producing alkaline ionized water from tap water includes the following steps:

[0052] Membrane-assisted batch and continuous water electrolysis systems operate on the principle of electrolysis (Figure 1). The cell consists of two chambers, an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. The two chambers of the cell are filled with pre-filtered water. A ruthenium and iridium mixed-metal oxide-coated titanium perforated electrode serves as the anode, while a titanium electrode is used to measure the cathode potential. The two electrodes are connected to a DC adapter. A potential gradient applied between the electrodes drives the movement of ions. Cations essential to our bodies, namely calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg), migrate to the cathode chamber, while anions such as carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate migrate to the anode chamber. The water in the cathode chamber is rich in minerals and antioxidants, making it alkaline ionized water, while the water in the anode chamber is depleted of ions and becomes acidic water. Redox reactions occur at the anode and cathode, respectively. OH - The ions lose electrons at the positively charged anode, producing O2 gas, which is then released into the anode chamber. + The ion concentration increases. Therefore, the pH of the water in the anode chamber gradually decreases. The reduction reaction near the cathode causes H + ions and OH - ions are produced. H + The ions accept electrons from the negatively charged cathode, producing H2 and activated hydrogen, resulting in the formation of OH in the cathode chamber. - Ions accumulate. These ions alkalinize the reduced water in the cathode chamber. H2 gas and active hydrogen generated near the cathode are partially dissolved in the alkaline water. The alkaline ionized water produced by this device has a desired total dissolved solids (TDS) of 250-350 ppm and a pH of 8.5-10 for human consumption. Meanwhile, acidic water with a pH of 6-7 can be reused for household use. a. Reaction at the anode: Oxidation 4H2O+4e - →4OH - +4H + +4e - 4OH - →O2↑+2H2O+4e - 2H2O → O2↑ + 4H + +4e - (Overall response) b. Reaction at the cathode: Reduction 2H2O+2e - →2OH - +2H + +2e - 2H + +2e - →H2↑ 2H + +2e - →2H (active hydrogen) 2H2O+2e - →H2↑+2OH - (Overall response)

[0053] The AIW water produced by both systems has a negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and alkaline pH. Ingestion of this water can also remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the body, reduce inflammation, and protect deoxyribonucleic acid from oxidative damage. Alkaline water is believed to help neutralize acid in the bloodstream. Drinking water with a higher pH is believed to boost metabolism and improve the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients. Ionized alkaline water is intended to provide protective and therapeutic benefits against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, arteriosclerosis, and adverse effects associated with hemodialysis.

[0054] Both devices disclosed in this study consist of an acrylic body with a ruthenium-iridium mixed metal oxide-coated titanium anode electrode and an uncoated titanium grade II sheet as the cathode. The anode electrodes of both devices used in this study were made of titanium grade II sheet coated with ruthenium (Ru) and iridium (Ir) oxides by electrodeposition. Ru and Ir metals are platinum group alloys that prevent electrode oxidation and improve stability and long-term durability. The batch device used a high-flux nanofiltration acid-resistant (HF-NF300AR) membrane as a barrier for selective ion transfer between the acidic and alkaline compartments. The continuous electrolysis device used a proprietary high-flux ultrafiltration membrane as a separation barrier between the two compartments. Various membranes were investigated for the continuous electrolysis device, including HF-NF300AR and a porous hydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer. The batch-type AIW device can produce alkaline water with a pH of 10.5 and an ORP of -100 to -600 mV per hour in batches, making it suitable for drinking purposes. The cylindrical design of the AIW device continuously produces alkaline water at 12 L / h. Low-cost silicone gaskets and Anabond 666T were used to prevent leaks in both types of cells. Anabond 666T is a non-corrosive, non-toxic silicone sealant used to secure the AIW device. The continuous electrolysis device disclosed in this invention is pump-free and requires a 12 V AC-DC power supply to produce alkaline water with a pH of 9.5. The acidic water produced by the continuous electrolysis device has a pH range of 6 to 7 and can be used for home gardening and cleaning. Similarly, the acidic water produced by the batch-type electrolysis device has a pH range of 3 to 6 and can be used for a variety of purposes, including oral care, disinfection, medical sterilization, hair care, and cleaning solutions. This water is ideal for hand washing and can also be used to remove unwanted particles such as pesticides and microorganisms from the surfaces of vegetables and fruits.

