Multi-material golf club head with balanced performance characteristics

Abstract

A golf club head that achieves high performance through improved and / or balanced physical features and performance characteristics. The golf club head described herein has an I value at or near the acceptable limits. YY , I close to 1 XX / I YY ratio, and a club head CG position that is centered about the club head perimeter and on or near the loft vertical axis. The golf club head includes one or more structures that create discretionary mass that is redistributed to a rearward-most, sole-most heavy weight member and / or a central mass pad on or near the Y' axis.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross Reference Priority) This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-provisional Application No. 18 / 353,354, filed July 17, 2023, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 368,626, filed July 15, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 370,482, filed August 4, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 503,134, filed May 18, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0002] This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-provisional Application No. 18 / 450,359, filed August 15, 2023, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 371,449, filed August 15, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 510,076, filed June 23, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0003] This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 476,624, filed December 21, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 476,625, filed December 21, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 589,953, filed October 12, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to golf equipment, and more particularly to golf club heads. In particular, the present invention relates to driver-type golf club heads having a multi-material construction that balances physical features and / or performance characteristics. [Background technology]

[0005] Designing a golf club head, particularly a driver-type golf club head, typically requires balancing and / or maximizing several physical characteristics of the club head to achieve desired performance characteristics. For example, mass characteristics such as moment of inertia and center of gravity location affect performance characteristics such as forgiveness, ball speed, launch angle, and spin rate. The shape of the club head influences not only these mass characteristics but also the bending and aerodynamic characteristics of the club head. Bending characteristics can affect the amount of energy transferred between the golf club head and the golf ball, and aerodynamic characteristics can improve a particular player's swing speed and, ultimately, carry distance. Vibrations generated at impact give the golf club head a unique sound and feel. Additionally, golf club heads can be customized for individual players through the use of adjustable CG and / or loft and lie angles.

[0006] Some physical features and / or performance characteristics complement each other, such that improving a first feature or characteristic improves a second feature or characteristic. Other features and / or characteristics do not complement each other, such that improving a first feature or characteristic adversely affects a second feature or characteristic. Trade-offs between non-complementary features and / or characteristics must be considered. To achieve a high-performance club head, all relationships between features and / or characteristics must be considered and balanced, including trade-offs between non-complementary features and / or characteristics.

[0007] Traditionally, golf club head designs, particularly wood-type golf club heads, have attempted to increase the club head's moment of inertia to increase forgiveness and minimize ball speed loss on mishits. Most commonly, prior art club head designs have used an I YY A priority is given to increasing the moment of inertia (i.e., the moment of inertia about the Y-axis that runs vertically through the center of gravity of the club head). This is especially true for shots that are mishit on the heel or toe.YY This is because it contributes most to the performance and forgiveness of the club head. YY Priority is often given to other physical and / or performance characteristics at the expense of prior art clubhead designs. Furthermore, the USGA requires that the moment of inertia in any direction be 6000 g cm 2 Limited to. YY Since the MOI is often the largest MOI value for driver-type golf club heads, the USGA limits the MOI for driver-type club heads. YY The art is limited in its ability to maximize I at or near the USGA limit. YY 2) I YY There is a need for a driver-type golf club head that improves and balances the physical and performance characteristics associated with the driver. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 shows a front perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention.

[0009] [Figure 2] 2 shows a rear perspective view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0010] [Figure 3] 2 shows a front elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting the dimensions of the striking face.

[0011] [Figure 4] 2 shows a partially enlarged toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting the dimensions of the striking face.

[0012] [Figure 5] 2 shows a partially enlarged toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting other dimensions of the striking face.

[0013] [Figure 6] 2 shows a front elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1 with the coordinate axes of the club head highlighted.

[0014] [Figure 7] 2 shows a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1 with the coordinate axes of the club head highlighted.

[0015] [Figure 8] 2 illustrates a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting other coordinate axes of the club head.

[0016] [Figure 9] 2 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting the dimensions of the club head body.

[0017] [Figure 10] 2 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 1 with the imaginary central mass zone highlighted;

[0018] [Figure 11] 2 shows a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1 with the imaginary central mass zone highlighted;

[0019] [Figure 12] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention.

[0020] [Figure 13] 13 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 12.

[0021] [Figure 14] 13 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 12.

[0022] [Figure 15] 13 shows a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 12.

[0023] [Figure 16] 13 shows a heel side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 12.

[0024] [Figure 17] 13 shows a rear perspective view of the golf club head of FIG. 12, with some of the frame of the golf club head removed for clarity.

[0025] [Figure 18] 13 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 12, with some parts removed for easier viewing of the frame.

[0026] [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 12, with some parts removed for clarity of the frame.

[0027] [Figure 20A] FIG. 20A shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0028] [Figure 20B] 20B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 20A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0029] [Figure 20C] 20B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 20A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0030] [Figure 21A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0031] [Figure 21B]21B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 21A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0032] [Figure 21C] 21B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 21A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0033] [Figure 22A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0034] [Figure 22B] 22B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 22A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0035] [Figure 22C] 22B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 22A, with some parts removed to better show the frame and reinforcing features.

[0036] [Figure 23A] 1 illustrates an exploded front perspective view of a golf club head with a crown insert having reinforcing features in accordance with the present invention.

[0037] [Figure 23B] 23B shows an exploded rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 23A.

[0038] [Figure 24A] 1 illustrates an exploded front perspective view of a golf club head with a crown insert having reinforcing features in accordance with the present invention.

[0039] [Figure 24B] 23B shows an exploded rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 23A.

[0040] [Figure 25A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the sole insert with reinforcing features.

[0041] [Figure 25B] 25B illustrates a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 25A with portions removed to better show the sole insert with reinforcing features.

[0042] [Figure 26A] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0043] [Figure 26B] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0044] [Figure 26C] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0045] [Figure 27A] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0046] [Figure 27B] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0047] [Figure 27C] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0048] [Figure 28A]1 shows a front perspective view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0049] [Figure 28B] 1 shows a front perspective view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0050] [Figure 28C] 1 shows a front perspective view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show the crown insert with reinforcing features.

[0051] [Figure 29A] 1 illustrates a rear perspective view of a golf club head with portions removed to better show a frame with internal mass features.

[0052] [Figure 29B] 29B illustrates a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 29A with portions removed to better show the frame with the internal mass feature.

[0053] [Figure 30] FIG. 30 shows a bottom view of a golf club head with a sole insert having a recess in accordance with the present invention.

[0054] [Figure 31] FIG. 31 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention.

[0055] [Figure 32] 32 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 31.

[0056] [Figure 33] 32 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 31.

[0057] [Figure 34]FIG. 34 shows a rear perspective view of the golf club head of FIG. 31, with some parts removed for clarity of the frame.

[0058] [Figure 35] FIG. 35 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 31, with some parts removed for clarity of the frame.

[0059] [Figure 36] 37 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 36, with some parts removed to make the frame easier to see.

[0060] [Figure 37A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0061] [Figure 37B] 37B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 37A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0062] [Figure 37C] 37B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 37A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0063] [Figure 38A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0064] [Figure 38B] 38B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 38A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0065] [Figure 38C]38B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 38A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0066] [Figure 39A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0067] [Figure 39B] 39B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 39A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0068] [Figure 39C] 39B shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 39A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0069] [Figure 40A] 1 illustrates a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the sole insert with reinforcing features.

[0070] [Figure 40B] 40B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 40A with portions removed to better show the sole insert with internal reinforcing features.

[0071] [Figure 41] 1 shows a bottom view of a golf club head according to the present invention.

[0072] [Figure 42] 42 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 41, with some parts removed to make the frame easier to see.

[0073] [Figure 43]42 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 41, with some parts removed to make the frame easier to see.

[0074] [Figure 44] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head with a center insert according to the present invention.

[0075] [Figure 45] 45 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 44.

[0076] [Figure 46] 45 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 44.

[0077] [Figure 47] 45 shows a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 44.

[0078] [Figure 48] FIG. 48 shows a heel side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG.

[0079] [Figure 49] 45 shows a rear perspective view of the golf club head of FIG. 44, with some parts removed for clarity of the frame.

[0080] [Figure 50] 45 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 44, with some parts removed for easier viewing of the frame.

[0081] [Figure 51] 45 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 44, with some parts removed to make the frame easier to see.

[0082] [Figure 52A] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head according to the present invention, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0083] [Figure 52B] 52B shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 52A, with portions removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0084] [Figure 52C] 52B shows a sole view of the golf club head of FIG. 52A, partially removed to better show the frame with internal reinforcing features.

[0085] [Figure 53] 1 shows a rear perspective view of a golf club head with a center insert according to the present invention.

[0086] [Figure 54] FIG. 54 shows a top view of the golf club head of FIG. 53.

[0087] [Figure 55] 54 shows a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 53.

[0088] [Figure 56] 54 shows a toe-side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 53.

[0089] [Figure 57] 54 shows a heel side elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 53.

[0090] [Figure 58] 54 shows a front elevational view of the central insert of the golf club head of FIG. 53.

[0091] [Figure 59] 54 shows a close-up view of the central insert of FIG. 53.

[0092] [Figure 60] 54 shows a close-up view of the central insert of FIG. 53.

[0093] [Figure 61] 1 illustrates an exploded rear perspective view of a golf club head with an adjustable weighting system in accordance with the present invention.

[0094] [Figure 62] 62 shows a rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 61 with some parts removed to make the slots easier to see.

[0095] [Figure 63] 62 shows a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 61.

[0096] [Figure 64] 62 shows a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 61 with a position grid overlaid.

[0097] [Figure 65A] 2 shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting the lightweight shaft-receiving structure.

[0098] [Figure 65B] 2 shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, with portions removed to better show the lightweight shaft receiving structure.

[0099] [Figure 66] 2 shows a detailed front elevation view of the golf club head of FIG. 1, highlighting the hosel mass zone.

[0100] Other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0101] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawings show general structural aspects, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Further, elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the drawings may be exaggerated relative to other elements to facilitate understanding of embodiments of the present invention. The same reference numerals in different drawings refer to the same elements. definition

[0102] As used in the specification and claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. are intended to distinguish between similar elements and do not necessarily denote a particular order or chronological sequence. It should be understood that terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, such as when the embodiments described herein are capable of operating in orders other than those illustrated or otherwise set forth herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus comprising a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements but may include elements not expressly listed or other elements inherent in such process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus.

[0103] As used in this specification and claims, terms such as "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," and the like are for convenience of description and do not necessarily describe permanent relative positions. It is to be understood that such terms are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, for example, where the embodiments of the invention described herein are operable in orientations other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

[0104] As used herein, the terms "couple," "coupled," "coupled," and the like refer broadly to connecting one or more elements or signals electrically, mechanically, and / or otherwise.

[0105] The figures show various embodiments of golf clubs, which are generally understood to include a club head configured to receive a shaft, and further include a grip secured to the shaft.

[0106] 1-11 schematically illustrate various embodiments of a driver-type golf club head in various views. The features described below are explained with respect to golf club head 100. For ease of explanation, the features illustrated with respect to golf club head 100 are also applicable to various embodiments of club heads according to the present invention. Any one or more of the features described in the various embodiments below may be used in combination. Furthermore, different numbering schemes may be used for different embodiments (i.e., 1xx, 2xx, 3xx numbering schemes, etc.), but similar elements between embodiments are similarly numbered (i.e., golf club head 100 includes a crown 110 and a sole 112, while club head 200 includes a crown 210 and a sole 212).

[0107] The golf club head 100 includes a body 101 defining a substantially closed / hollow interior cavity 107. With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the body 101 defines a front end 108, a back end 111 opposite the front end 108, a heel end 104, and a toe end 106 opposite the heel end 104. The body 101 includes a striking face 102 near the front end 108, a crown 110 near the top of the club head, and a sole 112 near the bottom of the club head. The body 101 further includes a hosel 105 near the heel end 104 for receiving either a shaft or an adjustable hosel feature.

[0108] The body 101 further defines a body perimeter that defines a transition between the crown 110 and the sole 112. The body perimeter is defined by a series of points around the perimeter of the golf club head 100, each of which is tangent to a line drawn perpendicular to the ground contact surface 10 when the golf club head 100 is in the address position (defined below). The body perimeter separates the crown 110 and the sole 112 such that the crown 110 is visible when the golf club head 100 is viewed from the top with the golf club head 100 in the address position. Similarly, the sole 112 is visible when the golf club head 100 is viewed from the bottom with the golf club head 100 in the address position. The body perimeter defines the change from the crown surface to the sole surface at any point on the body 101 except the striking face 102, by a curved transition surface.

[0109] A Perimeter Centroid (PC) is defined relative to the body perimeter. The Perimeter Centroid (PC) is the geometric center of the body perimeter measured in plan view. The Perimeter Centroid (PC) is shown in Figure 9.

[0110] The crown 110 is the upwardly facing portion of the body 101. The crown 110 is defined as the portion of the body 101 above the body perimeter, excluding the striking face 102. The crown 110 borders the perimeter at the back end 111, the heel end 104, and the toe end 106. The crown 110 borders the upper edge 118 of the striking face 102 at the front end 108. Referring to FIG. 3 , the crown 110 defines a body apex (BA), which is the highest point of the body 101. In certain embodiments including surface features disposed on the crown 110, the body apex (BA) may be located at the surface feature. The crown 110 further defines a crown surface area, measured along the curved surface of the crown 110, including any surface features. The crown surface area is measured within the boundaries of the crown 110, including the surface area of ​​the hosel 105.

[0111] The sole 112 is the portion of the golf club head 100 that faces downward, toward the ground. The sole 112 is defined as the portion of the golf club head 100 below the perimeter of the body, excluding the striking face 102. Referring to FIG. 3 , the sole 112 defines a body bottom point (BN), which is the lowest point of the body 101. The sole 112 further defines a sole surface area, which is measured along the curved surface of the sole 112, including any surface features. The sole surface area is measured within the boundary of the sole 112.

[0112] The striking face is the surface configured to strike a golf ball. The striking face 102 is bounded by an outer edge referred to as the "striking face perimeter." The striking face perimeter is defined as where the curvature of the golf club head 100 deviates from the bulge curvature and / or roll curvature (defined below) of the striking face 102. Referring to FIG. 3 , the striking face perimeter includes at least an upper edge 118 and a leading edge 103. The upper edge 118 is the crown-most portion of the striking face perimeter and defines the transition from the striking face 102 to the crown 110. The upper edge 118 defines a face apex (FA) located at the intersection of the upper edge 118 and a YZ plane (described below). The leading edge 103 is the sole-most portion of the striking face perimeter and defines the transition from the striking face 102 to the sole 112. The leading edge 103 defines a face bottom point (FN) located at the intersection of the leading edge 103 and the YZ plane. The striking face periphery further defines a face heel apex (FHA), which is the heel-most point of the striking face periphery, and a face toe apex (FTA), which is the toe-most point of the striking face periphery. The striking face 102 defines a face center (FC), which is the geometric center point of the striking face periphery, as shown in FIG. 3. The face center (FC) may be located according to the definition of a golf governing body, such as the United States Golf Association (USGA).

[0113] The golf club head 100 defines a contact surface 10 as a reference surface corresponding to the surface on which a golf ball rests. The contact surface 10 is a horizontal plane that contacts the sole 112 at address. The contact surface 10 is shown in FIG. 3.

[0114] The golf club head 100 defines a loft plane 15 as a plane tangent to the face center (FC). The loft plane 15 is shown in FIG.

[0115] Golf club head 100 defines a loft angle 20 as the angle measured between loft plane 15 and the XY plane (defined below). Loft angle 20 is shown in FIG.

[0116] Golf club head 100 defines a lie angle 25 as the angle between hosel axis 30 extending through hosel 105 and ground plane 10. Lie angle 25 is measured in a front view of golf club head 100, as shown in FIG.

[0117] The golf club head 100 may define an address position, where the golf club head 100 assumes an orientation such that the golf club head 100 defines a desired loft angle 20 and lie angle 25. For example, at the address position, the loft plane 15 and the XY plane define the desired loft angle 20 therebetween. Similarly, at the address position, the hosel axis 30 and the ground plane 10 define the desired lie angle 25 therebetween.

[0118] As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the golf club head 100 defines a primary coordinate system centered at the face center (FC). The primary coordinate system includes an X-axis 40, a Y-axis 50, and a Z-axis 60. The X-axis 40 extends in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the contact surface 10. The X-axis 40 is positive toward the heel end 104 and negative toward the toe end 106. The Y-axis 50 extends in a crown-sole direction and is perpendicular to both the contact surface 10 and the X-axis 40. The Y-axis 50 is positive toward the crown 110 and negative toward the sole 112. The Z-axis 60 extends in a front-to-back direction parallel to the contact surface 10 and is perpendicular to both the X-axis 40 and the Y-axis 50. The Z-axis 60 is positive toward the striking face 102 and negative toward the rear end 111.

[0119] The primary coordinate system described herein defines an XY plane as a vertical plane extending along the X-axis 40 and the Y-axis 50. The primary coordinate system defines an XZ plane as a horizontal plane extending along the X-axis 40 and the Z-axis 60. The primary coordinate system further defines a YZ plane as a vertical plane extending along the Y-axis 50 and the Z-axis 60. The XY, XZ, and YZ planes are all orthogonal to one another and intersect at the origin of the primary coordinate system located at the face center (FC). In these or other embodiments, the golf club head 100 may be considered to be viewed from the front when the striking face 102 is viewed perpendicular to the XY plane. Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the golf club head 100 may be considered to be viewed from the side or in a side cross-sectional view when the heel end 104 or the toe end 106 is viewed perpendicular to the YZ plane.

[0120] The striking face 102 has a striking face height (H SF ) is defined. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the striking face height (H SF ) is measured parallel to the loft plane 15 between the face bottom point (FN) and the face top point (FA).

[0121] The striking face 102 has a striking face width (W SF), which refers to the horizontal distance measured across the striking face 102 in a heel-to-toe direction. SF ) is measured parallel to the contact patch 10 between the face-heel apex (FHA) and the face-to-toe apex (FTA).

[0122] The striking face 102 has a face center height (H FC ) is defined. Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the face center height (H FC ) is measured perpendicular to the contact surface 10 between the contact surface 10 and the face center (FC).

[0123] The striking face 102 comprises a bulge curvature and a roll curvature. The bulge curvature is the curvature of the striking face in a heel-to-toe direction. The roll curvature is the curvature of the striking face in a crown-sole direction. The bulge curvature and the roll curvature each comprise a bulge radius and a roll radius that define a radius of curvature corresponding to the bulge curvature and the roll curvature, respectively. The bulge curvature and / or the roll curvature may comprise one or more radii.

[0124] The golf club head 100 has a body depth (D B ), where the depth refers to the anterior-posterior dimension measured through the body 101. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 9, the body depth (D B ) is measured parallel to the Z axis 60 from the leading edge 103 to the rearmost point 117 of the body 101.

[0125] The golf club head 100 has a body height (H B ), which refers to the dimension measured through the body 101 in the crown-sole direction. Referring to FIG. 3, the body height (H B ) can be measured as the vertical distance (parallel to the Y-axis 50) between the ground plane 10 and the body apex (BA). In many embodiments, the body height (H B) can be measured according to golf's governing bodies, such as the United States Golf Association (USGA).

[0126] The golf club head 100 has a body width (W B ), which refers to the dimension measured through the body 101 in the heel-to-toe direction. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 9, the body width (W B The body width (W ) can be measured parallel to the X-axis 40 from the body heel apex (BHA) to the body toe apex (BTA). The body toe apex (BTA) is defined as the most toe-side point of the body 101. The body heel apex (BHA) is the most heel-side point of the heel end 104, located 0.875 mm above the ground contact surface 10. In many embodiments, the body width (W B ) can be measured according to golf governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). B ), body height (H B ), and body width (W B The ranges prescribed for ( ) may be set in accordance with USGA regulations.

[0127] The golf club head 100 has a club head CG, which refers to a point located at the center of mass within the golf club head 100. The club head CG is shown in FIGS.

[0128] The club head CG position can be described in relation to a primary coordinate system, where the club head CG position is characterized by its position along the X-axis 40, its position along the Y-axis 50, and its position along the Z-axis 60. X The term "CG height" may refer to the club head CG location along the X-axis 40 measured from the face center (FC). The term "CG height" may refer to the club head CG location along the Y-axis 50 measured from the face center (FC). Y The term "CG depth" may refer to the club head CG location along the Z axis 60 as measured from the face center (FC). ZThe term "CG depth" may be synonymous with CG depth. Alternatively, the club head CG location may be described in relation to the leading edge 103, the ground contact patch 10, or other reference point, plane, or coordinate system.

[0129] The golf club head 100 further includes a secondary coordinate system centered at the club head CG. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the secondary coordinate system includes an X' axis 70, a Y' axis 80, and a Z' axis 90. The X' axis 70 extends in a heel-to-toe direction. The X' axis 70 is positive toward the heel end 104 and negative toward the toe end 106. The Y' axis 80 extends in a sole-to-crown direction and is perpendicular to both the Z' axis 90 and the X' axis 70. The Y' axis 80 is positive toward the crown 110 and negative toward the sole 112. The Z' axis 90 extends in a front-to-back direction parallel to the ground contact surface 10 and is perpendicular to both the X' axis 70 and the Y' axis 80. The Z' axis 90 is positive toward the striking face 102 and negative toward the rear end 111.

[0130] The golf club head 100 has one or more moment of inertia values ​​(hereinafter "club head MOI") relative to a secondary coordinate system. XX The term "I" may refer to the club head MOI measured about the X' axis 70. YY The term "I" may refer to the club head MOI measured about the Y' axis 80. ZZ The term "MOI" may refer to the club head MOI measured about the Z' axis 90.

[0131] 8, the golf club head 100 further includes a loft vertical axis 35 that intersects the face center (FC) and extends perfectly perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the loft plane 15. As used herein, "nearly perpendicular" with respect to the loft vertical axis 35 provides a range of allowable angles for the loft vertical axis 35 relative to the loft plane 15. Rather than being perfectly perpendicular to the loft plane 15, in some embodiments the loft vertical axis 35 may lie in the YZ plane but be tilted upward (i.e., toward the crown 110) by up to 4° from the face center (FC). In some embodiments, loft vertical axis 35 may be tilted from a "perfectly vertical" orientation (loft vertical axis 35 tilt of 0°) by 0.1° to 0.5°, 0.5° to 1.0°, 1.0° to 1.5°, 1.5° to 2.0°, 2.0° to 2.5°, 2.5° to 3.0°, 3.0° to 3.5°, or 3.5° to 4.0°. The allowable range of orientations for loft vertical axis 35 accounts for the frictional forces acting on the golf ball in a crown-sole direction parallel to the striking face 102 at impact.

[0132] Before describing embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0133] Described herein are golf club heads that achieve high performance by improving and / or balancing physical features and performance characteristics. The primary performance characteristics, ball speed and forgiveness, are primarily determined by the club head MOI and CG location. In the golf club heads described herein, I YY is at or near the acceptable limit, and I XX / I YYThe ratio is close to 1, and the club head CG location is centered around the club head perimeter and located on or near the loft vertical axis 35. In the golf club heads described herein, discretionary mass is created by one or more lightweight composite inserts and distributed to a rearward-most, sole-side heavy weight member and / or a central mass pad located on or near the Y' axis. Furthermore, ball velocity is determined by the impact face height (H SF ) and thickness, and forgiveness can be determined by the bulge curvature and roll curvature of the striking face.

[0134] The golf club head further enhances performance by balancing ball speed and forgiveness with features and / or characteristics that affect the golfer's experience using the golf club head. Such features and characteristics include aerodynamic features that increase a player's swing speed, customizable CG, loft angle 20, and / or lie angle 25. While all of the physical features and performance characteristics described herein contribute to performance, the MOI and CG characteristics described above take precedence.

[0135] Especially I YY To increase the value, the club head has a multi-material construction with a frame and one or more lightweight composite inserts. YY By using discretionary mass created by lightweight composite inserts to center the clubhead CG around the perimeter, I YY In many embodiments, the multi-material construction of the golf club head can increase the 2 Exceeding I YY can be obtained.

[0136] I YY For golf club heads where I is at or near the limit, IXX Tolerance can be further improved by increasing I. XX Increasing I YY The overall forgiveness of a golf club head can be expressed as the ratio of Ixx to Iyy. XX / I YY A ratio of 1 indicates that the MOI about the X' axis 70 is equal to the MOI about the Y' axis 80. Furthermore, I YY is the acceptable limit, then to comply with the USGA MOI limits, the maximum desired I XX / I YY The ratio is 1. I XX / I YY When balancing the ratio with other physical parameters, many of the golf club heads disclosed herein have an I of 0.77 to 1. XX / I YY The golf club head has a ratio of I XX / I YY The golf club head may have various features or characteristics to bring the ratio closer to 1, including, but not limited to, the multi-material construction described above, a cube-like body shape, large body dimensions, large club head volume, one or more heavy weight members connected to the rear and / or sole portions of the body, one or more internal mass pads located in strategic locations, and / or a mass distribution in which 5% to 15% of the golf club head mass is located within a central mass zone (CMZ) centered about the Y' axis 80.

[0137] Ball velocity is primarily determined by the efficiency with which the golf club head transfers force to the golf ball at impact. Improved force transfer can be achieved by positioning the club head CG substantially along a loft vertical axis 35, which extends perpendicular to the loft plane 15 and is tangent to the face center (FC). In many embodiments described herein, the golf club head has a club head CG located within 0.150 inches of the loft vertical axis 35. The golf club head may have various features or characteristics for positioning the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35, including a multi-material construction with one or more lightweight composite inserts, a heavy weight member located below the loft vertical axis 35, a face center height (H) greater than 1.17 inches to raise the loft vertical axis 35, and the like. FC ), face center height to body height ratio (H FC / H B ), and / or one or more internal mass pads located below the club head CG.

[0138] In the golf club head described herein, YY is at or near the tolerance limit, and I XX / I YY Not only does the ratio approach 1 and the club head CG location remain centered relative to the club head perimeter and on or near the loft vertical axis 35, but other features and / or characteristics are balanced to further enhance ball speed and forgiveness and / or affect the golfer's experience using the golf club head.

[0139] As noted above, ball velocity is also dependent on the energy transfer between the striking face and the golf ball at impact. Such energy transfer can be improved by making the striking face relatively short and thin (hereinafter referred to as a "shallow" striking face). A shallow striking face increases energy transfer and ball velocity without exceeding the USGA Characteristic Time (hereinafter referred to as "CT"). As disclosed herein, the striking face height (H SF ) between 1.40 inches and 1.80 inches and an average striking face thickness between 0.085 inches and 0.110 inches can improve the energy transfer of the striking face.

[0140] The golf club head may further include a striking face with optimal bulge and roll curvatures to further enhance forgiveness. XX , I YY The bulge and roll curvatures can be tailored to a golf club head based on the physical characteristics of the golf club head, including the center of gravity (CG) position, and / or other club head features and characteristics. The golf club head may satisfy one or more bulge or roll radius relationships to maximize distance and forgiveness. The bulge and roll radii of the golf club head of the present invention counteract the gear effect imparted to the golf ball on off-center hits. By providing a bulge and roll radii that match the physical characteristics of the golf club head, a more forgiving and higher performance golf club head can be achieved.

[0141] The aerodynamic characteristics of a golf club head affect the amount of wind resistance a player experiences when swinging a golf club. Altering the overall shape of the club head, including the shape of the crown and body, can reduce wind resistance and therefore improve the aerodynamic profile of the golf club head. In some embodiments, the crown may include one or more aerodynamic features, such as turbulators, that further reduce the drag acting on the golf club head during a golf swing.

[0142] In many embodiments, the golf club head includes an adjustable weighting system that provides CG adjustability. CG adjustability allows players who tend to miss shots in a particular direction to correct shot curvature (i.e., make the ball go right or left). The adjustable weighting system may include one or more weight members that can be secured to multiple discrete attachment points, each of which provides a different club head CG position for various shot shapes. The adjustable weighting system allows for the club head CG to be adjusted between the discrete attachment points. X Not only can you move the position 0.50" to 0.90", but I XX and I YY The reduction of 200 g cm 2 The golf club head thus achieves a CGZ of substantially 0.50 inches without compromising MOI. X The weight member may have various features and characteristics that allow adjustment of the weight, including, but not limited to, an adjustable weight member greater than 30 grams, a weight member receiving structure having a slot length less than 2.0 inches, and / or a distance between adjacent discrete attachment points less than 0.60 inches.

[0143] The golf club head designs described herein not only consider the above-mentioned physical features and performance characteristics individually, but also consider the relationships between these physical features and performance characteristics. This provides a holistic approach to driver-type golf club head design, balancing the complementarities and trade-offs between various factors to result in a high-performance club head. The relationships between these physical features and performance characteristics, and specific designs that balance all relevant factors to improve the performance of the golf club head, are described in further detail below. The golf club head embodiments described herein may be configured to balance all of the above-mentioned physical features and performance characteristics, or to balance a subset of them. I. Physical Characteristics, Performance Characteristics, and Their Relationships a. Moment of inertia

[0144] The club head moment of inertia (hereinafter referred to as "club head MOI") is an important factor in providing a forgiving golf club head. Golf club heads, particularly driver-type golf club heads, are generally optimized for impacts at or near the face center (FC). A forgiving golf club head reacts to an off-center hit (i.e., an impact between the club head and the golf ball at a position away from the face center (FC)) as if it were a center hit (i.e., an impact between the club head and the golf ball at or near the face center (FC)). Compared to an off-center hit with a less forgiving golf club head, a more forgiving golf club head will produce an off-center hit that behaves more like a center hit.

[0145] Off-center hits generally result in lower ball speeds and accuracy. On off-center hits, the force of impact generates angular acceleration that rotates the golf club head around the club head center point. Energy loss from this rotation and transfer of rotation to the golf ball reduces the amount of energy transferred to the golf ball, resulting in a loss of ball speed. Furthermore, the rotation of the golf club head creates a "gear effect," which spins the ball in the opposite direction to the rotation of the striking face. Off-center hits on the heel or toe side of the face center (FC) contribute to a "side spin gear effect," which causes the golf ball to curve left or right in the air. The side spin gear effect causes the golf shot to land away from the intended target line (i.e., an "offline" shot). Off-center hits on the crown or sole side of the face center (FC) contribute to a "backspin gear effect." The backspin gear effect can result in a golf shot with too much or too little backspin. A golf shot with too much backspin tends to "bounce" in the air rather than travel a sharp, forward trajectory. A golf shot with too little backspin tends to drop out of the air because there isn't enough spin to give the golf ball lift. Therefore, the backspin gear effect caused by hits on the crown or sole side leads to a loss of distance. Often, off-center hits occur away from the face center (FC) in both the heel / toe and crown / sole directions. Such golf shots experience both the side spin gear effect and the backspin gear effect, resulting in a golf shot that is not only offline but also has a shorter distance.

[0146] As mentioned above, the loss of ball speed and accuracy on off-center hits is caused by the angular acceleration of the golf club head about the club head CG. A club head with a higher MOI resists this rotation, resulting in a more forgiving club that reduces the loss of ball speed and accuracy on off-center hits.

[0147] Regarding MOI, the golf club head described has: 1) an MOI of 1 YY 2) maximize I XX / I YY By bringing the ratio closer to 1, performance is improved. YY is dependent on the mass distribution relative to the Y'-axis 80. One or more lightweight composite inserts or any other mass reduction structures described herein create discretionary mass that can be used in strategic locations throughout the club head, thereby improving MOI. Embodiments of these lightweight composite inserts and mass reduction structures are described in more detail below.

