Opening device and method for manufacturing opening device

Abstract

To provide an opening device having good workability.SOLUTION: A frame member 3, a crossing member 4 attached to the frame member 3 so as to cross the frame member 3, and an attachment member 6 for fixing the frame member 3 to one opening 8, wherein the frame member 3 is not fixed to the attachment member 6 or the attachment member 6 is not provided on an outer peripheral side of an attachment position of the crossing member 4 to the frame member 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an opening device to be installed in an opening in a building skeleton or a curtain wall opening, and a manufacturing method for the opening device. [Background technology]

[0002] BACKGROUND ART Opening devices that are installed in openings in the framework of buildings or curtain wall openings have been known for some time. For such opening devices, there is a demand for improved workability. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an opening device that is easy to install and a method for manufacturing the opening device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the opening device according to the invention described in claim 1 is attached to either a main body opening or a curtain wall opening, and is characterized in that it comprises a frame material, a cross member attached to the frame material so as to cross the frame material, and a mounting member that fixes the frame material to the opening, and that the frame material is not fixed to the mounting member on the outer periphery of the mounting position of the cross member to the frame material, or does not have a mounting member.

[0005] The manufacturing method of an opening device according to the invention described in claim 2 is attached to one of either a main body opening or a curtain wall opening, and comprises a frame material, a cross member attached to the frame material so as to cross the frame material, and a mounting member for fixing the frame material to the one opening, and is characterized in that the mounting portion of the frame material to the cross member is not fixed to the one opening, but the frame material is fixed to the one opening via the mounting member at a predetermined interval based on a position that avoids the mounting portion. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] The opening device according to the invention of claim 1 is attached to either a skeleton opening or a curtain wall opening, and comprises a frame member, a cross member attached to the frame member so as to cross the frame member, and a mounting member for fixing the frame member to the opening, and the frame member is not fixed to the mounting member or does not have a mounting member on the outer periphery of the mounting position of the cross member to the frame member, which makes it easy to fix the frame member to the opening and improves workability. Also, the frame member is not fixed to the mounting member or does not have a mounting member on the outer periphery of the mounting position of the cross member to the frame member, which reduces deflection of the cross member in the event of a fire.

[0007] The manufacturing method of an opening device according to the invention of claim 2 is for installation in either a skeleton opening or a curtain wall opening, and includes a frame member, a cross member attached to the frame member so as to cross the frame member, and a mounting member for fixing the frame member to the opening, and the mounting portion of the frame member to the cross member is not fixed to the opening, but the frame member is fixed to the opening via the mounting member at a predetermined interval based on a position that avoids the mounting portion, thereby facilitating the work of fixing the frame member to the opening and improving workability. Also, by not connecting the connecting portion of the frame member to the cross member to the opening, deflection of the cross member in the event of a fire is suppressed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is an outdoor side front view showing a first embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an outdoor side front view showing a modified example of the opening device of the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is an outdoor side front view showing a second embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 7] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 8]FIG. 10 is an outdoor side front view showing a third embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 10] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an outdoor side front view showing a modified example of the opening device of the third embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an outdoor side front view showing a fourth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 14] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 17] 10 is a graph showing the results of a simulation conducted to verify the effect of not fixing the vertical frame at the interlock mounting portion. [Figure 18] (a) is a plan view showing the state of the first embodiment (P=200 mm) after 20 minutes without the eye in the same simulation, and (b) is a plan view showing the state of the comparative example (P=0 mm) after 20 minutes without the eye. [Figure 19] 10 is a graph showing the set temperatures of the heated surface side and the non-heated surface side in the same simulation. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a model used in a simulation. [Figure 21] FIG. 4 is an outdoor side front view showing a comparative example (conventional example) of the opening device of the first embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is an outdoor side front view showing a comparative example (prior art example) of the opening device of the second embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 11 is an outdoor side front view showing a comparative example (prior art example) of the opening device of the third embodiment. [Figure 24] FIG. 11 is an outdoor side front view showing a comparative example (prior art example) of the opening device of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 25] FIG. 10 is an outdoor side front view showing a sixth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. [Figure 26] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the opening device. [Figure 27] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a model of a simulation performed on the opening device of the sixth embodiment. [Figure 28] 10 is a graph showing the results of the simulation, showing the change in the amount of deflection of the backbone over time when there is no anchor on the outer periphery of the attachment portion of the backbone and when there is one. [Figure 29] The figures show the state when the deflection amount is maximum in the same simulation, where (a) shows the case where there is no anchor on the outer periphery of the attachment part of the backbone, and (b) shows the case where there is an anchor on the outer periphery of the attachment part of the backbone. [Figure 30] 10 is a graph showing the set temperatures of the heated surface side and the non-heated surface side in the same simulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of an opening device of the present invention. This opening device is applied to a stepped window type fixed window installed in an opening 8 in the framework of a building.