[0055] The device is equipped with titanium and ruthenium-iridium coated titanium perforated plates as electrodes and a membrane as a barrier to produce non-toxic water rich in essential minerals, ions, and antioxidant properties.

[0056] Drinking water with a higher pH boosts the body's metabolism and improves the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients. Drinking alkaline water with a negative redox potential (pH 9-9.5) also helps maintain hydration, blood pH, and boosts immunity.

[0057] The disclosed device comprises a titanium-based cathode electrode and a mixed metal oxide-coated titanium electrode as the anode. Feed water with a TDS of 250-350 ppm is pre-filtered to remove turbidity, color, and odor. The purified water passes through the anode and cathode chambers, separated by a high-flux nanofiltration (NF) membrane / porous polyethylene terephthalate for ion transfer. A voltage supply of 9-36 V promotes the decomposition of water molecules and the transfer of cations across the barrier from the anode to the cathode. Hydrogen gas is generated on the cathode side, and OH is released. - The water is enriched with ions and essential minerals. A negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of -100mV to -600mV is achieved, neutralizing active oxygen. The alkaline ionized water with a pH of 8 to 10 produced on the cathode side of the ionizer is tested for harmful metals and pathogens, while the acidic water with a pH of less than 7 produced on the anode side can be used for cleaning and washing applications. The cost of an alkaline ionizer is only $100 to $150 compared to expensive alkaline water generators supplied by multinational companies. Operating costs have been found to be as little as 1.0 rupees per liter of alkaline ionized water produced.

[0058] The cost of the designed AWI was calculated in comparison with commercially available designs. The resulting liquid is therapeutic water costing less than Rs. 1 per litre, compared to water sold under various brands in the market costing more than Rs. 1000 per litre.

[0059] Batch type AIW equipment The batch alkaline ionized water unit was developed as a low-cost alkaline ionized water generator for drinking purposes (Figure 2). The batch alkaline ionized water unit operates in batch mode, producing 8 liters of alkaline water per run, with a pH ranging from 8.5 to 10.5, depending on the duration of the electrical ionization input. This unit was custom-built from a commercially available drinking water skid. The unit is divided into two segments: a pre-filtration segment containing activated carbon, sedimentation, a UF pre-filter, and UV sterilization, and an alkaline ionization segment equipped with electrodes and a membrane separator. It operates with a DC electrical input, as shown in Figure 3. The raw water is first purified and sterilized, then pumped into the ionization chamber under switch control and optimized flow rate. The 3 L acidic and 8 L alkaline chambers are simultaneously filled to their respective fill marks. The electrical input is provided via a 24 V DC power supply unit operated by a switch located on the front of the unit. Based on the volume of the acidic and alkaline compartments, proportional electrode dimensions were selected and positioned at an optimal interelectrode distance to provide efficient alkalinization and electrode durability. The acidic and alkaline compartments are separated by a proprietary membrane that allows selective ion flow and pH maintenance in each compartment. After each compartment is filled to the mark, the ionizer is activated and can be stopped according to the desired pH. The generated alkaline water can be collected through a dispenser tap at the bottom front of the alkaline compartment, while the acidic water can be discharged through a separate tube at the back of the reactor. It has been observed that the alkaline water maintains its pH for more than eight hours in the reactor, even after the ionizer is turned off, making it ideal for daily consumption in the average household. The reactor is also equipped with a self-cleaning mechanism with a voltage reversal switch, allowing for cleaning of electrode deposits and regular maintenance.