[0148] In the golf club head described herein, YY Discretionary mass is located at the club head periphery to maximize the club head's axial mass. In particular, mass may be removed from the club head mid-section (MS) near the Y' axis 80 and relocated near the body periphery. The multi-material golf club heads described herein are YY The club may have sufficient weight around the perimeter to bring the club head to or near the USGA limit. YY is at or near the USGA limit, the I of the golf club head XX / I YY This increases the ratio and provides more tolerance. YY without exceeding the allowable limit, I XX needs to be increased.

[0149] In golf club heads XX / I YY There are several ways to increase the ratio: The golf club head may have a club head CG location that is approximately centered relative to the body perimeter, thereby centering the Y' axis 80 relative to the body, thereby increasing the I YYTherefore, all of the mass near the perimeter of the body is more evenly distributed away from the Y' axis 80. By centering the club head CG relative to the perimeter of the body, less discretionary mass is required to increase the perimeter weight, so I XX / I YY More discretionary mass can be placed where the ratio approaches 1. In many prior art golf club heads, the club head CG is located significantly forward of the club head's perimeter centroid (PC). By removing mass from the front of the golf club head and adding mass to the rear, the CG moves rearward, locating it at the center of the body perimeter and the club head's I. XX / I YY The ratio becomes larger.

[0150] Furthermore, by placing the discretionary mass close to the Y' axis 80, I XX / I YY Prior art club heads with a club head CG that is not centered relative to the body perimeter typically have an I YY To maximize the CG, all of the available discretionary mass is located as far as possible from the Y' axis 80. The golf club head of the present invention, having an advantageous club head CG location that is centered relative to the body periphery, achieves the following: YY Although it does not contribute significantly to XX The excess discretionary mass (i.e., I YY The golf club head has discretionary mass near the Y' axis 80 and away from the X' axis 70. In many embodiments, the excess discretionary mass may be reintroduced into the center of the crown or sole.

[0151] Furthermore, if the golf club head is cube-shaped, I XX / I YY The "cube-shaped" body shape in this specification means that the body height (H B ) is the body width (W B) and body depth (D B ) is a substantial ratio. The body shape dictates where the club head mass can be located. A cube profile moves the crown mass and sole mass further away from the X' axis 70, while their locations relative to the Y' axis 80 remain unchanged. Therefore, the crown mass and sole mass cause I YY Without increasing XX becomes larger. b.Transmission of force

[0152] The launch characteristics of a golf ball at impact (i.e., ball speed, launch angle, spin rate, etc.) depend on the transfer of force between the golf club head and the golf ball. The location of the club head CG relative to the golf club head shape determines how efficiently that force transfer occurs. As discussed above, a golf club head has a loft vertical axis 35. The loft vertical axis 35 determines the optimal club head CG position for force transfer. The launch characteristics of a golf ball depend on the relationship between the loft vertical axis 35 and the club head CG. To optimize force transfer, it is desirable for the club head CG to be located on or near the loft vertical axis 35. The closer the club head CG is to the loft vertical axis 35, the more efficiently force is transferred between the golf club head and the golf ball at impact.

[0153] The face center (FC) represents the average and / or target impact location for a golf shot. Because the loft vertical axis 35 extends perpendicular to the loft plane 15, a club head CG positioned on the loft vertical axis 35 is projected directly onto the face center (FC), and the impact force is transmitted along a vector approximately perpendicular to the striking face (i.e., in the shot direction). Conversely, a club head CG positioned away from the loft vertical axis 35 is projected onto the striking face at a location away from the face center (FC). In this case, a center hit imparts a side force vector that dissipates energy in a direction other than the shot direction, reducing the efficiency of force transmission. Furthermore, the side vector may impart excessive spin to the ball in a lateral or vertical direction. If the club head CG is positioned above the loft vertical axis 35, a center hit results in a backspin gear effect on the golf ball. If the club head CG is positioned below the loft vertical axis 35, a center hit results in a topspin gear effect on the golf ball.

[0154] According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, the club head CG is located on or near the loft vertical axis 35 to maximize force transfer in the shot direction and minimize power lost to side vectors. Locating the club head CG near the loft vertical axis 35 improves launch characteristics (i.e., higher ball speeds, a desirable launch angle that results in a sharper trajectory, and a spin rate that provides lift to the golf ball without causing the ball to balloon in the air). All of these factors contribute to a golf shot with better distance. Furthermore, as long as the distance between the club head CG and the loft vertical axis 35 remains the same, moving the club head CG relative to the rest of the golf club head will not substantially change the launch characteristics.

[0155] The club head has a lowered CG towards the loft vertical axis 35. By distributing more mass to the lower region (LH) (defined as the portion of the golf club head below the plane defined by the loft vertical axis 35), the club head CG position can be lowered relative to the loft vertical axis 35. B ), the club head CG position can also be lowered relative to the loft vertical axis 35. Raising the face center (FC) essentially raises the loft vertical axis 35 relative to the body and the ground plane 10. As a result, the club head CG does not need to be lowered as much (relative to the ground plane 10) to reach the loft vertical axis 35. Furthermore, raising the loft vertical axis 35 relative to the body essentially places more of the club head's mass and volume in the lower region (LH), thereby improving the alignment between the club head CG and the loft vertical axis 35.

[0156] The club head balances the club head CG position with the MOI. The club head CG being located on or near the loft vertical axis 35 results in a large I. XX / I YY As mentioned above, moving the club head CG backward toward the outer perimeter centroid (PC) XX / I YY The ratio increases. Because the loft vertical axis 35 slopes downward toward the rear end of the golf club head, the further back the club head CG is moved, the more difficult it is to keep the club head CG close to the loft vertical axis 35. The further back the club head CG position is, the lower the club head CG must be positioned relative to the ground plane 10 to maintain it close to the loft vertical axis 35. The golf club head balances force transfer and club head MOI by moving the club head CG backward toward the perimeter centroid (PC) without excessively moving the club head CG backward (which could make it significantly more difficult to lower the club head CG toward the loft vertical axis 35).

[0157] Furthermore, as mentioned above, the cube-shaped body shape is XX / I YY However, with a cube-shaped body, the body height (H B ), a large amount of mass is located in the crown and / or rearward portion of the golf club head. Therefore, the cube-shaped body shape raises the club head CG above the loft vertical axis 35. Lowering the club head CG by concentrating mass in the lower region (LH), such as with mass pads and / or weight elements, mitigates the upward shift caused by the cube-shaped body shape. c. Energy transfer through the striking face

[0158] Ball speed at impact is largely determined by the energy transferred between the striking face and the golf ball. The energy transfer between the striking face and the golf ball is related to the striking face's ability to bend or flex upon impact. The striking face can be likened to the surface of a drum or a trampoline. Generally, the larger and thinner the striking face, the more it can flex, resulting in faster ball speed. However, the deflection of the striking face is limited by the USGA conforming limits set for CT values.

[0159] The golf club head has a very short hitting face height (H SF ) and a striking face with a small striking face thickness (hereinafter referred to as a "shallow" striking face), which produces high ball speeds while maintaining a suitable CT value. SF By adjusting both the face height (H ) and the hitting face thickness, the ball speed and CT value of the golf club head can be changed. Specifically, if the hitting face height is reduced, the ball speed will decrease and the CT value will decrease, and if the hitting face thickness is reduced, the ball speed will increase and the CT value will increase. However, by changing the face thickness, the face height (H SF), the ball speed increases with increasing CT value. Therefore, the impact face height (H SF ) allows for a smaller striking face thickness, which results in a net increase in ball speed for the same CT value.

[0160] The golf club head has a shallow hitting face, YY To maximize I XX / I YY The MOI is a balance between maximizing the ratio and positioning the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. With respect to MOI, having a shallow hitting face is primarily due to the large I XX / I YY It does not provide a ratio. SF ) is reduced, the body height (H B ) is smaller. Therefore, providing a shallow hitting face simultaneously makes it more difficult to achieve a cube-like body shape. However, a shallow hitting face has the advantage of discretionary mass. A shallow hitting face reduces the hitting face height (H SF The reduced dimensions of the strike face thickness and strike face thickness increase discretionary mass, requiring less material to form the strike face. The mass saved by these adjustments can be redistributed to position the club head CG more rearward, as discussed above, to improve the club head MOI and other mass characteristics. For example, the mass saved by providing a shallow strike face (as discussed above) can be used to achieve a club head MOI within the limits established by the USGA. YY and / or according to an embodiment of the present invention, XX / I YY The ratio can be increased.

[0161] Hitting face height (H SFProviding a shallow striking face also does not optimize club head force transfer, since a smaller face center height (H ) typically results in a lower face center (FC). Because the loft vertical axis 35 is defined by the face center (FC), lowering the face center (FC) also lowers the loft vertical axis 35. This can make it more difficult to position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. As will be discussed in more detail below, a club head with a large face center height (H ) typically results in a lower face center (FC). FC ) while maintaining a shallow hitting face. SF / H FC ) mitigates the negative effect of a shallow face on clubhead CG location. d.Aerodynamic characteristics

[0162] Aerodynamic characteristics also affect the performance of a golf club head. The more aerodynamic the golf club head, the faster a user can swing the golf club, resulting in greater ball speed and distance. As air flows around the golf club head during a golf swing, a wake, or turbulent airflow area, is created behind the club head. The wake often creates drag on the golf club head, slowing the golf club head during the swing. The shape of the body, particularly the crown shape, affects the aerodynamic characteristics of a golf club head by changing the airflow and wake profile around the golf club head and by changing the overall air resistance the golf club head experiences during the swing. In general, drag is reduced when the airflow follows a longer length of the body, such as by diverging as close to the rear of the golf club head as possible rather than diverging at the front of the golf club head.

[0163] The golf club head has a better aerodynamic profile and less drag. Primarily, the golf club head has one or more aerodynamic features in the crown, such as turbulators (described in more detail below), to control the airflow over the crown. In particular, such aerodynamic features can cause the airflow to "trip" from laminar to turbulent immediately or shortly after it moves into the crown, thereby causing the air to flow along the crown for a longer period of time. Depending on the aerodynamic features, the optimal aerodynamic crown profile changes. Golf club heads without aerodynamic features have a shallow crown angle (α C ) (i.e., an angle of 90° or close to 90°) is optimal because a shallow crown angle (α C ) encourages laminar airflow along the shaft. For golf club heads that include aerodynamic features, a steeper crown angle (α C ) (i.e., less than about 80°) is optimal because the steeper crown angle (α C However, the crown angle (α C If the crown angle (α) is too steep (i.e., less than about 60°), the airflow will not be directed as smoothly as it should. C ) and aerodynamic features. The body may also have a gradual or elongated transition between the striking face and the crown. Generally, aerodynamic features (such as turbulators) and a steep crown angle (α C ) combined with a gradual transition between the striking face and crown slows down the airflow divergence. Finally, the body has a fairly large body depth (D B ) and the body depth (D B ) is large, the body height (H B ) can be gradually reduced toward the rear of the golf club head, so that the crown angle (α C ) becomes flatter, making it easier for airflow to flow.

[0164] The aerodynamic characteristics of the golf club head are determined by the best club head CG position on or near the loft vertical axis 35, as described above, and the maximum IYY , I close to 1 XX / I YY It is balanced with other physical features such as a 1 / 4" (1 / 4) ratio and a shallow striking face. It is close to the USGA's acceptable limit. YY A club head with a high MOI usually necessarily has a large volume with large body dimensions. Such a large golf club head has a large surface area that increases air resistance during a golf swing. However, improving the aerodynamic properties of a golf club head generally requires an MOI close to 1. XX / I YY As mentioned above, the cube-shaped body shape results in an I ratio close to 1. XX / I YY The cube-shaped body shape also results in a crown angle (α C ) is more likely to be within the optimal range, making it easier for the airflow to be aligned.

[0165] The aerodynamic crown profiles described above do not typically result in a club head CG position on or near the loft vertical axis 35. The optimal aerodynamic crown angle (α C ) places more mass in the crown and / or rearward portions of the golf club head, raising the club head CG away from the loft vertical axis 35. Aerodynamic features described herein, such as turbulators, can increase the crown angle (α C ) can be made steeper. Although such aerodynamic features add mass to the crown, their effect on clubhead CG is usually negligible. In some cases, the aerodynamic features can reduce drag enough that the aerodynamic crown angle (α C ) may be given priority over the club head CG position.

[0166] A gradual transition between the striking face and the crown can enhance the energy transfer between the striking face and the golf ball. The more gradual the transition between the striking face and the crown, the greater the striking face height (H SF ) can be reduced. SF A smaller .DELTA.) reduces the protruding area of ​​the front of the golf club head, which helps with aerodynamics, thereby reducing air resistance during the golf swing. e.CG adjustment function

[0167] In many cases, it is desirable to be able to adjust the club head CG position. By adjusting the club head CG position, players who tend to miss their shots in a particular direction can correct the shot curvature (i.e., make the ball go right or left). Generally, for a driver impact with a ball speed of 150 mph, the CG is X Every 0.01 inch of movement will correct shot curvature by approximately 1 yard. Generally, it is desirable to correct shot curvature by up to 3-10 yards in either direction along the X-axis 40. The ability to adjust the clubhead CG position also allows for the clubhead CG to be positioned at impact specific to players who tend to strike the ball on one side of the striking face rather than near the face center (FC). In these cases, the CG X By aligning the position to a player's specific impact position, the player's average ball speed can be increased.

[0168] Typically, adjustable weighting systems are used to adjust club head CG, allowing for the movement of a weight element (or elements) to various positions and / or locations along the body. However, these systems suffer from two primary drawbacks. Adjustable weighting systems require a weight-receiving structure to support the weight elements. A large weight-receiving structure requires additional structural mass, thereby reducing the discretionary mass available for increasing MOI or improving other physical and / or performance characteristics. Furthermore, as discussed above, to improve club head MOI, it is desirable to move the club head CG rearward to reach the perimeter centroid (PC). Therefore, it may be desirable to position the weight elements in a rearward position along the body perimeter. However, because the body perimeter is curved, moving the weight elements in the direction of the X-axis 40 requires moving the weight elements along an arc that substantially follows the body perimeter. Moving the weight elements along this arc in the direction of the X-axis 40 (hereinafter "CG") increases the CG. X The more the weight member moves along the X-axis 40, the more the weight member moves forward along the Z-axis 60, which causes the club head CG to move forward and reduces the club head MOI. If the adjustable weighting system is located on the perimeter of the body, the more the weight member moves along the X-axis 40, the more the weight member moves forward along the Z-axis 60. The desired CG X To allow for movement, an adjustable weight system must have either a heavy weight member that moves a short distance along a short arc, or a light weight member that moves a long distance along a long arc.

[0169] In many embodiments, the golf club head has an adjustable club head CG to keep the club head CG position on or near the loft vertical axis 35 and maintain a high club head MOI through all weight member placements. In many embodiments, the golf club head has an adjustable weighting system with a very heavy weight member located in a small arc weight housing structure at the rearmost and sole-most position of the golf club head. The use of a heavy weight member allows for a high CG without requiring significant movement of the weight member along the X-axis 40. X Compared to a weighted system with a lighter weight element, a heavier weight element can move the clubhead's CG in the same way. X This allows the weight member to be housed within a very small arc-shaped housing structure and still maintain its rearmost position even at different adjustment positions.

[0170] The golf club head balances the club head CG adjustability with the other physical features described herein. As described above, the heavy weight member and small arc housing structure mitigate the adverse effects on the club head MOI and club head CG position. The rearmost and sole-side position of the weight member is I XX / I YY This is beneficial for moving the ratio closer to 1. Placing a heavy weight in the rearmost position shifts the club head CG rearward toward the perimeter centroid (PC). Also, the rearmost weight position distributes more discretionary mass away from both the X-axis 40 and the Y-axis 50. The sole-most weight position distributes more discretionary mass away from the X-axis 40, resulting in a lower I YY Without increasing XX becomes larger, and I XX / I YYFurthermore, the weight member in its sole-most position tends to lower the club head CG toward the loft vertical axis 35. A significant portion of the club head's discretionary mass, created by one or more lightweight composite inserts or other mass-reducing structures described herein, may be used for the weight member. YY does not exceed the allowable limit, there is no particular trade-off even if the mass of the weight member is maximized. f. Bulge and roll

[0171] The bulge and roll curvatures of a golf club head affect performance by making the club head more forgiving. Golf club heads are designed with bulge and roll curvatures to counteract the gear effect (described above) that occurs on the golf ball on off-center hits. Bulge curvature provides forgiveness for mis-hits on the toe side of the face center (FC) and for mis-hits on the heel side. In the case of a toe-side mis-hit, the gear side spin causes the golf ball to draw in a toe-to-heel direction. Conversely, in the case of a heel-side mis-hit, the gear side spin causes the golf ball to fade in a heel-to-toe direction. Bulge curvature counteracts the gear side spin effect by 1) changing the starting direction of the golf shot and 2) reducing the magnitude of the gear effect.

[0172] The bulge curvature creates an angled contact between the golf ball and the striking face on heel-side and toe-side mishits, imparting a side spin effect on the golf ball in the opposite direction to the gear side spin effect. The bulge curvature causes the toe-side point of the striking face to point toward the toe rather than the face center (FC), which starts the ball off-line toward the toe, negating the draw side spin gear effect associated with toe-side mishits. The angled contact imparts a fade side spin effect on toe-side mishits, which negates the draw gear side spin effect associated with the rotation of the golf club head on toe-side mishits. Furthermore, the bulge curvature causes the heel-side point of the striking face to point toward the heel rather than the face center (FC), which starts the ball off-line toward the heel, negating the fade side spin gear effect associated with heel-side mishits. The diagonal contact imparts a draw side spin effect to heel-side mis-hits, counteracting the fade gear side spin effect associated with the rotation of the golf club head on heel-side mis-hits. Thus, the bulge curvature tends to normalize the side spin imparted to the golf ball on heel-side and toe-side mis-hits.

[0173] Roll curvature provides forgiveness for crown-side and sole-side mishits. For crown-side mishits, the gear effect reduces the backspin of the golf ball. Conversely, for sole-side mishits, the gear effect increases the backspin of the golf ball. Roll curvature counteracts the gear effect on backspin by 1) changing the launch angle of the golf shot and 2) mitigating the magnitude of the gear effect.

[0174] Regarding the launch angle of a golf shot, roll curvature points a point above the face center (FC) toward the crown, resulting in a higher launch of the ball. A larger launch angle offsets the reduction in backspin caused by the gear effect associated with a mishit on the crown side. Golf shots with less backspin launch less into the air than golf shots with more backspin. A larger launch angle allows the ball to stay in the air longer on a mishit on the crown side, despite the reduced backspin, resulting in increased distance. Furthermore, roll curvature points a point below the face center (FC) toward the sole, resulting in a lower launch of the ball. A lower launch offset offsets the increase in backspin caused by the gear effect associated with a mishit on the sole side. Because a golf shot with more backspin launches higher into the air compared to a golf shot with less backspin, a smaller launch angle prevents the ball from ballooning too high in the air, resulting in a loss of distance.

[0175] Regarding the degree of gear effect, roll curvature imparts a backspin or topspin effect to the golf ball in the opposite direction to the gear backspin effect. Roll curvature causes oblique contact between the golf ball and the striking face on crown-side and toe-side mishits. This oblique contact imparts a backspin effect to crown-side mishits, counteracting the topspin gear effect associated with club head rotation on crown-side mishits. Furthermore, oblique contact imparts a topspin effect to sole-side mishits, counteracting the backspin gear effect associated with club head rotation on sole-side mishits. In this way, roll curvature tends to normalize the backspin imparted to the golf ball on crown-side and sole-side mishits.

[0176] The bulge curvature and roll curvature are I XX , I YYThe MOI may be individually adjusted based on the characteristics of the golf club head, including the MOI, club head CG location, and / or other characteristics or features of the golf club head. The golf club head of the present invention may satisfy one or more bulge radius relationships or roll radius relationships to maximize distance and forgiveness. The MOI and CG location each affect the amount of spin at impact and the gear effect on mishits. Therefore, each characteristic must be considered when determining the optimal bulge and roll curvatures for a particular golf club head. A club head with a high MOI can have a gentler bulge and roll curvature because it reduces twisting and gear effect. A golf club head with a high MOI and a tighter bulge and roll curvature may overcompensate for the gear effect, resulting in a loss of accuracy and / or distance. A golf club head with a more rearward CG location has a tighter bulge and roll curvature. If the bulge and roll curvatures are too gentle in a golf club head with a club head CG position that is far back, the gear effect will not be sufficiently compensated, resulting in a loss of accuracy and / or distance. Optimizing the bulge and roll curvatures for a given club head's MOI and CG position will balance the start line, launch angle, and gear effect, impart the appropriate amount of side spin and back spin, and maintain both accuracy and distance even on mishits.

[0177] Optimized bulge and roll curvatures counteract the gear effect that occurs on a golf ball on off-center hits. By tailoring the bulge and roll curvatures to the characteristics of the golf club head, forgiveness and distance are increased, resulting in a higher-performance golf club head. As described above, the optimal bulge and roll curvatures for any golf club head are determined by the club head MOI and the club head CG position. However, providing optimal bulge and roll curvatures corresponding to the golf MOI range and CG position range relevant to the present invention does not significantly affect the other physical characteristics or performance characteristics described herein. Therefore, optimal bulge and roll curvatures can be provided without adversely affecting the other physical characteristics or performance characteristics described herein. II. Structure that creates a high-performance club head

[0178] As noted above, the club heads described herein have an I value at or near the acceptable limit. YY , I close to 1 XX / I YY The golf club head includes various structures that achieve a club head CG position that is centered about the club head perimeter and located on or near the loft vertical axis 35, and that further enhances ball speed and forgiveness and / or balances other features and / or characteristics that affect the golfer's experience using the golf club head. The values ​​and ranges for any dimensions, geometries, or structures described herein take into account and reflect the complementary and adverse effects between various physical features and / or performance characteristics. The ranges for specific physical features disclosed herein do not necessarily apply individually to all performance characteristics, particularly for non-complementary features and / or characteristics. In general, the design prioritizes the MOI and CG characteristics described above, and achieves an overall balance of all features and characteristics. a. Overall clubhead structure i.Body shape

[0179] The golf club heads described herein have body shapes that balance key performance characteristics. In particular, the body shape significantly affects the club head's MOI, CG position, striking face energy transfer, and aerodynamic characteristics. The golf club heads described herein have body shapes that consider the relationships among all key performance characteristics and balance these characteristics to achieve a high-performance golf club head. Various body shapes are described using Figures 1-11. The body shapes described below are described with reference to the golf club head 100. For ease of description, the body shape features related to the golf club head 100 are also applicable to various embodiments of the club head according to the present invention. Any one or more of the body shape features described in the various embodiments below can be used in combination with each other. A. Overall body dimensions

[0180] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the golf club head 100 may include a body 101 having a cube-like shape that balances the MOI, CG, striking face energy transfer, and aerodynamics of the club head. B ) is the body width (W B ) and body depth (D B ) is a substantial ratio of both the cube shape and I XX / I YY This makes it easier to maximize the ratio and achieve a more aerodynamic crown shape. However, the cube shape can make it more difficult to achieve other desirable physical characteristics, such as positioning the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35 and providing a short, thin striking face 102.

[0181] The club head of the present invention has a body width (W B ) and body depth (D B ) is the effective ratio of the body height (H B ) compared to the prior art. B) and body depth (D B ) to the body height (H B ) can be increased to achieve a cube-like body size. Referring to FIG. 3, the golf club head 100 has a body height (H B In some embodiments, the body height (H B ) may be 2.0 inches to 2.1 inches, 2.1 inches to 2.2 inches, 2.2 inches to 2.3 inches, 2.3 inches to 2.4 inches, 2.4 inches to 2.5 inches, 2.5 inches to 2.6 inches, 2.6 inches to 2.7 inches, 2.7 inches to 2.8 inches, 2.8 inches to 2.9 inches, or 2.9 inches to 3.0 inches. B The range of body height (H) is specifically designed to balance the MOI, CG position, face height, and aerodynamic characteristics of the club head. B If I ) is too small (i.e., smaller than the range mentioned above), the crown mass and the sole mass are not moved far enough away from the X' axis 70, and I ≠ 1 XX / I YY The cube shape does not achieve the ratio. B If the body height (H B If the face height (H SF ) can become too large, resulting in a loss of ball speed.

[0182] 3 and 9, the golf club head 100 has a body width (W ) of 4.4 inches to 5.0 inches. B In some embodiments, the body width (W B ) may be 4.4 inches to 4.6 inches, 4.6 inches to 4.8 inches, or 4.8 inches to 5.0 inches. In some embodiments, the body width (W B) may be less than 5.0 inches, less than 4.8 inches, or less than 4.6 inches. Generally, the body width (W B ) is maximized, the club head MOI naturally increases.

[0183] 7 and 9, the golf club head 100 has a body depth (D B In some embodiments, the body depth (D B ) may be between 4.4 inches and 4.6 inches, between 4.6 inches and 4.8 inches, or between 4.8 inches and 5.0 inches. In some embodiments, the body depth (D B ) may be less than 5.0 inches, less than 4.8 inches, or less than 4.6 inches. In many of the low MOI embodiments, the body depth (D B ) compared to the body depth (D B ) can be quite small. Generally, the body depth (D B ) is maximized, the club head MOI naturally increases. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the body depth (D B ) makes the crown angle more aerodynamic.

[0184] The cube shape of the body 101 is B ) to the body width (W B ) divided by H B / W B In many embodiments, H B / W B The ratio may be between 0.50 and 0.75. B / W B The ratio may be 0.50 to 0.55, 0.55 to 0.60, 0.60 to 0.65, 0.65 to 0.70, or 0.70 to 0.75. Similarly, the cube shape of the body 101 may be such that the body height (H B ) to the body depth (D B ) divided by H B / D BIn many embodiments, H B / D B The ratio may be between 0.50 and 0.75. B / D B The ratio may be 0.50 to 0.55, 0.55 to 0.60, 0.60 to 0.65, 0.65 to 0.70, or 0.70 to 0.75. B / W B Ratio and / or H B / D B Increasing the ratio results in the golf club head 100 having a cube-like body shape that places the crown mass and sole mass away from the X' axis 70 but closer to the Y' axis 80, thereby providing a larger I XX / I YY Affects the ratio. B. Shallow face

[0185] As mentioned above, the golf club heads described herein have very small face heights (H) within the ranges disclosed below. SF ) and a shallow striking face 102 with a small striking face thickness. As discussed above, a shallow striking face 102 will result in higher ball speeds within acceptable CT limits.

[0186] The overall structure of the shallow striking face 102 described herein may be very similar to that found in U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 450,359, filed August 15, 2023, which is incorporated herein in its entirety. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the striking face height (H SF ) is measured as the distance between the face bottom point (FN) and the face apex (FA) on the YZ plane parallel to the loft plane 15, as described above.

[0187] In many embodiments, the striking face height (H SF ) is between 1.40 inches and 1.80 inches. In some embodiments, the striking face height (H SF) is 1.40 inches to 1.45 inches, 1.45 inches to 1.50 inches, 1.50 inches to 1.55 inches, 1.55 inches to 1.60 inches, 1.60 inches to 1.65 inches, 1.65 inches to 1.70 inches, 1.70 inches to 1.75 inches, or 1.75 inches to 1.80 inches. Additionally, in some embodiments, the striking face height (H SF ) may be less than 1.80 inches, less than 1.78 inches, less than 1.76 inches, less than 1.74 inches, less than 1.72 inches, less than 1.70 inches, less than 1.68 inches, less than 1.66 inches, less than 1.64 inches, less than 1.62 inches, less than 1.60 inches, less than 1.58 inches, less than 1.54 inches, less than 1.52 inches, less than 1.50 inches, less than 1.48 inches, less than 1.46 inches, less than 1.44 inches, less than 1.42 inches, or less than 1.40 inches. In other embodiments, the striking face height (H SF The striking face height (H SF The range of hitting face height (H) is specifically designed to balance the MOI, CG location, energy transfer, and aerodynamics of the club head. SF If the striking face height (H) is too small (i.e., below the ranges stated above), maintaining ball speed requires reducing the striking face thickness to the point where the striking face 102 cannot withstand the impact stresses, thereby reducing the durability of the club head. SF If the hitting face height (H) is too large (i.e., greater than the ranges mentioned above), the hitting face thickness must be increased to the extent that the ball speed decreases. SF If the CG is too large, the clubhead's MOI and CG position will be adversely affected by the additional mass required to create a larger, thicker striking face.

[0188] By reducing the distance between the face top point (FA) and face bottom point (FN), the striking face height (H SF) can be reduced. There are several ways to do this. For example, by lowering the height of the face apex (FA) without changing the height of the face bottom (FN), the hitting face height (H SF Alternatively, the hitting face height (H SF ) can be reduced. Furthermore, by simultaneously changing both the height of the face bottom point (FN) and the height of the face top point (FA), the hitting face height (H SF ) can be made smaller.

[0189] The striking face height (H SF ) may be reduced, but the location of the face center (FC) must be considered. As noted above, as the club head CG moves away from the loft vertical axis 35, power transfer efficiency decreases and performance suffers. SF ) is reduced, the position of the face center (FC), especially the face center height (H FC ) may change. SF ) is reduced, the face center height (H FC If the face center height (H FC As the hitting face height (H) decreases, the loft vertical axis 35 drops, making it more difficult to position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis. SF If you want to reduce the face center height (H FC ) must not be reduced to this value.

[0190] Face bottom height (H FN ) increases the face center height (H FC ) increases, so the hitting face height (H SF This is effective in preventing the adverse effects that may occur with adjusting the face bottom height (H FN) is the vertical distance from the ground surface 10 to the face bottom point (FN). SF By reducing the distance 35, the position of the face center (FC) improves, the loft vertical axis 35 tends to coincide with the club head CG, and power transmission improves.

[0191] Referring to Figures 3 and 5, the face bottom height (H FN ) may be between 0.35 inches and 0.45 inches. In some embodiments, the face bottom height (H FN ) may be 0.35 inches to 0.37 inches, 0.36 inches to 0.38 inches, 0.37 inches to 0.39 inches, 0.38 inches to 0.39 inches, 0.39 inches to 0.41 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.43 inches, or 0.42 inches to 0.45 inches. In some embodiments, the face bottom height (H FN ) may be greater than 0.35 inches, greater than 0.36 inches, greater than 0.37 inches, greater than 0.38 inches, greater than 0.39 inches, greater than 0.40 inches, greater than 0.41 inches, greater than 0.42 inches, greater than 0.43 inches, or greater than 0.44 inches. FN The range of face bottom height (H ) is specifically designed to balance the club head CG position, the energy transfer of the striking face, and the aerodynamic characteristics. FN If the face bottom height (H) is too small (i.e., smaller than the above range), the face center (FC) and the loft vertical axis 35 will be lowered. If the loft vertical axis 35 is lowered, the club head CG position will be too far toward the crown side of the loft vertical axis 35, which will have a negative effect on the force transmission performance. Similarly, FN ) is too large (i.e., larger than the range described above), the loft vertical axis 35 rises, and the club head CG position moves too far toward the sole side of the loft vertical axis 35, adversely affecting power transmission performance.