[0010] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this opening device is constructed by framing an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, and left and right vertical frames 3, 3 (frame materials) made of extruded aluminum alloy in a rectangular shape, with a cross member 4 installed at the center of the left and right vertical frames 3, 3 in the vertical direction, and glass 10 fitted into the opening between the upper frame 1 and the cross member 4 and the opening between the lower frame 2 and the cross member 4, respectively. The crossbeam 4 is attached between the vertical frames 3, 3 by abutting its longitudinal end face against the inner side surface of the vertical frames 3, 3 and threading a screw (not shown) inserted from the outer periphery into the vertical frames 3, 3 into the tapping hole 11 (see Figure 2) of the crossbeam 4. In this opening device, the upper frame 1, the lower frame 2, and the left and right vertical frames 3, 3 are fixed to the opening 8 in the main body via through anchors (mounting materials) 6, respectively.

[0011] As shown in Figure 3, the vertical frame 3 has a groove 12 that is open on the outer periphery. The through anchor 6 attached to the vertical frame 3 is made of a metal such as steel and has a roughly U-shaped cross section. It is inserted into the groove 12 of the vertical frame 3 from the outer periphery and attached by screwing it in with screws 13 from both the outside and inside of the room. Through anchor 6 has frame side bracket 14 fixed to the outer periphery side with screws 15, and frame side bracket 16 fixed to frame opening 8 with screws 17, and frame side bracket 14 and frame side bracket 16 are fastened together with screws 18 from the outside of the room, thereby connecting and fixing vertical frame 3 to frame opening 8. Screws 13 fixing through anchor 6 to vertical frame 3, screws 15 fixing frame side bracket 14 to through anchor 6, screws 17 fixing frame side bracket 16 to frame opening 8, and screws 18 fixing frame side bracket 14 and frame side bracket 16 are all located at the same height in the longitudinal direction of vertical frame 3.

[0012] As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, through anchors 6, frame-side brackets 14, and frame-side brackets 16 are provided along the entire length of vertical frame 3. The black circles in Figure 1 indicate the locations 20 where vertical frame 3 is fixed to frame opening 8 by through anchors 6 (locations fixed with screws 13, 15, 17, and 18). As shown in the figure, vertical frame 3 is fixed to frame opening 8 at a reference position and at a location a predetermined distance (P / 2) above and below the center of attachment portion 19 (the area where the end face of transom 4 abuts) with transom 4. This reference position and a location a predetermined distance (P) above and below the reference position are used as reference positions. In other words, this opening device prevents the outer periphery of attachment portion 19 of vertical frame 3 with transom 4 from being fixed to frame opening 8. The specific dimension of P can be, for example, 300 to 400 mm.

[0013] Like the vertical frame 3, the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 are fixed to the frame opening 8 with through anchors 6, frame side brackets 14, and frame side brackets 16 (see Figures 1 and 2). The fixing points 20 of the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the frame opening 8 with the through anchors 6 are arranged at equal intervals of 300 to 400 mm.

[0014] Figure 21 shows a comparative example (conventional example) of the opening device of the first embodiment. The black circles in the figure indicate the fixing points 20 of each frame member 1, 2, 3 to the opening in the skeleton 8 by the through anchors 6, and as shown in the figure, the conventional opening device is fixed to the opening in the skeleton 8 on the outer periphery of the attachment points 19 with the transom 4 of the vertical frames 3, 3. This is because, conventionally, the fixing points 20 of the anchors 6 are evenly spaced along the length of the vertical frame 3, which increases the probability that the position H / 2, which is the attachment point 19 with the transom 4, will become the fixing point 20 of the anchor 6.