[0060] Continuous AIW device A continuous alkaline ionized water system was fabricated using low-cost acrylic materials with a desired output flow rate of 12 L / h (Figure 4(a), (b), and (c)). The alkaline water produced by this system has a pH range of 9 to 9.5 and an ORP range of -100 to -600 mV. The developed cylindrical AIW reactor model shortens the interelectrode distance, increasing ionization. The reactor also incorporates electrodes with larger surface areas, enabling high water electrolysis. The reactor has an upflow mechanism, which increases contact time even at high flow rates. Both the anode and cathode chambers are equipped with separate ports for raw water inlet, product water outlet, electrode connection, sampling, and flow rate adjustment. Two openings, separate from the outlet port, are provided on the top of the reactor to facilitate the installation of online monitoring probes (for pH, conductivity, etc.), insert additional electrodes via a suspension mechanism, and monitor and adjust the output flow rate with a digital flow meter to obtain the desired alkaline water pH. Schematic diagrams of the system are shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0061] Electrode coating Ruthenium-coated titanium anodes are mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes used in electroplating, water treatment, and other electronic applications. Ruthenium-coated titanium anodes are typically readily available in most capacities. Ruthenium-coated titanium anodes can be fabricated in shapes such as sheet, mesh, perforated plate, rod, or wire. Titanium anodes activated with noble metal oxides have a wide range of advantages and applications. Coating titanium anodes with highly conductive oxides of noble metals (Ru, Ir, Pt) dramatically extends the life of these anodes.

[0062] RuO coatings on titanium plates were synthesized by conventional dip-coating. Aqueous and glycol solutions of (100 atomic) ruthenium chloride and (25 atomic) chloroplatinic acid with predetermined concentrations were prepared. The titanium substrates were rinsed with deionized water before dipping. The dip-coated salts were calcined at 350 °C. The dip-drying / calcining process was repeated several times until the desired thickness was achieved. The coating thickness was measured with a thread gauge.

[0063] The detailed procedure for coating the titanium plate with mixed metal oxides is as follows.

[0064] Ruthenium-iridium metal oxide coatings on titanium plates were synthesized by conventional dip-coating. Water and glycol solutions of (100 atomic) ruthenium chloride, (25 atomic) iridium chloride, and (25 atomic) chloroplatinic acid were prepared at predetermined concentrations. The titanium substrates were rinsed with deionized water before dipping. The dip-coated salts were calcined at 350 °C. The dip-drying / calcining process was repeated several times until the desired thickness was achieved. The coating thickness was measured with a thread gauge. [Example]

[0065] The following examples are offered for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0066] Example 1: Performance of a batch alkaline water electrolysis device when supplied with a 12 V power supply The pH of the alkaline water at different time intervals is shown in Figure 7. The graph begins with measurements taken 15 minutes after operation began, with the alkaline and acidic water readings of 8.66 and 6.77, respectively. After five hours of operation on the same day, the pH of the alkaline water rose to 9.5, while the pH of the acidic water dropped to 5.72. The ionization process was shut off after five hours of operation and allowed to stand overnight. The resulting values ​​for the alkaline and acidic water were 8.94 and 5.72, respectively. pH fluctuations over 162 hours of operation at different time intervals were investigated. The average pH for each five-hour operation ranged from 9.5 to 10.

[0067] Raw water average pH: 7.52

[0068] Raw water average conductivity: 0.387mS / cm

[0069] Example 2: Performance of a batch alkaline water electrolysis device when supplied with a 24 V power supply In this study, experiments were conducted using a 24V AC-DC power supply for a total operating time of 540 hours. Figure 8 shows a graph of pH versus time, with the blue line representing alkaline water and the red line representing acidic water. In each batch of experiments, the pH of the alkaline water increased from 7 to 8.5 within 1 hour. Over the 8-hour operating time during the ionization step, the pH of the alkaline water increased to 10.5, and the pH of the acidic water fell within the range of 2 to 3. The pH of the alkaline and acidic waters was maintained consistently throughout the entire 540-hour operation.

[0070] Operating conditions Raw water pH: 7

[0071] Raw water average conductivity: 0.410mS / cm

[0072] Example 3: Performance of a batch alkaline water electrolysis device when powered by 36 V The batch AIW device was operated at different voltages, and Figure 9 shows the results at 36V. Initially, the pH of the raw water was adjusted to a neutral pH of 7 by adding hydrochloric acid. As time progressed from 30 minutes to 6.5 hours, the pH of the alkaline water increased from 8.8 to 10.39, while the pH of the acidic water decreased from 6.12 to 2. After standing overnight, the pH of the alkaline and acidic waters was 10.11 and 2.25, respectively. The experiment was conducted at 36V for up to 79 hours, and Figure 9 shows the measurements at different time intervals.

