Method for producing a high-temperature superconductor field coil, high-temperature superconductor field coil, solenoid and electromagnet

Abstract

To provide a method of manufacturing a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) field coil which is high in resistance between turns, low in cost, and reduced in magnetic field ripple.SOLUTION: A method of manufacturing a high temperature superconductor (HTS) field coil from one or more HTS tapes, each HTS tape including a layer of HTS material, includes winding 1701 the one or more HTS tapes around an axis to form a field coil including windings of the HTS tape, and removing 1702 material from one or more axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes around at least a portion of the one or more windings to reduce an extent of the one or more HTS tapes along the axis of the field coil.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 17

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to high temperature superconductor (HTS) field coils. In particular, the present invention relates to HTS field coils. This paper relates to an HTS field coil including a loop. [Background technology]

[0002] Superconducting materials are usually divided into "high temperature superconductors" (HTS) and "low temperature superconductors" (LTS). The superconductivity of LTS materials such as Nb and NbTi can be explained by the BCS theory. All low-temperature superconductors have a critical temperature (Ct) below about 30 K. (The temperature above which the material cannot become superconducting, even in zero magnetic field) The behavior of materials is not explained by the BCS theory, and such materials have a critical temperature higher than about 30 K. It may have a temperature (but not a critical temperature, but rather a physical property of the composition and behavior of superconductivity) Note that important differences define HTS and LTS materials. The HTSs being used are "copper oxide superconductors" such as BSCCO and ReBCO (Re is a rare earth metal). element, usually Y or Gd.) Other HTS materials include iron pnictides (e.g., FeAs and and FeSe) and magnesium diboron (MgB2).

[0003] ReBCO is typically manufactured as a tape with the structure shown in Figure 1. Such a tape 100 is typically about 100 microns thick and includes a substrate 101 (typically Typically, electropolished nickel-molybdenum alloys such as Hastelloy®, about 5 0 micron thick), on which ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), magnetron 102, by silicon sputtering, or another suitable technique. A series of buffer layers, approximately 0.2 microns thick, are deposited on the epitaxial ReBCO - HTS layer 103 (by metal oxide chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or another suitable technique) The deposited layer covers the buffer stack and is typically 1 micron thick. A 2 micron silver layer 104 is deposited on the HTS layer by sputtering or another suitable technique. and a copper stabilizer layer 105 is deposited on the tape by electroplating or another suitable technique. The silver layer 104 and copper stabilization layer 105 are also deposited on the sides of the tape 100 and the substrate 101. These layers extend continuously around the periphery of the tape 100, thereby It is possible to make electrical contact to the ReBCO-HTS layer 103 from either side. Therefore, these layers 104, 105 are sometimes called "cladding." Typically, the silver cladding has a uniform thickness of about 1 to 2 microns on both sides and edges of the tape. A silver layer 104 is provided between the HTS layer 103 and the copper layer 105, and the HTS material is bonded to the copper. Tape 1 prevents HTS materials from coming into contact with copper, which can be harmful. Portions of the silver layer 104 and copper stabilization layer 105 on the sides of 00 are not shown in FIG. 1 for clarity. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the substrate 101 extending below the substrate 101. The silver layer 104 is also not shown, but is conventional (see, for example, FIG. 9). provides a low resistivity electrical interface to the ReBCO layer 103 and hermetic protection for the surroundings. Forming a seal, copper layer 105 allows for external connections to the tape (e.g., soldering). (enabling the use of a parallel conduction path for electrical stability).

[0004] The substrate 101 can be delivered through a manufacturing line and can be used to allow subsequent layer growth. The buffer stack 102 provides the mechanical backbone upon which the HTS layers are grown. The biaxially oriented crystal template is provided for the purpose of aligning H from the substrate, which would otherwise impair the superconducting properties. The silver layer 104 prevents chemical diffusion of elements from the ReBCO-HTS layer 103 to the TS. It provides a low resistance interface to the stabilization layer 105, which is in contact with any part of the ReBCO. It provides an alternative current path in case the element stops superconducting (enters the "normal" state).

[0005] Additionally, "peeled" HTS tapes can be produced, which are tapes that are attached to a substrate (e.g., Hastelloy® substrate) and buffer stack, but typically a silver "sara" "Wound coating", i.e., layers on both sides and edges of the HTS layer. The tape is referred to as the "substrate" HTS tape.

[0006] HTS tapes can be placed in HTS cables. HTS cables consist of one or more HTS tape is connected longitudinally via a conductive material (usually copper). TS tapes may be stacked (i.e., arranged with the HTS layers parallel to each other). or some other arrangement of tapes that may vary along the length of the cable. Notable special cases of HTS cables are single HTS tapes and HTS pairs. An HTS pair consists of a pair of HTS tapes with their HTS layers aligned parallel to one another. Where substrate tape is used, the HTS pair is Type 0 (HTS layers face each other) Type 1 (the HTS layer of one tape faces the substrate of the other tape), or Type 2 (substrates facing each other). The cable can be placed in an HTS pair with some or all of the tape. HTS tapes can contain various arrangements of HTS pairs, most commonly Either a stack of Type 1 pairs or a stack of Type 0 pairs and (or equivalent Type 2 pairs) HTS cables may have a mixture of substrate tape and release tape.

[0007] The following terms are used to describe coils herein: - "HTS Cable": A cable constructed with one or more HTS tapes. For the purposes of this definition: A single HTS tape is an HTS cable. - "Turn": The part of the HTS cable that surrounds the inside of the coil (i.e., the complete loop) (The part that can be modeled as - "Arc": A continuous length of coil that is shorter than the entire field coil. - "Inner / Outer Radius": The distance from the center of the coil to the inner / outer side of the HTS cable. - "Inner / Outer Circumference" The distance measured around the inner / outer circumference of the coil. - "Thickness": The radial depth of all turns of the coil, i.e. the difference between the inner and outer radius. - "Critical current (Ic)": The current (H TS is at the characteristic point of the superconducting transition where the tape generates E0 volts per meter. The choice of E0 is arbitrary, but it is usually (This is usually 10 or 100 microvolts.) - Critical temperature: The temperature at which the HTS becomes normally conductive under a given magnetic field and current. - Peak critical temperature: The temperature at which the HTS becomes normally conductive in the absence of an external magnetic field and with negligible current. . -Electrical insulator material: approx. 10 6 Materials with electrical resistivities above ohm-meter. For example, , and insulators such as MgO and diamond have a thermal conductivity of approximately 10 12 Ohm Mate It has a resistivity equal to or higher than that of the -Conductive material: Electrical resistance is approximately 10 -6 Materials below ohm-meter.

[0008] Generally, HTS field coils are roughly divided into two types: "winding" and "assembly." As shown in FIG. 2, the winding coil is formed by forming an HTS cable 201 (shown by the solid line). The coil is wound spirally onto the wire 202. The shape provides a structural part of the final wound coil, or can be removed after winding. As shown in Figure 3, the section coil is divided into several sections. 301, each of which is made up of several cables or preformed (shown in solid lines) ) busbar 311, which forms the arc of the entire coil. The coils are connected by joints 302 to form a complete coil. The turns of the coil are shown spaced apart for clarity, but in general, the coil There will be a material connecting the turns, e.g. potting with epoxy. may be linked by

[0009] The coil should be wired so that the turn-to-turn resistance is approximately 1 ohm or greater. "Insulated" with electrically insulating material between the coil turns, or with the coil turns spaced apart along the cable (e.g. , by soldering or connecting the copper stabilizer layer of the cable by direct contact) Electrically connected (i.e., connected by an electrically conductive material) Insulated HTS coils are suitable for large-scale applications such as plasma control in nuclear fusion magnets. In contrast, non-insulated coils are used in applications where a rapid change in magnetic field is required. Since the settling time is extremely long, it is generally not suitable for large field coils.

[0010] An intermediate option is to use a material between the turns that is a traditional electrical conductor, such as a metal, and a ceramic or Resistivity intermediate to that of conventional electrical insulators such as organic insulators (e.g., 100 to 100 of copper) 16 double, 10 -6 From 10 8 There are "partially insulated" coils with a resistance of 1000 ohms (ohmmeters). HTS magnets, i.e., partially conductive inter-turn connections (i.e., 10 -6 From 10 8 Oh HTS magnets with turn-to-turn connections made of "intermediate" resistivity materials between mm and The net effect is that the magnetic field sweep rate is slower, but the coil does not dissipate heat and / or current through the coil windings. Conduction can occur both around the winding and between the windings, providing thermal and electrical stability under operating conditions. Partial insulation can be achieved by selecting materials with appropriate resistivity, or This can be achieved by providing a partial insulating structure that provides the necessary resistance. Such structures are described in detail in WO2019 / 150123A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. It is described in detail.

[0011] Insulated magnets and partially insulated magnets have turns (windings) that are insulated from each other or connected to each other. The insulated magnet is made of HTS tape and polycarbonate. Partially insulated magnets are often made by winding an insulating material such as imide together. Tapes, etc.) with metal tape, edge coating, special conductive tracks It can be manufactured in a variety of ways, including by wrapping it together with a processed flexible printed circuit board (PCB). It is made.