[0192] Referring to Figures 3 and 5, the face center height (H FC) may be between 1.17 inches and 1.40 inches. In some embodiments, the face center height (H FC ) can be 1.17 inches to 1.19 inches, 1.19 inches to 1.21 inches, 1.21 inches to 1.23 inches, 1.23 inches to 1.25 inches, 1.25 inches to 1.27 inches, 1.27 inches to 1.29 inches, 1.29 inches to 1.31 inches, 1.31 inches to 1.33 inches, 1.33 inches to 1.35 inches, 1.35 inches to 1.37 inches, 1.37 inches to 1.39 inches, or 1.39 inches to 1.40 inches. In some embodiments, the face center height (H FC ) may be greater than 1.17 inches, greater than 1.19 inches, greater than 1.21 inches, greater than 1.22 inches, greater than 1.23 inches, greater than 1.24 inches, greater than 1.25 inches, greater than 1.26 inches, greater than 1.27 inches, greater than 1.28 inches, greater than 1.29 inches, greater than 1.30 inches, greater than 1.31 inches, greater than 1.32 inches, greater than 1.33 inches, greater than 1.34 inches, greater than 1.35 inches, greater than 1.36 inches, greater than 1.37 inches, greater than 1.38 inches, or greater than 1.39 inches. FC ) range is specifically for balancing the club head CG position relative to the loft vertical axis 35. FC If the face center height (H) is too small (i.e., below the range above), the CG will be too far toward the crown of the loft vertical axis 35, which will cause undesirable spin at impact and adversely affect power transfer. FC If .gtoreq..times ...

[0193] Small face height (H FC ) and the face center height (H FC ) is quite large. The golf club head 100 has a face center height (H FC ) relative to the striking face height (H SF ) ratio. HSF / H FC The ratio is the striking face height (H SF ) to the face center height (H FC ) in many embodiments. SF / H FC The ratio may be between 1.25 and 1.40. SF / H FC The ratio may be 1.25 to 1.30, 1.30 to 1.35, or 1.35 to 1.40. SF / H FC The ratio may be greater than 1.25, greater than 1.30, or greater than 1.35.

[0194] The golf club head 100 has a face bottom height (H FN ) relative to the striking face height (H SF ) ratio, which is between 3.50 and 5.10. In some embodiments, H SF / H FN The ratio may be 3.50 to 3.70, 3.70 to 3.90, 3.90 to 4.10, 4.10 to 4.30, 4.30 to 4.50, 4.50 to 4.70, 4.70 to 4.90, or 4.90 to 5.10.

[0195] The golf club head 100 has a face center height (H FC ) relative to the body height (H B ) ratio. B / H FC The ratio may be between 1.75 and 2.25. In many embodiments, H B / H FC The ratio may be 1.75 to 1.80, 1.80 to 1.85, 1.85 to 1.90, 1.90 to 1.95, 1.95 to 2.00, 2.00 to 2.05, 2.05 to 2.10, 2.10 to 2.15, 2.15 to 2.20, or 2.20 to 2.25. These ranges not only create a cube-like body shape, but also allow for a face center height (H ) that aligns the loft vertical axis 35 with the club head CG. FC) to achieve a shallow striking face 102 (i.e., a small face height and face thickness). B ) is what makes this possible.

[0196] As discussed above, a shallow striking face 102 (i.e., a small face height and a small face thickness) provides a very thin striking face thickness for increased ball velocity. The striking face thickness is measured as the average thickness of the striking face 102 within the striking face's outer perimeter boundary. The average striking face thickness can be calculated by taking the volume of the striking face 102 within the striking face's outer perimeter boundary and dividing that volume by the frontal surface area of ​​the striking face within the striking face's outer perimeter boundary. In many embodiments, the striking face thickness is approximately 0.085 inches to 0.110 inches. The striking face thickness can be 0.085 inches to 0.090 inches, 0.090 inches to 0.095 inches, 0.095 inches to 0.100 inches, 0.100 inches to 0.105 inches, or 0.105 inches to 0.110 inches. In other embodiments, the striking face thickness may be between 0.094 inches and 0.099 inches, between 0.090 inches and 0.097 inches, or between 0.095 inches and 0.103 inches. The striking face thickness may be less than 0.100 inches, less than 0.099 inches, less than 0.098 inches, less than 0.097 inches, less than 0.096 inches, less than 0.095 inches, less than 0.094 inches, less than 0.093 inches, less than 0.092 inches, less than 0.091 inches, or less than 0.091 inches. The striking face height (H SF By reducing the hitting face height (H), the hitting face thickness can be reduced by 5% to 15%. SF ) can improve ball speed while maintaining a consistent CT value.

[0197] As discussed above, the shallow nature of the striking face 102 improves the MOI by reducing the mass required to form the striking face 102. In many embodiments, the striking face mass, measured within the perimeter of the striking face, may be between 28 grams and 37 grams. For example, the striking face mass may be between 28 grams and 30 grams, between 30 grams and 32 grams, between 32 grams and 34 grams, or between 34 grams and 37 grams. In some embodiments, the striking face mass may be less than 37 grams, less than 36 grams, less than 35 grams, less than 34 grams, less than 33 grams, less than 32 grams, less than 31 grams, less than 30 grams, or less than 29 grams. In some embodiments, the striking face mass may be approximately 28 grams, approximately 29 grams, approximately 30 grams, approximately 31 grams, approximately 32 grams, approximately 33 grams, approximately 34 grams, approximately 35 grams, approximately 36 grams, or approximately 37 grams.

[0198] In this way, the high face bottom height (H FN A golf club head 100 with a shallow striking face 102 (i.e., small face height and face thickness) along with a small striking face height (H) provides a high ball speed per CT value, a good club head MOI, and maintains or improves the force transfer of the golf club head 100 by aligning the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35. FC ) and thickness benefits, combined with various other features described herein, provide a large I YY and the above-mentioned I XX / I YY A high performance clubhead can be achieved that balances other performance characteristics such as ratio, power transfer, aerodynamics, and CG adjustability. C. Crown profile

[0199] The crown profile of the golf club head 100 balances various physical features and / or performance characteristics. As discussed above, the shape (or "profile") of the crown 110 affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the golf club head 100. Additionally, the crown profile affects mass distribution by determining where mass can be placed. The crown profile affects the MOI and CG location of the club head.

[0200] Referring to FIG. 8, the crown 110 has a crown angle (α C ) As shown in FIG. 8, the golf club head 100 defines a crown axis 120 extending between a crown transition point 115 and a rear transition point 116. The crown transition point 115 and the rear transition point 116 both lie on the YZ plane. The crown transition point 115 is located at the forward-most point of the crown 110 on the YZ plane. The rear transition point 116 is located at the rear-most point of the crown 110 on the YZ plane. The crown angle (α C ) is the acute angle between the crown axis 120 and the Y axis 50. In many embodiments, the crown angle (α C ) may be 65° to 75°. In some embodiments, the crown angle (α C ) may be 65° to 67°, 67° to 69°, 69° to 71°, 71° to 73°, or 73° to 75°.

[0201] The crown angle (α C The range of the crown angle (α ) is specifically designed to balance the MOI, CG position, and aerodynamic characteristics of the club head. C The range of crown angle (α) is that which provides the optimum aerodynamic profile for a golf club head that includes aerodynamic features on the crown, such as turbulators, as described below. C If the crown angle (α) is too steep (i.e., smaller than the above range), the aerodynamic flow will leave the crown 110 too early, resulting in increased drag. CIf the crown angle (α) is too shallow (i.e., greater than the range above), the mass at the rear of the crown 110 increases, causing the club head CG to rise away from the loft vertical axis 35. In some embodiments, the crown angle (α C ) design may prioritize MOI and CG characteristics rather than necessarily achieving optimal aerodynamic values.

[0202] The crown profile is also characterized by the height at various locations on the crown 110. Referring to FIG. 8, the golf club head 100 has a mid-height (H H ) and this height is the distance between the ground contact surface 10 and the body depth (D B ) and the mid-crown point 119, which is defined as the point on the crown 110 located at the midpoint of the crown 110. In many embodiments, the mid-height (H H ) may be between 2.10 inches and 2.30 inches. In some embodiments, the mid-height (H H The mid-height (H ) may be 2.10 inches to 2.15 inches, 2.15 inches to 2.20 inches, 2.20 inches to 2.25 inches, or 2.25 inches to 2.30 inches. H ) is low, the club head CG drops toward the loft vertical axis 35.

[0203] The crown profile is mid-height (H H ) and body height (H B ) can be further characterized by the ratio between H H / H B A small ratio means that the club head has a steep crown angle (α C In some embodiments, H H / H B The ratio may be less than 0.9. H / H B The ratio may be 0.75 to 0.80, 0.80 to 0.85, or 0.85 to 0.90. H / H BA small ratio keeps the crown profile flatter, balancing the mass above and below the loft vertical axis.

[0204] The golf club head 100 has a rear crown height (H ) measured as the vertical distance between the ground contact surface 10 and the rear transition point 116. CR In many embodiments, the rear crown height (H CR ) may be between 0.60 inches and 0.70 inches. In some embodiments, the mid-height (H CR ) may be less than 0.70 inches, less than 0.68 inches, less than 0.66 inches, less than 0.64 inches, or less than 0.62 inches. The golf club head 100 has a fairly low rear crown height (H CR ) rear crown height (H CR ) is low, the rear end 111 of the body 101 tends to come to a substantially single point, the mass is kept at a low rear position, and the airflow tends to follow the crown 110.

[0205] The crown profile is defined by the rear transition point height (H CR ) and body height (H B ) in some instances, H CR / H B The ratio may be between 0.15 and 0.4. CR / H B The ratio may be 0.15 to 0.20, 0.20 to 0.25, 0.25 to 0.30, 0.30 to 0.35, or 0.35 to 0.40. CR / H B A small ratio indicates that the mass is located low and rearward. CR / H B If the ratio is too large, the rear transition point height of the crown (H CR ) is relatively large, and there is a lot of mass above the loft vertical axis 35. CR / H B If the ratio is too small, the rear transition point height of the crown (H CR) is relatively small, and the crown angle (α C ) is too sudden.

[0206] The crown profile can also be characterized by a crown arc length, defined as the distance between the crown transition point 115 and the rear transition point 116. The crown arc length is measured in the YZ plane and follows the curvature of the crown 110. The golf club head 100 may have a substantially flat crown profile characterized by a very short crown arc length. In many embodiments, the crown arc length may be between 5.00 inches and 5.30 inches. In some embodiments, the crown arc length may be less than 5.30 inches, less than 5.25 inches, less than 5.20 inches, less than 5.15 inches, less than 5.10 inches, or less than 5.05 inches. A very short crown arc length provides benefits to both aerodynamics and club head CG location. Compared to a protruding crown with a long crown arc length, a short crown arc length is characterized by a crown 110 that decreases in height more gradually (at an equal crown angle) from the striking face 102 to the rear end 111. The more gradual the decrease, the easier it is for the airflow to follow, thereby reducing drag. Additionally, a flatter crown with a shorter crown arc length tends to lower the mass of the crown 110 toward the ground plane 10, thereby lowering the club head CG position toward the loft vertical axis 35.

[0207] The crown arc length is further increased by the body depth (D B In many embodiments, the crown arc length can be characterized in relation to a given body depth (D B ) In many embodiments, the golf club head 100 may have a crown arc length that is substantially shorter than the body depth (D B) divided by the body depth. In many embodiments, the first crown arc length ratio may be between 1.05 and 1.10. In some embodiments, the first crown arc length ratio may be less than 1.10, less than 1.09, less than 1.08, less than 1.07, or less than 1.06. Having a very small first crown arc length ratio for crown 10 represents a substantially flat crown profile, as opposed to a raised crown profile, which may have a small body depth and therefore a short crown arc length.

[0208] The crown arc length is further divided into mid-height (H H ) In many embodiments, the golf club head 100 may be characterized by a relationship between the crown arc length and the mid-height (H H ) divided by the second crown arc length ratio. In many embodiments, the second crown arc length ratio may be between 7.40 and 7.80. In some embodiments, the second crown arc length ratio may be less than 7.8, less than 7.7, less than 7.6, or less than 7.5. These ratios provide a flat crown profile that provides the aerodynamic and club head CG benefits discussed above.

[0209] As described above, the golf club head 100 includes several features that maximize aerodynamic performance while providing a XX / I YY The ratio can also be balanced. Generally, aerodynamic drag is related to the body shape which causes the airflow to diverge (i.e., pressure drag / form drag). To reduce aerodynamic drag, modern golf club heads typically have a shallow crown angle (α C ) and a generally raised crown shape. This approach to reducing aerodynamic drag places more of the club head mass above the loft vertical axis 35. Moving the club head mass away from the loft vertical axis 35 moves the club head CG away from the loft vertical axis 35, which reduces ball speed.

[0210] The aerodynamic features described below are achieved by a flat crown angle (α C The aerodynamic features described herein reduce drag without a raised crown shape or turbulators. Such aerodynamic features may include turbulators, a sole transition profile, a crown transition profile, and / or a rear transition profile. Additionally, the aerodynamic features described below do not position much of the club head mass above the loft vertical axis 35. Thus, the aerodynamic features of the present invention increase club head speed without compromising the club head's CG and MOI characteristics.

[0211] In some embodiments, the aerodynamic features may include a plurality of turbulators, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 536,753, filed June 28, 2021, entitled "Golf Club Heads with Turbulators and Methods to Manufacture Golf Club Heads with Turbulators" (now U.S. Patent No. 8 / 608,587, issued December 17, 2013), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Turbulators on the crown are known in the art to reduce drag. Turbulators alter the optimal aerodynamic crown profile by disrupting and retarding the divergence of airflow. Thus, the turbulators reduce the drag generated by the golf club head during a swing, increasing ball speed.

[0212] The club head may further include a crown transition profile, a sole transition profile, and / or a rear transition profile similar to the crown transition profile, the sole transition profile, and / or the rear transition profile described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15 / 233,486, entitled "Golf Club Head with Transition Profiles to Reduce Aerodynamic Drag," filed on August 10, 2016 (now U.S. Patent No. 10,035,048, issued on July 31, 2018). The golf club head may include a front curvature radius, a sole curvature radius, and / or a rear curvature radius similar to the first crown curvature radius, the first sole curvature radius, and / or the rear curvature radius described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15 / 233,486, entitled "Golf Club Head with Transition Profiles to Reduce Aerodynamic Drag," filed on August 10, 2016 (now U.S. Patent No. 10,035,048, issued on July 31, 2018).

[0213] In many embodiments, the front radius of curvature may be between 0.18 inches and 0.30 inches. In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature may be less than 0.40 inches, less than 0.375 inches, less than 0.35 inches, less than 0.325 inches, or less than 0.30 inches. In many embodiments, the sole radius of curvature may be between 0.25 inches and 0.50 inches. In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature may be less than 0.50 inches, less than 0.475 inches, less than 0.45 inches, or less than 0.40 inches. In many embodiments, the rear radius of curvature may be between 0.10 inches and 0.25 inches. In some embodiments, the rear radius of curvature may be less than 0.30 inches, less than 0.275 inches, less than 0.25 inches, less than 0.225 inches, or less than 0.20 inches. ii. Mass characteristics A. Club head moment of inertia

[0214] As mentioned above, the golf club head according to the present invention has an I value at or near the acceptable limit. YY By reducing mass from the mid-section (MS) and / or near the Y'-axis 80, the golf club head 100 is perimeter weighted. YY The discretionary mass created by one or more lightweight composite inserts, lightweight shaft receiving structures, small arc weight member receiving structures, or any other mass reduction structures disclosed herein can maximize I. YY can be at or near the acceptable limit. In many embodiments, I YY is 5600g·cm 3 ~6000g·cm 3 In some embodiments, I YY is 5600g·cm 3 ~5700g·cm 3 , 5700g·cm 3 ~5800g·cm 3 , 5800g·cm 3 ~5900g·cm 3 , or 5900 g·cm 3 ~6000g·cm 3 In some embodiments, I YY is 5600g·cm 3 Over 5700g·cm 3 Over 5800g·cm 3 Over 5900g·cm 3 or more than 6000 g·cm 3 It may be beyond that.

[0215] The golf club head according to the present invention has a large I value at or near the acceptable limit. YY Although it has a large I XX / I YY The club head CG is located near the outer periphery centroid (PC), and the I YY without increasing I beyond the tolerance limit. XX By allocating discretionary mass to strategic locations, we can achieve a large I XX / I YYA large I ratio is achieved by allocating discretionary mass to a heavy weight member located at the rearmost and sole-most position (as described in further detail below) and / or by allocating the majority of the club head mass to a central mass zone (defined below) centered about the Y' axis 80. XX / I YY It can be a ratio.

[0216] In many embodiments, I XX is 4200g·cm 3 ~6000g·cm 3 In some embodiments, I XX is 4200g·cm 3 ~4400g·cm 3 , 4400g·cm 3 ~4600g·cm 3 , 4600g·cm 3 ~4800g·cm 3 , 4800g·cm 3 ~5000g·cm 3 , 5000g·cm 3 ~5200g·cm 3 or 5200 g cm 3 ~5600g·cm 3 , 5600g·cm 3 ~5700g·cm 3 , 5700g·cm 3 ~5800g·cm 3 , 5800g·cm 3 ~5900g·cm 3 , or 5900 g·cm 3 ~6000g·cm 3 In some embodiments, I XX is 4200g·cm 3 Over 4400g·cm 3 Over 4600g·cm 3 Over 4800g·cm 3 Over 5000g·cm 3 Over 5200g·cm 3 Over 5400g·cm 3 Over 5500g·cm 3 Over 5600g·cm3 Over 5700g·cm 3 Over 5800g·cm 3 Over 5900g·cm 3 or more than 6000 g·cm 3 It may be beyond that.

[0217] In many embodiments, the club head has an I of 0.77 to 1.0. XX / I YY In some embodiments, the club head may have an I ratio. XX / I YY The ratio may be 0.77 to 0.80, 0.80 to 0.85, or 0.85 to 0.90. XX / I YY The ratio may be greater than 0.77, greater than 0.78, greater than 0.80, greater than 0.82, greater than 0.84, greater than 0.85, greater than 0.86, greater than 0.88, or greater than 0.90. XX / I YY The ratio may be 0.77 to 0.78, 0.78 to 0.79, 0.79 to 0.80, 0.80 to 0.81, 0.81 to 0.82, 0.82 to 0.83, 0.83 to 0.84, 0.84 to 0.85, 0.85 to 0.86, 0.86 to 0.87, 0.87 to 0.88, 0.88 to 0.89, 0.89 to 0.90, 0.90 to 0.91, 0.91 to 0.92, 0.92 to 0.93, 0.93 to 0.94, 0.94 to 0.95, 0.95 to 0.96, 0.96 to 0.97, 0.97 to 0.98, 0.98 to 0.99, or 0.99 to 1.00. YY In embodiments where MOI is the acceptable limit, I XX / I YY The maximum ratio is 1. B. Club head CG position

[0218] The club head CG position can be described in relation to a linear coordinate system. Referring to Figure 6, the CG Xmay refer to the club head CG location along the X-axis 40, measured from the face center (FC). In many embodiments, CG X The absolute value of CG may be between 0 inches and 0.10 inches. X The absolute value of CG may be between 0 inches and 0.03 inches, between 0.02 inches and 0.05 inches, between 0.04 inches and 0.08 inches, or between 0.06 inches and 0.10 inches. In many embodiments, CG X The absolute value of CG may be less than 0.10 inches. X may be less than 0.10 inches, less than 0.09 inches, less than 0.08 inches, less than 0.07 inches, less than 0.06 inches, less than 0.05 inches, less than 0.04 inches, less than 0.03 inches, less than 0.02 inches, or less than 0.01 inches.

[0219] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, CG Y may refer to the club head CG position along the Y-axis 50, measured from the face center (FC). Negative CG Y The value indicates that the club head CG is located below the face center (FC). In many embodiments, the CG Y may be between -0.50 inches and -0.25 inches. In some embodiments, CG Y may be between −0.50 inches and −0.45 inches, between −0.45 inches and −0.40 inches, between −0.40 inches and −0.35 inches, between −0.35 inches and −0.30 inches, or between −0.30 inches and −0.25 inches. In many embodiments, CG Y may be less than -0.25 inches. In some embodiments, CG Y may be less than -0.25 inches, less than -0.30 inches, less than -0.35 inches, less than -0.40 inches, or less than -0.45 inches. Y The range of CG disclosed below Z , which, combined with the value of , represents the club head CG location located on or near the loft vertical axis 35.

[0220] Referring to Figure 7, CG Z may refer to the club head CG position along the Z axis 60, as measured from the face center (FC). In many embodiments, CG Z may be between 1.50 inches and 2.20 inches. In some embodiments, CG Z may be 1.50 inches to 1.70 inches, 1.60 inches to 1.80 inches, 1.70 inches to 1.90 inches, 1.80 inches to 2.00 inches, 1.90 inches to 2.10 inches, or 2.00 inches to 2.20 inches. In many embodiments, CG Z may be greater than 1.50 inches. In some embodiments, CG Z may be greater than 1.50 inches, greater than 1.60 inches, greater than 1.70 inches, greater than 1.80 inches, greater than 1.90 inches, greater than 2.00 inches, greater than 2.10 inches, or greater than 2.20 inches. Z The range of CG disclosed above Y In combination with the loft vertical axis 35, this represents the club head CG position located on or near the loft vertical axis 35. Z represents the club head CG centered relative to the perimeter centroid (PC).

[0221] Referring to Figure 8, CG LN may refer to the vertical distance between the club head CG and the loft vertical axis 35. In many embodiments, CG LN The absolute value of CG may be less than 0.150 inches. LNThe absolute value of CG may be between 0.001 inches and 0.005 inches, between 0.005 inches and 0.010 inches, between 0.010 inches and 0.015 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.030 inches, between 0.030 inches and 0.035 inches, between 0.035 inches and 0.040 inches, between 0.040 inches and 0.045 inches, between 0.045 inches and 0.050 inches, between 0.050 inches and 0.060 inches, between 0.060 inches and 0.070 inches, between 0.070 inches and 0.080 inches, between 0.080 inches and 0.100 inches, between 0.100 inches and 0.120 inches, or between 0.100 inches and 0.150 inches. LN The absolute value of CG may be less than 0.150 inches. LN The absolute value of may be less than 0.150 inches, less than 0.140 inches, less than 0.130 inches, less than 0.120 inches, less than 0.110 inches, less than 0.100 inches, less than 0.090 inches, less than 0.080 inches, less than 0.070 inches, less than 0.060 inches, less than 0.050 inches, less than 0.045 inches, less than 0.040 inches, less than 0.035 inches, less than 0.030 inches, less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, less than 0.015 inches, less than 0.010 inches, or less than 0.005 inches. As detailed above, CG LN The smaller the absolute value of CG, the better the power transfer and ball speed. LN The values ​​may apply to any orientation of the loft normal axis 35 defined above, including a loft normal axis 35 that is perfectly perpendicular to the loft plane 15 and a loft normal axis 35 that is nearly perpendicular to the loft plane 15.

[0222] The club head CG position can also be described in relation to the leading edge 103. Referring to FIG. LE may refer to the distance between the club head CG and the leading edge 103, measured parallel to the ground plane 10. In many embodiments, the CG LE may be between 2.05 inches and 2.60 inches. In some embodiments, CGLE may be 2.05 inches to 2.15 inches, 2.10 inches to 2.25 inches, 2.20 inches to 2.40 inches, 2.30 inches to 2.45 inches, 2.40 inches to 2.50 inches, or 2.45 inches to 2.60 inches. In many embodiments, CG LE may be greater than 2.00 inches. In some embodiments, CG LE may be greater than 2.00 inches, greater than 2.05 inches, greater than 2.10 inches, greater than 2.15 inches, greater than 2.20 inches, greater than 2.25 inches, greater than 2.30 inches, greater than 2.35 inches, greater than 2.40 inches, greater than 2.45 inches, greater than 2.50 inches, or greater than 2.55 inches. LE The range of CG disclosed above Y In combination with the loft vertical axis 35, this represents the club head CG position located on or near the loft vertical axis 35. LE is also a representation of the club head CG, which is centered relative to the perimeter centroid (PC).

[0223] CG LE is the body depth (D B ) in many embodiments. LE / D B The ratio may be between 0.40 and 0.55. In some embodiments, CG LE / D B The ratio may be 0.40 to 0.42, 0.41 to 0.44, 0.43 to 0.47, 0.45 to 0.49, 0.47 to 0.50, 0.48 to 0.51, 0.49 to 0.52, 0.50 to 0.53, 0.51 to 0.54, or 0.52 to 0.55. LE / D B The disclosed ranges for the ratios are specifically tailored to achieve a club head CG position about the perimeter centroid (PC). LE / D B If the ratio is too high or too low, the outer centroid distance (D PC) and reduced discretionary mass, resulting in reduced CG and MOI properties as described herein.

[0224] Referring to Figure 9, the outer centroid distance (D PC ) may refer to the distance between the club head CG and the perimeter centroid (PC) measured parallel to the Y-axis 50. In many embodiments, the distance (D PC The absolute value of the distance (D PC The absolute value of the distance (D ) can be between 0 inches and 0.10 inches, between 0.10 inches and 0.20 inches, between 0.20 inches and 0.30 inches, between 0.30 inches and 0.40 inches, between 0.35 inches and 0.50 inches, or between 0.45 inches and 0.50 inches. PC The absolute value of the distance (D PC The absolute value of the perimeter centroid distance (D ) may be less than 0.50 inches, less than 0.45 inches, less than 0.40 inches, less than 0.30 inches, less than 0.20 inches, or less than 0.10 inches. The club head 100 is configured to center the club head CG relative to the body perimeter. PC ) is small, so naturally I YY improved, I XX / I YY More discretionary mass is available to bring the ratio closer to 1.

[0225] As mentioned above, in many prior art golf club heads, the club head CG is located significantly forward of the club head outer perimeter centroid (PC). PC ) is located at a considerable distance from the club head I YY In other words, the outer centroid distance (D PC ) is small (less than 0.5 inches) means a large club head YYThis means that less discretionary mass is used to achieve this. YY The less discretionary mass used to increase the club head I, such as weight members and / or mass pads, the XX The discretionary mass available for the structure with a larger MOI-D is therefore increased. PC Using the ratio, the outer centroid distance (D PC ) is small, creating discretionary mass in the club head. XX This allows us to measure how effectively the technology is being used to increase the value of the product.

number

[0226] Outer centroid distance (D PC ) using the absolute value of MOI-D PC Since the ratio is calculated, MOI-D PC The ratio is always positive. In some embodiments, the MOI-D PC The ratio may be greater than 500 g-in, greater than 600 g-in, greater than 700 g-in, greater than 800 g-in, greater than 900 g-in, or greater than 1000 g-in. PC The ratio may be 500 g-in to 600 g-in, 600 g-in to 700 g-in, 700 g-in to 800 g-in, 800 g-in to 900 g-in, or 900 g-in to 1000 g-in. As mentioned above, the MOI-D PC A large ratio means that the outer centroid distance (D PC ) is small, so the discretionary mass is I XX / I YY This shows that it is used efficiently to increase the ratio. C.Mass distribution

[0227] I XX / I YY The efficient maximization of the ratio depends on the mass distribution of the golf club head, in addition to the shape and dimensions of the body. XX / I YY Achieving this ratio depends on the amount of discretionary mass in the club head located near the Y' axis 80 and away from the X' axis 70. In doing so, the discretionary mass is increased until it exceeds a threshold value. YY Without raising the XX Therefore, the club head has a relatively large percentage of its total mass about the Y' axis 80. In contrast, I XX / I YY Not a ratio, but I YY Many prior art club heads that focus solely on maximizing Y' axis 80 are perimeter weighted by placing all of the discretionary mass as far away from the Y' axis 80 as possible.

[0228] The mass distribution of the club head can be characterized by the amount of club head mass that resides within the central mass zone (CMZ). With reference to Figures 10 and 11, the central mass zone (CMZ) is defined by an imaginary cylinder centered on the Y' axis 80 and passing through the body 101 from the crown 110 to the sole 112. The size of the central mass zone (CMZ) is determined by the central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) is determined by the central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) is measured perpendicular to the Y′ axis 80 and may be between 0.50 inches and 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, the central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) can be 0.50 inches, 0.55 inches, 0.60 inches, 0.65 inches, 0.70 inches, 0.75 inches, 0.80 inches, 0.85 inches, 0.90 inches, 0.95 inches, 1.00 inches, 1.05 inches, 1.10 inches, 1.15 inches, 1.20 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.30 inches, 1.35 inches, 1.40 inches, 1.45 inches, or 1.50 inches. In many embodiments, the central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) is 1.00 inches. The greater the percentage of the clubhead mass that is within the central mass zone (CMZ), the greater the I YY Although the degree to which increases is small, I XX Therefore, when the club head is IXX / I YY How efficient it is in terms of getting the ratio closer to 1 is directly related to the amount of club head mass that is within the central mass zone (CMZ).

[0229] In many embodiments, the mass distribution of the golf club head 100 can be characterized by the percentage of the total club head mass that is within the central mass zone (CMZ). In some embodiments, 5% to 15% of the total club head mass may be located within the central mass zone (CMZ). In some embodiments, 5% to 7%, 6% to 10%, or 8% to 15% of the total club head mass may be located within the central mass zone (CMZ). The percentage of the total club head mass that is located within the central mass zone (CMZ) is determined by the selected central mass zone radius R. CMZ In many embodiments, the percentage of mass within the central mass zone (CMZ) is determined by the central mass zone radius R of 1.00 inches. CMZ If the percentage of the club head mass within the central mass zone (CMZ) is too small (i.e., below the range above), the golf club head 100 will not achieve a sufficiently large I XX / I YY If the percentage of club head mass within the central mass zone (CMZ) is too large (i.e., greater than the ranges above), the I ratio will be at or near the acceptable limits. YY Furthermore, if too much of the club head mass is in the central mass zone (CMZ), the golf club head 100 may not have enough mass near the rear end 111 to align the club head CG with the perimeter centroid (PC).

[0230] Referring to FIG. 8 , the loft vertical axis 35 may divide the golf club head 100 into two regions. The golf club head 100 defines an upper region (UH), which is located above a plane defined by the loft vertical axis 35, and this plane is perpendicular to both the loft plane 15 and the YZ plane. The golf club head 100 further defines a lower region (LH), which is located below this plane. In many embodiments, the majority of the club head volume may be located in the upper region (UH), while the majority of the club head mass may be located in the lower region (LH). As discussed above, from a ball speed perspective, it is beneficial for the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) to be close to 1. To balance the majority of the club head volume located in the upper region (UH), heavy features, such as the adjustable weighting system and / or one or more mass pads described herein, may be located in the lower region (LH). In many embodiments, the volume within the upper region (UH) is 250 cm 3 ~355cm 3 In some embodiments, the volume within the upper region (UH) may be 250 cm 3 ~265cm 3 , 265cm 3 ~280cm 3 , 280cm 3 ~295cm 3 , 295cm 3 ~310cm 3 , 310cm 3 ~325cm 3 , 325cm 3 ~340cm 3 , or 340cm 3 ~355cm 3 In another embodiment, the volume in the upper region (UH) may be 250 cm 3 Over 280cm 3 Over 295cm 3 Over 310cm 3 Over 325cm 3 Over 340cm 3 Over 355cm 3It may be beyond that.