[0015] As mentioned above, this opening device is fixed to the frame opening 8 at a position that avoids the mounting portion 19 of the vertical frames 3, 3 to the transom 4, which has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the transom 4 in the event of a fire, as will be described later. This means that there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the transom 4 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, making it easy to fix the vertical frames 3, 3 to the frame opening 8 and improving workability.

[0016] Next, the results of a simulation conducted to verify the effect of not fixing the outer periphery of the attachment portion 19 of the vertical frame 3 to the interlocking member 4 to the opening 8 in the main body will be described. The simulation was performed using Marc, manufactured by MSC Software. Figure 20 shows the model used for the simulation. In this model, a 40mm square crossbeam 4 is connected to the vertical center of a vertical frame 3 with a U-shaped cross section and a length of 500mm, and the vertical frame 3 is fixed to an opening in the main frame 8 with through anchors 6 and frame side brackets 14. The fixing points 20 to the opening in the main frame 8 by the through anchors 6 are positioned symmetrically above and below the mounting points 19 of the crossbeam 4. For the above model, one side in the indoor / outdoor direction was set as the heated side, and as shown in Figure 19, the temperature was set to rise over time to 780°C, following the same curve as during a fire, while the other side was set as the unheated side and fixed at 10°C.The value of the pitch (anchor fixing pitch) P of the fixing points 20 to the frame opening 8 by the through anchors 6 was changed, and the amount of deflection d (see Figure 18) of the interlock 4 in the out-of-plane direction after 20 minutes was obtained by simulation.Note that when P = 0, the outer periphery of the attachment points 19 of the vertical frame 3 to the interlock 4 is fixed to the frame opening 8.

[0017] Figure 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation, illustrating the relationship between the anchor fixing pitch P and the deflection d of the interlock 4. As shown in the figure, when P = 50 to 100 mm, the deflection d of the interlock 4 remains unchanged or even increases compared to when P = 0 mm, but when P = 110 mm or more, the deflection d clearly decreases as P increases. When P = 150 mm or more, the deflection d did not change much. From these results, it can be said that setting P = 110 mm or more is effective in reducing the deflection d of the interlock 4 in the out-of-plane direction during a fire. In the simulation, the gable 4 is set to be 40 mm square, so by positioning the fixing point 20 of the anchor 6 at least (110 mm - 40 mm) / 2 = 35 mm away from the mounting part 19 of the gable 4 in the longitudinal direction of the vertical frame 3, this has the effect of reducing the amount of deflection d of the gable 4 in the event of a fire.

[0018] Figure 18(a) is a plan view of the model after 20 minutes of simulation when P = 200 mm, and Figure 18(b) is a plan view of the model after 20 minutes of simulation when P = 0 mm. In both models, the transom 4 bends toward the heated surface as the heated surface side heats and expands. However, when P = 200 mm, the vertical frame 3 is not connected to the body opening 8 on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the transom 4. As shown in Figure 18(a), this means that the vertical frame 3 is more likely to expand toward the outer periphery in the in-plane direction (to the left in the figure). This reduces the load on the transom 4, and therefore it is presumed that the deflection amount d of the transom 4 is also reduced.

[0019] Figure 4 shows a modified example of the opening device of the first embodiment. The through anchors 6 attached to the vertical frame 3 are divided into upper and lower parts at the position of the attachment part 19 to the crosspiece 4, and there are no through anchors 6 on the outer periphery of the attachment part 19 to the crosspiece 4. The fixing points 20 to the opening part 8 in the main body by the through anchors 6 of the vertical frame 3, shown as black circles in the figure, are in the same positions as in the embodiment described above (see Figure 1). 1, this embodiment also has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the crosspiece 4 in the event of a fire. Furthermore, since there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the crosspiece 4 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, the work of fixing the vertical frames 3, 3 to the opening 8 in the main body can be easily performed, and construction is easy.