[0012] Each of these manufacturing methods suffers from one or more drawbacks. For example, HTS tapes When wound with other types of tape (or PCB), the current density in the magnet windings decreases. The introduction of organic insulators (such as polyimide) reduces the Young's modulus of the coil, This can reduce the mechanical performance of the coil. Also, the magnet windings are not bonded (winding Since the contact pressure between turns depends on the contact between turns, the mechanical performance is poor. For example, dry-wound, non-insulated or metal-insulated coils may cause the coil to operate. The induced shielding current generated when the coil is turned on causes conical deformation (deformation of the coil into a cone shape). In addition, some organic insulating materials have low resistance to neutrons. Some of them are therefore unsuitable for fusion applications.

[0013] Another problem with existing methods of making insulated or partially insulated coils is the resistance between turns. is too low to be implemented in large (high inductance) coils. The electromagnetic time constant associated with a coil is the ratio of the coil's inductance to its resistance (L / R): Therefore, a high inductance coil is required to ensure that the coil changes over a reasonable time scale. A correspondingly "high" inter-turn resistance is required to be able to respond to current / magnetic fields. Furthermore, in some cases, the geometry of the turn-to-turn connections and the limited thermal connection to the magnets can result in , excessive ohmic heat is generated during discharge, leading to electrical burnout of the connection. This is the case, for example, when a PCB is introduced between the windings to form a partially insulated magnet. In this case, the thin metal tracks on the PCB are thermally isolated from the rest of the magnet by polyimide insulation. This can occur when the device is insulated.

[0014] Figure 4 shows the radial cross section of a particular type of wound coil known as a "pancake coil." In this coil, the HTS cable (tape) 401 is attached to the ribbon spool. Pancake coils are wound in a similar manner to form flat coils. It is possible to make a pancake with an inner circumference that is any two-dimensional shape. As shown in the radial cross section of FIG. 5, the coil is made up of two pancake coils 501 and 502. The coils are wound in opposite directions, with an insulator 503 between the pancake coils, and the inner terminals are connected together by 50 It is provided as a "double pancake coil" connected with 4. Simply supplying voltage to the outer terminals 521 and 522 (which are generally easily accessible) turns on the coil. A current can be passed through the wire, thereby generating a magnetic field.

[0015] One of the applications of HTS field coils is the Tokamak Plasma Chamber (hereafter referred to as Tokamak). Tokamaks are used to create high-temperature, stable plasmas for nuclear fusion. The combination of idal magnetic field, high plasma current, and usually large plasma volume and large auxiliary heating Auxiliary heating (e.g., high-energy hydrogen, deuterium, tritium) The heating of tens of megawatts by the injection of a neutral beam of ions (often This is necessary to raise the temperature and maintain the plasma current.

[0016] The problem with using HTS field coils in a tokamak plasma chamber is that they are generally Due to the large size, large magnetic field, and large plasma current, the construction and operation costs are high, and the magnet system engineered to handle the large stored energy present in both the system and the plasma. The switching must be robust, and the severe instability can cause megaampere currents to rise in a few thousandths of a second. The problem is that there is a risk of "disruption" in which the value of electricity becomes zero.

[0017] To improve this situation, the doughnut-shaped torus of a conventional tokamak is contracted to its limit. The "Spherical Tokamak (ST)" is a tokamak with a core-like shape. This was first achieved in the START tokamak at Culham, and is expected to significantly improve efficiency. It was demonstrated that the magnetic field required to confine high-temperature plasma can be reduced by a factor of 10. Furthermore, plasma stability may be improved and construction costs may be reduced. .

[0018] The fusion reaction required for economical power generation (i.e., power output is much greater than power input) To obtain this, conventional tokamaks use the energy confinement time (which is proportional to the plasma volume). (which is roughly proportional to the It must be made large enough to be able to do this.

[0019] WO2013 / 030554 describes a component for use as a neutron source or energy source. They describe alternative approaches, including the use of a compact spherical tokamak. Aspect ratio plasma geometry improves particle confinement time and allows for net However, it requires a small diameter central column and is difficult to close the plasma. There are challenges in the design of the magnets associated with the containment vessel.

[0020] Tokamak magnet coils can be divided into two groups: poloidal field coils is a horizontal circular coil wound so that its center is located at the central column of the tokamak. This is a coil that generates a roidal magnetic field (a magnetic field substantially parallel to the central column). The roidal field coil passes vertically through the central column and is located outside the plasma chamber (on the return side). It is wound around the central column and generates a toroidal magnetic field (a circular magnetic field centered on the central column). The combination of the roidal and toroidal magnetic fields generates a spiral magnetic field in the plasma chamber. This allows the plasma to be confined.

[0021] The current required to generate the toroidal magnetic field is very large. Designs are increasingly using superconducting materials for the field coils. To realize a tokamak, it is desirable to make the diameter of the central column as small as possible. However, there is a limit to the current density that can be achieved even with superconducting materials, and conflicting requirements There is a demand.

[0022] FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a casing 602 arranged around a central column 604 oriented along axis A-A'. A plurality of D-shaped TF coils 603A, B (only two of which are shown in FIG. 6) are The toroidal field magnets (TF) 602 are formed from the central column 604. and a spherical tokamak 605A-F, which includes a plurality of poloidal field (PF) magnets 605A-F surrounding the tokamak 605. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the magnet 603A. 603B, 605A-F. When the tokamak is in use, it confines the high-temperature plasma 607 within the toroidal vacuum vessel 608. Generates a closed magnetic field that shapes and controls the magnetic field.

[0023] FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a central column 604 containing multiple current-carrying assemblies 701. A section of the central column of the TF coil passes through the central column 604. The space within is filled by both the current-carrying assembly and non-current-carrying components, such as Be occupied. -Neutron Shielding 702: Heating of the central column and criticality of the superconductor in the central column Prevents current degradation. Electrical isolation 703: electrically insulating current carrying assemblies from each other. Coolant channel 704: carries heat away from the central column (e.g., cryogen (Use Cooling ribs 705: carry heat from the individual current carrying assemblies to the coolant channels 704.

[0024] Figure 8 shows one of the sectors 701 of the central column 604. The sector 701 is a TF The coil 602 includes three current-carrying assemblies 801A-C. includes one or more HTS field coils 801, such as a pancake coil or double pancake coil. As can be seen from Figure 8, the rectangular cross section of the HTS field coil is Other components such as additional cooling channels or sensors may not fit neatly into the arcuate cross section of 701. A large amount of space is wasted beyond what can be usefully used. The configuration of assemblies 801A-C results in high stresses at the corners of the cross section of the HTS coil (Figure 19)

[0025] Another problem with the current-carrying assemblies 801A-C in sector 701 is that the tapered side of sector 701 The current-carrying assemblies 801A and 801C closest to the surface are positioned in the center of the current-carrying assembly 80 The number of turns in the HTS tape is less than 1B. The difference results in a high level of "ripple" in the magnetic field (discussed later in connection with Figure 21). This causes the magnetic field in and near the central column to deviate from the desired circular symmetry. Wow.

[0026] Therefore, to avoid these effects, the central column is an alternative for the lower TF coils. Structure is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0027] An object of the present invention is to provide an HTS field coil that addresses or at least mitigates the above-mentioned problems. The purpose is to provide

[0028] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a high temperature superconductor, HTS, from one or more HTS tapes is provided. A method for manufacturing a field coil is provided, wherein each HTS tape is comprised of layers of HTS material. This method involves winding one or more HTS tapes around a shaft to form a boundary containing the windings of the HTS tape. forming a magnetic coil and an axial winding around at least a portion of the one or more HTS tape windings; Remove material from the directional ends to create one or more areas of HTS tape along the axis of the field coil. and reducing the amount of the ionized water.

[0029] Removing material from the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes is done along the axis of the field coil. This may include reducing the area of ​​the HTS material layer.

[0030] In embodiments where the HTS tape has a layered structure (such as HTS tape 100 shown in FIG. 1), In this case, the HTS tape is typically wound with the layers parallel to the axis of the field coil. That is, the tape is wound so that the layers are arranged concentrically about the axis of the field coil. In such an arrangement, removing material from the axial ends of the HTS tape (e.g., (by mechanical means such as machining) consists of removing material from each layer simultaneously For HTS tapes with rectangular cross sections (such as HTS tape 100 shown in Figure 1), In this case, the axial end of the HTS tape is typically located on the smaller side of the rectangular cross section, i.e., H This corresponds to the edge that corresponds to the "thickness" of the TS tape.

[0031] The material is such that the extent of the HTS layer along the axis of the coil is greater than the extent of the radial and / or windings of the field coil. The material may be removed so as to vary around one or more of the peripheries of the field coil. The material may include removing material from the entire face of the coil. The material may be removed to provide at least one axial surface having a shaped surface. refers to a wire that is in electrical contact with the HTS material and extends across at least the axial end of the HTS tape. The method may include removing any conductive cladding present therein. The cladding may comprise one or more HTS technologies. The entire face of the field coil is removed from the axial end of the tube, and one or more HTS tapes are The HTS material layer may be exposed at the axial ends of the cap.