[0073] Operating conditions Raw water average pH: 7

[0074] Raw water average conductivity: 0.418mS / cm

[0075] Example 4: Effect of ORP vs. Run Time on Batch Reactor 36V Power Supply Figure 10 shows the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) results when the device was operated at 36 V. As time progressed from 30 minutes to 3.5 hours, the ORP of the alkaline water increased negatively, while the ORP of the acidic water increased positively. 30 minutes after power-on, the ORP of the alkaline water decreased to -212 mV, while the ORP of the acidic water increased to 350 mV. The ORP values ​​of the alkaline and acidic water were observed at different time intervals, and the graphs showed consistency across each batch.

[0076] Operating conditions: Raw water average pH: 7

[0077] Raw water average conductivity: 0.418mS / cm

[0078] Example 5: Continuous alkaline water electrolysis device using UF membrane at 36V The continuous AIW device used a UF membrane as the barrier and was operated at different voltages. Table 1 shows the daily performance of the electrolysis device, operated for up to 6 hours with alkaline and acidic flow rates maintained at 26.2 and 28.2 h, respectively. The pH of the alkaline and acidic water at various time intervals is shown in Figure 11. After 6 hours, the average pH of the alkaline and acidic water was 10.2 and 6.9, respectively. The pH increase rate was 2.0. After 120 hours of operation, the pH of the alkaline water was 9.8.

[0079] Operating conditions: Raw water average pH: 8.17

[0080] Raw water average conductivity: 0.40mS / cm

[0081] Electrodes used: Ru and Ir coated Ti electrodes

[0082] [Table 1]

[0083] Example 6: Continuous alkaline water electrolysis device using a membrane spacer as a barrier The performance of the cylindrical ionizer was evaluated by varying the voltage at 9, 12, 16, 18, and 24 V. Figure 12 shows that the pH of the alkaline water increases with increasing applied voltage. The maximum pH was 9.919 at 24 V and the minimum pH was 9.155 at 9 V, with an alkaline water flow rate of 10 L / h. The pH of the alkaline water obtained at various voltages is shown in Table 2.

[0084] Operating conditions: Barrier: Porous hydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate (PET spacer)

[0085] Electrodes used: Ruthenium-coated Ti electrode on the anode side, titanium electrode on the cathode side

[0086] Raw water average pH: 7.83

[0087] Raw water average conductivity: 0.437mS / cm

[0088] [Table 2]

[0089] Example 8: Effect of pH vs. time when electrode distance is reduced The experiment was conducted by shortening the electrode distance by 6 mm. Figure 13 shows the pH values ​​of the acidic and alkaline waters at various time intervals. After 6 hours, the average pH of the alkaline and acidic waters was 10.42 and 6.23, respectively. The corresponding ORP values ​​were -673.1 and 799 mV, respectively, and are shown in Table 3. The experiment was continued for 62 hours, with the pH of the alkaline water ranging from 9.5 to 10 and the pH of the acidic water ranging from 6 to 6.5.

[0090] Operating conditions: Barrier: Spacer

[0091] Interelectrode distance: 6mm

[0092] Raw water average pH: 7.4

[0093] Conductivity: 0.510mS / cm

[0094] ORP: 307.4mV

[0095] Applied voltage: 12.0V

[0096] Example 9: Effect of ORP vs. Time with Spacer at 12V In this study, the effect of ORP over time was investigated and is shown in Table 3. The average ORP for alkaline water was -673.1 mV up to 6 hours, and the ORP for acidic water was 799 mV. The ORP measurements for alkaline and acidic water were shown at different time intervals, and these measurements depended on the pH and conductivity of the raw water, as well as the flow rates of alkaline and acidic water.