[0020] 5 to 7 show a second embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. Like the first embodiment, this embodiment is applied to a stepped window type fixed window installed in an opening 8 in the skeleton of a building.

[0021] As shown in Figures 5 and 7, instead of through anchors 6, short pitch anchors 7, 7, ... are attached to the vertical frame 3 at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the vertical frame 3. The pitch anchors 7 are attached by engaging with fins 21, 21 provided at the outer circumferential end of the groove 12 of the vertical frame 3 (see Figure 7), and are connected to the frame opening 8 by a frame-side bracket 14 and a frame-side bracket 16. The black circles in Figure 5 indicate the fixing points 20 of the vertical frame 3 to the opening 8 in the main body using the pitch anchor 7, and as in the first embodiment, the fixing points 20 are based on positions that are a predetermined distance (P / 2) above and below the center of the mounting portion 19 of the crossbeam 4, and are located at this reference position and at positions that are a predetermined distance (P) above and below the reference position.

[0022] Like the vertical frame 3, the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 are fixed to the frame opening 8 using pitch anchors 7, frame side brackets 14, and frame side brackets 16 (see Figures 5 and 6).

[0023] Figure 22 shows a comparative example (conventional example) of the opening device of the second embodiment. The black circles in the figure indicate the fixing points 20 of the frame members 1, 2, and 3 to the opening in the skeleton 8 with the pitch anchors 7, and as shown in the figure, the conventional opening device is fixed to the opening in the skeleton 8 on the outer periphery of the attachment part 19 with the transom 4 of the vertical frame 3.

[0024] In this embodiment, by fixing the vertical frame 3 to the frame opening 8 with pitch anchors 7 at a position offset from the attachment portion 19 to the transom 4, similar to the first embodiment, it has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the transom 4 in the event of a fire. As a result, there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the transom 4 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, making it easy to fix the vertical frames 3, 3 to the frame opening 8 and improving workability.

[0025] 8 to 10 show a third embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. This opening device is applied to a fixed window of a continuous window type installed in an opening 8 in the framework of a building.

[0026] As shown in Figures 8 to 10, this opening device is constructed by framing an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, and left and right vertical frames 3, 3 made of extruded aluminum alloy in a rectangular shape, installing a post (cross member) 5 at the center position in the left-right direction of the upper frame (frame member) 1 and the lower frame (frame member) 2, and fitting glass 10 into the opening between the left and right vertical frames 3, 3 and the post 5. In this opening device, the upper frame 1, the lower frame 2, and the left and right vertical frames 3, 3 are each fixed to the opening 8 in the main body by through anchors 6.

[0027] The black circles in Figure 8 indicate the fixing points 20 to the opening 8 in the main body using the through anchors 6. As shown in the figure, the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are fixed to the opening 8 in the main body at positions that are a predetermined distance (P / 2) from the center of the attachment part 19 to the upright 5 in the left-right direction, and at positions that are a predetermined distance (P) from the reference position in the left-right direction. In other words, this opening device is designed so that the outer periphery of the attachment part 19 to the upright 5 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 is not fixed to the opening 8 in the main body.

[0028] Figure 23 shows a comparative example (conventional example) of the opening device of the third embodiment. The black circles in the figure indicate the fixing points 20 of each frame member 1, 2, 3 to the opening in the skeleton 8 with the through anchors 6, and as shown in the figure, the conventional opening device is fixed to the opening in the skeleton 8 on the outer periphery of the attachment points 19 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to the mullions 5.

[0029] As described above, this opening device is designed to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the opening 8 of the main body at positions that avoid the attachment points 19 to the mullions 5, which has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the mullions 5 in the event of a fire. This means that there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the mullions 5 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, making it easy to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the opening 8 of the main body and improving workability.