[0032] The or each HTS tape may be mounted on a flexible substrate (e.g., Hastelloy (registered trademark) a substrate containing a metal or alloy) and an electrical insulator provided on the surface of the flexible substrate. an insulating layer (e.g., buffer stack 102), and an HTS material layer on the electrical insulator layer; Alternatively, a peel tape may be used, in which case the electrical insulation The HTS material layer is deposited on a flexible substrate (which may be made of silver, for example) without a dielectric layer. It will be established.

[0033] In certain embodiments, the or each HTS tape comprises a flexible substrate and a conductive film disposed on the surface of the flexible substrate. an intermediate layer provided on the HTS material layer; an HTS material layer provided on the intermediate layer; and and a conductive cladding extending over at least the axial ends of the HTS tape. Removing material from one or more axial ends of the HTS tape reduces the amount of HTS material in the winding. To increase the electrical resistance between the HTS material layer and the HTS material layer in the adjacent winding, one or more The cladding is partially or completely removed from the axial end of the HTS tape around at least a portion of the upper winding. Removing cladding from one or more ends of the HTS tape may include removing cladding from one or more ends of the HTS tape. The HTS tape is wound around at least a portion of one or more of the windings at the axial end thereof. This may include removing the cladding to expose the S material layer.

[0034] The intermediate layer may be an electrical insulator layer (e.g., buffer stack 102) or a semiconductor layer, e.g., silicon. The semiconductor layer may be a layer of silicon and / or gallium arsenide, and the semiconductor layer may optionally be a layer of a buffer stack 10 The HTS field coil may be constructed as a layer with two resistors in the middle layer, as described above. Depending on the resistivity, it may be radially "insulated" or "partially insulated" (as discussed above). For example, in some embodiments, the resistivity of the intermediate layer is such that it provides a partially insulated coil. In order to -6 From 10 8 It may be between ohms and meters.

[0035] Before the cladding is partially or totally removed from the ends of one or more HTS tapes, The rads may extend continuously around the entire periphery of the HTS tape.

[0036] The method further comprises removing cladding on the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes before removing the metal cladding. The method may include bonding an electrical conductor element to the rad. and electrically connecting at least one of the windings through the axial end of one or more HTS tapes. This may include leaving electrical contacts to provide the flow.

[0037] In embodiments where the intermediate layer is an electrical insulator layer, the electrical insulator layer may be, for example, 3 microns thick. It may have a thickness of less than 1 micron, or less than 1 micron, preferably less than 0.3 microns. The insulating layer may be comprised of one or more layers of ceramic material. It may have a thickness of less than 100 microns, or less than 75 microns, preferably less than 50 microns. good.

[0038] Generally, the HTS material layer may be composed of a ReBCO material, where Re is either Y or Gd. The HTS material layer is less than 10 microns thick, or less than 1 micron thick. The conductive cladding may be made of a metal such as copper and / or silver. Alternatively, the conductive cladding of each HTS tape may extend onto each side of the HTS tape. good.

[0039] The windings of the HTS field coil are arranged in two or more layers stacked along the axis of the field coil. Alternatively, material may be removed from the axial ends of one or more layers of HTS tape. The coil may be, for example, a double pancake coil.

[0040] Material may be removed all around one or more windings.

[0041] The HTS field coil is made by placing the HTS layers of two HTS tapes facing each other. Two HTS substrates arranged as a Type 0 pair, with the substrates separated by an HTS layer. It may also include a loop.

[0042] The method further comprises sealing the ends of one or more HTS tapes with an insulating or conductive material. It can also be included in:

[0043] Removing material from one or more axial ends of the HTS tape preferably comprises removing one or more The axial ends of the HTS tapes are machined to mechanically remove material. Mechanically removing material may include cutting, drilling, laser cutting, Plasma cutting, water jet cutting, grinding, sanding, wire EDM, turning, laser ablation, ion milling, sputtering, and electrical discharge machining. That's fine.

[0044] Alternatively or additionally, the material may be partially or completely removed from the axial end of one or more HTS tapes. For example, if the cladding contains copper, it may be removed chemically using a ferric chloride solution. The cladding may be chemically removed by dissolving the copper with a solution. If it contains silver, dissolve the silver in a solution containing an oxidizing agent such as (preferably) hydrogen peroxide The cladding may be chemically removed by

[0045] The method further comprises, during the step of removing material from the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes: This may include cooling the HTS field coil, for example by cooling the HTS material layer. Heat damage or deterioration can be prevented.

[0046] The method includes grinding the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes after removing material. It may further include.

[0047] The method further comprises removing material from another axial end of the one or more HTS tapes. and another axial end is located opposite the plane of the field coil on which the axial end is located. It is provided on the surface of the opposite field coil.

[0048] Removing material can be done by cutting the HTS field coil and separating the HTS field coil into two or more This may include splitting the HTS field coil into one or more HTS tapes. The HTS field coil may be divided by a cutting plane (e.g., a plane) passing through each of the coils. For example, an HTS field coil may be divided by a cutting plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the coil. The plane preferably bisects the coil. It may further include forming one or more electrical connections therebetween to form a solenoid.

[0049] Winding one or more HTS tapes around an axis to form a field coil is A case having two outer HTS tapes and one or more inner HTS tapes of the above HTS tape The inner HTS tape may be disposed between the outer HTS tapes. A metal clad layer is placed or positioned to provide a conductive path between the HTS layers of the two outer HTS tapes. Before and / or after material removal, the inner HTS tape It may be narrower than the outer HTS tape along the direction parallel to the axis of the film. Before material removal and / or later, the axial ends of the inner and outer HTS tapes, respectively. may be aligned with one another along the end of the cable.

[0050] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing an electromagnet. The method includes a high temperature superconductor (HTS) and a field coil installed in the sealed space. and manufacturing an HTS field coil according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention. removing material from the axial end of the one or more HTS tapes by removing material The method further includes fitting the HTS field coil into the recess or enclosed space. This involves placing the S-field coil in a recess or enclosed space.

[0051] The fit of the HTS coil in a recess or enclosed space is determined by the fact that the HTS coil is or may be in contact with each surface defining the enclosed space (i.e., tight Alternatively, the relative size of the HTS field coil compared to the recess or enclosed space. The length is determined by the slight movement of the HTS field coil within the recess or enclosed space (e.g., less than 1 mm). The recess or the enclosed space may be a part of the winding of the coil or is mounted on a support structure such as a rigid housing or casing that provides mechanical support for the entire The support structure may prevent or limit deformation of the field coil when the field coil is operated. That's fine.

[0052] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a plasma chamber having a plurality of high-temperature plasma generating units for use in a tokamak plasma chamber. A method for fabricating a toroidal field (TF) magnet containing high temperature superconducting (HTS) field coils is presented. This method comprises providing a plurality of HTS field coils in accordance with the method of the first aspect of the present invention. Each of the HTS field coils is attached to the central column of the TF magnet. Each HTS field coil includes a section for installation in each sector. The step of removing material from the axial ends of the tape separates the sections of the HTS field coil. removing material to fit the surface to the cross section of the sector. Including below. Installing the coil sections for each HTS field in their respective sectors; and The sectors are arranged around the central axis to form the central column of the TF magnet, and the sectors are installed The windings in the section of the HTS field coil are arranged parallel to the central axis.

[0053] Material is removed to match the cross section of the HTS field coil section to the cross section of the sector. This means that the cross section of the HTS field coil section is directed towards and / or away from the central axis. The method may include removing material to taper away from the groove.

[0054] Each sector may consist of multiple HTS field coils, the axes of which are , are arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the central axis of the central column.

[0055] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a winding of one or more HTS tapes around the axis of a coil is provided. The or each HTS tape is provided with a high temperature superconductor, HTS, field coil. a flexible substrate, an intermediate layer provided on a surface of the flexible substrate, and a and a layer of HTS material provided on the surface of the one or more HTS tapes. At least one (and optionally all) of the HTS tapes are intermediate to one or more windings. The layers are configured such that there are no conductive paths extending radially across the layers, thereby The HTS material layers of at least one HTS tape of one or more windings are adjacent to each other by an intermediate layer. It is at least partially electrically isolated from the HTS layer of the auxiliary winding.

[0056] The intermediate layer may be an electrical insulator or semiconductor layer (e.g., Si and / or GaAs). As described above in relation to the first aspect of the present invention, HTS field coils can therefore be radially "insulated" or "insulated" depending on the resistivity of the interlayer. In other words, at least one HTS tape in one or more windings may be "partially insulated." The HTS material layer in each winding is electrically isolated from the HTS layer in the adjacent winding by the intermediate layer. It may be edged or partially electrically insulated.

[0057] The HTS field coil may be formed according to the method described above for the first aspect.

[0058] The term "radial" refers to a direction perpendicular to the axis of the coil (i.e., the axis encompassed by the windings of the coil). It means extending in a perpendicular direction, either toward or away from the axis. The absence of a conductive path extending radially across (e.g., an electrical insulator layer) means that there is no conductive path across an intermediate layer. There is no conductive material (or materials) that extends continuously (i.e., spans) radially through the Therefore, the intermediate layer (e.g., an electrical insulator layer) may be used to separate a small portion of one or more windings. The HTS material layer of at least one HTS tape is radially separated from the HTS layer of the adjacent winding. electrically insulating (i.e., electrically insulating along the radial direction) or at least partially Radially electrically insulated.