[0231] As mentioned above, the volume in the lower region (LH) is typically smaller than the volume in the upper region (UH) due to the tilt of the loft vertical axis 35. In many embodiments, the volume in the lower region (LH) is 105 cm 3 ~215cm 3 In some embodiments, the volume within the lower region (LH) may be 105 cm 3 ~115cm 3 , 115cm 3 ~125cm 3 , 125cm 3 ~135cm 3 , 135cm 3 ~145cm 3 , 145cm 3 ~155cm 3 , 155cm 3 ~165cm 3 , 165cm 3 ~175cm 3 , 175cm 3 ~185cm 3 , 185cm 3 ~195cm 3 , 195cm 3 ~205cm 3 , or 205cm 3 ~215cm 3 In another embodiment, the volume within the lower region (LH) may be 105 cm 3 Less than 115cm 3 Less than 125cm 3 Under 135cm 3 Under 145cm 3 Under 155cm 3 Under 165cm 3 Under 175cm 3 Under 185cm 3 Under 195cm 3 Less than 205cm 3 Less than or equal to 215cm 3 It may be less than.

[0232] The club head shape can be further described using the ratio of the club head volume in the upper region (UH) to the club head volume in the lower region (LH). In some embodiments, the ratio of the club head volume in the upper region (UH) to the club head volume in the lower region (LH) may be between 1.20 and 2.0. In some embodiments, the ratio of the club head volume in the upper region (UH) to the club head volume in the lower region (LH) may be between 1.20 and 1.35, 1.35 and 1.50, 1.50 and 1.65, 1.65 and 1.80, 1.80 and 1.95, or 1.95 and 2.00.

[0233] The upper region (UH) typically comprises a significantly larger portion of the club head volume than the lower region (LH), but the lower region (LH) may contain a larger percentage of the total club head mass. For example, the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) may be approximately 1.

[0234] The club head mass within the upper region (UH) may be between 80 grams and 120 grams. In some embodiments, the club head mass within the upper region (UH) may be less than 120 grams, less than 115 grams, less than 110 grams, less than 105 grams, less than 100 grams, less than 95 grams, less than 90 grams, or less than 85 grams. A club head mass within the upper region (UH) of less than 120 grams generally results in a golf club head with a club head CG near the loft vertical axis 35.

[0235] In many embodiments, the club head mass in the lower region (LH) may be between 80 grams and 120 grams, and in some embodiments, the club head mass in the lower region (LH) may be greater than 80 grams, greater than 85 grams, greater than 90 grams, greater than 95 grams, greater than 100 grams, greater than 105 grams, greater than 110 grams, greater than 115 grams, or greater than 120 grams.

[0236] The ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) can be used to measure the efficiency of the mass distribution of the golf club head. In many embodiments, the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) may be between 0.70 and 1.00. In some embodiments, the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) may be between 0.70 and 0.75, 0.75 and 0.80, 0.80 and 0.85, 0.85 and 0.90, 0.90 and 0.95, or 0.95 and 1.00. A ratio of the club head mass in the upper region (UH) to the club head mass in the lower region (LH) of less than 1 typically positions the club head CG closer to the loft vertical axis 35, thereby increasing ball speed.

[0237] 11, the golf club head 100 defines a mid-section (MS) that is generally the center of the body 101. The mid-section (MS) has a mid-section front surface MP F and mid-section rear MP R The front of the middle section is defined by MP F and mid-section rear MP R Each of these is a vertical plane extending in the heel-toe direction parallel to the XY plane. F is the body depth (D B ) is 15% of the leading edge 103 aft. R is the body depth (D B ) is 15% of the distance forward from the rearmost point 117.

[0238] In many embodiments, the mid-section (MS) may comprise a relatively small percentage of the total club head mass. In many embodiments, the mid-section (MS) may comprise 25% to 50% of the total club head mass. In some embodiments, the mid-section (MS) may comprise less than 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, or 10% of the total club head mass. While mass is concentrated in the central mass zone (CMZ) within the mid-section (MS), the mid-section (MS) also includes a mass-reducing structure (e.g., a composite structure) that offsets the mass of the central mass zone (CMZ), resulting in a relatively light overall mid-section (MS) for its volume. Therefore, a low percentage of the total club head mass within the mid-section (MS) indicates the effectiveness of the mass-reducing structure within the mid-section (MS).

[0239] As mentioned above, by placing the club head mass within the central mass zone (CMZ), XX / I YYThe ratio increases to approach 1. It is particularly advantageous to place club head mass already in the mid-section (MS) into the central mass zone (CMZ). The ratio of club head mass in the central mass zone (CMZ) to the mass in the mid-section (MS) may indicate an effective placement of mass in the mid-section (MS). In some embodiments, the ratio of club head mass in the central mass zone (CMZ) to the mass in the mid-section (MS) may be greater than 0.22, greater than 0.25, greater than 0.30, greater than 0.35, greater than 0.40, greater than 0.45, greater than 0.50, greater than 0.55, greater than 0.60, greater than 0.65, greater than 0.70, or greater than 0.75. In other embodiments, the ratio of club head mass in the central mass zone (CMZ) to mass in the midsection (MS) may be 0.22-0.25, 0.25-0.30, 0.30-0.35, 0.35-0.40, 0.40-0.45, 0.45-0.50, 0.50-0.60, 0.60-0.65, 0.65-0.70, or 0.70-0.75. The midsection (MS) may account for a smaller percentage of the total club head mass, yet the central mass zone (CMZ) may be greater than the midsection (MS).

[0240] As mentioned above, I XX / I YY To increase the ratio, it is advantageous to place the mass at the rear. In order to measure the placement efficiency of the club head mass, the mass at the rear mid-plane of the mid-section (MP) of the total club head mass is R ) may be measured. In many embodiments, a significant percentage of the total club head mass is measured behind the mid-section rear mid-plane (MP R In many embodiments, 20% to 40% of the club head's total mass is located rearward of the mid-section rear mid-plane (MP). R In some embodiments, 20% to 25%, 25% to 30%, 30% to 35%, or 35% to 40% of the total club head mass may be located rearward of the mid-section rear mid-plane (MP). R) and 20% to 40% of the total mass of the club head is located behind the mid-section rear midplane (MP R ), 20% or less of the clubhead's total mass is located behind the mid-section rear midplane (MP R ) than the club head that is positioned further back than I XX / I YY Good ratio. Mid-section rear mid-plane (MP R ), the club head CG position approaches the outer centroid (PC).

[0241] Mid-section rear mid-plane (MP R ) provides a similar indicator for measuring the efficiency of mass placement. In many embodiments, a significant portion of the total club head mass is located behind the mid-section rear mid-plane (MP R ) in many embodiments, the mid-section aft midplane (MP R The club head mass located rearward of the mid-section rear mid-plane (MP) may be between 40 grams and 80 grams. R The club head mass located rearward of the middle section rear midplane (MP) may be 40 grams to 46 grams, 45 grams to 50 grams, 50 grams to 55 grams, 55 grams to 60 grams, 60 grams to 65 grams, 65 grams to 70 grams, 70 grams to 75 grams, or 75 grams to 80 grams. R For clubheads with a mass greater than 40 grams located rearward of the mid-section rear midplane (MP R ) compared to a clubhead with a mass less than 40 grams located behind the XX Value and I YY Good value. b. Composite structure i. Overview

[0242] In this specification, I YY To maximize I XX / I YYVarious golf club head structures are described that have a large amount of discretionary mass used to move the ratio closer to 1 and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. Each of the golf club heads described below includes a body having a frame and one or more lightweight composite inserts. The frame is formed from a metal material and provides a sturdy structure to receive the one or more composite inserts. The composite inserts may be crown inserts, sole inserts, center inserts, and various combinations thereof. The one or more composite inserts are secured to the frame to form the body. The frame is configured with openings and lightweight internal reinforcing features that reduce the amount of metal material used to form the frame, thereby reducing the structural mass of the frame. The one or more inserts are formed from a lightweight composite material and can effectively replace portions of the body that would otherwise be formed from metal. By forming at least a portion of the body with one or more composite inserts, additional discretionary mass can be placed near the periphery of the body in a central mass zone (CMZ) or can be used to increase the mass of the mass pads or weight members described herein.

[0243] The midsection (MS) of the body experiences relatively low stress upon impact with a golf ball. Therefore, more composite or lightweight material can be placed near the midsection without compromising the durability of the golf club head. The rest of the body provides the load-bearing structure and the majority of the club head mass. The use of one or more lightweight composite inserts increases the amount of discretionary mass that can be strategically allocated to other parts of the golf club head to improve mass characteristics such as club head CG location and club head MOI. Lightweight composite materials maximize the amount of additional discretionary mass while maintaining durability.

[0244] The golf club heads described herein have a multi-material design. As described above, the golf club head includes one or more composite inserts configured to form one or more portions of the body. The frame that makes up the remainder of the body may be constructed of a metal material, a composite material, a mixture of metal and composite materials, or any combination thereof. The multi-material construction increases discretionary mass compared to an all-metal golf club head, thereby providing greater flexibility in setting the CG position and MOI of the club head. The lack of available discretionary mass in an all-metal golf club head limits mass distribution (e.g., making it difficult to remove mass from the crown or sole).

[0245] The frame may be constructed from one or more materials, such as steel, stainless steel, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, other metals, or metal alloys. In some embodiments, the frame material may be Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy or 17-4 stainless steel. In some embodiments, the frame material may be formed from C300, C350, Ni (nickel)-Co (cobalt)-Cr (chromium)-steel alloy, 565 steel, AISI type 304 or AISI type 630 stainless steel, 17-4 stainless steel, titanium alloys (e.g., but not limited to, Ti-6-4, Ti-3-8-6-4-4, Ti-10-2-3, Ti15-3-3-3, Ti15-5-3, Ti185, Ti6-6-2, Ti-7s, Ti-9s, Ti-92, or Ti-8-1-1 titanium alloys), amorphous metal alloys, or other similar metals.

[0246] In some embodiments, the one or more composite inserts may be constructed from a carbon fiber composite material having multiple layers of unidirectional carbon fiber formed as a single continuous piece. In some embodiments, the one or more composite inserts may be constructed from a bidirectional woven carbon fiber composite material having one layer formed as a single continuous piece. In some embodiments, the one or more composite inserts may be constructed from a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material.

[0247] In the following, I YY To maximize I XX / I YYVarious embodiments of multi-material golf club heads are described that create discretionary mass to increase the ratio and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. Each embodiment described below includes either a central insert or one or more discrete inserts. Each of the discrete inserts is designed to fit within a corresponding opening. The discrete inserts may include a crown insert and a sole insert. Each of the discrete inserts may form a portion of the crown, a portion of the sole, a portion of the heel end, a portion of the toe end, a portion of the rear end, a portion of the perimeter, or any combination thereof. A golf club head may include any number of discrete inserts. A discrete insert may form a portion or portions of the body, but does not extend continuously along the body to form a portion of the crown, a portion of the sole, a portion of the heel end, and a portion of the toe end. Various embodiments of golf club heads with one or more discrete inserts are shown in FIGS. 12-43. Alternatively, the composite insert or inserts may be a central insert, designed to fit within a larger void in the body. The continuous insert may be a single component or may be a multi-component structure. The central insert extends continuously along the body and forms a portion of the crown, a portion of the sole, a portion of the heel end, and a portion of the toe end. Various embodiments of golf club heads with central inserts are shown in Figures 44-60.

[0248] As discussed above, the mid-section (MS) of the body typically experiences relatively low stresses during impact, allowing for more composite or lightweight material to be placed near the mid-section (MS) without compromising the durability of the golf club head. A majority of the mid-section (MS) may be formed by one or more composite inserts. In many embodiments, the one or more composite inserts may form more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80%, more than 90%, or more than 100% of the outer surface area of ​​the mid-section (MS). Forming a majority of the mid-section (MS) from one or more composite inserts reduces mass near the X'-axis 70 and Y'-axis 80, thereby increasing the I XX and I YY When the mid-section (MS) is largely made up of one or more composite inserts, the I YY will naturally increase to approach the USGA limit, and I XX / I YY It also provides discretionary mass that can be strategically reallocated to bring the ratio closer to 1.

[0249] Additionally, a majority of the perimeter of the body may be formed by one or more composite inserts. The club head mass near the perimeter of the body is XX Compared to the contribution to YY The discretionary mass created by removing mass from the perimeter of the body is transferred to the central mass zone (CMZ) or the I of the golf club head. YY without significantly increasing I XX may be redistributed elsewhere to increase I XX / I YY In many embodiments, the composite insert or inserts may form more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, or more than 80% of the body periphery.

[0250] Additionally, a majority of the upper region (UH) of the club head may be formed by one or more composite inserts. Removing mass from the upper region (UH) may redistribute discretionary mass below the loft vertical axis 35, lowering the club head CG location closer to the loft vertical axis 35. In many embodiments, the one or more composite inserts may form more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, or more than 80% of the club head surface area within the upper region (UH).

[0251] Additionally, a significant portion of the lower region (LH) of the club head may be formed by one or more composite inserts. While providing a large amount of lightweight material in the lower region (LH) reduces the mass of the lower body, the resulting discretionary mass can be returned to the golf club head and concentrated in structures below the golf club head, such as a sole-located mass pad and / or a sole-most weight member (which are described in more detail below). This configuration not only maintains a low club head CG position near the loft vertical axis 35, but also allows for a more consistent I YY and / or I XX / I YY The mass distribution can be more tightly tuned to improve the ratio. In many embodiments, the composite insert(s) may form more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, or more than 80% of the club head surface area in the lower region (LH). ii. Discrete Insert Embodiments

[0252] 12-43 illustrate various embodiments of golf club heads that include one or more discrete composite inserts. Each of the embodiments that include one or more discrete composite inserts includes at least one crown insert and at least one sole insert. However, the golf club head may include any number of crown inserts and any number of sole inserts. The one or more composite inserts are secured to a frame to form a body. Each of the one or more discrete inserts is received within a corresponding opening in the frame. Each opening is distinct and defined by one or more portions of the frame. As described above, the frame is formed from a metallic material and provides a sturdy structure for receiving the inserts, and the inserts are secured to the frame by a metal frame. YY To maximize I XX / I YY It is formed from lightweight composite materials that create discretionary mass that can be redistributed throughout the golf club head to move the ratio closer to 1 and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35.

[0253] Golf club head 1000 is used to describe various features of golf club heads that include one or more discrete composite inserts. For example, golf club head 1000 is used to describe various internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses. However, these structures are not limited to golf club head 1000. Various embodiments of club heads that include one or more discrete composite inserts described herein can include any combination of the above structures (including, but not limited to, internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses). A. Discrete crown and sole inserts

[0254] 12-30 illustrate an embodiment of a golf club head including one or more discrete composite inserts. The golf club head 1000 includes two discrete composite inserts: a crown insert 1060 and a sole insert 1070. Referring to FIG. 12, the golf club head 1000 includes a body 1001 having a frame 1030. The frame 1030 provides structure for receiving the crown insert 1060 and the sole insert 1070. The frame 1030 and the crown insert 1060 combine to form a portion of the crown 1010, a portion of the body periphery, and a portion of the sole 1012, and the frame 1030 and the sole insert 1070 combine to form a portion of the sole 1012. Referring to FIGS. 17-19, the frame 1030 includes a front frame 1040 near the front end 1008 of the golf club head 1000 and a rear frame 1050 near the rear end 1011 of the golf club head 1000. The front frame 1040 and the rear frame 1050 are connected by one or more external bridges.

[0255] The front frame 1040 is located near the front end 1008 of the golf club head 1000 and forms a forward portion of the frame 1030. Referring to Figures 17-19, the front frame 1040 includes a front crown return 1041 that forms a forward portion of the crown 1010 and a front sole return 1042 that forms a forward portion of the sole 1012. The front frame 1040 includes the striking face 1002 and further forms the hosel 1005.

[0256] The forward crown return 1041 and the forward sole return 1042 are configured to withstand and dissipate impact stresses associated with the golf club head 1000 striking a golf ball. Most or all of the stresses from impact with the ball are dissipated within the rearward regions of the forward crown return 1041 and the forward sole return 1042. The mid-section (MS), located rearward of the forward crown return 1041 and the forward sole return 1042, does not experience the majority of the impact stresses from striking a ball. Therefore, the presence of the return portions 1041 and 1042 allows the mid-section (MS) to be formed largely from one or more composite inserts. The mass saved from the mid-section (MS) may be allocated elsewhere in the golf club head 1000, such as for weight members. The forward crown return 1041 and the forward sole return 1042 may extend rearward from the striking face 1002 by a distance of 0.25 inches to 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, this distance can be between 0.25 inches and 0.75 inches, between 0.50 inches and 1.00 inches, between 0.75 inches and 1.25 inches, between 1.00 inches and 1.25 inches, or between 1.10 inches and 1.50 inches.

[0257] The rear frame 1050 is located near the rear end 1011 of the golf club head 1000 and forms the rear portion of the frame 1030. Referring to Figures 17-19, the rear frame 1050 includes a rear crown return 1051 that forms the rear portion of the crown 1010 and a rear sole return 1052 that forms the rear portion of the sole 1012. In many embodiments, the rear frame 1050 further includes a weight receiving structure 1092 for receiving a fixed or adjustable weight member 1091.

[0258] The front frame 1040 and the rear frame 1050 are connected by one or more external bridges. The external bridges may extend across the body 1001 and connect various portions of the frame 1030 to one another. The external bridges are visible from the outside of the golf club head 1000 and form part of the surface of the sole 1012. The external bridges define one or more openings to space one or more inserts. The external bridges are cast integrally with the front frame 1040 and the rear frame 1050. Referring to Figures 17-19, the frame 1030 includes a heel-side external bridge 1045A and a toe-side external bridge 1045B, where the heel-side external bridge 1045A connects the forward sole return 1042 to the rear sole return 1052 near the heel end 1004, and the toe-side external bridge 1045B connects the forward sole return 1042 to the rear sole return 1052 near the toe end 1006.

[0259] The external bridges 1045A, 1045B may connect various portions of the front frame 1040 to the rear frame 1050. However, in most embodiments, the external bridges 1045A, 1045B are located near the sole 1012 so that a portion of the crown insert 1060 can wrap around the body periphery and extend into the sole 1012 (as described in more detail below). Although two external bridges are shown in the illustrated frame 1030, the frame 1030 may include any number of external bridges. For example, the frame 1030 may include one external bridge, two external bridges, three external bridges, four external bridges, five external bridges, six external bridges, or any suitable number of external bridges.

[0260] As described above, each of the one or more discrete inserts is received within a corresponding opening in the frame. Each opening is configured with a ledge that forms an interface with the insert. The ledge is recessed toward the interior of the frame 1030, away from the exterior surface of the frame 1030. The crown opening 1031 and the sole opening 1033 are separate openings separated by a heel-side external bridge 1045A and a toe-side external bridge 1045B.

[0261] 17-19, the frame includes a series of ledges 1032A, 1032B, 1032C, and 1032D, which collectively form a crown ledge and define a crown opening 1031. The crown opening 1031 is surrounded by a front frame 1040, a rear frame 1050, a heel external bridge 1045A, and a toe external bridge 1045B. The crown ledge is recessed from the exterior surface of the body 1001 to accommodate the overlapping thickness of the crown insert 1060, the crown ledge, and any adhesive used to secure these two components together. The crown ledge thus allows the exterior surface of the crown insert 1060 to be flush with the surface of the adjacent frame 1030.

[0262] The crown ledge extends between the front frame 1040 and the rear frame 1050. The crown ledge is located primarily on the crown 1010 and wraps around the outer periphery of the body toward the sole 1012. The crown ledge includes a front crown ledge 1032A, a toe-side crown ledge 1032B located on the sole adjacent to the toe, a heel-side crown ledge 1032C located on the sole adjacent to the heel, and a rear crown ledge 1032D located on the crown 1010 at the rear of the club head. The front crown ledge 1032A is formed by a portion of the front crown return 1041, and the rear crown ledge 1032D is formed by a portion of the rear crown return 1051. The toe-side crown ledge 1032B is formed by a portion of the toe-side external bridge 1045B, and the heel-side crown ledge 1032C is formed by a portion of the heel-side external bridge 1045A. The crown insert 1060 has a shape complementary to the crown opening 1031 so that the crown insert 1060 completely covers and seals the crown opening 1031 and overlaps the crown ledge 1032 .

[0263] Referring to FIG. 17, the crown ledge has a crown ledge width (W ) measured across the surface of the crown ledge between the beginning of the recess and the edge of the crown opening 1031. CL In some embodiments, the crown ledge width (W CL ) may be constant across the entire crown ledge. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the crown ledge width (W CL ) may vary at the forward crown ledge 1032A, the toe crown ledge 1032B, the heel crown ledge 1032C, and / or the rear crown ledge 1032D. CL ) is 0.10 inches to 0.30 inches. For example, the crown ledge width (W CL) may be 0.10 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.20 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.30 inches, or 0.25 inches to 0.30 inches. CL ) is sized to provide sufficient interface area with the crown insert 1060 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0264] The crown ledge has an inner surface facing the hollow interior cavity 1007 and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The crown ledge defines a crown ledge thickness measured between the outer surface and the inner surface of the crown ledge 1032. In some embodiments, the crown ledge thickness may be constant throughout the crown ledge 1032. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the crown ledge thickness may vary in the anterior crown ledge 1032A, the toe crown ledge 1032B, the heel crown ledge 1032C, and / or the posterior crown ledge 1032D. The crown ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.035 inches. For example, the crown ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.035 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.030 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.035 inches. In some embodiments, the posterior crown ledge 1032D is thicker than other portions of the crown ledge to withstand stresses imposed on the crown ledge by weight members disposed within the posterior frame 1050. In these embodiments, the crown ledge thickness may be greater than 0.020 inches near the posterior crown ledge 1032D. The crown ledge thickness is sized to provide structural support for the crown insert 1060 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0265] 17-19, the frame 1030 further includes a series of ledges 1034A, 1034B, 1034C, and 1034D, which collectively form a sole ledge and define a sole opening 1033. The sole opening 1033 is bounded by the front frame 1040, the rear frame 1050, a heel exterior bridge 1045A, and a toe exterior bridge 1045B. The sole ledge is recessed from the exterior surface of the body 1001 to accommodate the overlapping thickness of the sole insert 1070, the sole ledge, and any adhesive used to secure these two components together, thereby allowing the exterior surface of the sole insert 1070 to be flush with the surface of the adjacent frame 1030.

[0266] The sole ledge extends between the front frame 1040 and the rear frame 1050. In the illustrated embodiment, the sole ledge is contained entirely within the sole 1012, and the sole ledge does not wrap around the body periphery toward the crown 1010. However, in other embodiments, the sole ledge may wrap around the body periphery toward the crown 1010. The sole ledge includes a forward sole ledge 1034A, a toe sole ledge 1034B, a heel sole ledge 1034C, and a rear sole ledge 1034D. The forward sole ledge 1034A is formed by a portion of the forward sole return 1042, and the rear sole ledge 1034D is formed by a portion of the rear sole return 1052. The toe sole ledge 1034B is formed by a portion of the toe external bridge 1045B, and the heel sole ledge 1034C is formed by a portion of the heel external bridge 1045A. The sole insert has a shape complementary to the sole opening 1033, completely covering and sealing the sole opening 1033 and overlapping the sole ledge.

[0267] Referring to FIG. 19, the sole ledge has a sole ledge width (W ) measured across the surface of the sole ledge between the beginning of the recess and the edge of the sole opening 1033. SL) is specified. Sole ledge width (W SL ) may be constant across the entire sole ledge. Alternatively, the sole ledge width (W SL ) may vary at the forward sole ledge 1034A, the toe sole ledge 1034B, the heel sole ledge 1034C, and the rear sole ledge 1034D. SL ) may be 0.10 inches to 0.80 inches. For example, the sole ledge width (W SL ) may be 0.10 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.20 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.30 inches, 0.25 inches to 0.50 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.60 inches, 0.50 inches to 0.75 inches, or 0.60 inches to 0.80 inches. SL ) is sized to provide sufficient interface area with the sole insert 1070 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0268] The sole ledge has an inner surface facing the hollow interior cavity 1007 and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The sole ledge defines a sole ledge thickness measured between the outer surface and the inner surface of the sole ledge. In some embodiments, the sole ledge thickness may be constant throughout the sole ledge. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the sole ledge thickness may vary in the forward sole ledge 1034A, the toe sole ledge 1034B, the heel sole ledge 1034C, and / or the rear sole ledge 1034D. The sole ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.035 inches. For example, the sole ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.035 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.030 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.035 inches. In some embodiments, the rear sole ledge 1034D is thicker than other portions of the sole ledge to withstand stresses exerted on the sole ledge by the weight member 1091. In these embodiments, the sole ledge thickness may be greater than 0.020 inches near the rear sole ledge 1034D. The sole ledge thickness is sized to provide structural support for the sole insert 1070 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0269] As mentioned above, the frame 1030 provides a sturdy structure to receive one or more lightweight composite inserts. YY and the above-mentioned I XX / I YYThis results in a high-performance club head that balances other performance characteristics such as club head ratio, power transfer, aerodynamics, and CG adjustability. Referring to FIGS. 12-14 , a crown insert 1060 is received in the crown opening 1031, and a sole insert 1070 is received in the sole opening 1033, thereby enclosing a hollow interior cavity 1007. The crown insert 1060 provides a lightweight structure that reduces the mass of the crown 1010, allowing for additional discretionary mass to be redistributed to other portions of the golf club head 1000. In particular, reducing mass from the crown 1010 and the perimeter of the body using the crown insert 1060 is effective in lowering the club head CG toward the loft vertical axis 35.

[0270] The crown insert 1060 has an inner surface facing the hollow interior cavity 1007 and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The forward crown return 1041 forms a forward portion of the crown 1010 proximate the striking face 1002, the rear crown return 1051 forms a portion of the crown 1010 proximate the rear end 1011, and the outer surface of the crown insert may form the remainder of the crown 1010. In many embodiments, the outer surface of the crown insert forms the majority of the surface of the crown 1010.

[0271] The crown insert 1060 includes a crown insert periphery 1064 that follows the contour of the crown insert 1060. Referring to Figures 13 and 14, the crown insert periphery 1064 includes a crown insert forward edge 1064A, a crown insert toe edge 1064B, a crown insert heel edge 1064C, and a crown insert rearward edge 1064D. The crown insert 1060 is joined to the frame 1030 near the crown insert periphery 1064.

[0272] 14 to 16, the crown insert 1060 wraps around the heel end 1004 and the toe end 1006 and forms a part of the sole 1012. Therefore, the crown insert 1060 forms a part of the outer periphery of the body at the heel end 1004 and the toe end 1006. The crown insert 1060 includes a crown insert heel covering portion 1062A and a crown insert toe covering portion 1062B. The crown insert heel covering portion 1062A forms at least a part of the sole 1012 near the heel end 1004, and the crown insert toe covering portion 1062B forms at least a part of the sole 1012 near the toe end 1006. The crown insert 1060 reduces the mass of the heel end 1004, the toe end 1006, and the sole 1012 by replacing the generally dense frame material with a lightweight material. The mass secured by the crown insert 1060 is defined as I YY To maximize I XX / I YY The ratio can be redistributed to approach unity and / or to position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. In particular, the crown insert 1060 can be wrapped around the body periphery at the toe and heel to reduce the I YY The mass of the peripheral area, which contributes significantly to the mass of the I, is reduced. Therefore, the resulting discretionary mass can be used for the I, such as the centrally located mass pad or weight member 1091. XX / I YY They can be rearranged to a position that brings the ratio closer to 1.

[0273] The wraparound design of the Crown Insert 1060 facilitates increased mass in the central mass zone (CMZ), XX / I YYIn many embodiments, the crown insert heel covering portion 1062A and the crown insert toe covering portion 1062B form a portion of the body perimeter and a portion of the sole 1012 near the body perimeter, both of which are portions outside the central mass zone (CMZ). This configuration of the crown insert 1060 reduces mass from the portion of the sole 1012 outside the central mass zone (CMZ). The discretionary mass achieved by reducing mass from the body perimeter and the sole 1012 due to the wraparound design of the crown insert 1060 is referred to as I XX / I YY It can be redistributed into the central mass zone (CMZ) to bring the ratio closer to 1.

[0274] In some embodiments, the crown insert 1060 does not wrap around the rear edge of the body 1001. As shown in FIG. 13 , the crown insert rear edge 1064D fits within the periphery of the crown 1010 and does not extend to the rear end 1011 or to the sole 1012. In many embodiments, the crown insert rear edge 1064D may be located quite close to the rear end 1011, as shown in FIG. 13 . In other embodiments, the crown insert rear edge 1064D may be a significant distance away from the rear end 1011. In this configuration, the rear connection between the crown insert 1060 and the rear frame 1050 is spaced away from the rear end 1011. This often provides sufficient space between the composite crown insert 1060 and the weight member 1091 located proximate the rear end 1011, providing both manufacturing and durability advantages. Manufacturers often require a large clearance between such weight members 1091 and the composite component so that the shape of the weight receiving structure 1092 can be cast.

[0275] The amount of non-metallic material forming the body 1001 can be characterized by the percentage of the crown surface area formed by the crown insert 1060 and / or the percentage of the sole surface area formed by the sole insert 1070. The crown insert 1060 removes significant mass from the crown 1010. The crown insert 1060 occupies between 50% and 85% of the crown surface area. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1060 occupies between 50% and 55%, 55% and 60%, 60% and 65%, 65% and 70%, 70% and 75%, 75% and 80%, or 80% and 85% of the crown surface area. The lightweight material occupying a larger portion of the crown 1010 reduces the structural mass of the body 1001 near the crown. This reduction in structural mass mitigates the adverse effect of the cube-shaped body shape on the clubhead CG position.

[0276] By virtue of the crown insert heel coverage 1062A and the crown insert toe coverage 1062B, the crown insert 1060 also significantly reduces mass from the sole 1012. The crown insert 1060 occupies between 3% and 25% of the sole surface area. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1060 occupies between 3% and 7%, 5% and 11%, 7% and 13%, 9% and 15%, 11% and 20%, or 13% and 25% of the sole surface area. Furthermore, the crown insert 1060 forms between 25% and 75% of the body periphery. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1060 occupies between 25% and 40%, 35% and 50%, 45% and 60%, 50% and 70%, or 65% and 75% of the body periphery. The crown insert coverage is selected to reduce a significant amount of mass from the crown 1010. The greater the proportion of the body 1001 formed from non-metallic materials, the greater the reduction in I XX / I YY The amount of discretionary mass strategically allocated to bring the ratio closer to 1 increases.

[0277] The crown insert 1060 defines a crown insert thickness measured between the inner and outer surfaces of the crown insert 1060. In some embodiments, the crown insert thickness may be uniform throughout the crown insert 1060. In other embodiments, the crown insert thickness may vary throughout the crown insert 1060. The crown insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the crown insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.030 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.035 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the crown insert thickness may be less than 0.040 inches, less than 0.035 inches, less than 0.030 inches, less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, or less than 0.015 inches. The crown insert thickness is large enough to provide a durable crown insert 1060 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the crown insert 1060 .