[0030] Figure 11 shows a modified example of the opening device of the third embodiment. The through anchors 6 attached to the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 are divided into left and right halves at the position of the connection part 19 with the upright 5, and no through anchors 6 are provided on the outer periphery of the attachment part 19 with the upright 5. The fixing points 20 to the opening part 8 in the main body by the through anchors 6 of the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2, shown as black circles in the figure, are in the same positions as in the embodiment described previously (see Figure 8). Like the embodiment in Fig. 8, this embodiment also has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the mullions 5 in the event of a fire. Furthermore, since there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the mullions 5 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 can be easily fixed to the opening 8 in the main body, making construction easier.

[0031] 12 to 14 show a fourth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. Like the third embodiment, this embodiment is applied to a fixed window of a continuous window type installed in an opening 8 in the skeleton of a building.

[0032] As shown in Figures 12 and 13, instead of through anchors 6, short pitch anchors 7, 7, ... are attached to the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2. The black circles in Figure 12 indicate the fixing points 20 of the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the opening 8 in the main body using the pitch anchors 7, and as in the third embodiment, the fixing points 20 are based on positions that are a predetermined distance (P / 2) away from the center of the mounting portion 19 with the upright 5 in the left and right directions, and are located at this reference position and at a position that is a predetermined distance (P) away from the reference position in the left and right directions.

[0033] Figure 24 shows a comparative example (conventional example) of the opening device of the fourth embodiment. The black circles in the figure indicate the fixing points 20 of the frame members 1, 2, and 3 to the opening in the skeleton 8 with the pitch anchors 7, and as shown in the figure, the conventional opening device is fixed to the opening in the skeleton 8 on the outer periphery of the attachment points 19 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to the mullions 5.

[0034] As described above, this opening device is designed to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the opening 8 of the main body at positions that avoid the attachment parts 19 to the mullions 5, and so, like the third embodiment, it has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the mullions 5 in the event of a fire. This means that there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the mullions 5 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, making it easy to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the opening 8 of the main body and improving workability.

[0035] 15 and 16 show a fifth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. This opening device is applied to a panel unit to be attached to a curtain wall opening 9 formed by mullions 22, 22 and transoms 23, 23.

[0036] This opening device is constructed by framing an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, and left and right vertical frames (frame materials) 3, 3, which are made of extruded aluminum alloy, in a rectangular shape, with a cross member 4 installed between the left and right vertical frames 3, 3, a shoji screen 24 that can be opened and closed is installed in the opening between the upper frame 1 and the cross member 4, and glass 10 is fitted into the opening between the lower frame 2 and the cross member 4.

[0037] As shown in Figure 16, through anchors 6 are attached to the left and right vertical frames 3, 3 over the entire length of the vertical frames 3, 3. The through anchor 6 attached to the left vertical frame 3 when viewed from outside the room is fixed with a fastener 28 to a mullion support member 27 attached to a front wall 26 that forms the panel swallowing groove 25 of the mullion 22. The through anchor 6 attached to the right vertical frame 3 when viewed from outside the room is fixed with a screw 29 to the front wall 26 of the mullion 22. 1, the fixing devices 28 and screws 29 that secure the through anchors 6 to the mullions 22 are provided at positions that are a predetermined distance (P / 2) above and below the center of the attachment portion 19 with the transom 4 as a reference position, and a predetermined distance (P) above and below the reference position. In other words, in this opening device, the outer periphery of the attachment portion 19 with the transom 4 of the vertical frame 3 is not fixed to the curtain wall opening 9.

[0038] As shown in Figure 15, through anchors 6 are attached to the outer periphery of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2, and the through anchors 6 are fixed to the studs 23 with screws 30. The fixing points 20 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to the curtain wall opening 9 by the through anchors 6 are arranged at equal intervals of 300 to 400 mm, as in the first embodiment shown in Figure 1.

[0039] As described above, this opening device is designed to fix the vertical frames 3 to the curtain wall opening 9 at a position that avoids the mounting portion 19 of the transom 4, so similar to the first embodiment, it has the effect of suppressing out-of-plane deflection of the transom 4 in the event of a fire. Also, since there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the transom 4 from deflecting in the out-of-plane direction, the work of fixing the vertical frames 3, 3 to the curtain wall opening 9 can be easily performed, and workability is good.