[0059] The or each HTS tape comprises a conductive cladding electrically connected to a layer of HTS material. In some examples, the cladding may be at least as large as the radius of the first current connection point. In the radial direction outside and the radial direction inside of the second current connection point, across the intermediate layer It does not extend radially.

[0060] The HTS field coil is installed at one or more axial ends of one or more HTS tapes. Alternatively or additionally, the HTS field coil may be made of an electrically insulating material. The tape is a conductive material attached to one or more axial ends of one or more HTS tapes. It may be composed of:

[0061] The winding consists of two outer HTS tapes and one or more inner HTS tapes. The cable may include a winding including an inner HTS tape(s) and an outer HTS tape(s). Placed between the S tapes to provide a conductive path between the HTS layers of the two outer HTS tapes It has a metal clad. The two outer HTS tapes are provided by the metal clad. The conductive pathways between the HTS layers are (in some embodiments) on only one side of the inner HTS tape. It may extend radially across the intermediate layer(s).

[0062] The HTS field coil has an electrical contact surface for supplying current to at least one section of the winding. The surface may be made of a conductor element including the axial end of the conductor element and the field coil. Provides electrical contact between

[0063] The HTS field coil consists of an electrical conductor placed between the intermediate layers of HTS tape in adjacent windings. The HTS material layer may be radially separated from the electrical conductor by an intermediate layer. The HTS field coil is made of an electrical conductor placed between the intermediate layers of HTS tape in adjacent windings. The HTS layer may be radially separated from the electrical conductor by an intermediate layer. The body is an electrical connection for measuring voltage across radially separated portions of the electrical conductor. The circuit may include two or more electrical contacts that can be connected to one another.

[0064] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, one or more HTS field cores according to the fourth aspect of the present invention are or one or more HTS field magnets manufactured according to the method according to the first aspect of the present invention. An electromagnet is provided that includes a coil.

[0065] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plasma vessel and a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field within the plasma vessel. and a set of field coils for the HTS field coil according to the fourth aspect of the present invention. coil, or an HTS field coil manufactured according to the method according to the first aspect of the present invention. , a system is provided.

[0066] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided one or more HTS field coils according to the third aspect of the present invention. or one or more HTS field coils manufactured according to the method according to the first aspect of the present invention. A satellite, an aircraft, or an unmanned aerial vehicle is provided. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0067] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the internal structure of a ReBCO tape. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a winding coil. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a cross-sectional coil. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a pancake coil. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a double pancake coil. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical cross section of a tokamak. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the central support. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a sector of the central column of FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ReBCO tape. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic radial cross-section of a coil containing a cable formed from two ReBCO tapes. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a coil according to an embodiment of the invention formed by removing the metal cladding from the axial ends of the coil of FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of the coil of FIG. 11 modified to include electrical contacts inserted between the windings of the coil. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic radial cross-section of a coil including a pair of conductor plates extending to the axial ends of a coil including a cable formed from two ReBCO tapes. [Figure 14]14 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a coil according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a portion of the metal clad and conductive plate has been removed from the coil of FIG. 13; FIG. 14 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a coil according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a portion of the metal clad and conductive plate has been removed from the coil of FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a schematic radial cross-section of a coil containing a cable formed from four ReBCO tapes. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a coil according to an embodiment of the invention formed by removing metal cladding from the axial ends of the coil. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an HTS coil. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a sector of an exemplary central column. [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows the results of a stress simulation of the HTS stack in the TF magnet. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows the results of a stress simulation of the HTS stack in an exemplary TF magnet. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the central column showing the magnetic field. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing an HTS coil. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a TF magnet including multiple HTS field coils for use in a tokamak plasma chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0068] Here, an HTS field coil is shown after being wound with one or more HTS tapes. Correct the above problem by removing material from the axial ends of the HTS tape. Several solutions are proposed. For example, in one embodiment, the coil is tapered at different regions. To change the superconducting properties of the tape, HTS material is removed from the HTS tape. In an embodiment, a buffer stack of HTS tapes is provided to form an isolated or partially isolated boundary. Material is removed to provide electrical insulation between turns in the magnetic coil. For example, after the HTS tape is wound into the coil, a metal strip is cut from the end of the HTS tape. It can be produced by completely or partially removing the metal cladding. Such coils are called "Buffer Layer Insulator" (BLI) coils. This may happen.

[0069] FIG. 9 shows a radius through a ReBCO tape 900 similar to the ReBCO tape 100 of FIG. Elements that are the same as those in the tape of FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. However, in this example, the copper stabilizer layer 105 and the silver layer 104 are It can appear to extend around the other layers of the copper layer and completely surround them, i.e., copper stabilizer. The riser layer 105 and silver layer 104 act as cladding for the layer structure of the tape 900. .

[0070] As mentioned above, the substrate 101 is typically Hastelloy (registered trademark) and is 50 to 1000 .mu.m thick. The buffer stack 102 has a thickness of about 75 μm. A series of four ceramic layers of a material such as YSZ, typically measuring a few hundred nanometers The combined thickness of the buffer stack 102 is on the order of 100 to a few microns. The details of the thickness generally vary depending on the supplier. The copper cladding 105 is typically It is about 10 to 20 μm thick (including the edges). A buffer stack with a tetrahedral layer may also be used.

[0071] Figure 10 shows the coil winding of two ReBCO tapes 900A and B around axis Z (coil axis). 10 is a radial cross-sectional view of a pancake coil 1000 formed by For convenience, only two windings 1002, 1004 of the tapes 900A, B are shown, but any number of windings may be used. Any number of windings may be used (see, for example, FIG. 13). 1002, 1004 are nested within each other to form a generally planar coil 1000. In this particular example, tapes 900A and 900B are arranged with their ReBCO layers facing each other. This allows two coils to be connected together when coil 1000 is activated. Some current can be shared between tapes 900A and B. Of course, as mentioned above, Other configurations are possible, such as the coil 1000, which is typically soldered with, for example, PbSn solder. The coil is then potted to form a non-insulated coil.

[0072] FIG. 11 shows the coil 1000 with the copper and silver cladding 104, 105 removed from both sides. Radius of coil 1100 made by exposing the layered structure of BCO tape 900 FIG.

[0073] The cladding is mechanically removed by several methods, including lathing or wire EDM. In one preferred embodiment, copper plates are soldered across the faces of the coil 1000. are then milled, ground, turned (e.g., on a lathe), or mechanically removed metal. The plate is mechanically removed by other means and the contacts are then placed through the ends of HTS Tape 900A and B. One or more metal bond rings are left to inject current into the tube 1000. In this case, the cutting tool penetrates the metal plate and cuts HTS Tape 900A, B, and then HTS Tape 9. The ends of coils 1000A and 1000B are removed by about 0.5 mm. to the desired winding resistance (maximized by completely removing the cladding from both sides). Depending on the application, it may be implemented on one or both sides of the coil 1000. The thickness of one or more of the layers 104 of the buffer stack of the plates 900A,B may also be varied. , the winding resistance can be changed (e.g., by using a thinner buffer stack, (It is possible to make coils that are only partially insulated.) Also, other types of metal plates (other than copper) ) can also be used. It is also possible to inject current. For example, metal parts (welding) can be attached to the inner and / or outer diameter of the coil. points) onto which the cable can be terminated, for example by soldering.

[0074] Alternatively or additionally, chemical processes can be used to dissolve the copper and silver cladding. For example, the copper cladding 105 can be dissolved using a ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution. To dissolve the silver cladding 104, a mixture of 1 part ammonium hydroxide and 1 part water is then added. A solution of 1 part hydrogen peroxide, optionally diluted with methanol to slow the reaction rate, can be used. Other reagents include nitric acid and / or hydrochloric acid, or aqueous peroxide in combination with an acid or base. A solution containing HCl can be used to dissolve the silver clad ReBCO layer 103. The surface of copper and silver clad 104, Removal of the silver cladding 104 generally has no effect. Using other reagents to dissolve the ReBCO layer 103 at its exposed edges However, a small amount of degradation at the edge of the ReBCO layer 103 may occur. Generally acceptable for many applications. Optionally, an insulating material such as epoxy resin may then be applied. The edges are sealed with a material to prevent contaminants from entering the exposed tape edges and to ensure thermal contact. A portion of the coil at the inner and outer diameters can be used for current injection purposes. The metal layer can be omitted from the end treatment to leave the metal layer at the end (not shown).

[0075] Another method for removing the copper and silver cladding 104, 105 is sputtering (e.g. For example, using ion milling) and / or laser ablation.

[0076] The structure of the BLI coil 1100 has many advantages. Since it is wound only from BCO (HTS) tape, the current density of the magnet is maximized (HT Other types of insulation or insulation made by co-winding S-tape with other tapes or PCBs (This is in contrast to a partially insulated magnet.) In particular, the buffer layer 102 of the tapes 900A, B is It is always thin, has the largest cross-sectional area, and is in intimate thermal contact with the ReBCO (HTS) layer 103. This makes it a very effective turn-to-turn resistor. The structural integrity of the coil is also improved since the coil 1100 contains (essentially) only HTS tape. , and remains high.