[0278] The crown insert 1060 has a very low mass despite forming a majority of the body 1001. The crown insert 1060 has a crown insert mass of 5 grams to 20 grams. In some embodiments, the crown insert mass is 5 grams to 12 grams, 10 grams to 15 grams, 12 grams to 18 grams, or 15 grams to 20 grams. In some embodiments, the crown insert mass may be less than 20 grams, less than 19 grams, less than 18 grams, less than 17 grams, less than 16 grams, less than 15 grams, less than 14 grams, less than 13 grams, less than 12 grams, less than 11 grams, less than 10 grams, less than 9 grams, less than 8 grams, less than 7 grams, or less than 6 grams. The crown insert mass is selected to provide a lightweight crown insert 1060 that reduces the structural mass of the body 1001.

[0279] The lightweight sole insert 1070 reduces the mass of the sole 1012, which in turn increases the discretionary mass that can be redistributed to other portions of the golf club head 1000. The sole insert 1070 reduces mass low in the body 1001, but discretionary mass can be redistributed to other low locations, such as the rear weight member located most sole or the mass pad located in the sole, which lowers the club head CG location and better distributes mass, resulting in an I XX / I YY The ratio approaches 1.

[0280] The sole insert 1070 has an inner surface facing the hollow interior cavity 1007 and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The forward sole return 1042 forms a forward portion of the sole 1012 adjacent the striking face 1002, the rear sole return 1052 forms a portion of the sole 1012 adjacent the rear end 1011, and the outer surface of the sole insert may form the remainder of the sole 1012. In the illustrated embodiment, the sole insert 1070 is contained within the sole 1012 and does not extend upwardly beyond the body periphery. However, in other embodiments, the sole insert 1070 may wrap around the body periphery and form part of the crown 1010. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12-19, the sole insert 1070 does not form part of the weight-receiving structure 1092. In other embodiments, the sole insert 1070 may define a portion of the weight-receiving structure 1092.

[0281] The sole insert 1070 has a sole insert periphery 1074 that follows the contour of the sole insert 1070. Referring to Figure 14, the sole insert periphery 1074 has a sole insert front edge 1074A, a sole insert toe edge 1074B, a sole insert heel edge 1074C, and a sole insert rear edge 1074D. The sole insert 1070 is joined to the frame 1030 near the periphery of the sole insert 1070.

[0282] The sole insert 1070 forms a majority of the sole 1012, increasing discretionary mass. The sole insert 1070 occupies 25% to 75% of the sole surface area. In some embodiments, the sole insert 1070 occupies 25% to 50%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 75%, or 60% to 75% of the sole surface area. The coverage of the sole insert is selected to reduce a significant amount of mass from the sole 1012. The greater the proportion of the body 1001 that is made of non-metallic material, the greater the reduction in I XX / I YY The discretionary mass that can be strategically allocated to bring the ratio closer to 1 increases.

[0283] 15 and 16 show toe and heel elevation views, respectively, of the golf club head 1000. As shown, a portion of the sole insert 1070 extends upward from the lowest portion of the sole 1012 toward the outer periphery of the body near the heel end 1004 and the toe end 1006. The sole insert 1070 increases the body height (H B ) extends upwardly across a majority of the sole insert 1070. In many embodiments, a portion of the sole insert 1070 extends into the upper region (UH). In these embodiments, the sole insert 1070 reduces mass in the upper region (UH) and allows discretionary mass to be redistributed to the lower region (LH). The size of the sole insert 1070 can be characterized by the percentage of the sole insert surface area that is located within the upper region (UH). In many embodiments, between 5% and 30% of the sole insert surface area is located within the upper region (UH). In some embodiments, between 5% and 10%, 10% and 15%, 15% and 20%, 20% and 25%, or 25% and 30% of the sole insert surface area is located within the upper region (UH).

[0284] The sole insert 1070 removes mass from the sole 1012, which is typically considered a desirable location for mass to lower the club head CG and increase the club head MOI. However, the mass provided by the sole insert 1070 can be used to lower the club head CG and increase the MOI. XX / I YY The mass captured by the sole insert 1070 can be redistributed to a portion of the body 1001 that is more effective at lowering the club head CG. In many embodiments, the mass captured by the sole insert 1070 can be redistributed to the weight member 1091, which is often more effective at lowering the club head CG. In many embodiments, a portion of the sole insert 1070 can be redistributed to the weight member CG. W The heel end 1004 and the toe end 1006 are extended to a height higher than the height of the club head (described later). XX / I YY The effectiveness of the sole insert 1070 in bringing the ratio closer to 1 is W In many embodiments, 15% to 50% of the sole insert area is located above the weight member CG W In some embodiments, 15% to 25%, 20% to 40%, 25% to 35%, 30% to 45%, or 35% to 50% of the sole insert is located above the weight member CG W By redistributing mass to the sole-most weight element 1091 and internal mass features located in the sole 1012, the club head CG is kept low and the I XX / I YY This results in a better mass distribution for the ratio.

[0285] The sole insert 1070 defines a sole insert thickness measured between the inner surface and the outer surface. In some embodiments, the sole insert thickness may be uniform throughout the sole insert 1070. In other embodiments, the sole insert thickness may vary throughout the sole insert 1070. The sole insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the sole insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.030 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.035 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the sole insert thickness may be less than 0.040 inches, less than 0.035 inches, less than 0.030 inches, less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, or less than 0.015 inches. The sole insert thickness is sufficient to provide a durable sole insert 1070 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the sole insert 1070.

[0286] The sole insert 1070 has a very low mass despite forming a large portion of the body 1001. The sole insert 1070 has a sole insert mass of 4 grams to 20 grams. In some embodiments, the sole insert mass can be 4 grams to 12 grams, 10 grams to 15 grams, 12 grams to 18 grams, or 15 grams to 20 grams. In some embodiments, the sole insert mass can be less than 20 grams, less than 19 grams, less than 18 grams, less than 17 grams, less than 16 grams, less than 15 grams, less than 14 grams, less than 13 grams, less than 12 grams, less than 11 grams, less than 10 grams, less than 9 grams, less than 8 grams, less than 7 grams, or less than 6 grams. The sole insert mass is selected to provide a lightweight sole insert 1070 that reduces the structural mass of the body 1001.

[0287] Although the one or more discrete inserts form a majority of the body 1001, they account for only a small percentage of the total club head mass. In many embodiments, the total mass of the one or more discrete inserts accounts for 3%-20% of the total club head mass. In some embodiments, the total mass of the one or more discrete inserts accounts for 3%-10%, 5%-15%, 7%-16%, 10%-15%, 12%-20%, or 15%-20% of the total club head mass. Thus, the one or more discrete inserts provide a YY To maximize I XX / I YY This creates a lot of discretionary mass that can be redistributed throughout the club head to move the ratio closer to 1 and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis.

[0288] The body shape of a golf club head generally affects the sound and feel response. The body shapes described herein may capture dominant vibrations at impact, potentially resulting in a harsh sound or feel at impact. The golf club head 1000 may further include various internal reinforcing structures that reduce vibrations in specific areas of the body 1001. The internal reinforcing structures may be provided to dampen vibrations and provide a more desirable, muted sound and feel response.

[0289] The location of the internal reinforcing structures can improve structural rigidity and / or acoustic / vibration response. The internal reinforcing structures may be located in the frame 1030, the crown insert 1060, and / or the sole insert 1070. In some embodiments, the frame 1030 may include one or more internal bridges extending across one or more openings to further reinforce each opening. In some embodiments, the frame 1030 may include one or more frame ribs extending along the inner surface of the frame 1030 to reinforce various locations that experience high vibrations during impact. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1060 and / or the sole insert 1070 may include one or more insert ribs extending along the inner surface of the insert. The golf club head 1000 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures described below.

[0290] The golf club head 1000 may include one or more internal bridges to structurally reinforce the crown opening 1031 and / or the sole opening 1033. The internal bridges contact the interior surfaces of one or more of the discrete inserts, thereby increasing the surface area available for bonding between the inserts and the frame 1030. The internal bridges also reduce vibrations of the frame 1030. The internal bridges may be positioned along any desired portion of the frame 1030 to improve structural rigidity and / or acoustic / vibration response.

[0291] The internal bridges are offset inward from the outer surface of the frame 1030 and are hidden beneath one or more of the discrete inserts. The internal bridges are concealed by the inserts so that they are not visible from the outside of the golf club head 1000. Like the external bridges 1045A, 1045B, the internal bridges are integrally formed with the frame 1030 and extend across openings to connect various portions of the frame 1030. The internal bridges differ from the external bridges 1045A, 1045B because they do not define openings. Rather, they are disposed within the openings and extend across at least a portion of their respective openings. The internal bridges may be located near the crown 1010, near the sole 1012, and / or near the periphery of the body. Various examples of internal bridges are shown in FIGS. 20A-22C. The golf club head 1000 may include any combination of the internal bridges described herein.

[0292] 20A-20C show a frame 1030 including two external bridges 1045A, 1045B, two internal bridges 1055A, 1055B, and two frame ribs 1046A, 1046B. The front internal bridge 1055A and the rear internal bridge 1055B extend diagonally across the sole opening 1033 between the toe external bridge 1045B and the forward sole return 1042. The front frame rib 1046A extends upwardly from the front internal bridge 1055A, and the rear frame rib 1046B extends upwardly from the rear internal bridge 1055B (discussed in more detail below).

[0293] 21A-21C show a frame 1030 including two external bridges 1045A, 1045B and two internal sole bridges 1056A, 1056B. The heel-side sole bridge 1056A and the toe-side sole bridge 1056B extend across the sole opening 1033 in the front-to-rear direction between the front sole return 1042 and the rear sole return 1052.

[0294] 22A-22C show a frame 1030 including two external bridges 1045A, 1045B, two internal sole bridges 1056A, 1056B, and two internal crown bridges 1057A, 1057B. The heel-side sole bridge 1056A and the toe-side sole bridge 1056B extend across the sole opening 1033 in the front-to-back direction between the forward sole return 1042 and the rear sole return 1052. The heel-side crown bridge 1057A and the toe-side crown bridge 1057B extend across the crown opening 1031 in the front-to-back direction between the forward crown return 1041 and the rear crown return 1051.

[0295] As described above, an internal bridge may connect any two portions of the frame 1030. The internal bridge may have any shape and may extend in any direction between adjacent portions of the opening. For example, the internal bridge may extend in a front-to-back direction, a heel-toe direction, or an oblique direction. The internal bridge may be parallel to the hitting face 1002, perpendicular to the hitting face 1002, or oblique to the hitting face 1002. In some embodiments, the internal bridge may be oblique to the hitting face 1002 at approximately 5 degrees to 45 degrees. In embodiments including multiple internal bridges, the internal bridges may be approximately parallel to each other or oblique to each other. In some embodiments, the internal bridges may cross each other. While each illustrated embodiment includes either two or four internal bridges, the frame 1030 may include any number of internal bridges. For example, the frame 1030 may include one internal bridge, two internal bridges, three internal bridges, four internal bridges, five internal bridges, six internal bridges, or any suitable number of internal bridges.

[0296] One or more internal bridges are defined by the internal bridge width (W IB1055A and the frame 1030. The frame 1030 has various dimensions, including the inner bridge 1055A, inner bridge 1055B, inner bridge 1055C, and inner bridge thickness. Each dimension is sized to provide sufficient structural support for the frame 1030. While the inner bridge 1055A used to describe certain dimensions is located near the sole 1012, the following dimensions are applicable to any inner bridge located anywhere on the frame 1030.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 20C, each internal bridge has an internal bridge width (W IB In some embodiments, the inner bridge width (W IB ) may be constant across the entire interior bridge. In other embodiments, the interior bridge width (W IB ) may vary in any direction across the interior bridge. IB ) is 0.10 inches to 1.50 inches. For example, the internal bridge width (W IB ) can be 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.35 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.20 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.35 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.40 inches, 0.25 inches to 0.50 inches, 0.30 inches to 0.80 inches, 0.50 inches to 0.75 inches, 0.60 inches to 0.90 inches, 0.75 inches to 1.00 inches, 0.90 inches to 1.20 inches, 1.00 inches to 1.30 inches, 1.25 inches to 1.40 inches, or 1.30 inches to 1.50 inches. IB ) is large enough to provide sufficient structural support for frame 1030 without significantly increasing the structural mass of frame 1030.

[0298] Each internal bridge defines an internal bridge thickness measured between the outer and inner surfaces of the internal bridge. In some embodiments, the internal bridge thickness may be constant throughout the internal bridge. In other embodiments, the internal bridge thickness may vary in any direction throughout the internal bridge. The internal bridge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.050 inches. For example, the internal bridge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.020 inches, 0.015 inches and 0.025 inches, 0.020 inches and 0.025 inches, 0.020 inches and 0.035 inches, 0.025 inches and 0.030 inches, 0.035 inches and 0.045 inches, or 0.035 inches and 0.050 inches. The internal bridge thickness is sufficient to provide adequate structural support for the frame 1030 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0299] In some embodiments, the internal bridge may be integrally cast with the frame 1030 and formed from the same material as the frame 1030. In other embodiments, the internal bridge may be separately formed and attached to the frame 1030. In embodiments in which the internal bridge is separately formed, the internal bridge may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, a separately formed internal bridge may be attached to the frame 1030 using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0300] The frame 1030 may further include one or more frame ribs to structurally reinforce portions of the frame 1030. The frame ribs improve acoustics by reducing vibration in specific areas of the frame 1030. The frame ribs may be positioned along any desired portion of the front frame 1040 and / or aft frame 1050 to improve structural stiffness and / or acoustic / vibration response.

[0301] The frame ribs extend along the interior surface of the frame 1030. Like the interior bridge, the frame ribs may be integrally formed with the frame 1030. Alternatively, the frame ribs may be formed separately and attached to the frame 1030 via a connection mechanism. The frame ribs may be located near the crown 1010, near the sole 1012, and / or near the body perimeter. Various examples of frame ribs are shown in FIG. 18 and FIGS. 20A-20C. The frame 1030 may include any combination of the frame ribs described herein.

[0302] 18, the frame 1030 may include a pair of frame ribs 1053A, 1053B located near the rear end 1011 and extending generally in the front-to-rear direction. The frame ribs 1053A, 1053B may be particularly useful in embodiments including a weight member 1091 connected to the lower rear portion of the body 1001. In such embodiments, the frame ribs 1053A, 1053B are effective in damping vibrations caused by providing the weight member 1091, which has a large mass, at the rear portion of the club head.

[0303] In some embodiments, the frame ribs may be integrally formed with one or more interior bridges. In these embodiments, the interior bridges form a platform, and the frame ribs extend upward from the interior bridges into the hollow interior cavity 1007. FIGS. 20A-20C show a frame 1030 with a front frame rib 1046A extending upward from a front interior bridge 1055A and a rear frame rib 1046B extending upward from a rear interior bridge 1055B. The interior bridges 1055A, 1055B and frame ribs 1046A, 1046B extend diagonally across the sole opening between the toe exterior bridge 1045B and the forward sole return 1042.

[0304] As described above, the frame ribs may extend along any portion of the frame 1030. The frame ribs may have any shape and may extend in any direction along the inner surface of the frame 1030. For example, the frame ribs may extend in a front-to-back direction, a heel-to-toe direction, or an oblique direction. The frame ribs may be parallel to the striking face 1002, perpendicular to the striking face 1002, or oblique to the striking face 1002. In some embodiments, the frame ribs may be oblique to the striking face 1002 at approximately 5 degrees to 45 degrees. In embodiments including multiple frame ribs, the frame ribs may be approximately parallel to each other or oblique to each other. In some embodiments, the frame ribs may intersect each other. The frame 1030 may include any number of frame ribs. For example, the frame 1030 may include one frame rib, two frame ribs, three frame ribs, four frame ribs, five frame ribs, six frame ribs, or any suitable number of frame ribs.

[0305] One or more frame ribs may be FR 1030. The frame 1030 includes various dimensions, including frame rib length, and frame rib width. Each dimension is sized to provide sufficient structural support for the frame 1030. Although the frame rib 1046A used to describe certain dimensions is located near the sole 1012, the following dimensions are applicable to any frame rib located anywhere on the frame 1030.

[0306] Referring to FIG. 20A, each frame rib has a frame rib height (H ) measured across the surface of the frame rib in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the frame 1030. FR In some embodiments, the frame rib height (H FR ) may be constant across the frame rib. In other embodiments, the frame rib height (H FR) may vary in any direction across an individual frame rib. Additionally, in some embodiments, the frame rib height (H FR ) may be constant between adjacent frame ribs, but in other embodiments, the frame rib height (H FR ) may vary between frame ribs. Frame rib height (H (FR ) is 0.01 inches to 0.90 inches. For example, the frame rib height (H FR ) may be 0.01 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.50 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.75 inches, 0.50 inches to 0.80 inches, or 0.75 inches to 0.90 inches. FR ) is large enough to provide sufficient structural support for frame 1030 without significantly increasing the structural mass of frame 1030.

[0307] Each frame rib further defines a frame rib length measured along the frame rib between the frame rib's most distant endpoints. The frame rib length may be measured in a front-to-back direction, a heel-to-toe direction, or a diagonal direction, depending on the orientation of the frame rib. In some embodiments, the frame rib length may be constant between adjacent frame ribs, while in other embodiments, the frame rib length may vary between frame ribs. In many embodiments, the frame rib length is between 1.00 inches and 5.00 inches. In some embodiments, the frame rib length is between 1.00 inches and 1.50 inches, 1.25 inches and 2.75 inches, 2.40 inches and 3.60 inches, 2.50 inches and 2.80 inches, 2.75 inches and 4.00 inches, 3.25 inches and 4.50 inches, 3.40 inches and 4.70 inches, 3.50 inches and 4.90 inches, or 4.25 inches and 5.00 inches. In many embodiments, the frame rib length is determined by the body width (W B In some embodiments, the frame rib length may be 25% to 90% of the body width (W B) 25% to 45%, 40% to 60%, 45% to 70%, 55% to 75%, 60% to 80%, or 75% to 90% of the frame rib length. The frame rib length is large enough to provide sufficient structural support for the frame 1030 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 1030.

[0308] In some embodiments, the frame ribs may be integrally cast with the frame 1030 and formed from the same material as the frame 1030. In other embodiments, the frame ribs may be separately formed and attached to the frame 1030. In embodiments in which the frame ribs are separately formed, the frame ribs may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, the separately formed frame ribs may be attached to the frame 1030 using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0309] In some embodiments, one or more composite inserts may include one or more insert ribs. Similar to frame ribs, insert ribs can dampen vibrations to provide a more desirable, muted sound and feel response. The insert ribs may be located along any desired portion of the insert or inserts that improves structural rigidity or acoustic / vibration response. The insert ribs may be located on the crown insert 1060, the sole insert 1070, or a combination thereof.

[0310] The insert ribs extend along the inner surface of the insert(s). The insert ribs may be integrally formed with the insert(s) or may be formed separately and attached to the insert(s) via a connection mechanism. The insert ribs may be located near the crown 1010, near the sole 1012, and / or near the periphery of the body. Various examples of insert ribs are shown in FIGS. 23A-28C. The crown insert 1060 and / or the sole insert 1070 may include any combination of the insert ribs described herein.

[0311] 23A and 23B show a crown insert 1060 having two insert ribs 1065A, 1065B, each extending in a heel-to-toe direction on the crown insert 1060. The front insert rib 1065A is located at the front end 1008, and the rear insert rib 1065B is located at the rear end 1011.

[0312] 24A and 24B show a crown insert 1060 having two insert ribs 1066A, 1066B extending in the front-to-rear direction on the crown insert 1060. The heel-side insert rib 1066A is located on the heel end 1004 side, and the toe-side insert rib is located on the toe end 1006 side.

[0313] 25A and 25B show a sole insert 1070 having two insert ribs 1075A, 1075B that extend diagonally across the sole insert 1070 between the toe-side external bridge 1045B and the forward sole return 1042.

[0314] As described above, the insert ribs may extend along any portion of the one or more composite inserts. The insert ribs may have any shape and may extend in any direction along the inner surface of the one or more composite inserts. For example, the insert ribs may extend in a front-to-back direction, a heel-to-toe direction, or an oblique direction. The insert ribs may be parallel to the striking face 1002, perpendicular to the striking face 1002, or oblique to the striking face 1002. In some embodiments, the insert ribs may be oblique to the striking face 1002 at approximately 5 degrees to 45 degrees. In embodiments including multiple insert ribs, the insert ribs may be approximately parallel to each other or oblique to each other. In some embodiments, the insert ribs may intersect each other. Each insert may include any number of insert ribs. For example, each insert may include one insert rib, two insert ribs, three insert ribs, four insert ribs, five insert ribs, six insert ribs, or any suitable number of insert ribs.

[0315] One or more insert ribs can be inserted by insert rib length (L IR ), insert rib height (H IR ), and insert rib offset (O IR ) each dimension is dimensioned to provide sufficient structural support for the respective composite insert. While the insert ribs used to describe these dimensions are located on the crown insert 1060, the following dimensions are also applicable to any insert ribs located on the crown insert 1060, the sole insert 1070, and / or the center insert (discussed in more detail below).

[0316] Referring to FIGS. 26A and 27A, each insert rib has an insert rib length (L) measured across the surface of the insert rib between the end points of the insert rib. IR ) is specified. Insert rib length (LIR ) can be measured in the front-to-back, heel-to-toe, or diagonal direction depending on the orientation of the insert rib. In some embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) may be constant between adjacent ribs, but in other embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) may vary between insert ribs. In many embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) is between 1.00 inches and 5.00 inches. In some embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) are 1.00" to 1.50", 1.25" to 2.75", 2.40" to 3.60", 2.50" to 2.80", 2.75" to 4.00", 3.25" to 4.50", 3.40" to 4.70", 3.50" to 4.90", or 4.25" to 5.00".

[0317] Referring to FIG. 26A, in some embodiments including an insert rib 1065 extending in the heel-toe direction, the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body width (W B In some embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body width (W B ) may be 25% to 90% of the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body width (W B ) is 25% to 45%, 40% to 60%, 45% to 70%, 55% to 75%, 60% to 80%, or 75% to 90% of the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body depth (D B In some embodiments, the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body depth (D B ) may be 25% to 90% of the insert rib length (L IR ) is the body depth (D B) is 25%~45%, 40%~60%, 45%~70%, 55%~75%, 60%~80%, or 75%~90% of the insert rib length (L IR ) is large enough to provide adequate structural support for the corresponding composite insert without significantly increasing the structural mass of the composite insert.

[0318] 28A-28C, each insert rib 1065 has an insert rib height (H IR In some embodiments, the insert rib height (H IR ) may be constant across the insert rib 1065. In other embodiments, the insert rib height (H IR ) may vary in any direction across the individual insert ribs 1065. Additionally, in some embodiments, the insert rib height (H IR ) may be constant between adjacent ribs, but in other embodiments, the insert rib height (H IR ) may vary between insert ribs. Insert rib height (H IR ) is 0.01 inches to 0.90 inches. For example, the insert rib height (H IR ) may be 0.01 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.50 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.75 inches, 0.50 inches to 0.80 inches, or 0.75 inches to 0.90 inches. IR ) are shown in Figures 28A to 28C, and the insert rib height (H IR ) increases from the insert rib 1065 shown in FIG. 28A to the insert rib 1065 shown in FIG. 28C. IR ) is large enough to provide adequate structural support for the corresponding composite insert without significantly increasing the structural mass of the composite insert.

[0319] 26B and 27B, each insert rib has an insert rib offset (O) measured between the forward-most point of the crown insert 1060 and the forward-most point of each insert rib. IR In some embodiments, the insert rib offset (O IR ) may be constant between adjacent ribs, but in other embodiments, the insert rib offset (O IR ) may vary between insert ribs. Insert rib offset (O IR ) is between 0.10 inches and 3.50 inches. In some embodiments, the insert rib offset (O IR ) is 0.10" to 0.50", 0.25" to 0.75", 0.50" to 0.75", 0.60" to 0.90", 0.75" to 1.00", 0.80" to 1.10", 1.00" to 1.50", 1.25" to 1.75", 1.40" to 2.60", 1.50" to 2.80", 1.75" to 2.50", 2.25" to 3.50", 2.40" to 3.30", 2.50" to 2.90", or 2.57" to 3.50". Insert Rib Offset (O IR ) are shown in Figures 26A to 27C.

[0320] 26A-26C show various embodiments of a crown insert 1060 having insert ribs 1065 extending in the heel-toe direction. The insert ribs 1065 shown in FIG. 26A are located near the front portion of the crown insert 1060, the insert ribs 1065 shown in FIG. 26B are located near the center portion of the crown insert 1060, and the insert ribs 1065 shown in FIG. 26C are located near the rear portion of the crown insert 1060. Therefore, the insert rib 1065 shown in FIG. 26A has the smallest insert rib offset (O IR ), and the insert rib 1065 shown in FIG. 26C has the largest insert rib offset (O IR) is provided.

[0321] In some embodiments, the insert ribs may be integrally formed with one or more inserts and formed from the same material as the one or more inserts. In other embodiments, the insert ribs may be separately formed and attached to one or more inserts. In embodiments in which the insert ribs are separately formed, the insert ribs may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, the separately formed insert ribs may be attached to one or more inserts using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0322] High vibration areas of the golf club head may be reinforced to dampen vibration response. As described above, the internal reinforcing structures dampen vibrations to counteract any dominant vibrations associated with the unique body shape and mass distribution of the golf club head described herein. Accordingly, the body 1001 may include any combination of the aforementioned external bridges, internal bridges, frame ribs, and / or insert ribs. Each of the aforementioned internal reinforcing structures contributes a small mass percentage to the body 1001. As such, the aforementioned internal reinforcing structures support their respective portions of the body 1001 without significantly increasing the structural mass. The internal reinforcing structures may also dampen large I YY , big I XX / I YY ratio and a club head CG position on or near the loft vertical axis 35, as well as providing a desirable sound and feel response.

[0323] In addition to the internal reinforcement structure described above, the frame 1030 has a large I XX / I YYThe frame 1030 may further include one or more mass pads to optimize CG placement and / or mass distribution for the MOI and CG ratio. A mass pad is an internal weighting structure with concentrated mass specifically positioned to control the MOI and CG location of the club head. The frame 1030 may include one or more mass pads positioned along desired portions of the frame 1030 to optimize CG placement and / or mass distribution. In many embodiments, discretionary mass created by a lightweight composite insert, a lightweight shaft-receiving structure, a small-arc weight member-accommodating structure, or any of the other mass-reducing structures disclosed herein may be distributed to one or more mass pads.

[0324] The one or more mass pads may be located on the inner surface of the frame 1030 near a central portion of the crown 1010, near a central portion of the sole 1012, and / or any combination of these locations. In some embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be integrally formed with the frame 1030. In other embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be formed separately and attached to the frame 1030 using a connection mechanism such as welding, brazing, a mechanical connection, an adhesive connection, or any other suitable means. In many embodiments, the one or more mass pads may contact a portion of the one or more composite inserts. In these embodiments, the one or more mass pads may increase the interface surface area between the frame 1030 and the one or more composite inserts. The frame 1030 may include any combination of mass pads described herein.

[0325] In many embodiments, one or more mass pads may be located on or near the Y' axis 80, with all or most of the mass pads falling within the central mass zone (CMZ). YY With almost no effect on XX Increase the size and I XX / I YYThe ratio approaches 1. In many embodiments, the Y' axis 80 may intersect one or more mass pads. The proximity of any of the one or more mass pads to the Y' axis 80 may be characterized by the size of the central mass zone (CMZ) (described above) that entirely contains the one or more mass pads. For example, in some embodiments, the central mass zone radius (R) may be less than 2.00 inches, less than 1.75 inches, less than 1.50 inches, less than 1.25 inches, less than 1.00 inches, less than 0.75 inches, less than 0.50 inches, or less than 0.25 inches. CMZ The mass pad or pads may be entirely contained within a central mass zone (CMZ) having a central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) the more efficiently each mass pad is XX / I YY A mass pad that fits into a small central mass zone (CMZ) will have a ratio closer to 1 compared to a similar mass pad of the same mass that does not fit into the same central mass zone (CMZ). YY Than I XX For example, a 0.75 inch central mass zone radius (R CMZ A 20 gram mass pad that is fully contained within a central mass zone (CMZ) with a central mass zone radius (R) of 0.75 inches CMZ ) compared to a 20 gram mass pad that is only partially contained within the central mass zone (CMZ) with I YY contribution to (hence, I XX / I YY contributes to increasing the ratio).

[0326] One or more mass pads provide a large I by locating mass near the central mass zone (CMZ). XX / I YYThe mass distribution can be optimized to achieve a ratio. Furthermore, measuring the percentage of the volume of one or more mass pads that is located within the central mass zone (CMZ) can reveal how effectively the mass of the mass pads is located within the central mass zone (CMZ). The central mass zone radius (R CMZ In embodiments where the central mass zone radius (R ) is 1 inch, the percentage of the volume of the one or more mass pads that reside within the central mass zone (CMZ) may be 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90%, or 90% to 100%. CMZ In other embodiments where the central mass zone (CMZ) is 1 inch, the percentage of the volume of the one or more mass pads that are within the CMZ may be greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 80%, greater than 90%, or greater than 100%. A greater percentage of the volume of the mass pads that are within the CMZ indicates a greater concentration of club head mass within the CMZ. As discussed above, a greater concentration of club head mass within the CMZ contributes to the club head's I XX / I YY It is beneficial to increase the ratio.

[0327] The mass pad(s) may be positioned proximate to the Y'-axis 80 to ensure that the mass of the mass pad(s) is within the central mass zone (CMZ). The linear distance between the center of gravity of the mass pad(s) and the Y'-axis 80 may characterize how effectively the mass is positioned within the central mass zone (CMZ). When a mass is effectively positioned within the central mass zone (CMZ), the linear distance between the center of gravity of the mass pad(s) and the Y'-axis 80 is 0.4 inches or less. In some embodiments, the linear distance from the center of gravity of the mass pad(s) to the Y'-axis 80 may be less than 0.4 inches. In other embodiments, the linear distance from the center of gravity of the mass pad(s) to the Y'-axis 80 is between 0.0 inches and 0.1 inches, between 0.1 inches and 0.2 inches, between 0.2 inches and 0.3 inches, or between 0.3 inches and 0.4 inches. As discussed above, the central mass zone radius (R CMZ) is greater than 0.5 inches. Therefore, if the center of gravity of the mass pad is located very close to the Y' axis 80 (within 0.4 inches), the mass will be concentrated in the central mass zone (CMZ) and I YY without significantly increasing I XX becomes larger.

[0328] The mass pad(s) may be centrally located in the crown 1010 and / or sole 1012. In many embodiments, the YZ plane (a vertical plane aligned with both the Y axis 50 and the Z axis 60) may intersect at least a portion of the mass pad(s). In many embodiments, the mass pad(s) may all be located within the mid-section of the club head as defined above. In some embodiments, the mass pad(s) may all be located within the body depth (D B ) may be located within the central 50% of the body depth (D B ), may be located within the central 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, or 20% of the body width (W B ) may be located within the central 50% of the body width (W B ), may be located within the central 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, or 20% of the body depth (D B In some embodiments, the forward-most point of the mass pad or pads may be a significant fraction of the body depth (D B ) may be at least 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25% of the distance behind the

[0329] 29A and 29B show an embodiment of a frame 1030 including a mass pad 1047 suspended between two internal bridges 1055A, 1055B and two frame ribs 1046A, 1046B. While the illustrated embodiment includes only one mass pad 1047, the frame 1030 may include any number of mass pads. For example, the frame 1030 may include one mass pad, two mass pads, three mass pads, four mass pads, five mass pads, six mass pads, or any other suitable number of mass pads. The mass pad or pads may have any shape, such as a circle, an oval, a rectangle, or any other suitable shape.