[0097] [Table 3]

[0098] Example 10: Cost Estimation for Batch and Continuous AIW Equipment I) Batch-type AIW electrolysis equipment Capacity: 8L / h

[0099] Driving time per day: 2 hours

[0100] (a) Cost of capital [Table 4]

[0101] (b) Operating costs [Table 5]

[0102] II) Continuous AIW electrolysis equipment Capacity: 12L / h

[0103] Driving time per day: 1 hour

[0104] Capital Cost: [Table 6]

[0105] [Table 7]

[0106] Example 11: Analysis of Feed Water, Alkaline Water, and Acidic Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) The heavy metals present in the supply water (tap water), alkaline water, and acidic water were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The amounts of metals present in the water are shown in Table 4. Essential minerals such as Na, Ca, and Mg were higher in the alkaline water compared to the acidic water.

[0107] [Table 8]

[0108] [Effects of the invention] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: (a) The developed batch and continuous alkaline water ionizers are environmentally friendly and low-cost compared to conventional ionizers. (b) Drinking mineral-rich alkaline water neutralizes the acidic nature of the bloodstream, improving the body's ability to absorb essential nutrients and hydrate the body more quickly. (c) The developed mixed metal oxide-coated titanium electrode is highly stable even under long-term operation and high voltage (24–48 VDC). (d) The designed ionizer can produce alkaline water with a pH of 8 to 10, an ORP of -100 to -600 mV, and a water flow rate of 8 to 12 L / h. (e) There is zero waste of water from the ionizer as the alkaline water produced can be used for drinking and therapeutic purposes and the acidic water can be used for cleaning purposes such as removing waxes present especially in fruits and vegetables. (f) The capital cost of the developed ionizer is about one-tenth of that of commercially available devices, and the operating cost is about 1 rupee per liter of alkaline ionized water produced.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for producing potable alkaline ionized water (AIW) for therapeutic use from tap water, comprising: i. an anode chamber; ii. a cathode chamber; iii. A barrier between the chambers; iv. a titanium-based cathode electrode; v. a mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium anode electrode; vi. A DC adapter for connecting the two electrodes; An apparatus comprising:

2. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the barrier is two polymeric membranes selected from uniquely synthesized nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) polymeric membranes.

3. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the mixed metal oxide coated titanium anode electrode used is a perforated titanium electrode coated with ruthenium and iridium mixed metal oxide.

4. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the titanium-based cathode electrode is a titanium Grade II sheet without any coating.

5. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus / the apparatus for electrolysis is used for batch and continuous production of potable alkaline ionized water (AIW).

6. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alkaline ionized water (AIW) has a total dissolved solids content of less than 500 mg / L.

7. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the negative redox potential of alkaline ionized water (AIW) is in the range of −100 mV to −600 mV.

8. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the device produces alkaline ionized water that boosts immunity and provides protective and therapeutic effects against oxidative stress-related diseases, including type I and type II diabetes, cancer, acid reflux, renal failure, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and hemodialysis-related adverse effects.

9. A method for producing alkaline ionized water from tap water using the device according to claim 1, comprising: i. Pre-filtering tap water using activated carbon, sedimentation, UF pre-filter, and UV disinfection to obtain pre-filtered water; ii. charging the pre-filtered water obtained in step (i) into the two chambers of the apparatus for membrane-assisted batch and continuous water electrolysis; iii. Connecting the two electrodes to a DC adapter and applying a potential gradient between the two electrodes that promotes ion migration; iv. The migration of essential cations such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) into the cathode chamber; v. Anions such as carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate migrate to the anode compartment; vi. The water in the cathode chamber is alkaline ionized water that is rich in minerals and antioxidants and has a pH of 8.5 to 10.5 in batch mode and a pH of 9 to 9.5 in continuous mode; vii) The water in the anode chamber is depleted of ions to become acidic water with a pH of 6-7, which can be used for household cleaning and washing. A method comprising:

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the batch design provides 8 L / batch of alkaline ionized water, and each batch takes 30 to 60 minutes to produce alkaline ionized water with a pH of 8.5 to 9.0, while the continuous device uses low-cost materials to produce alkaline ionized water at a capacity of 12 L / h.

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