[0077] The buffer stack layer 102 provides insulation between the windings, for example, without using low modulus organic insulators. 6. The coil 600 is preferably made of a quartz material, which provides an insulating barrier between the windings of the coil 600 without the need to introduce additional layers of edging material. This allows the insulated coil to have a high Young's modulus and a high winding density, i.e., essentially HT The winding density is determined solely by the thickness of the tape. The coil 600 is made of additional material between the windings of the HTS tape due to its high winding density (e.g., maximum). In some cases, it can provide a higher current density than other coils that are embedded in the The cross section of the inter-band connection is also the largest, spanning the entire width of the HTS tape, e.g. The coil 600 has a maximum opportunity for heat transfer between the windings. The winding connections can also reduce or minimize strain (or strain variations) within the HTS tape. This can be done, for example, to prevent degradation of the HTS material when the coil is in use and / or to This may make the coil 600 easier to maintain. There is no additional material (such as organic insulation) in the coil. This also avoids the possibility of additional material degradation, which is why the coil is designed to be used in a fusion reactor. This may be of particular concern when exposed to high neutron fluxes such as

[0078] FIG. 12 shows a central conductive region 12 located between the centers (radially) of the windings 1002 and 1004. Coil 12 is identical to coil 1100 except that electrical contact 1201 is made to coil 1102. 12. The central region 1202 is a metal clad (i.e., copper clad). 105 and silver clad 104) and each tape 900A, B (i.e., winding 1004 The substrate 101 is made up of the tape 900B and the tape 900A of the winding 1002. The metal clads 104 and 105 of the conductor region 1202 and the substrate 101 of each tape 900A and 900B are electrically connected to each other, but are directly adjacent to the conductor region 1202 of each tape 900A. The HTS layer 103 of B is electrically insulated from the HTS layer 103 of B by the buffer stack 102. In other words, the electrical contact 1201 is electrically connected (radially) from the HTS layer 102 of the tape. Electrical contact 120 is made to the central region 102 of the electrically insulated windings 1002, 1004. 1, when the coil 1200 is wound, there is metal (e.g., Alternatively or additionally, electrical Contact 1201 solders a metal contact to the axially facing edge of electrical conductor region 1202 It can be made by

[0079] When current is applied to the HTS layer 103 of the windings 1002, 1004, An induced voltage is generated. This voltage is "picked up" by the electrically conductive region 1202. , the electrical contact 1201 and another part of the electrical conductor region 1202, e.g., the radial direction of the coil 1200 Separate electrical contacts made to the innermost turn in the radial direction or to the contacts to the outermost turn in the radial direction. It is possible to measure the voltage using a potentiometer connected between the two. The induced voltage measured between the contacts is the voltage measured across the coil 1200 as a whole. the innermost turn of coil 1200 and the outermost turn of coil 1200. The voltage between the HTS layer 103 and the voltage applied to the HTS layer 103 can be subtracted from the voltage applied to the HTS layer 103. The remaining voltage provides a resistive (rather than inductive) contribution to the voltage drop across coil 1200. Well, this is a good indicator of whether the HTS layer 103 is superconducting. The voltage across the coil 1200 and the induced voltage measured on the electrical conductor region 1202 The difference between indicates that a resistive voltage is building up across coil 1200, which itself is H This indicates that a non-superconducting region has occurred or is occurring in the TS material, and rapid This can lead to excessive heat generation (i.e., quenching).

[0080] Figure 13 shows the HTS tape 1 arranged to form a primarily planar pancake coil. 301 and the coil 1300 across the edge of the HTS tape 1301 on both sides of the coil 1300. 13 is a radial cross-section of a coil 1300 including two ring conductors 1303A, B covering the coil surface. Each ring conductor 1303A, B is an annular conductor made of a conductive material, preferably a metal such as copper. The coil 1300 is made up of a body or ring, and is used to form electrical connections between the windings of the coil 1300. The ring conductors 1303A and 1303B extend radially across the HTS tape 1301. The ends are soldered to the face of the coil 1300 to provide good electrical contact.

[0081] FIG. 14 shows the ring conductors 1303A and 1303B and the clamp conductors 1303 from a portion of the coil 1300 shown in FIG. 14 is a radial cross-sectional view of the coil 1400 obtained by removing the rod 105. For example, material from the ring conductor and cladding may be machined to separate the cladding of the ring conductors 1403A, B. The HTS tape 1401 is left bonded to the rad 105, while the HTS layer 1 is bonded to the end of the HTS tape 1401. 03 can be exposed. Current is supplied to the HTS using the top ring conductor 1403A. The current can be supplied to the coil 1400 through the radially innermost end of the tape 1401. is received by bottom ring conductor 1403B at the radially outermost end of HTS tape 1401. Before being drawn, the current flows around the successive turns of the coil 1400, i.e., the ring conductor 1403. A and B are electrical contacts (or "current connection points") for transferring current to and from the coil 1400. In the initial stage of current injection, the current injected into the coil 1400 functions as The turntable is covered by a ring conductor 1403A (which acts as a small "uninsulated" coil). It is believed that the current distribution through the turn minimizes the impedance between the turns. Then, over time, the current distribution in the coil 1400 changes as follows: (i) initially, The voltage decreasing distribution (current is distributed in two directions from the outermost radial edge of the top ring conductor 1403A) current flows through the turns of coil 900 between ring conductors 1403A, B and through bottom ring conductor 1 (ii) minimize the ohmic voltage Current distribution to limit (current penetrates uniformly through all turns of ring conductors 1403A and B) The temperature is adjusted to the desired level.

[0082] The coil 1400 may, in some instances, have ring conductors 1403A, B on only one side. The ring conductors 1403A, B are on opposite sides of the coil 1400. Although shown as such, they may be provided on the same surface, in which case only one side of the coil 900 Current can be injected or removed, which is useful, for example, in space-constrained environments. This can be advantageous.

[0083] HTS tapes 900A, B, 1301, and 1401 are wound into coils and then metal clad is applied. It is preferable to remove the metal cladding from the sides of the HTS tape before winding the coil. A BLI coil can also be formed by removing the

[0084] The coils 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400 described above are Type 0 configurations. The cable is made of two HTS tapes (with the HTS layers facing each other). This allows current to be shared between the two HTS tapes 900A and 900B. Alternatively, a coil may be formed from a cable containing two or more HTS tapes 900A and 900B. However, in this type of coil, the copper 105 and When the cladding of the Ag104 is removed, the electrical current between all the tapes 900A and B in the cable is The flow may not be shared because the removal of the crud is The current flows only between the tapes with the HTS layers 103 facing each other. The solution to this problem is to This can be achieved by winding a coil from a cable containing HTS tape of various widths.

[0085] FIG. 15 shows windings 1502, 1503 of a cable containing four HTS tapes 1501A-D. 15 is a radial cross-sectional view of a coil 1500 constituting the coil 1504. The central axis Z of the coil (not shown) is , located to the right of the portion of the coil shown in FIG. 15. Two of the tapes 1501A, D are The width of the tape 1501 is larger than that of the other two tapes 1501B and 1501C. The "width" of tapes 1501A-D (i.e., the second shortest dimension of the tape) is 15 and 16 extend vertically to show radial cross sections through the coil. Each of the narrow tapes 1501B and C is used to connect the cables between the wide tapes 1501A and D. and arranged in a Type 0 configuration with one each of wide tapes 1501A and D. , i.e., the wide tapes 1501A, D have their HTS layers 103 at their backs. Tape 901B is oriented closer to the center of the cable than Fastack 102 and is narrower , C indicates that the HTS layers 103 are closer to the center of the cable than the buffer stacks 102. The windings of the coil 1500 (windings 1502, 1504) are oriented so that they point away from the 1506A of the coil 1500 (illustrated as a conductor) is perpendicular to the radial and circumferential directions. 1506A of the coil 1500. The wide tapes 1501A and D are placed on the narrow tapes 1501B and C. 500, resulting in a radially extending portion 1506B at the other (top) side 1506B of the coil 1500. The coils are aligned to give a crenellated surface. The copper clad 104 and copper clad 105 are intact.

[0086] FIG. 16 shows the silver clad 1006B from the flat surface of the coil 1000 to the underside 1006B of the coil 1500. 04 and copper clad 105 are removed, and wide tape 1501A on the upper side 1506B of the coil, The radial cross section of the coil 1600 obtained by removing D is shown (here, "wide" and "narrow" indicates the extent of the tape along the axis of the coil 1600). The cladding 104, 105 is not removed at the top surface 1506B. Between the plates 1501B and 1501C, there is a conductive path provided by the claddings 104 and 105. The narrow tapes 1501B and 1501C, and in turn the tapes 1501A and 1501D that make up the cable, However, the current can be shared between adjacent windings 1502 and 1504. Since there is no conductive path, coil 1600 becomes a BLI coil.

[0087] Alternatively, the coil 1500 may be configured such that the ends of the HTS tape are aligned on one side 1506A. It is not necessary to have a stepped coil 1500 on either side, i.e., it is not necessary to have a "crennelled" coil. In this case, the narrow HTS tape 1501B, C to clad 104, There may be cases where it is not necessary to remove 105.

[0088] This approach (i.e., using HTS tapes of different widths) allows for two or more Cables containing the above HTS tapes can be used to construct insulated or partially insulated coils. This allows for the scalability of this manufacturing method to larger coils. do.