[0330] In many embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass between 10 grams and 60 grams. In some embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass between 10 grams and 15 grams, 15 grams and 20 grams, 20 grams and 25 grams, 25 grams and 30 grams, 30 grams and 35 grams, 35 grams and 40 grams, 40 grams and 45 grams, 45 grams and 50 grams, 50 grams and 55 grams, or 55 grams and 60 grams. In some embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass greater than 5 grams, greater than 10 grams, greater than 15 grams, greater than 20 grams, greater than 25 grams, greater than 30 grams, greater than 35 grams, greater than 40 grams, greater than 45 grams, greater than 50 grams, greater than 55 grams, or greater than 60 grams.

[0331] The mass pad(s) may be integrally cast with the frame 1030 and formed from the same material as the frame 1030. Alternatively, the mass pad(s) may be formed separately and attached to the frame 1030. In these embodiments, the mass pad(s) may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material.

[0332] In addition to the internal reinforcing structure and mass pads described above, the composite insert may further define one or more recesses to achieve a desired club head shape. The one or more recesses remove volume from certain portions of the body 1001 and add volume in other, more desirable locations. The one or more recesses define portions of the club head that are recessed from the exterior surface of the body 1001 toward the hollow internal cavity 1007. The one or more recesses are recessed toward the hollow internal cavity 1007 via one or more walls 1076. Each recess may be completely or partially surrounded by the one or more walls 1076. Each recess further defines a floor 1078 that forms the bottom surface of the recess. The one or more recesses may be incorporated with an internal reinforcing structure and / or a mass pad.

[0333] The one or more recesses may occupy any volume of the club head exterior surface. The body 1001 may define one or more recesses located along any desired portion of the body 1001 to optimally redistribute mass. The one or more recesses may be located along any desired portion of the frame 1030, crown insert 1060, and / or sole insert 1070. The one or more recesses may be located on the exterior surface of the golf club head 1000 in the crown 1010 or sole 1012, near the front end 1008, near the rear end 1011, near the heel end 1004, near the toe end 1006, and / or any combination of these locations. The one or more recesses may be integrally formed with the frame 1030, crown insert 1060, sole insert 1070, and / or any combination thereof. The one or more recesses disclosed herein may occupy any percentage of the exterior surface area of ​​the golf club head 1000.

[0334] FIG. 30 illustrates a sole insert 1070 having a first recess 1072A, a second recess 1072B, and a third recess 1072C formed therein. The first recess 1072A is defined by a first wall 1076A extending along the periphery of a first floor 1078A. The second recess 1072B is defined by a second wall 1076B extending along the periphery of the second floor 1078B. The third recess 1072C is defined by a third wall 1076C extending along the periphery of the third floor 1078C. The height of one or more of the walls 1076 completely or partially defining each recess may vary. For example, the heights of the walls 1076A, 1076B, and 1076C in FIG. 30 vary. In particular, the height of walls 1076A, 1076B, and 1076C generally decreases in a direction from striking face 1002 toward rear end 1011.

[0335] Each depression may define a depression volume measured based on the original outer surface of the body. 3 ~12cm 3 In some embodiments, the total cavity volume is 1 cm 3 ~5cm 3 , 4cm 3 ~8cm 3 , 5cm 3 ~10cm 3 , or 6 cm 3 ~12cm 3 In some embodiments, each depression may be about 1 cm 3 , 2cm 3 , 3cm 3 , 4cm 3 , 5cm 3 , 6cm 3 , 7cm 3 , 8cm 3 , 9cm 3 , 10cm 3 , 11cm 3 , or approximately 12 cm 3 The recess may define a discrete volume.

[0336] Although three dimples 1072A, 1072B, 1072C are defined in the illustrated embodiment, the body 1001 may define any suitable number of dimples. In some embodiments, the golf club head 1000 may define one dimple, two dimples, three dimples, four dimples, five dimples, six dimples, seven dimples, eight dimples, nine dimples, or ten or more dimples. The one or more dimples may be any shape, including circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, hexagonal, or other suitable shape.

[0337] The one or more recesses may be integrally formed with the outer surface of the body 1001 and formed from the same material as the body 1001. In the illustrated embodiment, the recesses are formed in the sole insert 1070 and are integrally formed from the same material as the sole insert 1070. In other embodiments, the one or more recesses may be formed from the same material as the frame 1030, the crown insert 1060, and / or the sole insert 1070. In still other embodiments, the one or more recesses may be formed partially from the same material as the frame 1030 and partially from the same material as the crown insert 1060 and / or the sole insert 1070. B. Discrete crown insert and discrete sole insert with posterior extension

[0338] 31-40B illustrate another embodiment, a golf club head 1100 including one or more discrete composite inserts. The golf club head 1100 includes similar dimensions and relationships as the golf club head 1000, as described above. Specifically, the golf club head 1100 includes similar dimensions and / or dimensional parameters for the mid-section area, perimeter area, upper region (UH) area, lower region (LH) area, or any combination thereof. The golf club head 1100 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. Because the golf club head 1100 is similar to the golf club head 1000, similar reference numerals will be used to describe the golf club head 1100 (e.g., the golf club head 1100 includes a crown 1110, a sole 1112, a heel end 1104, a toe end 1106, etc.).

[0339] 34-36, the golf club head 1100 includes a frame 1130 that provides a structure for receiving a crown insert 1160 and a sole insert 1170. The frame 1130 includes a front frame 1140 and a rear frame 1150, which are connected by a heel-side external bridge 1145A and a toe-side external bridge 1145B. The front frame 1140 includes a front crown return 1141 that forms a front portion of the crown 1110 and a front sole return 1142 that forms a front portion of the sole 1112. The rear frame 1150 includes a rear crown return 1151 that forms a rear portion of the crown 1110 and a rear sole return 1152 that forms a rear portion of the sole 1112.

[0340] The frame 1130 includes a series of ledges 1132A, 1132B, 1132C, and 1132D, which collectively form a crown ledge and define a crown opening 1131. The crown ledge of the golf club head 1100 is similar to the crown ledge of the golf club head 1000 described above. Specifically, the crown ledge includes a front crown ledge 1132A, a toe crown ledge 1132B located on the sole near the toe, a heel crown ledge 1132C located on the sole near the heel, and a rear crown ledge 1132D located on the crown 1210 at the rear of the club head. Furthermore, the crown ledge has a crown ledge width (W ) similar to that of the golf club head 1000. CL ) and crown ledge thickness. Crown insert 1160 is similar to crown insert 1060 of golf club head 1000 described above. Specifically, crown insert 1160 includes a crown insert heel covering portion 1162A that wraps around heel end 1104 and a crown insert toe covering portion 1162B that wraps around toe end 1106, and forms part of sole 1112. Crown insert 1160 has the same crown surface area range, sole surface area range, perimeter area, thickness, and mass as crown insert 1060. Golf club head 1100 is relatively similar to golf club head 1000, but differs in the shape of sole opening 1133 and the shape of sole insert 1170.

[0341] 33 , the sole insert 1170 includes a heel extension 1179A near the heel end 1104 and a toe extension 1179B near the toe end 1106. The heel and toe extensions 1179A, 1179B are located near the rear end 1111 of the golf club head 1100. The sole insert 1170 defines a notch 1177 near the front end 1108 of the golf club head 1100. The notch 1177 corresponds to the protrusion 1149 of the frame 1130. The sole insert 1170 is received in the sole opening 1133 and encloses a hollow interior cavity. Despite its different shape, the sole insert 1170 has a similar sole surface area coverage, thickness, and mass as the sole insert 1070.

[0342] The frame 1130 includes a sole ledge that defines a sole opening 1133. The sole ledge includes a forward sole ledge 1134A, a toe-side sole ledge 1134B, a heel-side sole ledge 1134C, and a rear sole ledge 1134D. Compared to the sole ledge of the golf club head 1000, the forward sole return 1142 includes a protrusion 1149 that extends toward the center of the frame 1130, as shown in FIG. 33 . The protrusion 1149 is also formed where the forward sole ledge 1134A protrudes inward toward the center of the frame 1130. Furthermore, the rear sole ledge 1134D extends closer to the rear end 1111 of the golf club head 1100 compared to the sole ledge of the golf club head 1000. Despite the altered shape, the sole ledge has a similar sole ledge width (W ) to that of the golf club head 1000. SL ) and a sole ledge thickness. The sole ledge allows the outer surface of the sole insert 1170 to be flush with the surface of the adjacent frame 1130.

[0343] The rear extensions 1179A, 1179B of the sole insert 1170 allow a lighter material to cover the portions of the sole 1112 that are not subject to high stresses upon impact with a golf ball. The rear extensions 1179A, 1179B allow the sole insert 1170 to reduce the body height (H B ), thereby allowing the majority of the sole insert 1170 to be located within the upper region (UH) and / or the weight member CG W Additionally, the front frame may have a protrusion 1149 that allows a large central mass pad (described below) to be placed in the central mass zone (CMZ), thereby increasing the I XX / I YY The mass can be distributed to improve the ratio.

[0344] The golf club head 1100 may further include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. The golf club head 1100 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures described above to reduce vibrations in specific areas of the body 1101. These reinforcing structures include internal bridges, frame ribs, and / or insert ribs. The golf club head 1100 may include any combination of internal reinforcing structures located in the frame 1130, crown insert 1160, and / or sole insert 1170. The internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 1100 may have similar orientation, height, width, and / or thickness dimensions as the internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 1000.

[0345] The golf club head has a large I by improving the positioning of the club head CG. XX / I YYTo achieve this ratio, any combination of mass pads described above may be included. The golf club head 1100 may include any combination of mass pads located on the interior surface of the frame 1130 near the crown 1110, near the sole 1112, near the front end 1108, near the rear end 1111, near the heel end 1104, and / or near the toe end 1106. The mass pads of the golf club head 1100 may have similar locations, sizes, and / or masses as the mass pads of the golf club head 1000. FIGS. 37A-40B illustrate various examples of internal reinforcing structures for the golf club head 1100. Additionally, FIGS. 20A-29B illustrate various examples of internal reinforcing structures for other embodiments of golf club heads described herein. The internal reinforcing features described with respect to these embodiments are also applicable for use with the golf club head 1100.

[0346] 35, the frame 1130 may include a pair of frame ribs 1153A, 1153B located proximate the rear end 1111 and extending generally in the fore-and-aft direction. The frame ribs 1153A, 1153B may be particularly useful in embodiments including a weight member 1191 connected to the lower rear portion of the body 1101. In such embodiments, the frame ribs 1153A, 1153B are effective in damping vibrations caused by providing the weight member 1191, which has a large mass, at the rear portion of the club head.

[0347] 37A-37C show a frame 1130 including two external bridges 1145A, 1145B, two internal bridges 1155A, 1155B, and two frame ribs 1146A, 1146B. The front internal bridge 1155A and the rear internal bridge 1155B extend heel-to-toe across the sole opening 1133 between portions of the forward sole return 1142. The front frame rib 1146A is located above the front internal bridge 1155A, and the rear frame rib 1146B is located above the rear internal bridge 1155B.

[0348] 38A-38C show a frame 1130 with two external bridges 1145A, 1145B and two frame ribs 1146A, 1146B. The front frame rib 1146A and the rear frame rib 1146B extend diagonally across the sole opening 1133. The front frame rib 1146A extends between the toe external bridge 1145B and the forward sole return 1142. The rear frame rib 1146B extends between the heel external bridge 1145A and the toe external bridge 1145B. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 38A-38C does not have an internal bridge.

[0349] 39A-39C show a frame 1130 including an internal bridge 1158, two frame ribs 1146A, 1146B, and a mass pad 1157. The internal bridge 1158 extends across the sole opening 1133 in the front-to-back direction between the forward sole return 1142 and the rear sole return 1152. The mass pad 1157 is located above the internal bridge 1158. The frame ribs 1146A, 1146B extend diagonally across the sole opening 1133 and are located above the internal bridge 1158. The front frame rib 1146A extends between the toe external bridge 1145B and the forward sole return 1142. The rear frame rib 1146B extends between the heel external bridge 1145A and the toe external bridge 1145B. The rear frame rib 1146B intersects with the mass pad 1157. The interior bridge 1158 has an interior bridge width (W) large enough to support the mass pad 1157. IB ) is provided.

[0350] 40A and 40B show a sole insert 1170 with two insert ribs 1175A, 1175B that extend diagonally across the sole insert 1170. The front insert rib 1175A extends across the sole insert 1170 between the toe external bridge 1145B and the forward sole return 1142. The rear insert rib 1175B extends across the sole insert 1170 between the heel external bridge 1145A and the toe external bridge 1145B.

[0351] Golf club head 1100 may include any combination of the above-described recesses to achieve a desired club head shape. Golf club head 1100 may include any combination of recesses located in frame 1130, crown insert 1160, and / or sole insert 1170. The recesses in golf club head 1100 may have similar shapes and / or dimensions to the recesses in golf club head 1000. C. Discrete crown inserts and multiple sole inserts

[0352] 41-43 illustrate another embodiment, a golf club head 1200, including one or more discrete composite inserts. The golf club head 1200 includes similar dimensions and relationships to the golf club head 1000 described above. Specifically, the golf club head 1200 includes similar dimensions and / or dimensional parameters for the mid-section area, perimeter area, upper region (UH) area, lower region (LH) area, or any combination thereof. The golf club head 1200 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. Because the golf club head 1200 is similar to the golf club head 1000, similar reference numerals will be used to describe the golf club head 1200 (e.g., the golf club head 1200 includes a crown 1210, a sole 1212, a heel end 1204, a toe end 1206, etc.).

[0353] 42 and 43 , the golf club head 1200 includes a frame 1230 that provides a structure for receiving the crown insert 1260, the heel sole insert 1270A, and the toe sole insert 1270B. The frame 1230 includes a front frame 1240 and a rear frame 1250, which are connected by a heel outer bridge 1245A, a toe outer bridge 1245B, and a central outer bridge 1245C. The front frame 1240 includes a front crown return 1241 that forms a front portion of the crown 1210 and a front sole return 1242 that forms a front portion of the sole 1212. The rear frame 1250 includes a rear crown return 1251 that forms a rear portion of the crown 1210 and a rear sole return 1252 that forms a rear portion of the sole 1212.

[0354] The frame 1230 includes a series of ledges 1232A, 1232B, 1232C, and 1232D, which collectively form a crown ledge and define a crown opening 1231. The crown ledge of the golf club head 1200 is similar to the crown ledge of the golf club head 1000 described above. Specifically, the crown ledge includes a front crown ledge 1232A, a toe crown ledge 1232B located on the sole near the toe, a heel crown ledge 1232C located on the sole near the heel, and a rear crown ledge 1232D located on the crown 1210 at the rear of the club head. Furthermore, like the crown ledge of the golf club head 1000, the crown ledge has a crown ledge width (W CL) and crown ledge thickness. Crown insert 1260 is similar to crown insert 1060 of golf club head 1000 described above. Specifically, crown insert 1260 includes a crown insert heel covering portion 1262A that wraps around heel end 1204 and a crown insert toe covering portion 1262B that wraps around toe end 1206, and forms part of sole 1212. Crown insert 1260 has the same crown surface area coverage, sole surface area coverage, perimeter coverage, thickness, and mass as crown insert 1060. Golf club head 1200 is relatively similar to golf club head 1000, but adds a central external bridge 1245C to frame 1230.

[0355] A central external bridge 1245C extends in the front-to-rear direction between the forward sole return 1242 and the rear sole return 1252. As described above, the external bridge defines one or more openings to space one or more inserts. Referring to FIG. 41 , the central external bridge 1245C divides the sole opening into a heel sole opening 1233A and a toe sole opening 1233B. The golf club head 1200 includes a heel sole insert 1270A received in the heel sole opening 1233A and a toe sole insert 1270B received in the toe sole opening 1233B, which enclose a hollow interior cavity. Despite their different shapes, the sole inserts 1270A, 1270B may have similar sole surface area coverage, thickness, and mass as the sole insert 1070.

[0356] Frame 1230 includes sole ledges to accommodate heel-side sole insert 1270A and toe-side sole insert 1270B. Referring to FIG. 43 , heel-side sole opening 1233A includes sole ledges 1234A, 1234B, 1234C, and 1234D configured to receive heel-side sole insert 1270A. Toe-side sole opening 1233B includes sole ledges 1234E, 1234F, 1234G, and 1234H configured to receive toe-side sole insert 1270B. Although the shape is different, the sole ledges have a sole ledge width (W ) similar to that of golf club head 1000. SL ) and a sole ledge thickness. The sole ledge allows the outer surfaces of the sole inserts 1270A, 1270B to be flush with the surface of the adjacent frame 1230.

[0357] While the illustrated embodiment shows the golf club head 1200 with two discrete sole inserts 1270A, 1270B, the golf club head may include any number of discrete sole inserts. For example, the frame 1230 may include two sole inserts, three sole inserts, four sole inserts, five sole inserts, six sole inserts, or any suitable number of sole inserts. Having multiple discrete sole inserts allows for greater customization of the shape of the sole insert to achieve a specific mass distribution. Having multiple sole inserts also improves manufacturability by allowing for smaller, simpler sole inserts to be formed rather than a single insert with a complex shape. Additionally, the inclusion of a central external bridge 1245C provides support for a larger central mass pad (described below) located within the central mass zone (CMZ), thereby reducing the overall mass distribution. XX / I YY The mass can be distributed to achieve a good ratio.

[0358] The golf club head 1200 may further include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. The golf club head 1200 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures described above to reduce vibrations in specific areas of the body 1201. These reinforcing structures include internal bridges, frame ribs, and / or insert ribs. The golf club head 1200 may include any combination of internal reinforcing structures located in the frame 1230, the crown insert 1260, the heel-side sole insert 1270A, and / or the toe-side sole insert 1270B. The internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 1200 may have similar orientation, height, width, and / or thickness dimensions as the internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 1000.

[0359] Various examples of internal bridges are shown in FIGS. 20A-20C, 29A and 29B, 37A-37C, and 39A-39C. Various examples of frame ribs are shown in FIGS. 20A-22C, 29A and 29B, and 37A-39C. Various examples of insert ribs are shown in FIGS. 23A-28C, 40A, and 40B. The internal reinforcing features described with respect to golf club heads 1000, 1100 can also be adapted for use with golf club head 1200. For example, these internal reinforcing structures may extend across the entire sole 1212, such that one or more internal reinforcing structures extend across heel-side sole opening 1233A, toe-side sole opening 1233B, and central external bridge 1245C. Alternatively, these internal reinforcing structures may extend across the heel side sole opening 1233A and / or the toe side sole opening 1233B.

[0360] 41 , the frame 1230 may include a pair of frame ribs 1253A, 1253B located proximate the rear end 1211 and extending generally in the fore-and-aft direction. The frame ribs 1253A, 1253B may be particularly useful in embodiments including a weight member 1291 connected to the lower rear portion of the body 1201. In such embodiments, the frame ribs 1253A, 1253B are effective in damping vibrations caused by providing the weight member 1291, which has a large mass, at the rear portion of the club head.

[0361] The golf club head has a large I by improving the positioning of the club head CG. XX / I YY To achieve this ratio, any combination of the mass pads described above may be included. Golf club head 1200 may include any combination of mass pads located on the interior surface of frame 1230 near crown 1210, near sole 1212, near front end 1208, near rear end 1211, near heel end 1204, and / or near toe end 1206. The mass pads of golf club head 1200 may have similar locations, sizes, and / or masses as the mass pads of golf club head 1000.

[0362] Various examples of mass pads are shown in Figures 29A, 29B, and 39A-39C. The mass pads described with respect to golf club heads 1000, 1100 are also applicable for use with golf club head 1200. For example, the mass pads may be integrally formed with central exterior bridge 1245C. Alternatively, the mass pads may be suspended within heel-side sole opening 1233A and / or toe-side sole opening 1233B by one or more interior bridges and / or other portions of frame 1230.

[0363] The golf club head may include any combination of the above-described recesses to achieve a desired club head shape. Golf club head 1200 may include any combination of recesses located in frame 1230, heel side sole insert 1270A, and / or toe side sole insert 1270B. The recesses in golf club head 1200 may have similar shapes and / or dimensions to the recesses in golf club head 1000.

[0364] 30 shows an example of a golf club head 1000 including recesses 1072A, 1072B, and 1072C. The recesses described with respect to golf club head 1000 are also applicable for use with golf club head 1200. For example, the recesses may extend across a portion of central external bridge 1245C and / or sole inserts 1270A, 1270B. Alternatively, the recesses may be located only in central external bridge 1245C, heel-side sole insert 1270A, and / or toe-side sole insert 1270B. iii. Central Insert Embodiment

[0365] 44-60 show various embodiments of golf club heads with a continuous central insert (referred to as "central insert"). The central insert is secured to a frame to define a body. The central insert wraps continuously around the body, forming at least a portion of the crown, at least a portion of the sole, and at least a portion of the periphery of the body near both the heel and toe ends. The central insert may be one component or multiple components. The central insert is received in a central opening in the frame. As mentioned above, the frame is formed from a metal material to provide a sturdy structure for receiving the insert, and the central insert is formed from a lightweight composite material. This allows I YY To maximize I XX / I YYDiscretionary mass is created that can be redistributed throughout the club head to move the ratio closer to 1 and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis.

[0366] The central insert strategically forms a large portion of the body's midsection (MS) and removes mass from near the club head's center of gravity, increasing discretionary mass redistributed around the perimeter of the golf club head and increasing MOI. As discussed above, the midsection (MS) of the body typically experiences relatively low stresses at impact, allowing for more composite or other lightweight material to be placed near the midsection (MS) without compromising the durability of the golf club head. The central insert is spaced rearward from the striking face, allowing the striking face to flex upon impact without interfering with the central insert. The inclusion of a central insert in the club head balances increased discretionary mass with maintaining durability.

[0367] Golf club head 2000 is used to describe various features of golf club heads with a central insert. For example, golf club head 2000 is used to describe various internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses. However, these structures are not limited to golf club head 2000. The various club head embodiments with a central insert described herein may include any combination of the foregoing structures, including, but not limited to, internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses. A. Single part central insert

[0368] 44-52C illustrate one embodiment of a golf club head 2000 that includes a central insert 2080 formed from a single component. Referring to FIG. 44, the golf club head 2000 includes a body 2001 having a frame 2030. The frame 2030 provides a structure for receiving the central insert 2080. Referring to FIGS. 49-51, the frame 2030 includes a front frame 2040 near the front end 2008 of the golf club head 2000 and a rear frame 2050 near the rear end 2011 of the golf club head 2000. In some embodiments, the front frame 2040 and the rear frame 2050 are connected by one or more internal bridges. In other embodiments, the front frame 2040 and the rear frame 2050 are separate components that are not connected to one another. In these embodiments, the front frame 2040 and the rear frame 2050 are separated by the central insert 2080.

[0369] The front frame 2040 is located near the front end 2008 of the golf club head 2000 and forms a forward portion of the frame 2030. Referring to Figures 49-51, the front frame 2040 includes a front crown return 2041 that forms a forward portion of the crown 2010 and a front sole return 2042 that forms a forward portion of the sole 2012. The front frame 2040 includes the striking face 1002 and further forms the hosel 1005.

[0370] The forward crown return 2041 and the forward sole return 2042 are configured to withstand and dissipate impact stresses associated with the golf club head 2000 striking a golf ball. Stresses from impact with the ball are dissipated mostly or entirely within the rearward regions of the forward crown return 2041 and the forward sole return 2042. The mid-section (MS), which is rearward of the forward crown return 2041 and the forward sole return 2042, does not receive the majority of the impact stresses from the ball strike. Therefore, the presence of the returns 2041, 2042 allows the mid-section (MS) to be formed largely from one or more composite inserts. The mass saved from the mid-section (MS) may be allocated elsewhere in the golf club head 2000, such as for weight members. The forward crown return 2041 and the forward sole return 2042 may extend rearward from the striking face 2002 by a distance of 0.25 inches to 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, this distance can be between 0.25 inches and 0.75 inches, between 0.50 inches and 1.00 inches, between 0.75 inches and 1.25 inches, between 1.00 inches and 1.25 inches, or between 1.10 inches and 1.50 inches.

[0371] The rear frame 2050 is located near the rear end 2011 of the golf club head 2000 and forms a rear portion of the frame 2030. Referring to Figures 49-51, the rear frame 2050 includes a rear crown return 2051 forming a part of the crown 2010, and a rear sole return 2052 forming a rear portion of the sole 2012. The rear frame 2050 further includes a weight receiving structure 2092 for receiving a fixed or adjustable weight member 2091.

[0372] The central insert 2080 is received in a corresponding opening in the frame 2030. Referring to FIG. 49 , a central opening 2035 is defined between the front frame 2040 and the rear frame 2050. The central opening 2035 is configured with a ledge that forms an interface with the central insert 2080. The ledge is recessed toward the interior of the frame 2030, away from the outer surface of the frame 2030.

[0373] 49 and 50, the forward frame 2040 includes a forward ledge having a forward crown ledge 2036A and a forward sole ledge 2036B. Referring to FIGS. 49 and 51, the rear frame 2050 includes a rear ledge having a rear crown ledge 2037A and a rear sole ledge 2037B. The forward crown ledge 2036A is formed by a portion of the forward crown return 2041, and the rear crown ledge 2037A is formed by a portion of the rear crown return 2051. The forward and rear ledges are recessed from the outer surface of the body 2001 to accommodate the overlapping thickness of the central insert 2080, the ledges, and the adhesive used to secure these two components together. Thus, the ledges allow the outer surface of the central insert 2080 to be flush with the surface of the adjacent frame 1030.

[0374] In the illustrated embodiment, the forward and rearward ledges extend continuously from the crown 2010 to the sole 2012. In other embodiments, the forward and / or rearward ledges may extend along only a portion of the crown 2010 and sole 2012. The central insert 2080 has a shape complementary to the central opening 2035 such that the central insert 2080 completely covers and seals the central opening 2035 and interfaces with the forward and rearward ledges.

[0375] 49-51, the ledges have a ledge width (W ) measured across the surface of each ledge between the beginning of the recess and the edge of the central opening 2035. LIn some embodiments, the ledge width (W L ) may be constant across the ledge. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the ledge width (W L ) may vary at the forward crown ledge 2036A, the forward sole ledge 2036B, the rear crown ledge 2037A, and the rear sole ledge 2037B. L ) may be 0.10 inches to 0.80 inches. For example, L The ledge width (W ) can be 0.10 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.20 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.30 inches, 0.25 inches to 0.50 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.60 inches, 0.50 inches to 0.75 inches, or 0.60 inches to 0.80 inches. L ) is large enough to provide sufficient interface area with the central insert 2080 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 2030.

[0376] The ledge has an inner surface facing the hollow interior cavity 2007 and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The ledge defines a ledge thickness measured between the outer surface and the inner surface of the ledge. In some embodiments, the ledge thickness may be constant throughout the ledge. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the ledge thickness may vary in the anterior crown ledge 2036A, the anterior sole ledge 2036B, the posterior crown ledge 2037A, and the posterior sole ledge 2037B. The ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.035 inches. For example, the crown ledge thickness may be between 0.015 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.025 inches, between 0.020 inches and 0.035 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.030 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.035 inches. In some embodiments, the rear ledge is thicker than the rest of the forward ledge 2036 to withstand stresses imposed on the rear ledge by weight members disposed on the rear frame 2050. In these embodiments, the ledge thickness near the rear ledge may be greater than 0.020 inches. The ledge thickness is sufficient to structurally support the central insert 2080 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the frame 2030.

[0377] As mentioned above, the frame 2030 provides a sturdy structure to receive the central insert 2080. The central insert 2080 allows for a large I YY and the above-mentioned I XX / I YYA high-performance club head is achieved that balances other performance characteristics such as club ratio, power transfer, aerodynamics, and CG adjustability. Referring to FIG. 44 , a central insert 2080 is received in the central opening 2035 and encloses a hollow interior cavity 2007. The central insert 2080 provides a lightweight structure for reducing the mass of the body 2001, particularly the mass of the mid-section (MS), allowing for more discretionary mass to be redistributed to other portions of the golf club head 2000. In particular, reducing mass from the crown 2010, sole 2112, and body perimeter using the central insert 2080 is effective in lowering the club head CG toward the loft vertical axis 35.

[0378] The central insert 2080 has an outer surface and an inner surface. The forward crown return 2041 forms a forward portion of the crown 2010 adjacent the striking face 2002, the rear crown return 2051 forms a portion of the crown 2010 adjacent the rear end 2011, and the outer surface of the central insert may form the remainder of the crown 2010. In many embodiments, the outer surface of the central insert forms the majority of the surface of the crown 2010. The forward sole return 2042 forms a forward portion of the sole 2012 adjacent the striking face 2002, the rear sole return 2052 forms a portion of the sole 2012 adjacent the rear end 2011, and the central insert 2080 may form the remainder of the sole 2012. In many embodiments, the outer surface of the central insert forms the majority of the surface of the sole 2012.

[0379] The central insert 2080 has a periphery including a forward periphery 2084 and a rearward periphery 2085, which follow the outer contour of the central insert 2080. With reference to FIGS. 45 and 46 , the forward periphery 2084 has a forward crown edge 2084A and a forward sole edge 2084B. The rearward periphery 2085 has a rearward crown edge 2085A and a rearward sole edge 2085B. The central insert 2080 is joined to the forward frame 2040 near the forward periphery 2084 and to the rearward frame 2050 near the rearward periphery 2085.

[0380] 44-46, the central insert 2080 extends continuously from the crown 2010, wrapping around the body periphery near the heel end 2004 and toe end 2006, and into the sole 2012. Thus, the central insert 2080 forms part of the body periphery near the heel end 2004 and toe end 2006. The central insert 2080 reduces the mass of the heel end 2004, toe end 2006, crown 2010, and sole 2012 by replacing the generally dense frame material with a lightweight material. The mass saved by the central insert 2080 is YY and I XX / I YY The center insert 2080 may be redistributed to improve the ratio and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35. In particular, the center insert 2080 wraps around the body periphery at the toe and heel, thereby increasing the I YY The mass of the peripheral area, which contributes significantly to the mass of the I, is reduced. Therefore, the resulting discretionary mass can be used for the I, such as the centrally located mass pad or weight member 2091. XX / I YY It can be reintroduced to a position that brings the ratio closer to 1.

[0381] In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 does not wrap around the rear end of the body 2001. As shown in FIG. 45, the rear crown edge 2085A fits within the perimeter of the crown 2010 and does not extend to the rear end 2011 or the sole 2012. In many embodiments, the rear crown edge 2085A may be located very close to the rear end 2011, as shown in FIG. 45. In other embodiments, the rear crown edge 2085A may be a significant distance away from the rear end 2011. This configuration positions the rear connection between the central insert 2080 and the rear frame 2050 away from the rear end 2011. This often allows for sufficient space between the composite central insert 2080 and the weight member 2091 located close to the rear end 2011, providing manufacturing and durability advantages. Manufacturers often require a large gap between the rear weight member 2091 and the composite component to allow for the molding of the weight-receiving structure 2092 shape.