[0040] 25 and 26 show a sixth embodiment of the opening device of the present invention. This opening device is applied to an externally movable single sliding window installed in an opening 8 in the framework of a building. This opening device comprises a frame 37 attached to the opening 8 in the main body, a fixed window section 38 configured in the right-hand area of ​​the frame 37 when viewed from the outside and closer to the interior of the room in the forward direction, and a single shoji screen 39 slidably arranged along the upper and lower frames 1 and 2 within the frame 37 closer to the exterior of the room in the forward direction.

[0041] The frame 37 is made of an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2, and left and right vertical frames 3, 3, each made of extruded aluminum alloy, and is framed in a rectangular shape. A central rib (cross member) 40 is installed in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2, and glass 10 is fitted into the opening between the vertical frame 3 and the central rib 40 on the right side when viewed from outside the room, to form a fixed window section 38. The shoji screen 39 is constructed by assembling a door edge frame 41, a door joint frame 42, an upper frame 43, and a lower frame 44 made of extruded aluminum alloy, with glass 45 fitted inside.

[0042] As shown in Figure 26, the upper frame 1, lower frame 2 and vertical frames 3, 3 are fixed to the opening 8 in the main body via pitch anchors 7 engaged and attached on the outer periphery. The black circles in Figure 25 indicate the fixing points 20 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to the opening 8 of the main frame by the pitch anchors 7, and the fixing points 20 are based on positions that are a predetermined distance (P / 2) away from the center of the attachment part 19 to the backbone 40 in the left and right directions, and are provided at intervals of a predetermined distance (P) from the reference position in the left and right directions. In other words, no pitch anchors 7 are placed on the outer periphery of the attachment part 19 to the backbone 40 of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2, so that they are not fixed to the opening 8 of the main frame.

[0043] As shown in Figure 26, the ribs 40 have a cross-sectional shape in which the projected dimension is larger than the left-right dimension, so when the ribs 40 thermally expand during a fire, they tend to bend in an in-plane direction rather than out-of-plane. As described above, this opening device is designed to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the frame opening 8 at a position that avoids the attachment portion 19 to the ribs 40, which has the effect of suppressing in-plane bending of the ribs 40 during a fire. As a result, there is no need to employ a special structure to prevent the ribs 40 from bending in an in-plane direction, making it easy to fix the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 to the frame opening 8 and improving workability.

[0044] Next, the results of a simulation conducted to verify the effect of not fixing the outer periphery of the attachment portion 19 between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 and the central rib 40 to the body opening 8 will be described. The simulation was performed using Marc manufactured by MSC Software, and a model of only the joint portion was created as shown in Figure 27. For this model, one side in the indoor / outdoor direction was set as the heated side, and the temperature was set to rise to 780°C over time in the same curve as during a fire, as shown in Figure 30, while the other side was set as the non-heated side, fixed at 20°C, and the amount of deflection d in the in-plane direction of the central rib 40 was determined by simulation when there were no anchors 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting part 19 of the central rib 40 (see Figure 29(a)) and when there were anchors 7 (see Figure 29(b)).

[0045] Figure 28 is a graph showing the results of the simulation, showing the change in the amount of deflection d of the midrib 40 in the in-plane direction over time when there is no anchor 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the midrib 40 (no midrib anchor, embodiment) and when there is an anchor 7 (with midrib anchor, comparison example). Figure 29(a) shows the state when the amount of deflection d of the backbone 40 is at its maximum when there is no anchor 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the backbone 40 (embodiment), and Figure 29(b) shows the state when the amount of deflection d of the backbone 40 is at its maximum when there is an anchor 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the backbone 40 (comparison example). As is clear from Figures 28 and 29, when the anchor 7 is present on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the backbone 40, the maximum deflection d of the backbone 40 in the in-plane direction is approximately 102 mm, whereas when the anchor 7 is not present on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 19 of the backbone 40, the maximum deflection d of the backbone 40 in the in-plane direction is approximately 74 mm, which shows that the deflection d is significantly reduced.