[0089] In some cases, the wide tape 1501A, D on the top surface 1506B of the coil 1500 To facilitate removal of the cladding 104 and 105, a gap between the wide tapes 1501A and 1501D is provided. The coil 1500 may be "potted" with solder to fill the gap. The solder covering tape 1501BC is aligned radially to the wider tapes 1501A and D. The coil 150 is then rotated to remove the cladding 104, 105, providing better mechanical stability. This can prevent damage to the upper surface 1506B of the substrate 10 when processing the upper surface 1506B.

[0090] In one embodiment, the wide tapes 1501A, D have a width of 12 mm, while the wide tapes 1501B, D have a width of 12 mm. The narrow tapes 1501B, C have a width of 11 mm or 10 mm. The HTS layer 103 and buffer stack 102 of tapes 1501A and 1501D are narrow tapes. Wide tape 1501A without damaging cladding 104, 105 of 1001B, C , D, the narrow tape 1501B, C In some cases, the cladding 104 of the tapes 1500A-D preferably extends over the , 105 extend approximately 10 microns beyond the HTS layer 103 and buffer stack 102. 1500 from either side to produce an insulated coil 1600. In such cases, 10 microns of material (i.e., cladding) needs to be removed. However, in practice, variations in the width of the HTS tape and the alignment of the windings relative to each other (i.e. (i.e., coil flatness) is determined by the coil to ensure that the coil is completely insulated. 100 microns or more of material (i.e., cladding and HTS layer 103 and backplane) from each side of the This means that it may be preferable to remove the first stack 102.

[0091] HTS Tape 1501A, D, which provides the outer surface of the cable, is closer to the center of the cable. Cases containing four or more HTS tapes, provided they are wider than HTS Tape 1501B and C. Cables can also be used to make insulated coils.

[0092] FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating an HTS coil from one or more HTS tapes. Each HTS tape is made of a flexible substrate and a an electrical insulator layer (e.g., buffer stack 102) and a H a TS material layer in electrical contact with the HTS material and extending over at least the edge of the HTS tape; The electrical insulation layer is "partially insulating." In this case, the electrical insulator may be, for example, between 100 and 1016 times stronger than copper. Resistivity of 10 -6 From 10 8 may have a resistivity between ohms and meters . Step 1701 of the method involves winding one or more HTS tapes around a shaft. forming a field coil including a loop winding. Step 1702 of the method comprises: forming a layer of HTS material in a winding and a layer of HTS material in an adjacent winding; around at least a portion of one or more of the windings to increase the electrical resistance between the material layers. and partially or completely removing the cladding from the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes. Includes:

[0093] The above discussion applies to one or more axial configurations of the coils 1000, 1100, 1200 in the HTS field. Focus on removing cladding from the ends, but not the width of the field coil (i.e., the coil Additional material can be removed from the axial ends to reduce the axial extent of the Surprisingly, the HTS field coil was found to be highly resistant to physical damage. It is even possible to significantly change the shape of the coil after winding. The magnetic coil can be used even after some holes have been drilled or the coil has been sawn, ground, polished, etc. It has been found to function effectively even after being shaped by standard machining techniques. ) In particular, if there is a break or damage to any part of the coil winding, the current will continue to flow through the HT This allows the current to continue circulating around the S material between adjacent windings. is shared, allowing current to "bypass" the affected part of the winding. Also, the resistance between the windings is low enough that cooling is required to cool the resistive heat load. If done, it may even exceed the minimum critical current.

[0094] These findings suggest that the ease of assembly of double pancake coils is desirable, but The rectangular cross section of the coil is similar to the central column of the toroidal field coil (described above). This provides an important opportunity for situations that present such disadvantages. As will be explained later, the cross section of the coil is preferably sized after winding to fit neatly into the required space. Preferably, the coil can be changed after potting (e.g., with solder or epoxy). "Potting" a coil involves wrapping one or more HTS tapes (cables) around it. After forming the coil, the coil is filled (or wrapped) with a material such as solder or epoxy. This means that the potting material fills the gaps in the coil structure and maintains the structural integrity of the coil. For example, during machining of the coil, the radially inner or outer This is to reduce the possibility of the windings on the side becoming loose or damaged. Potting with solder or other materials can improve the electrical connection between the coil windings. By potting with a structurally effective material such as resin or solder, the diameter It can effectively transmit stress in both directions, allowing for greater strain without exceeding the strain limit of the coil. It may be possible to supply a large current to the coil to generate a strong magnetic field. Does the stiffness of the coil reduce the amount of support the coil requires? For example, a potted coil may have only its outer radius (or conversely, its inner radius) as its stiffness. It can be supported by a high support structure.

[0095] By varying the width of the HTS material layer 103 (i.e., the extent along the axis of the field coil), This changes the superconducting properties of HTS field coils 1000, 1100, and 1200, such as the critical current. The additional material removed generally occurs at each layer within the HTS tape 100. , namely, a substrate 101, a buffer stack 102, an HTS material layer 103, and a cladding The cladding 10 is made up of material from the axial ends of the cladding 104, 105. 4, 105 are removed from the axial ends of the field coils 1000, 1100, 1200. For example, by machining one or both faces of the HTS field coil 200, 500. Alternatively (or additionally) a reduced width HTS field coil can be used. The HTS field coil is cut, for example, in a plane perpendicular to the coil axis Z. Cut the TS field coils 1000, 1100, and 1200 across, thereby It can be manufactured by dividing it into two HTS field coils with reduced width. Divide the coils 1000, 1100, and 1200 into two equal parts, and each of the narrow field coils is It may have a width approximately half that of the field coils 1000, 1100, and 1200. For example, one or more 12mm wide HTS tapes are wound into a pancake coil, and the pancake The coil may be divided into two pancake coils, each having a width of about 6 mm. The cut through the field coils 1000, 1100, 1200 can be made by, for example, electrical discharge machining (spark machining or This may be achieved by wire electrical discharge machining (also known as wire EDM). The axial end(s) are "shorts" (i.e., radial electrical connections between windings) and / or any other damage that may be caused by the cutting process. It may be polished after machining to gently remove damaged edges.

[0096] The axial ends (or potentially all outer surfaces) of the HTS field coils are preferably exposed. The resulting layered structure may be hermetically sealed to prevent the ingress of contaminants. by applying an insulating coating such as a black or resin (e.g., epoxy resin). To avoid creating unwanted electrical connections between turns, In some cases, a rim coating is preferred. However, HTS applications require low inter-turn resistance. In cases where the coil has a high thermal conductivity (e.g., a "partially insulated" coil), the HTS tape layer must be protected. Alternatively, one or more metal layers may be applied (or even applied under an insulating coating). For example, a layer of nickel may be applied by electroplating or other chemical or physical vapor deposition methods. It can be applied to HTS coils by depositing it on the surface of the HTS field coil via Cut.

[0097] The manufacturing method for this reduced width HTS field coil is to Fabricate an HTS field coil by selecting or preparing an HTS tape 100 having a width In particular, after winding the coils, the field coils 1000, 110 HTS tape 100 available from the manufacturer by cutting 0, 1200 to the desired width. In addition, the width of the coil is generally limited by the width of the This requires time and is difficult to perform accurately, and there is a risk of long-term conductor deterioration, especially in high-field coils. Commercially available HTS tape 100 may cause damage (cracks) at the edges of the tape. This avoids the need to cut the HTS tape 100 to produce a narrower width. After S tape 100 is wound around field coils 1000, 1100, and 1200, HTS tape By cutting 100, the profile of the HTS field coil is made into a flat pancake coil. For example, the field coil may be formed into a shape more complex than the axial plane of the field coil. The field may be convex or concave when viewed along the axis of the coil. One or both of the axial surfaces of the field coil are conical, i.e., the outer axial surface of the field coil A shape in which vectors normal to the surface diverge from or converge towards the axis In some instances, only one of the axial surfaces may be non-planar. By changing the width of the HTS field coil, the superconducting properties of the field coil can be controlled by changing the winding method of the coil. The coil can be varied (or "graded") depending on the difference in voltage. The generated magnetic field can also be shaped to some extent by changing the width of the field coil, This is thought to be useful for applications requiring precise control of magnetic fields, such as imaging (MRI). .

[0098] The reduced width HTS field coils fabricated by the above method can be, for example, electrically connected to each other and A double pancake coil may be formed. Also, one or more reduced width HTS field coils may be formed. may be incorporated into an HTS solenoid formed from a stack of pancake coils. Preferably, the width of the coils (i.e., their extent along the axis of the solenoid) is They can be adapted depending on their position in the circuit, e.g., in the middle of an HTS solenoid Coils located on or near the mid-plane are compared with coils located further away from the mid-plane. Generally, the width of the coil is determined by the mid-plane of the solenoid. The magnetic field in this part of the solenoid is HT Since the magnetic field is parallel to the S layer 103, the critical current density tends to be high. Unlike the ends of the solenoid, where the critical current density is generally lower, the It is preferable to have thinner coils at lower temperatures. To balance the critical current and to make optimal use of the conductors throughout the solenoid, the inner pancake The pancake coil (i.e., the pancake coil near the mid-plane of the solenoid) is thin and It is desirable to make the cake coil wider.