[0382] The central insert 2080 reduces significant mass from the crown 2010, the sole 2012, and the body perimeter. The central insert 2080 comprises 50% to 85% of the crown surface area. In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 comprises 50% to 55%, 55% to 60%, 60% to 65%, 65% to 70%, 70% to 75%, 75% to 80%, or 80% to 85% of the crown surface area. The central insert 2080 comprises 25% to 75% of the sole surface area. In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 comprises 25% to 50%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 75%, or 60% to 75% of the sole surface area. Furthermore, the central insert 2080 forms 25% to 75% of the body perimeter. In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 occupies 25%-40%, 35%-50%, 45%-60%, 50%-70%, or 65%-75% of the body perimeter. The coverage of the central insert is selected to remove significant mass from the crown 2010, the sole 2012, and the body perimeter.

[0383] The central insert 2080 defines a central insert thickness measured between the inner surface and the outer surface. In some embodiments, the central insert thickness may be uniform throughout the central insert 2080. In other embodiments, the central insert thickness may vary throughout the central insert 2080. The central insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the central insert thickness is between 0.010 inches and 0.020 inches, between 0.015 inches and 0.030 inches, between 0.025 inches and 0.035 inches, or between 0.030 inches and 0.040 inches. In some embodiments, the central insert thickness may be less than 0.040 inches, less than 0.035 inches, less than 0.030 inches, less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, or less than 0.015 inches. The central insert thickness is sufficient to provide a durable central insert 2080 without significantly increasing the structural mass of the central insert 2080.

[0384] The central insert 2080 has a very small mass despite forming a majority of the body 2001. The central insert 2080 has a central insert mass of 5 grams to 30 grams. In some embodiments, the crown insert mass may be 5 grams to 12 grams, 10 grams to 15 grams, 12 grams to 18 grams, 15 grams to 25 grams, 20 grams to 27 grams, or 25 grams to 30 grams. In some embodiments, the sole insert mass may be less than 30 grams, less than 29 grams, less than 28 grams, less than 27 grams, less than 26 grams, less than 25 grams, less than 24 grams, less than 23 grams, less than 22 grams, less than 21 grams, less than 20 grams, less than 19 grams, less than 18 grams, less than 17 grams, less than 16 grams, less than 15 grams, less than 14 grams, less than 13 grams, less than 12 grams, less than 11 grams, less than 10 grams, less than 9 grams, less than 8 grams, less than 7 grams, or less than 6 grams. The central insert mass is selected to provide a lightweight central insert 2080 that reduces the structural mass of the body 2001 .

[0385] Although forming a majority of the body 2001, the central insert 2080 may represent a small percentage of the total club head mass. In many embodiments, the mass of the central insert 2080 represents 3% to 30% of the total club head mass. In some embodiments, the mass of the central insert 2080 represents 3% to 15%, 5% to 15%, 7% to 16%, 10% to 15%, 12% to 20%, 15% to 23%, 20% to 25%, 23% to 27%, or 25% to 30% of the total club head mass. Thus, the central insert 2080 provides I YY To maximize I XX / I YY A lot of discretionary mass is created that can be redistributed throughout the club head to bring the ratio closer to 1 and / or position the club head CG on or near the loft vertical axis 35 .

[0386] The body shape of a golf club head generally affects the sound and feel response. The body shapes described herein may capture dominant vibrations at impact, potentially resulting in a harsh sound or feel at impact. The golf club head 2000 may further include various internal reinforcing structures that reduce vibrations in specific areas of the body 2001. The internal reinforcing structures may be provided to dampen vibrations and provide a more desirable, muted sound and feel response.

[0387] The internal reinforcing structure may be located along any desired portion of the body 2001 to improve structural rigidity and / or acoustic / vibration response. The internal reinforcing structure may be located in the frame 2030 and / or the central insert 2080. In some embodiments, the frame 2030 may include one or more internal bridges that extend across the central opening 2035 to provide reinforcement. In some embodiments, the frame 2030 may include one or more frame ribs that extend along the inner surface of the frame 2030 to reinforce various locations that experience high vibrations upon impact. In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 may include one or more insert ribs that extend along the inner surface of the central insert 2080. The golf club head 2000 may include an internal reinforcing structure similar to any of the embodiments described above.

[0388] The golf club head 2000 may include one or more internal bridges to structurally reinforce the central opening 2035. The internal bridges contact the inner surface of the central insert 2080, providing additional bonding surface area between the central insert 2080 and the frame 2030. The internal bridges also reduce vibration of the frame 2030. The internal bridges may be located along any desired portion of the frame 2030 to improve structural rigidity and / or acoustic / vibration response.

[0389] The internal bridge is offset inward from the outer surface of the frame 2030 and is hidden beneath the central insert 2080. Because the internal bridge is hidden by the central insert 2080, it is not visible from the outside of the golf club head 2000. The internal bridge is integrally formed with the frame 2030, extends across the central opening 2035, and connects the front frame 2040 to the rear frame 2050. The internal bridge may be located near the crown 2010, near the sole 2012, and / or near the periphery of the body. The golf club head 2000 may include any combination of the internal bridges described herein.

[0390] 52A-52C show a frame 2030 with two internal bridges 2059A, 2059B. The heel internal bridge 2059A and the toe internal bridge 2059B extend across the central opening 2035 between the front frame 2040 and the rear frame 2050. The heel internal bridge 2059A is located near the outer periphery of the body near the heel end 2004, and the toe internal bridge 2059B is located near the outer periphery of the body near the toe end 2006.

[0391] As described above, the internal bridge may connect the front frame 2040 to the rear frame 2050 at any location near the crown 2010, near the sole 2012, near the heel end 2004, near the toe end 2006, and / or near the body perimeter. The internal bridge may have any shape and may extend in any direction between adjacent portions of the central opening 2035. For example, the internal bridge may extend in a front-to-rear or diagonal direction. The internal bridge may be perpendicular to the striking face 2002 or at an angle relative to the striking face 2002. In some embodiments, the internal bridge may be at an angle between approximately 5 degrees and 45 degrees relative to the striking face 2002. In embodiments including multiple internal bridges, the internal bridges may be approximately parallel to each other or at an angle relative to each other. In some embodiments, the internal bridges may intersect each other. The frame 2030 may include any number of internal bridges. For example, the frame 2030 may include one internal bridge, two internal bridges, three internal bridges, four internal bridges, five internal bridges, six internal bridges, or any suitable number of internal bridges.

[0392] One or more internal bridges are defined by the internal bridge width (W IB) and internal bridge thickness. These dimensions may be similar to those described above for the golf club head 1000. Each dimension is sized to provide sufficient structural support for the frame 2030. In some embodiments, the internal bridge may be integrally cast with the frame 2030 and formed from the same material as the frame 2030. In other embodiments, the internal bridge may be separately formed and attached to the frame 2030. In embodiments in which the internal bridge is separately formed, the internal bridge may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, the separately formed internal bridge may be attached to the frame 2030 using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0393] The frame 2030 may further include one or more frame ribs to structurally reinforce portions of the frame 2030. The frame ribs also reduce vibration in specific areas of the frame 2030. The frame ribs may be located along any desired portion of the forward frame 2040 and / or aft frame 2050 to improve structural stiffness and / or acoustic / vibration response. The frame 2030 may include any combination of the frame ribs described herein.

[0394] The frame ribs extend along the inner surface of the frame 2030. Like the internal bridge, the frame ribs may be integrally formed with the frame 2030. Alternatively, the frame ribs may be formed separately and attached to the frame 2030 using a connection mechanism. The frame ribs may be located near the crown 2010, near the sole 2012, and / or near the periphery of the body. The frame ribs may have any shape and may extend in any direction along the inner surface of the frame 2030. For example, the frame ribs may extend in a front-to-back direction, a heel-to-toe direction, or an oblique direction. The frame ribs may be parallel to the striking face 2002, perpendicular to the striking face 2002, or oblique to the striking face 2002. In some embodiments, the frame ribs may be oblique to the striking face 2002 at an angle between approximately 5 degrees and 45 degrees. In embodiments including multiple frame ribs, the frame ribs may be approximately parallel to each other or oblique to each other. In some embodiments, the frame ribs may intersect one another. The frame 2030 may include any number of frame ribs. For example, the frame 2030 may include one frame rib, two frame ribs, three frame ribs, four frame ribs, five frame ribs, six frame ribs, or any suitable number of frame ribs.

[0395] One or more frame ribs may be FRThe frame 2030 may have various dimensions, including frame rib length and frame rib thickness. These dimensions may be similar to those described above for the golf club head 1000. Each dimension is sized to provide sufficient structural support for the frame 2030. In some embodiments, the frame ribs may be integrally cast with the frame 2030 and formed from the same material as the frame 2030. In other embodiments, the frame ribs may be separately formed and attached to the frame 2030. In embodiments in which the frame ribs are separately formed, the frame ribs may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, the separately formed frame ribs may be attached to the frame 2030 using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0396] In some embodiments, the central insert 2080 may include one or more insert ribs. Similar to frame ribs, the insert ribs dampen vibrations to provide a more desirable, consistent sound and feel response. The insert ribs may be located along any desired portion of the central insert 2080 to improve structural rigidity or acoustic / vibration response. The central insert 2080 may include any combination of the insert ribs described herein.

[0397] The insert ribs extend along the inner surface of the central insert 2080. The insert ribs may be integrally formed with the central insert 2080 or may be formed separately and attached to the central insert 2080 using a connection mechanism. The insert ribs may be located near the crown 2010, near the sole 2012, and / or near the periphery of the body. The insert ribs may have any shape and may extend in any direction along the inner surface of the central insert 2080. For example, the insert ribs may extend in a front-to-back direction, a heel-to-toe direction, or an oblique direction. The insert ribs may be parallel to the hitting face 2002, perpendicular to the hitting face 2002, or oblique to the hitting face 2002. In some embodiments, the insert ribs may be oblique at approximately 5 to 45 degrees relative to the hitting face 2002. In embodiments including multiple insert ribs, the insert ribs may be approximately parallel to each other or oblique to each other. In some embodiments, the insert ribs may intersect each other. The central insert 2080 may include any number of insert ribs. For example, the central insert 2080 may include one insert rib, two insert ribs, three insert ribs, four insert ribs, five insert ribs, six insert ribs, or any suitable number of insert ribs.

[0398] One or more insert ribs can be inserted by insert rib length (L IR ), insert rib height (H IR ), and insert rib offset (O IR) which may be similar to the dimensions described above for the golf club head 1000. Each dimension is sized to provide sufficient structural support for the corresponding composite insert. In some embodiments, the insert ribs may be integrally formed with the central insert 2080 and formed from the same material as the central insert 2080. In other embodiments, the insert ribs may be formed separately and attached to the central insert 2080. In embodiments in which the insert ribs are formed separately, the insert ribs may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. Furthermore, the separately formed insert ribs may be attached to the central insert 2080 using any suitable attachment mechanism, such as adhesive, welding, overmolding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism.

[0399] High vibration areas of the golf club head may be reinforced to control vibration response. As described above, the internal reinforcing structures dampen vibrations to counteract any dominant vibrations associated with the unique body shape and mass distribution of the golf club head described herein. Thus, the body 2001 may include any combination of the external bridges, internal bridges, frame ribs, and / or insert ribs described above. Each of the internal reinforcing structures described above represents a small mass percentage of the body 2001. Therefore, each of the internal reinforcing structures described above provides sufficient support for the corresponding portion of the body 2001 without significantly increasing the structural mass. The internal reinforcing structures allow for large I XX / I YY The ratio can be achieved while resulting in a club head that provides the desired sound and feel response.

[0400] Various examples of internal bridges are shown in FIGS. 20A-20C, 29A and 29B, 37A-37C, and 39A-39C. Various examples of frame ribs are shown in FIGS. 20A-22C, 29A and 29B, and 37A-39C. Various examples of insert ribs are shown in FIGS. 23A-28C, 40A, and 40B. The internal reinforcing features described with respect to golf club heads 1000, 1100 are also applicable for use with golf club head 2000. For example, one or more of the internal reinforcing structures shown in the above-listed figures may extend across central opening 2035 to connect front frame 2040 to rear frame 2050.

[0401] In addition to the internal stiffening structure described above, the frame 2030 also provides improved CG placement and / or mass distribution for large I XX / I YY To achieve this ratio, the frame 2030 may further include one or more mass pads. A mass pad is an internal weighted structure having concentrated mass. The frame 2030 may include one or more mass pads located along desired portions of the frame 2030 for optimal CG placement and / or mass distribution. In many embodiments, discretionary mass provided by a lightweight composite insert, a lightweight shaft-receiving structure, a small arc-shaped weight member-accommodating structure, or any of the other mass reduction structures disclosed herein may be distributed to one or more mass pads. The golf club head 2000 may include an internal reinforcing structure similar to any of the embodiments described above.

[0402] The one or more mass pads may be located on the frame 2030 near a central portion of the crown 2010, near a central portion of the sole 2012, and / or any combination thereof. The one or more mass pads may be located within the central opening 2035 between the anterior frame 2040 and the posterior frame 2050. In these embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be suspended by one or more internal reinforcing features extending across the central opening 2035. In some embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be integrally formed with the frame 2030 and / or one or more internal reinforcing features. In other embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be formed separately and attached to the frame 2030 and / or one or more internal reinforcing features using a connection mechanism such as welding, brazing, a mechanical connection, an adhesive connection, or any other suitable means. In many embodiments, the one or more mass pads may contact a portion of the central insert 2080. In these embodiments, the one or more mass pads may increase the bonding surface area between the frame 2030 and the central insert 2080. The frame 2030 may include any combination of the mass pads described herein.

[0403] In many embodiments, one or more mass pads may be located on or near the Y' axis 80, with all or most of the mass pads falling within the central mass zone (CMZ). XX contributes greatly to YY contributes very little to I XX / I YYThe ratio approaches 1. In many embodiments, one or more mass pads may intersect the Y'-axis 80. The proximity of any of the one or more mass pads to the Y'-axis may be characterized by the size of a central mass zone (CMZ) (as described above) that surrounds all of the one or more mass pads. For example, in some embodiments, the central mass zone radius (R) may be less than 2.00 inches, less than 1.75 inches, less than 1.50 inches, less than 1.25 inches, less than 1.00 inches, less than 0.75 inches, less than 0.50 inches, or less than 0.25 inches. CMZ The one or more mass pads may all be contained within a central mass zone (CMZ) having a central mass zone radius (R CMZ ) is smaller, I XX / I YY The efficiency of each mass pad is higher as the ratio approaches 1. A mass pad that fits within a small central mass zone (CMZ) will have a higher I compared to a similar mass pad of the same mass that does not fit within the central mass zone (CMZ). YY Than I XX For example, a central mass zone radius (R CMZ A 20 gram mass pad that is fully contained within a central mass zone (CMZ) with a central mass zone radius (R) of 0.75 inches CMZ ) compared to a 20 gram mass pad that is only partially contained within the central mass zone (CMZ) with I YY contribution to I XX / I YY the ratio increases).

[0404] The mass pad(s) may be located in the center of the crown 2010 and / or the center of the sole 2012. In many embodiments, at least a portion of the mass pad(s) may intersect the YZ plane (a vertical plane aligned with both the Y axis 50 and the Z axis 60). In some embodiments, all of the mass pad(s) may be located within the mid-section (MS). In some embodiments, all of the mass pad(s) may be located within the body depth (D B ) in the middle 50% of the body depth (D B ), all of the mass pads may be located within the central 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, or 20% of the body width (W B ) within the central 50% of the body width (W B ), in many embodiments, the forward-most point of the mass pad or pads is located within the central 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, or 20% of the body depth (D B ) aft. In some embodiments, the forward-most point of the mass pad or pads may be a significant fraction of the body depth (D B ) may be at least 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25% of the distance behind the vehicle.

[0405] Various examples of mass pads are shown in Figures 29A, 29B, and 39A-39C. The mass pads described with respect to golf club heads 1000, 1100 are also applicable for use with golf club head 2000. For example, the mass pad may be integrally formed with one or more external bridges, internal bridges, and / or frame ribs that extend across the central opening.

[0406] The frame 2030 may include any number of mass pads. For example, the frame 2030 may include one mass pad, two mass pads, three mass pads, four mass pads, five mass pads, six mass pads, or any other suitable number of mass pads. The one or more mass pads may have any shape, such as circular, oval, rectangular, or any other suitable shape. The mass pads of the golf club head 2000 may have similar positions, sizes, and / or masses as the mass pads of the golf club head 1000.

[0407] In many embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass between 10 grams and 60 grams. In some embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass between 10 grams and 15 grams, between 15 grams and 20 grams, between 20 grams and 25 grams, between 25 grams and 30 grams, between 30 grams and 35 grams, between 35 grams and 40 grams, between 40 grams and 45 grams, between 45 grams and 50 grams, between 50 grams and 55 grams, or between 55 grams and 60 grams. In some embodiments, the mass pad(s) may have a mass greater than 5 grams, greater than 10 grams, greater than 15 grams, greater than 20 grams, greater than 25 grams, greater than 30 grams, greater than 35 grams, greater than 40 grams, greater than 45 grams, greater than 50 grams, greater than 55 grams, or greater than 60 grams.

[0408] The one or more mass pads may be integrally cast with the frame 2030 and formed from the same material as the frame 2030. Alternatively, the one or more mass pads may be separately formed and attached to the frame 2030. In these embodiments, the one or more mass pads may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metallic material, a composite material, or any other suitable material. In some embodiments, the separately formed and attached mass pads may be formed from a material having a higher density than the material of the frame 2030.

[0409] In addition to the internal reinforcing structure and mass pads described above, the central insert 2080 may further define one or more recesses to achieve a more desirable club head shape. The one or more recesses allow volume to be removed from the body 2001 and relocated to another, more desirable location. The central insert 2080 may include any of the configurations of recesses described above for the golf club head 1000. One or more recesses may be incorporated along with the internal reinforcing structure and mass pads to further enhance mass relocation.

[0410] The one or more dimples may be located along any desired portion of the frame 2030 and / or central insert 2080. The one or more dimples may be located on the exterior surface of the club head, at the crown 2010 or sole 2012, near the front end 2008, near the rear end 2011, near the heel end 2004, near the toe end 2006, and / or any combination of these locations. The one or more dimples may be integrally formed with the frame 2030, the central insert 2080, and / or any combination thereof. The one or more dimples disclosed herein may occupy any percentage of the exterior surface area of ​​the golf club head 2000.

[0411] Body 2001 may define any suitable number of recesses. In some embodiments, golf club head 2000 may define one recess, two recesses, three recesses, four recesses, five recesses, six recesses, seven recesses, eight recesses, nine recesses, or ten or more recesses. One or more recesses may have any shape, including circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, hexagonal, or any other suitable shape. The recesses of golf club head 1200 may have similar shapes and / or dimensions to the recesses of golf club head 1000.

[0412] Each recess may define a recess volume measured based on the original outer surface of the body 2001. The recess may have a volume of 1 cm 3 ~12cm3 In some embodiments, the total cavity volume is 1 cm 3 ~5cm 3 , 4cm 3 ~8cm 3 , 5cm 3 ~10cm 3 , or 6 cm 3 ~12cm 3 In some embodiments, each depression may be about 1 cm 3 , about 2 cm 3 , about 3cm 3 , about 4cm 3 , about 5cm 3 , about 6 cm 3 , about 7cm 3 , about 8cm 3 , about 9cm 3 , about 10cm 3 , about 11cm 3 , or approximately 12 cm 3 The recess may define a discrete volume.

[0413] 30 shows an example of a golf club head 1000 including recesses 1072A, 1072B, 1072C. The recesses described with respect to golf club head 1000 are also applicable for use with golf club head 2000. For example, the recesses may extend across a portion of frame 2030 and / or central insert 2080.

[0414] The one or more recesses may be integrally formed with the exterior surface of body 2001 and formed from the same material as body 2001. In some embodiments, the recesses are defined in central insert 2080 and are integrally formed from the same material as central insert 2080. In other embodiments, the one or more recesses may be formed from the same material as frame 2030 and / or central insert 2080. In still other embodiments, the one or more recesses may be formed partially from the same material as frame 2030 and partially from the same material as central insert 2080. B. Multi-component center insert

[0415] 53-60 illustrate another embodiment, a golf club head 2100 including a central insert. The golf club head 2100 includes similar dimensions and relationships to the golf club head 2000 described above. Specifically, the golf club head 2100 includes similar dimensions and / or dimensional parameters to the golf club head 2000, such as dimensions and / or dimensional parameters related to the mid-section extent, perimeter extent, upper region (UH) extent, lower region (LH) extent, or any combination thereof. The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. Because the golf club head 2100 is similar to the golf club head 2000, similar reference numerals will be used to describe the golf club head 2100 (e.g., the golf club head 2100 includes a crown 2110, a sole 2112, a heel end 2104, a toe end 2106, etc.).

[0416] Golf club head 2100 is very similar to golf club head 2000, but differs in its central insert. The central insert 2180 of golf club head 2100 comprises multiple insert components that are secured together to form the central insert 2180. In contrast, the central insert 2080 of golf club head 2000 is formed from a single component. In golf club head 2100, multiple insert components are connected together to mimic a central insert formed from a single component. Golf club head 2100 may include a frame 2130 that is very similar to frame 2030 of golf club head 2000. Frame 2130 has a ledge width (W L ) and ledge thickness. Additionally, frame 2130 may include any combination of internal bridges and / or frame ribs as described above for golf club head 2000.

[0417] As described above, the central insert 2180 has a multi-component construction. Specifically, the central insert 2180 includes a heel insert 2180A near the heel end 2104 and a toe insert 2180B near the toe end 2106. The heel insert 2180A and the toe insert 2180B are connected to each other to form a single central insert 2180. Although the central insert 2180 has multiple components, the central insert 2180 can be considered a single central insert 2180 because the central insert 2180 continuously wraps around the body 2101 to form at least a portion of the crown 2110, at least a portion of the sole 2112, and at least a portion of the body periphery near both the heel end 2104 and the toe end 2106.

[0418] Each multi-component central insert defines a connection portion where the insert components are connected to one another. Each connection portion is formed by a joint between a mating edge on one member and an insert ledge on the other member. Referring to FIG. 54, the central insert 2180 defines an upper connection portion 2181A where the heel side insert 2180A and the toe side insert 2180B are connected to one another near the crown 2110. Referring to FIG. 55, the central insert 2180 defines a lower connection portion 2181B where the heel side insert 2180A and the toe side insert 2180B are connected to one another near the sole 2112.

[0419] The toe side insert 2180B is configured to include an insert ledge that receives the heel side insert 2180A. Referring to FIGS. 59 and 60 , the toe side insert 2180B includes an insert ledge that is recessed relative to the outer surface of the central insert 2180. The insert ledge includes an upper insert ledge 2182A located near the crown 2110 and a lower insert ledge 2182B located near the sole 2112.

[0420] The heel-side insert 2180A has a mating edge configured to be received by the insert ledge. The mating edges include an upper mating edge 2183A located near the crown 2110 and a lower mating edge 2183B located near the sole 2112. The upper mating edge 2183A overlaps with the upper insert ledge 2182A to form an upper connecting portion 2181A, and the lower mating edge 2183B overlaps with the lower insert ledge 2182B to form a lower connecting portion 2181B. The overlapping portions of the mating edges and the insert ledges form the connecting portions connecting the toe-side insert 2180B and the heel-side insert 2180A.

[0421] In the illustrated embodiment, the toe side insert 2180B is configured to receive the heel side insert 2180A. In other embodiments, the heel side insert 2180A may be configured to receive the toe side insert 2180B. In many embodiments, the toe side insert 2180B and the heel side insert 2180A are secured together by epoxy or other suitable adhesive means. In some embodiments, the toe side insert 2180B and the heel side insert 2180A may be secured together by mechanical fastening means in addition to or instead of adhesive means.

[0422] The illustrated embodiment depicts a multi-component central insert 2180 including two components, a heel insert 2180A and a toe insert 2180B. However, in other embodiments, the multi-component central insert may include more than two components. For example, the multi-component central insert may include three components, four components, five components, six components, seven components, eight components, nine components, or any suitable number of components. Furthermore, the components do not have to be located exclusively near the heel end and the toe end. In other embodiments, components may be located near the crown, the sole, the heel end, the toe end, and / or any combination of these locations. Providing multiple insert components can improve manufacturability by allowing for the formation of smaller, more simply shaped inserts rather than a single central insert with a complex shape.

[0423] As described above, each multi-component central insert defines a connection portion where the components are connected to one another. In the illustrated embodiment, the central insert 2180 defines two connection portions: an upper connection portion 2181A near the crown 2110 and a lower connection portion 2181B near the sole 2112. In other embodiments, the multi-component central insert may define more than two connection portions. For example, the multi-component central insert may include three connection portions, four connection portions, five connection portions, six connection portions, seven connection portions, eight connection portions, nine connection portions, or any suitable number of connection portions corresponding to the number of inserts. Furthermore, the connection portions need not be located only near the crown and near the sole. In other embodiments, the connection portions may be located near the crown, near the sole, near the heel end, near the toe end, and / or any combination of these locations. In many embodiments, the connections of the multi-component central insert are finished or configured so that they are not visible to the naked eye, making the multi-component central insert look like a single-component central insert.

[0424] As noted above, each connection is formed by a joint between a mating edge on one component and an insert ledge on the other component. In the illustrated embodiment, the heel insert 2180A defines both insert ledges 2182A, 2182B, and the toe insert 2180B defines both mating edges 2183A, 2183B. In other embodiments, each component may include one insert ledge and one mating edge.

[0425] As noted above, central insert 2180 is very similar to central insert 2080. The central insert is received in central opening 2135, and the outer shape of central insert 2180 is similar to central insert 2080. Despite the difference in construction, central insert 2180 has a similar crown area, perimeter area, central insert thickness, and central insert mass as central insert 2080.

[0426] The golf club head 2100 may further include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures, mass pads, and / or recesses described above. The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of the internal reinforcing structures described above to reduce vibrations in specific areas of the body 2101. These reinforcing structures include internal bridges, frame ribs, and / or insert ribs. The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of internal reinforcing structures located in the frame 2130, the toe insert 2180B, and / or the heel insert 2180A. The internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 2100 may have similar height, width, and / or thickness dimensions as the internal reinforcing structures of the golf club head 1000.

[0427] Various examples of internal bridges are shown in FIGS. 20A-20C, 29A and 29B, 37A-37C, 39A-39C, and 52A-52C. Various examples of frame ribs are shown in FIGS. 20A-22C, 29A and 29B, and 37A-39C. Various examples of insert ribs are shown in FIGS. 23A-28C, 40A, and 40B. The internal reinforcing features described with respect to golf club heads 1000, 1100, and 2000 are also applicable for use with golf club head 2100. For example, these internal reinforcing structures may extend across central opening 2135 to connect front frame 2140 to rear frame 2150.

[0428] The 2100 golf club head has a high I position with improved CG placement. XX / I YYTo achieve this ratio, any combination of the internal weighting structures (also referred to as "mass pads") described above may be included. The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of mass pads located on the frame 2130 near a central portion of the crown 2110, near a central portion of the sole 2112, and / or any combination thereof. Various examples of mass pads are shown in FIGS. 29A, 29B, and 39A-39C. The mass pads described with respect to the golf club heads 1000, 1100 are also applicable for use with the golf club head 2100. For example, the mass pads may be integrally formed with one or more external bridges, internal bridges, and / or frame ribs extending across the central opening 2135.

[0429] The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of the above-described recesses to achieve a desired club head shape. The golf club head 2100 may include any combination of recesses located in the frame 2130, the heel insert 2180A, and / or the toe insert 2180B. The recesses of the golf club head 2100 may have a shape and / or dimensions similar to those of the golf club head 2000. FIG. 30 shows an example of a golf club head 1000 including recesses 1072A, 1072B, and 1072C. The recesses described with respect to the golf club head 1000 are also applicable for use with the golf club head 2100. For example, the recesses may extend across a portion of the frame 2130, a portion of the heel insert 2180A, and / or a portion of the toe insert 2180B. c. Weight member i. Adjustable weighting system

[0430] Various embodiments of the golf club heads described herein may further include an adjustable weighting system. The adjustable weighting systems disclosed herein allow a user to adjust the club head CG position for desired performance characteristics, such as shot curvature correction. The adjustable weighting systems disclosed herein may adjust the CG position of the club head for desired performance characteristics, such as shot curvature correction.X The adjustable weighting system disclosed herein includes a heavy weight element (i.e., 10 grams to 50 grams) within a small arc housing structure (i.e., with a slot length of less than 2 inches). The heavy weight element within the small arc housing structure increases CG while reducing the structural mass required for the housing structure. X The adjustable weighting system disclosed herein also facilitates aligning the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35, resulting in increased ball speed. Driver-type club heads typically have a majority of the club head volume located above the loft vertical axis 35, resulting in the club head CG being located above the loft vertical axis 35. A heavy weight member lowers the club head CG closer to the loft vertical axis, reducing the weight member CG. W The weight member is provided at the rearmost and sole side position so that the club head CG is positioned below the loft vertical axis 35. The heavy weight member located at the rearmost and sole side of the golf club head moves the club head CG toward the loft vertical axis 35, and the club head I XX / I YY Not only is the ratio improved, but the ball speed also increases.

[0431] The adjustable weighting system described herein may be similar to that described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 249,525, filed March 4, 2021, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16 / 185,923, filed November 9, 2018 (now U.S. Patent No. 10,556,161), both of which documents are incorporated herein in their entireties. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 61 and 62, adjustable weighting system 190 includes weight member 191 within weight-receiving structure 192, which is adjustable between a plurality of discrete attachment points 193. Weight-receiving structure 192 defines slot 194 configured to receive and accommodate weight member 191 in any of a plurality of discrete positions (described in more detail below). Weight receiving structure 192 may include one or more walls 198 and / or partial ledges 199 that at least partially surround weight member 191 and at least partially close slot inner surface 195. For example, weight receiving structure 192 may include top wall 198a, heel sidewall 198b, and toe sidewall 198c, as well as partial ledge 199 that surrounds slot 194 and receives weight member 191 when the weight member is secured within slot 194.

[0432] The adjustable weighting system 190 includes a plurality of discrete attachment points 193 configured to receive weight members 191. The adjustable weighting systems disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 249,525, filed March 4, 2021, and U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 185,923, filed November 9, 2018, contemplate multiple discrete attachment point 193 locations, including up to six discrete attachment points 193. While a golf club head 100 according to the present invention may include any number of discrete attachment points 193, this disclosure primarily focuses on adjustable weighting systems including three discrete attachment points 193. In particular, FIG. 62 illustrates a heel-side discrete attachment point 193a, a middle discrete attachment point 193b, and a toe-side discrete attachment point 193c, unless otherwise noted. All measurements and descriptions of the adjustable weighting system 190 disclosed herein are for an embodiment in which the weight members 191 are attached to intermediate discrete attachment points 193b unless otherwise noted.

[0433] The adjustable weighting system 190 disclosed herein includes a heavy weight member 191, which, as described above, moves efficiently along a small arc housing structure 192. X and concentrates the mass at the rear lower portion of the golf club head 100. Thus, the heavy weight member 191 XX and I YY While improving both X not only allows for adjustment of the loft vertical axis 35, but also moves the club head CG to align with the loft vertical axis 35. The mass of the heavy weight member 191 is large due to the discretionary mass created by the lightweight composite insert, lightweight shaft-receiving structure, and / or other mass-reducing structures disclosed herein.