[0046] As described above, this opening device (first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth embodiments) is attached to one of the openings 8, 9, either the main body opening 8 or the curtain wall opening 9, and comprises frame members (vertical frame 3, upper frame 1, lower frame 2), cross members (middle members 4, mullions 5, middle ribs 40) attached to the frame members 3, 1, 2 so as to cross the frame members 3, 1, 2, and mounting members (through anchors 6, pitch anchors 7) that secure the frame members 3, 1, 2 to one of the openings 8, 9. Since the frame members 3, 1, 2 are not secured to the mounting members 6, 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting positions of the cross members 4, 5, 40 to the frame members 3, 1, 2 (see Figures 1 and 8), or do not have the mounting members 6, 7 (see Figures 4, 5, 11, 12 and 25), the work of securing the frame members 3, 1, 2 to one of the openings 8, 9 can be easily performed, and workability is good. In addition, since the frame materials 3, 1, 2 are not fixed to the mounting materials 6, 7 on the outer periphery of the mounting positions of the cross members 4, 5, 40 to the frame materials 3, 1, 2, or do not have the mounting materials 6, 7, deflection of the cross members 4, 5, 40 in the event of a fire is reduced.

[0047] The manufacturing method of the opening device (first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth embodiments) is to attach to one of the openings 8, 9 of the skeleton opening 8 or the curtain wall opening 9, and includes frame members (vertical frame 3, upper frame 1, lower frame 2), cross members (middle members 4, mullions 5, central ribs 40) attached to the frame members 3, 1 and 2 so as to cross the frame members 3, 1 and 2, and attachment members (through anchors 6, pins The frame members 3, 1, 2 are fixed to the openings 8, 9 via the mounting members 6, 7 at predetermined intervals based on a position that avoids the mounting members 19 (see Figures 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 25), which makes it easy to fix the frame members 3, 1, 2 to the openings 8, 9 and improves workability. In addition, because the mounting members 19 to the cross members 4, 5, 40 of the frame members 3, 1, 2 are not connected to the openings 8, 9, deflection of the cross members 4, 5, 40 in the event of a fire is reduced.

[0048] In this opening device, the frame members 3, 1, 2 are fixed to one of the openings 8, 9 at a position spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the frame members 3, 1, 2 from the mounting portion 19 of the cross members 4, 5, 40 (see Figures 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 25), which makes it easier to fix the frame members 3, 1, 2 to one of the openings 8, 9 and also prevents the cross members 4, 5, 40 from deflecting in the event of a fire.

[0049] In this opening device, the frame members 3, 1, 2 are fixed to one opening 8, 9 at a position at least 35 mm away from the mounting portion 19 of the cross members 4, 5, 40 in the longitudinal direction of the frame members 3, 1, 2, thereby reliably suppressing the deflection of the cross members 4, 5, 40 in the event of a fire.

[0050] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The cross-sectional shapes and materials of the frame members, cross members, and mounting members can be changed as appropriate. The positions and spacing of the mounting member fixing points can be changed as appropriate. The mounting members may be fixed to the frame opening by welding. The structure of the frame opening and curtain wall opening is not important. The present invention is not limited to fixed windows and can be applied to all window types. [Explanation of symbols]

[0051] 1 Upper frame (frame material) 2 Lower frame (frame material) 3 Vertical frame (frame material) 4. No cross wood 5 Mullions (cross members) 6 Through anchor (mounting material) 7 Pitch anchor (mounting material) 8 Structure opening 9 Curtain wall opening 40 Rib (cross piece)

Claims

1. An opening device that is attached to either a main body opening or a curtain wall opening, and that comprises a frame material, a cross member attached to the frame material so as to cross the frame material, and a mounting member that fixes the frame material to the opening, and that is characterized in that the frame material is not fixed to the mounting member on the outer periphery of the mounting position of the cross member to the frame material, or does not have a mounting member.

2. A manufacturing method for an opening device that is attached to either a main body opening or a curtain wall opening, and that comprises a frame material, a cross member attached to the frame material so as to cross the frame material, and a mounting member that fixes the frame material to the opening, and the mounting portion of the frame material to the cross member is not fixed to the opening, but the frame material is fixed to the opening via the mounting member at a predetermined interval based on a position that avoids the mounting portion.

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