[0099] In the above discussion of narrow HTS field coils, the " He mentioned using "conventional" HTS tapes to manufacture coils. In some embodiments, the reduced width HTS field coil includes cladding 104, 105. Alternatively, in some other examples, the HTS tape 100 may be manufactured from a non-HTS The tape is comprised of cladding 104, 105 that does not extend to the axial ends of the HTS tape. That's fine.

[0100] Figure 18 shows an exemplary central column sector 1800. Sector 70 shown in Figure 8 Like the 1, the Sector 1800 has six coils arranged as three double pancake coils. A cross section through a D-shaped HTS coil containing a pancake coil. The HTS coil is a toroidal The section is cut to provide a cross section at the central column, which is a sector of the Now, leave the four pancake coils 1801 towards the center of the sector unchanged, and The two pancake coils 1802 on the left and right of the TA 1800 The cross section of the central column tapers toward and away from the central axis. This is achieved by cutting the slopes 1803 and 1804 so that the slope 1803 , 1804 is a pancake coil 1802 (and the corresponding double coil) compared to that of FIG. The other half of the pancake coil) can be made larger, i.e., on the axis of the central column. The coil can be extended in the direction of travel (i.e., accommodates more windings). The state in which the slope 1803 fits (i.e., fits close to) the boundary of the sector 1800, as shown in FIG. The inclinations 1803 and 1804 are formed by the coil 18 passing through the central column. Only the straight portion of O2 (i.e., the "upright" portion of each D-shaped coil) may be cut, and the "return limb" ” (i.e., the outer part of the central column) is left unchanged.

[0101] A plurality of such coils may be arranged to form a TF magnet, with each coil 1802, 1 The 1800 annular sectors of the 801 central column sections are joined together to form the TF magnet cell. Forms a central column.

[0102] Comparing Figure 18 with Figure 8, the outer double pancake coil 1802 is suitable for cutting the bevel. Even taking into account the reduction in area due to the cross section, the cross section area increases by about 50%, and the current-carrying element pancake The total cross-sectional area of ​​the coils 1801 and 1802 has increased by approximately 25%. This significantly increases the current density of energization element 1800 compared to energization element 701. Further shaping of the coil and / or further opening (e.g., into one or more gaps 1805) The addition of more formed coils would potentially allow for further improvements.

[0103] Figure 19 shows the results of a stress simulation of a cross section 1901 of a TF magnet, and shows the results of a rectangular (i.e. A single pancake coil of HTS tape 1902 with a cross section of 1000 mm (i.e., unmodified) was wound. The stresses in the radially inner portion of the HTS stack 1902 are unacceptable. (compared to the maximum allowable compressive stress of 450 MPa for commonly available HTS tapes) , and in some places over 500 MPa), leading to degradation and possibly permanent damage of the HTS tape. It will be.

[0104] FIG. 20 shows the results of a stress simulation of a cross section 2001 of a TF magnet, with a slope 200 3 shows a single pancake coil winding of HTS tape 2002 cut. Compared to Figure 19, the stress in the entire structure is significantly reduced to 330 MPa or less. It can be seen that...

[0105] Coils 1802, 2002 (and the HTS field coils 1000, 1100, 120 described above) 0) can be achieved by essentially any suitable method for cutting metals or metal composites, for example by electro-discharge machining. (EDM), Grinding, Sanding, Etching, Laser Cutting, Plasma Cutting, Warp It is possible to cut and shape the HTS material by jet cutting or other methods. However, if the temperature exceeds the degradation temperature, the material will be permanently degraded. The degradation temperature depends on the exact HTS material and the manufacturer. The temperature varies, but is generally on the order of 150 to several hundred degrees Celsius. This can be alleviated or avoided by performing appropriate cooling (for example, water cooling) during molding. Additionally, partially insulated coils have high thermal conductivity (especially when soldered) and are therefore difficult to cut. It functions as an effective heat sink when the tape is broken. The curved shape can be created by appropriately shaping the electrodes used for discharge. This is considered preferable in many cases because it allows for easy extraction. It is also possible to use a combination of these methods. For example, most of the materials are One method that can damage the axial end of the S-tape (called the "roughing" process) is used to remove damaged material remaining after the roughing process. can be removed by other methods (sometimes called "finishing" methods) that can be used Cut.

[0106] Generally, HTS coils are suitable for cutting and forming as described above when the coil is: would be suitable for - Non-insulated or partially insulated, i.e., current flows radially between the turns of the coil Shareable structure, spanning substantially its entire length (e.g., regularly (Contains coils with spaced radial current paths). -Solder or epoxy, etc. that hardens to add structure to the coil (or, if conductive, an additional current path) ) to be immersed in a material that provides

[0107] The col can be cut to form the desired shape as described above, but once cut When the coil is wound, there is at least one current path around the winding of the coil, i.e., the HTS tape ( The condition is that the cable must be radially outward from the HTS tape's radially innermost end. is.

[0108] While the above example is directed to a tokamak TF coil, cutting and shaping HTS coils is also possible. The technology can be applied to any application of HTS coils, such as aircraft and spacecraft, where the coils Particularly useful in applications where available space is limited or irregularly shaped It will be understood that the above description focuses on the pancake coil. The method applies equally to other partial or non-insulated coil structures, e.g., joint coils. can be.

[0109] A further advantage of shaping the HTS field coil as described above is that the coil The advantage of this is that it is possible to control the magnetic field more effectively. The magnetic field generated near the central column 2100 of the TF magnet, including the TF coil 2101 The magnetic field away from the central column 2100 is the fundamental Although the magnetic field near the central column 2100 and the central column 21 The magnetic field in 00 has a high level of "ripple" (i.e., lack of symmetry). By forming the 2101 into a "wedge" shape, the coils 2101 can be packed more closely together. The ripples can be significantly reduced. The use of Lug 2101 is not limited to the central column of a tokamak, but also to other types of plasma chambers. rasterators (e.g., stellarators), or MRI machines, NMR spectrometers, and charged particle accelerators. The magnetic field may include any device that generates a precisely controlled magnetic field.

[0110] FIG. 22 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an HTS coil. For example, by winding the HTS cable and partial insulation layer onto a former, In step 2202, the resulting coil is soldered, for example, by soldering or In step 2203, the coil is potted with epoxy. The desired shape is machined by removing material, including the HTS material, so that a current path exists in the It will be constructed.

[0111] Figure 23 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-stage HTS field coil system for use in a tokamak plasma chamber. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a TF magnet, the method comprising: . Step 2301: By removing material from the axial end (or ends) of the coil. Then, a plurality of HTS field coils are manufactured according to the above-described method. Each of the TF magnets (which may be D-shaped coils as shown in FIG. 3) is In order to install the current-carrying assembly 701 etc. in each sector of the central column, The material is HTS. The axis of each HTS tape is adjusted to fit the cross section of the field coil to the cross section of the sector. It is removed from the end of the direction. Step 2302: Install each HTS field coil section in its respective sector. Steps to be followed. Step 2303: To form the central column of TF magnets, a cell is formed around the central axis. The windings in the section of the HTS field coil installed in the sector are , are arranged parallel to the central axis.

[0112] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they have been presented by way of example only. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above and is not intended to depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is understood that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the coils shown above are "Type 0" Although the HTS tape 100 has been described as having the HTS tape 100 arranged in a configuration, other configurations, For example, "Type 1" and "Type 2" (for example, as described in WO2018 / 078326) Similarly, the present disclosure provides a "pancake" coil, i.e., a nested coil. Although illustrated with reference to a generally planar coil formed from interleaved concentric windings, the present disclosure It will be understood from the above discussion that is not limited to such coils. Although the above description refers to a ReBCO tape 100, one or more insulating (or partially insulating) Other types of HTS tapes that consist of a (insulating) buffer layer are ReBCO tapes. Layer composition and / or layer thickness may be used instead of or in addition to the above. The properties of the buffer layer stack, such as For example, the buffer layer may be made of silicon and / or gallium arsenide. It may consist of or include semiconductor materials. A crack is a phase transition in a material from metal to insulator, for example, as a result of changing the temperature of the material. Vanadium oxide to provide turn-to-turn resistance that can be varied based on one or more metals such as VO, V2O3, V3O5, V4O7, V5O9, etc. It may consist of or include a transition to insulator (MIT) material.

[0113] The HTS field coil described above (or equivalently, the HTS field coil manufactured according to the method described above) HTS field coils are particularly advantageous for use in aerospace applications. For example, HTS field coils are Included in aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, satellites, spacecraft, rocket-powered vehicles, and autonomous exploration vehicles In such applications (and others), the axial orientation of one or more HTS tapes can be By removing material from the ends, the coil shape takes up less volume and is lighter This is because it can be adapted to accommodate space and weight constraints such as those of a satellite. This is especially useful for constrained technologies. Buffer-insulated HTS field coils have insulation between the windings. Partially insulated (PI) or fully insulated coils can be provided without the need to introduce additional layers of material. This is also advantageous, and therefore allows for further reduction in coil volume / weight. In addition, since the HTS tape is generally left unmodified when winding the HTS field coil, (removing material after winding), large forces generated during aircraft takeoff and satellite launch It is possible to form tightly wound linked coils that can withstand Other manufacturing methods include removing material from the HTS tape before winding or applying layers between windings. Therefore, it is generally difficult to manufacture an HTS field coil with high mechanical stability.