[0434] In some embodiments, the mass of the weight member 191 is between 30 grams and 50 grams. In some embodiments, the mass of the weight member 191 may be greater than 30 grams. In one embodiment, the mass of the weight member 191 may be 38 grams. In some embodiments, the mass of the weight member may be between 28 grams and 38 grams, between 30 grams and 35 grams, between 30 grams and 40 grams, between 35 grams and 45 grams, or between 40 grams and 50 grams. The mass of the weight member 191 may be 30 grams, 31 grams, 32 grams, 33 grams, 34 grams, 35 grams, 36 grams, 37 grams, 38 grams, 39 grams, 40 grams, 41 grams, 42 grams, 43 grams, 44 grams, 45 grams, 46 grams, 47 grams, 48 ​​grams, 49 grams, or 50 grams. The mass of the weight member 191 may be greater than 30 grams, greater than 31 grams, greater than 32 grams, greater than 33 grams, greater than 34 grams, greater than 35 grams, greater than 36 grams, greater than 37 grams, greater than 38 grams, greater than 39 grams, greater than 40 grams, greater than 41 grams, greater than 42 grams, greater than 43 grams, greater than 44 grams, greater than 45 grams, greater than 46 grams, greater than 47 grams, greater than 48 grams, greater than 49 grams, or greater than 50 grams. A mass of the weight member 191 between 30 grams and 50 grams is typically sufficient to move the club head CG to coincide with the loft vertical axis 35, and the CG is generally adjusted within the small arc housing structure 192. X However, a heavier golf club head may require a weight member 191 with a larger mass to adjust the club head CG in the same manner.

[0435] Due to the discretionary mass provided by the mass reduction structures described herein, the weight member 191 can comprise a significant proportion of the total club head mass. In particular, the weight member 191 may comprise 15% to 50% of the total club head mass. In some embodiments, the weight member 191 may comprise approximately 18.4% of the total club head mass. In other embodiments, the weight member 191 may comprise 15% to 20%, 20% to 25%, 25% to 30%, 30% to 35%, 35% to 40%, 40% to 45%, or 45% to 50% of the total club head mass. In other embodiments, the weight member 191 may comprise more than 15%, more than 20%, more than 25%, more than 30%, more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, or more than 50% of the total club head mass. If the weight member 191 constitutes 15% to 50% of the club head mass, the weight member constitutes a sufficient proportion of the total club head mass to significantly change the club head CG position.

[0436] As described herein, the weight member 191, which accounts for a significant percentage of the club head mass, significantly alters the club head CG location. As discussed above, aligning the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35 is beneficial, particularly for increasing ball speed. The rearmost and sole-most position of the weight member 191 allows the club head CG to be aligned with the loft vertical axis 35, thereby increasing ball speed. The rearward and sole-most position of the weight member 191 also provides other benefits, including MOI benefits. Specifically, rearward positioning of the weight member 191 moves the club head CG location further rearward, closer to the perimeter centroid (PC), thereby increasing MOI. XX / I YY The ratio can be increased.

[0437] The weight member 191 is located at the weight member center of gravity (hereinafter referred to as "weight member CG W "). Weight member CG Wis a point located at the center of mass of the weight member 191. The weight member 191 is a weight member CG W is configured to be present inside the weight member body. Weight member CG W The position of the weight member CG can be explained in relation to the primary coordinate system of the club head. W is the distance measured along the X axis 40 (CG WX ), the distance measured along the Y axis (CG WY ), and the distance measured along the Z axis 60 (CG WZ ) Distance CG WX , C.G. WY , and C.G. WZ is measured with the weight member 191 attached to the intermediate discrete attachment point 193b (i.e., in a configuration for flying the ball straight) unless otherwise specified.

[0438] Referring to Figure 63, weight member CG W The most sole-side position of the weight member CG measured parallel to the Y-axis 50 W Distance between the center of the face (FC) and the club face (CG) WY It can also be characterized by the weight member CG, which is also called W If the center of the face (FC) is located below the center of the face, the CG WY In many embodiments, the distance (CG WY ) may be between −0.40 inches and −1.20 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WY) is between -0.40 inches and -0.45 inches, between -0.45 inches and -0.50 inches, between -0.50 inches and -0.55 inches, between -0.55 inches and -0.60 inches, between -0.60 inches and -0.65 inches, between -0.65 inches and -0.70 inches, between -0.70 inches and -0.75 inches, between -0.75 inches and -0.80 inches, between -0.80 inches and -0.85 inches, between -0.85 inches and -0.90 inches, between -0.90 inches and -0.95 inches, between -0.95 inches and -1.00 inches, between -1.00 inches and -1.05 inches, between -1.05 inches and -1.10 inches, between -1.10 inches and -1.15 inches, or between -1.15 inches and -1.20 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WY ) can be less than -0.40 inches, less than -0.45 inches, less than -0.50 inches, less than -0.55 inches, less than -0.60 inches, less than -0.65 inches, less than -0.70 inches, less than -0.75 inches, less than -0.80 inches, less than -0.85 inches, less than -0.90 inches, less than -0.95 inches, less than -1.00 inches, less than -1.05 inches, less than -1.10 inches, less than -1.15 inches, or less than -1.20 inches. WY ) between 0.40 inches and -1.20 inches or less is sufficient to lower the club head CG and align the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35.

[0439] Referring to FIG. 63, the weight member 191 is configured to increase the body depth (D B ) over 90% of the distance (CG WZ In some embodiments, the distance (CG WZ ) is the body depth (D B ) Approximately 95%, approximately 96%, approximately 97%, approximately 98%, approximately 99% 、 or about 100%. In other embodiments, the distance (CG WZ ) is the body depth (D B ) may be 94% to 96%, 96% to 98%, or 98% to 100% of the distance (CG WZ ) is the body depth (DB ) is sufficient for the weight member 191 to significantly increase the club head MOI.

[0440] Distance (CG WZ ) can be measured to determine the effectiveness of the placement of the weight member 191. WZ ) is positive, the weight member 191 is positioned rearward of the striking face 102. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WZ ) may be greater than 4.4 inches. In one embodiment, the distance (CG WZ ) may be 4.62 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WZ ) may be 4.4 inches to 4.5 inches, 4.5 inches to 4.6 inches, 4.6 inches to 4.7 inches, 4.7 inches to 4.8 inches, 4.8 inches to 4.9 inches, or 4.9 inches to 5.0 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WZ ) may be greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, or greater than 4.9 inches. WZ ) is sufficiently large indicates that the weight member 191 is efficiently arranged along the Z axis 60.

[0441] As detailed above, in a driver-type club head, the club head CG is typically above the loft vertical axis 35. To lower the club head CG along the Y-axis 50 to align the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35, the weight member CG W 63, the weight member CG W The distance along the Y axis 50 between the ground plane 10 and the ground plane 10 is the distance (Y WGP In many embodiments, the distance (Y WGP ) may be 0.005 to 0.50 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (Y WGP) can be 0.005 inches to 0.10 inches, 0.10 inches to 0.15 inches, 0.15 inches to 0.20 inches, 0.20 inches to 0.25 inches, 0.25 inches to 0.30 inches, 0.30 inches to 0.35 inches, 0.35 inches to 0.40 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.45 inches, or 0.45 inches to 0.50 inches. In many embodiments, the distance (Y WGP ) may be less than 0.50 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (Y WGP ) may be less than 0.50 inches, less than 0.45 inches, less than 0.40 inches, less than 0.35 inches, less than 0.30 inches, less than 0.25 inches, less than 0.20 inches, less than 0.15 inches, or less than 0.10 inches. WGP ) is 0.005 inches to 0.50 inches or less than 0.10 inches, the weight member CG W is lowered enough so that the club head CG is aligned with the loft vertical axis of 35.

[0442] Referring to FIG. 63, the rearmost and sole-side position of the weight member 191 is the weight member CG W The straight-line distance (D) measured between the center of the face (FC) and WFC ) In many embodiments, the distance (D WFC ) is between 4.4 inches and 5.0 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (D WFC ) is between 4.4 inches and 4.6 inches, between 4.6 inches and 4.8 inches, between 4.8 inches and 5.0 inches, between 5.0 inches and 5.2 inches, or between 5.2 inches and 5.4 inches. In other embodiments, the distance (D WFC ) may be greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, or greater than 4.8 inches. WFC ) is greater than 4.4 inches or between 4.4 inches and 5.0 inches is sufficient to increase the club head MOI and align the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35.

[0443] The cross-sectional grid 197 of the golf club head 100 is used to determine the weight member CGW As shown in FIG. 64, the cross-sectional grid 197 is parallel to the YZ plane and the weight member CG W The grid's forward most boundary is tangent to the leading edge 103 and extends parallel to the Y-axis 50. The grid's lower boundary is tangent to the body bottom (BN) and extends parallel to the Z-axis 60. The cross-sectional grid 197 is divided into five equal-width rows (each row width measured along the front-to-back direction of the golf club head 100) with a combined length of 5 inches, and ten equal-height columns (each column height measured along the crown-to-sole direction of the golf club head 100) with a combined height of 2.5 inches. Thus, the cross-sectional grid of FIG. 64 includes 50 boxes, each 0.5 inch by 0.5 inch square. The rows are numbered in the crown-to-sole direction, with the row closest to the crown 110 designated as row A and the row furthest to the sole designated as row E. The rows are numbered 1 through 10, with the row closest to the trailing edge 111 being designated row 1 and the row closest to the leading edge 103 being designated row 10. As shown in FIG. 64, the weight members CG W is located in the box E1 that is the most sole-side and rearmost of the grid. W means that the weight member 191 is disposed at the rearmost position and on the sole side.

[0444] As mentioned above, the weight component CG W By positioning the weight member on or near the loft vertical axis 35, the club head CG is lowered. W is below loft vertical axis 35, weight member 191 ensures that, even as club head CG moves rearward, it substantially lowers club head CG toward loft vertical axis 35. This is true regardless of the mass of weight member 191, so there is no trade-off between having a heavy weight member 191 and having club head CG on or near loft vertical axis 35.

[0445] Referring to FIG. 63, the loft vertical axis 35 and the weight member CG W The minimum orthogonal distance between WLN ) can characterize how effectively the weight member 191 positions mass below the loft vertical axis 35. WLN ) is a negative value, the weight member CG W is located below the loft vertical axis 35, and the distance (CG WLN ) is a positive value, the weight member CG W is located above the loft vertical axis 35. In many embodiments, the distance (CG WLN ) is a negative value. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WLN ) is between −0.05 inches and −0.60 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (CG WLN ) is between -0.05 inches and -0.10 inches, between -0.10 inches and -0.15 inches, between -0.15 inches and -0.20 inches, between -0.20 inches and -0.25 inches, between -0.25 inches and -0.30 inches, between -0.30 inches and -0.35 inches, between -0.35 inches and -0.40 inches, between -0.45 inches and -0.50 inches, between -0.50 inches and -0.55 inches, or between -0.55 inches and -0.60 inches. WLN ) may be less than −0.05 inches, less than −0.10 inches, less than −0.15 inches, less than −0.20 inches, less than −0.25 inches, less than −0.30 inches, less than −0.35 inches, less than −0.40 inches, less than −0.50 inches, or less than −0.55 inches. WLN ) lowers the club head CG, bringing the club head CG more in line with the loft vertical axis 35, resulting in higher ball speeds. WLN The value of is applicable to any orientation of the loft vertical axis 35 defined above, including a loft vertical axis 35 that is perfectly perpendicular to the loft plane 15 and a loft vertical axis 35 that is nearly perpendicular to the loft plane 15.

[0446] The adjustable weighting system 190 described herein is located rearward and sole-side along the body 101 and includes a slot 194 for receiving a weight member 191. As mentioned above, the slot 194 may be contained within a relatively small arc at the rear end 111 of the golf club head 100 to reduce discretionary weight used for the weight-receiving structure 192.

[0447] Referring to FIG. 62, the slot inner surface 195 is defined by the slot length (L S ) and the slot length (L S ) may be 1.6 inches to 2.0 inches. S ) may be between 1.6 inches and 1.7 inches, between 1.7 inches and 1.8 inches, between 1.8 inches and 1.9 inches, or between 1.9 inches and 2.0 inches. In some embodiments, the slot length (L S ) may be less than 2.0 inches, less than 1.9 inches, less than 1.8 inches, or less than 1.7 inches. S If the slot length (L) is less than 2.0 inches, the weight receiving structure 192 will not be too large and take up too much discretionary mass from the club head. S ) is small enough to allow for discretionary mass to be incorporated into the weight member 191 and / or the central mass zone (CMZ), thereby allowing for more advantageous mass placement and reducing the clubhead's I XX / I YY The ratio can be made larger.

[0448] Referring to Figure 62, the distance between adjacent discrete attachment points (hereinafter referred to as "distance (D AA ) can be measured along the X-axis 40. In many embodiments, the distance (D AA ) may be between 0.25 inches and 0.60 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (D AA) can be between 0.25 inches and 0.30 inches, between 0.30 inches and 0.35 inches, between 0.35 inches and 0.40 inches, between 0.40 inches and 0.45 inches, between 0.45 inches and 0.50 inches, between 0.50 inches and 0.55 inches, or between 0.55 inches and 0.60 inches. In some embodiments, the distance (D AA The distance (D) may be less than 0.60 inches, less than 0.50 inches, less than 0.40 inches, or less than 0.30 inches. AA If the distance (D) is less than 0.60 inches, or between 0.25 and 0.60 inches, the position of the weight member 191 can be adjusted sufficiently to correct the shot deflection. AA ) of 0.60 inches or less places the discrete attachment points 193 fairly close together so that the weight-receiving structure 192 is not excessively large and takes up a large portion of the available discretionary mass.

[0449] A typical adjustable weighting system 190 includes a weight member 191 with a low mass, so that the club head CG is adjusted to compensate for shot curvature. X To achieve the desired adjustment, the slot length (L) must be greater than 2 inches. S ) is required (hereinafter referred to as a "large arc" housing structure). As discussed above, the small arc housing structure 192 is advantageous because less discretionary mass is utilized by the weight housing structure 192. The saved weight can be applied to the weight member 191 in a more favorable position to align the club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35 and increase the club head MOI. Because a significant percentage of the mass is captured in the weight member 191, the adjustable weighting system described herein provides a similar increase in club head CG compared to a conventional, lower mass weight member 191 in a large arc housing structure. X For example, if the discrete attachment points 193 are spaced apart by the distance (D AA ), the weight members 191 described herein are spaced apart by the club head C.G. Xcan be shifted by 0.5 inches to 0.9 inches. In one embodiment, the distance (D AA ) is 0.35 inches, when the weight member 191 is moved between adjacent discrete attachment points 193, CG X In another embodiment, when the weight member 191 is moved between adjacent discrete attachment points 193, the CG X may shift by 0.50 inches to 0.55 inches, 0.55 inches to 0.60 inches, 0.60 inches to 0.65 inches, 0.65 inches to 0.70 inches, 0.70 inches to 0.75 inches, 0.75 inches to 0.80 inches, 0.80 inches to 0.85 inches, or 0.85 inches to 0.90 inches. AA ) and CG X The large shift in the arc of the arc of the housing structure 192 means that a high level of shot bow correction is achieved by the small arc housing structure 192 without requiring a large mass to form the housing structure 192.

[0450] The small arc housing structure 192 may also fit at the rearmost end 111 of the golf club head 100. The housing structure 192, which follows the contour of the rearmost end 111, extends closer to the striking face 102 at the heel sidewall 198b and the toe sidewall 198c than at the intermediate discrete attachment points 193b. Thus, the large arc housing structure positions mass closer to the striking face 102 and further away from the rearmost end 111 at the heel side discrete attachment points 193a and the toe side discrete attachment points 193c. The larger the arc of the housing structure, the more forward the weight member will be when positioned in the heel or toe position. Therefore, with such a large arc housing structure, the desired CG X To achieve this shift, the club head CG depth must be significantly reduced, and therefore, such a large arc housing design is less advantageous in terms of aligning the MOI and club head CG with the loft vertical axis 35.

[0451] One way to quantify the benefit of the small arc housing structure 192 is to measure the difference in club head CG depth (as defined above, club head CG depth is the club head CG position along the Z-axis 60) for various weight member 191 placements. Because of the curved shape of a driver-type club head, when the housing structure 192 is located in the heel- and sole-most portions of the golf club head 100, weight members positioned closer to the heel and toe will also be positioned closer to the striking face 102. The club head CG depth for a weight member placement where the weight member 191 is attached to the intermediate discrete attachment point 193b may be compared to a weight member 191 placement where the weight member 191 is attached to either the heel-side discrete attachment point 193a or the toe-side discrete attachment point 193c (both of which are closer to the striking face than the intermediate discrete attachment point 193b). As discussed above, XX and I YY For this reason, it is advantageous for the weight member 191 to be located as far back and as close to the sole as possible. XX and I YY In order to maintain the club head CG position, it is desirable that the difference in club head CG depth between the intermediate weight member location and the heel and toe weight member locations be small.

[0452] In some embodiments, the difference in club head CG depth between the intermediate weight element location and either the heel weight element location or the toe weight element location may be approximately 0 to 0.5 inches. In one embodiment, the difference in club head CG depth between the intermediate weight element location and either the heel weight element location or the toe weight element location may be 0.021 inches. In other embodiments, the differ...

Claims

1. A golf club head, a striking face having a face center, a leading edge, and a lofted surface; a club head CG, a ground contact area, and a total club head mass; a body including a frame, a crown insert, and a sole insert, the body defining a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, and a rear end; A weight member; an outer centroid; a coordinate system centered on the club head CG; The loft vertical axis, 5700 g cm ２ Exceeding I ＹＹ moment of inertia, I of 0.77 to 1 ＸＸ / I ＹＹ Ratio, The frame is a forward frame including a forward crown return forming a forward portion of the crown and a forward sole return forming a forward portion of the sole; a rear frame including a rear crown return forming a rear portion of the crown and a rear sole return forming a rear portion of the sole; a heel-side external bridge connecting the forward sole return and the rearward sole return near the heel end; a toe-side external bridge connecting the front sole return and the rear sole return near the toe end; a crown opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge; a sole opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge, the crown insert is received in the crown opening; The crown insert is a crown insert heel covering forming at least a portion of the sole near the heel end; a crown insert toe covering portion forming at least a portion of the sole near the toe end; the sole insert is received in the sole opening; the weight member is connected to the rear frame and is adjacent to the rear end and the sole; the weight member has a mass greater than 30 grams; The weight member has a CG greater than 4.6 inches. ＷＺ The center of gravity of the weight member is located at The coordinate system is an X' axis extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the ground contact surface; a Y' axis perpendicular to the X' axis and the ground contact surface and extending in a crown-sole direction; a Z' axis that is perpendicular to both the X' axis and the Y' axis and extends in a striking face-rear direction; the loft vertical axis extends through the face center and generally perpendicular to the striking face; the center of gravity of the weight member is located below the loft vertical axis, The club head CG is a distance between the club head CG and the outer perimeter centroid of less than 0.50 inches; an absolute value of CG Loft Vertical Distance less than 0.050 inches; Golf club head.

2. Body depth and A middle section bounded by a middle section front surface and a middle section rear surface, each of the middle section front surface and the middle section rear surface is a vertical surface extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the X' axis; the mid-section front face is spaced aft from the leading edge by 15% of the body depth; a mid-section, the mid-section rear surface being spaced forward from the rearmost point of the body by 15% of the body depth; a central mass zone defined by an imaginary cylinder centered on the Y′ axis and extending through the body from the crown to the sole, the central mass zone having a central mass zone radius of 1.00 inches; a central mass zone, wherein 25% to 50% of the total club head mass is located within the mid-section and 5% to 15% of the total club head mass is located within the central mass zone; The golf club head according to claim 1 .

3. The frame is a front internal bridge and a rear internal bridge extending diagonally across the sole opening between the toe-side external bridge and the forward sole return; a mass pad suspended between the front internal bridge and the rear internal bridge. The golf club head according to claim 2 .

4. the mass pad has a mass of 10 grams to 60 grams; The golf club head according to claim 3 .

5. the mass pad is entirely contained within the central mass zone; The golf club head according to claim 4 .

6. further comprising a crown surface area, a sole surface area, and a body perimeter; the crown insert occupies 50% to 85% of the crown surface area and 25% to 75% of the body periphery; The sole insert occupies 25% to 75% of the sole surface area. The golf club head according to claim 1 .

7. The club head volume, The club head mass, an upper region located above a plane defined by the loft normal axis; a lower region located below the plane, a ratio of the club head volume in the upper region to the club head volume in the lower region is between 1.20 and 2.00; the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region to the club head mass in the lower region is between 0.70 and 1.00; The golf club head according to claim 1 .

8. 15% to 50% of the sole insert is located above the center of gravity of the weight member. The golf club head according to claim 1 .

9. the crown insert and the sole insert are formed from a first material; the frame is formed from a second material; the second material is denser than the first material; The golf club head according to claim 1 .

10. The weight member is spaced apart from the distance D ＷＦＣ Located in The golf club head according to claim 1 .

11. A golf club head, a striking face having a face center, a leading edge, and a lofted surface; a club head CG, a ground contact area, and a total club head mass; a body including a frame, a crown insert, and a sole insert, the body defining a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, and a rear end; A weight member; a coordinate system centered on the club head CG; Body depth of 4.4 inches to 5.0 inches, a middle section bounded by a middle section front surface and a middle section rear surface; The loft vertical axis, 5700 g cm ２ Exceeding I ＹＹ moment of inertia, I of 0.77 to 1 ＸＸ / I ＹＹ Ratio, The frame is a forward frame including a forward crown return forming a forward portion of the crown and a forward sole return forming a forward portion of the sole; a rear frame including a rear crown return forming a rear portion of the crown and a rear sole return forming a rear portion of the sole; a heel-side external bridge connecting the forward sole return and the rearward sole return near the heel end; a toe-side external bridge connecting the front sole return and the rear sole return near the toe end; a crown opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge; a sole opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge, the crown insert is received in the crown opening; The crown insert is a crown insert heel covering forming at least a portion of the sole near the heel end; a crown insert toe covering portion forming at least a portion of the sole near the toe end; the sole insert is received in the sole opening; the weight member is connected to the rear frame and is adjacent to the rear end and the sole; the weight member has a mass greater than 30 grams; The weight member has a CG greater than 4.6 inches. ＷＺ The center of gravity of the weight member is located at The coordinate system is an X' axis extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the ground contact surface; a Y' axis perpendicular to the X' axis and the ground contact surface and extending in a crown-sole direction; a Z' axis that is perpendicular to both the X' axis and the Y' axis and extends in a striking face-rear direction; each of the middle section front surface and the middle section rear surface is a vertical surface extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the X' axis; the mid-section front face is spaced aft from the leading edge by 15% of the body depth; the mid-section rear surface is spaced forward from the rearmost point of the body by 15% of the body depth; the crown insert and the sole insert together define an area that is greater than 50% of the outer surface area of ​​the mid-section; the loft vertical axis extends through the face center and generally perpendicular to the striking face; the center of gravity of the weight member is located below the loft vertical axis, The club head CG is CG leading edge depth of 2.0 inches to 2.5 inches, an absolute value of CG Loft Vertical Distance less than 0.050 inches; Golf club head.

12. further comprising a crown surface area, a sole surface area, and a body perimeter; the crown insert occupies 50% to 85% of the crown surface area and 25% to 75% of the body periphery; The sole insert occupies 25% to 75% of the sole surface area. The golf club head of claim 11.

13. The club head volume, The club head mass, an upper region located above a plane defined by the loft normal axis; a lower region located below the plane, a ratio of the club head volume in the upper region to the club head volume in the lower region is between 1.20 and 2.00; the ratio of the club head mass in the upper region to the club head mass in the lower region is between 0.70 and 1.00; The golf club head of claim 11.

14. the crown insert and the sole insert together define greater than 50% of the surface area of ​​the upper region; The golf club head of claim 13.

15. the crown insert and the sole insert together define an area greater than 50% of the surface area of ​​the lower region; The golf club head of claim 13.

16. the crown insert having a crown insert mass of 5 grams to 12 grams; the sole insert having a sole insert mass of 4 grams to 12 grams; The golf club head of claim 11.

17. the golf club head further comprises a perimeter centroid; the absolute value of the distance between the club head CG and the outer perimeter centroid is less than 0.50 inches; The golf club head of claim 11.

18. 15% to 50% of the sole insert is located above the center of gravity of the weight member. The golf club head of claim 11.

19. the crown insert and the sole insert are formed from a first material; the frame is formed from a second material; the second material is denser than the first material; The golf club head of claim 11.

20. The weight member is spaced apart from the distance D ＷＦＣ Located in The golf club head of claim 11.

21. A golf club head, a striking face having a face center, a leading edge, and a lofted surface; a club head CG, a ground contact area, and a total club head mass; a body including a frame, a crown insert, and a sole insert, the body defining a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, a rear end, and a hollow interior cavity; Body width of 4.4 inches to 5.0 inches, A weight member; a coordinate system centered on the club head CG; The loft vertical axis, 5700 g cm ２ Exceeding I ＹＹ moment of inertia, I of 0.77 to 1 ＸＸ / I ＹＹ Ratio, The frame is a forward frame including a forward crown return forming a forward portion of the crown and a forward sole return forming a forward portion of the sole; a rear frame including a rear crown return forming a rear portion of the crown and a rear sole return forming a rear portion of the sole; a heel-side external bridge connecting the forward sole return and the rearward sole return near the heel end; a toe-side external bridge connecting the front sole return and the rear sole return near the toe end; a crown opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge; a sole opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge, the crown insert is received in the crown opening; The crown insert is a crown insert heel covering forming at least a portion of the sole near the heel end; a crown insert toe covering portion forming at least a portion of the sole near the toe end; the sole insert is received in the sole opening; The sole insert is an interior surface facing the hollow interior cavity; a first insert rib extending along the inner surface in a direction oblique to the striking face; a second insert rib extending along the inner surface in a direction oblique to the striking face; the first insert rib and the second insert rib are parallel to each other; the first insert rib and the second insert rib each have an insert rib length of 1.00 inches to 5.00 inches; The insert rib length is 25% to 90% of the body width, the weight member is connected to the rear frame and is adjacent to the rear end and the sole; the weight member has a mass greater than 30 grams; The weight member has a CG greater than 4.6 inches. ＷＺ The center of gravity of the weight member is located at The coordinate system is an X' axis extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the ground contact surface; a Y' axis perpendicular to the X' axis and the ground contact surface and extending in a crown-sole direction; a Z' axis that is perpendicular to both the X' axis and the Y' axis and extends in a striking face-rear direction; the loft vertical axis extends through the face center and generally perpendicular to the striking face; the center of gravity of the weight member is located below the loft vertical axis, The club head CG is CG leading edge depth of 2.0 inches to 2.5 inches, an absolute value of CG Loft Vertical Distance less than 0.050 inches; Golf club head.

22. A golf club head, a striking face having a face center, a leading edge, and a lofted surface; a club head CG, a ground contact area, and a total club head mass; a body including a frame and a central insert, the body defining a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, and a rear end; A weight member; a coordinate system centered on the club head CG; Body depth of 4.4 inches to 5.0 inches, a middle section bounded by a middle section front surface and a middle section rear surface; The loft vertical axis, 5700 g cm ２ Exceeding I ＹＹ moment of inertia, I of 0.77 to 1 ＸＸ / I ＹＹ Ratio, The frame is a forward frame including a forward crown return forming a forward portion of the crown and a forward sole return forming a forward portion of the sole; a rear frame including a rear crown return forming a rear portion of the crown and a rear sole return forming a rear portion of the sole; a central opening formed between the front frame and the rear frame, the central insert being received in the central opening, the central insert having a central insert outer surface forming at least a portion of the crown, a portion of the heel end, a portion of the toe end, and a portion of the sole; the weight member is connected to the rear frame and is adjacent to the rear end and the sole; the weight member has a mass greater than 30 grams; The weight member has a CG greater than 4.6 inches. ＷＺ The center of gravity of the weight member is located at The coordinate system is an X' axis extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the ground contact surface; a Y' axis perpendicular to the X' axis and the ground contact surface and extending in a crown-sole direction; a Z' axis that is perpendicular to both the X' axis and the Y' axis and extends in a striking face-rear direction; each of the middle section front surface and the middle section rear surface is a vertical surface extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the X' axis; the mid-section front face is spaced aft from the leading edge by 15% of the body depth; the mid-section rear surface is spaced forward from the rearmost point of the body by 15% of the body depth; the central insert defines more than 50% of the outer surface area of ​​the intermediate section; the loft vertical axis extends through the face center and generally perpendicular to the striking face; the center of gravity of the weight member is located below the loft vertical axis, The club head CG is CG leading edge depth of 2.0 inches to 2.5 inches, an absolute value of CG Loft Vertical Distance less than 0.050 inches; Golf club head.

23. A golf club head, a striking face having a face center, a leading edge, and a lofted surface; a club head CG, a ground contact area, and a total club head mass; a body including a frame, a crown insert, and a sole insert, the body defining a crown, a sole, a heel end, a toe end, and a rear end; A weight member; a coordinate system centered on the club head CG; The loft vertical axis, The optimal bulge radius (B) that satisfies one or more of the relationships A, B, and C. Ｏ ), the optimum upper roll radius (R ＯＵ ), and the optimum lower roll radius (R ＯＬ )and, 5700 g cm ２ Exceeding I ＹＹ moment of inertia, I of 0.77 to 1 ＸＸ / I ＹＹ Ratio, The frame is a forward frame including a forward crown return forming a forward portion of the crown and a forward sole return forming a forward portion of the sole; a rear frame including a rear crown return forming a rear portion of the crown and a rear sole return forming a rear portion of the sole; a heel-side external bridge connecting the forward sole return and the rearward sole return near the heel end; a toe-side external bridge connecting the front sole return and the rear sole return near the toe end; a crown opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge; a sole opening formed by the front frame, the rear frame, the heel side external bridge, and the toe side external bridge, the crown insert is received in the crown opening; The crown insert is a crown insert heel covering forming at least a portion of the sole near the heel end; a crown insert toe covering portion forming at least a portion of the sole near the toe end; the sole insert is received in the sole opening; the weight member is connected to the rear frame and is adjacent to the rear end and the sole; the weight member has a mass greater than 30 grams; The weight member has a CG greater than 4.6 inches. ＷＺ The center of gravity of the weight member is located at The coordinate system is an X' axis extending in a heel-to-toe direction parallel to the ground contact surface; a Y' axis perpendicular to the X' axis and the ground contact surface and extending in a crown-sole direction; a Z' axis that is perpendicular to both the X' axis and the Y' axis and extends in a striking face-rear direction; the loft vertical axis extends through the face center and generally perpendicular to the striking face; the center of gravity of the weight member is located below the loft vertical axis, The club head CG is CG leading edge depth of 2.0 inches to 2.5 inches, an absolute value of CG Loft Vertical Distance less than 0.050 inches; Relationship A is 13.91-2.12*CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ <B Ｏ <15.91-2.07*CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ and Relationship B is 2.04 + 3.94 * CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ <R ＯＵ <4.04-3.99*CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ and Relationship C is 11.97 + 2.65 * CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ <R ＯＬ <13.97-2.60*CG Ｚ +CG Ｙ That is, Golf club head.

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