[0114] HTS field coils generally generate magnetic fields with specific strengths and spatial distributions. However, in some cases, to reduce the size and mass of the coil, material can be removed from the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes, while , it is possible to substantially maintain the intensity and / or spatial distribution produced by the coil. The amount and / or location of material to be removed can be determined by trial and error or, preferably, by measuring the coil and its Determined from computer simulations (e.g., finite element models) of the magnetic fields associated with In the latter case, evolutionary or genetic algorithms can be used to optimize material removal. These algorithms may be used to measure, for example, the strength and spatial distribution of the magnetic field. and / or one or more constraints related to the operating parameters of the coil, such as current and temperature (e.g. If necessary, the tolerance can be met.

[0115] The geometry of the HTS field coil determines the specific current distribution in the tape when the coil is in use. It may also (or alternatively) be altered by removing material from the HTS tape to obtain For example, the ratio of the current to the critical current (I / IC) can be calculated for a specific area of ​​the coil. Material is removed from the HTS tape so that the temperature is approximately constant over the entire coil or over the entire coil. This optimization allows for the "overshoot" to be eliminated (e.g., by machining the coil). The current is reduced to a value substantially equal to the critical current. This allows the coil to be operated in a "saturated" mode, minimizing resistive heating within the coil. An example of this type of optimization is splitting a pancake coil into two smaller (reduced width) coils. The width was reduced by "wire slicing" the pancake coil (which i.e., an HTS field coil divided into two or more HTS field coils with decreasing extent along the coil axis. Pancake coil (see above discussion on reduced width HTS field coils). A further advantage associated with coils manufactured with This allows for the use of smaller and / or lighter power sources and non-superconducting current carrying components. The reduction in power consumption of HTS field coils is due to the fact that they can be used in a wide range of applications, such as electrochemical cells (batteries). ) can also extend the life of the power supply.

[0116] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present invention is used to remove material from coils in the HTS field. The technology used may be selected depending on the application in which the HTS coil is intended to be used. However, in general, EDM, grinding, sanding, etching, laser Cutting, plasma cutting, water jet cutting, chemically removing material, etc. Any of the techniques can be used.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating a high temperature superconductor (HTS) field coil from one or more HTS tapes. wherein each HTS tape includes a layer of HTS material, and the method comprises: and winding the one or more HTS tapes around a shaft to form a field coil including windings of the HTS tapes. forming a an axial direction of the one or more HTS tapes around at least a portion of one or more of the windings; removing material from the ends of the one or more HTS tapes along the axis of the field coil; and a step of reducing and a method comprising:

2. The step of removing material from the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes comprises:

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: reducing the extent of the HTS material layer along the axis of the coil. method.

3. The or each HTS tape is a flexible substrate, an intermediate layer provided on the surface; the HTS material layer provided on the intermediate layer; and and electrically connecting the material and extending across at least the axial end of the HTS tape. a conductive cladding The step of removing material from the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes comprises: from the axial end of the one or more HTS tapes around at least a portion of The cladding is partially or completely removed to separate the HTS material layer within the winding and the adjacent winding.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing the electrical resistance between the HTS material layer and the method.

4. The intermediate layer is an electrical insulator or semiconductor layer, or 4. The method of claim 3, comprising:

5. The step of removing the cladding from the end of the one or more HTS tapes comprises: and removing the one or more HTS tapes around at least a portion of the one or more windings.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising exposing the HTS material layer at an axial end of the tip. How to do it.

6. further comprising sealing the ends of the one or more HTS tapes with an insulating or conductive material.

6. The method according to claim 1, comprising:

7. The step of removing the material from the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes is preferably or by machining the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of mechanically removing the material.

8. The process of mechanically removing the material may be cutting, drilling, laser cutting, plasma cutting, welding, or the like. Jet cutting, grinding, sanding, wire erosion, turning, laser ablation, 8. The method of claim 7, comprising one or more of ion milling, sputtering, and electrical discharge machining.

9. The material may be partially or entirely chemically bonded to the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate is selectively removed.

10. During the step of removing the material from the axial ends of the one or more HTS tapes, 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of cooling the HTS field coil. Law.

11. The step of removing material may include cutting the HTS field coil to remove the HTS field coil.

11. Any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising the step of dividing the coil into two or more HTS field coils.

10. The method according to claim 1.

12. forming one or more electrical connections between the two or more HTS field coils; The method of claim 11 further comprising forming:

13. The step of winding the one or more HTS tapes around the shaft to form a field coil includes the steps of: The one or more HTS tapes include two outer HTS tapes and one or more inner HTS tapes. The inner HTS tape is disposed between the outer HTS tapes, and the outer HTS tape is disposed between the inner HTS tape and the outer HTS tape. The HTS tape has a metal cladding that provides a conductive path between the HTS layers of the two outer HTS tapes.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

14. of the inner HTS tape along the axis of the coil before and / or after the removal of material.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the extent is less than the extent of the outer HTS tape along the axis of the coil. How to do it.

15. Before and / or after the removal of the material, the inner HTS tape and the outer HTS tape are aligned with one another along the end of the cable. The method described below.

16. A method for manufacturing an electromagnet, the electromagnet being formed by a high temperature electromagnet placed in a recess or enclosed space. and a high temperature superconductor (HTS) field coil, the method comprising: Manufacturing an HTS field coil according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15, removing material from the axial ends of one or more HTS tapes of said HTS field coil; The step of removing the material to fit the HTS field coil into the recess or enclosed space. and Installing the HTS field coil in the recess or enclosed space. and a method including:

17. Multiple high-temperature superconductor (HTS) field coils used in the tokamak plasma chamber 1. A method of manufacturing a toroidal field (TF) magnet comprising:

16. A method for manufacturing a plurality of HTS field coils according to any one of claims 1 to 15. Each of the HTS field coils is connected to a central column of the TF magnet. a section for installation in a sector of one or more HTS field coils, The step of removing material from the axial end of the S-tape includes removing the material and a step including the step of adapting the cross section of a section of the field coil to the cross section of said sector. and, placing each HTS field coil section in a respective sector; The sectors are arranged around the central axis to form a central column of the TF magnet, and the sectors The windings in the section of the HTS field coil installed in the rotor are arranged parallel to the central axis. The steps to be placed A method comprising:

18. The material is removed to fit the cross section of the HTS field coil section to the cross section of the sector. The combining step is removing the material so that a cross section of the HTS field coil faces the central axis; and / or tapering away from the central axis.

20. The method of claim 17, comprising:

19. Each sector includes a plurality of HTS field coils, the axes of which are parallel to one another.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the central column is disposed perpendicular to the central axis of the central column. The method described.

20. A high temperature superconductor (HTS) field coil, with one or more HTs disposed around the axis of the coil. a winding of an HTS tape, the or each HTS tape being connected to a flexible substrate, An intermediate insulating layer provided on the surface of the flexible substrate, and an HTS provided on the intermediate layer. and at least one of the one or more HTS tapes comprises a layer of material for one or more windings. and configured such that there are no conductive paths extending radially across the intermediate layer, thereby At least one HTS material layer of one or more HTS tapes of the one or more windings and at least partially electrically insulated from adjacent HTS layers of said one or more windings by an interlayer. High temperature superconductor field coil.

21. The intermediate layer is an electrical insulator or semiconductor layer, or 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:

22. The or each HTS tape may include a conductive layer electrically connected to the HTS material layer. and a conductive cladding, the cladding being located radially outward of at least the first current connection point and The radially inner radial portion of the two current connections does not extend radially across the intermediate layer.

22. The HTS field coil of claim 20 or 21.

23. and electrically insulating material disposed on one or more axial edges of said one or more HTS tapes.

23. The HTS field coil of any one of claims 20 to 22.

24. The winding comprises two outer HTS tapes and one or more inner HTS tapes. a winding of a cable including an inner HTS tape, the inner HTS tape being connected to the outer HTS tape; disposed between the tapes and providing a conductive path between the HTS layers of the two outer HTS tapes.

23. The HTS field coil of any one of claims 20 to 22 having a metal cladding.

25. The metal cladding provides a conductive layer between the HTS layers of the two outer HTS tapes.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the electrical paths extend radially across only one side of the inner HTS tape interlayer.

5. The HTS field coil according to claim 4.

26. a conductor element including an electrical contact surface for supplying current to at least a portion of the winding; The electrical contact surface provides electrical contact between the conductor element and the axial edge of the field coil.

26. An HTS field coil according to any one of claims 20 to 25, comprising:

27. The HTS tape includes a conductor disposed between intermediate layers of the HTS tape of adjacent windings, 27. The layer of material is radially spaced from the conductor by the intermediate layer.

10. The HTS field coil according to claim 9,

28. An HTS field coil according to any one of claims 20 to 27 or claims 1 to 1 5. One or more HTS field coils manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 4. electromagnet.

29. a plasma vessel and a set of field coils for generating a magnetic field within the plasma vessel; Each field coil is a coil according to any one of claims 20 to 27 or claim 1.

16. A system that is an HTS field coil manufactured according to any one of the methods described in any one of claims 1 to 15. Hmm.

30. One or more HTS field coils according to any one of claims 20 to 27 or One or more HTS field magnets manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15. A satellite, aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle containing a coil.

Images