Drilling method and drilling machine

Abstract

To provide a drilling machine having deeper drilling capacity.SOLUTION: A drilling machine 1 includes a bit 111 for drilling, a down-the-hole hammer 112 that applies a striking force to the bit 111, a boring rod 113 that transmits a rotational force to the bit 111, a casing 12 that is installed in a hole during drilling, a lid member 13 that is provided on an upper portion of the casing 12 and covers a space between the upper portion of the casing 12 and the boring rod 113, and a suction device 14 that discharges slime generated during drilling from a discharge port 131 provided in the lid member 13.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a drilling method using a drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer, and to a drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, the down-the-hole hammer method involves drilling holes using a drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer that applies a striking force to a bit. Patent documents 1 to 3 disclose technologies relating to such drilling machines that can be manually transported, installed, and constructed even on slopes where it is difficult to transport heavy machinery, and that are suitable for drilling holes to install anchors for suspending avalanche prevention fences, rockfall protection fences, etc. from above the slope. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-032169 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-068229 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-236735 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] As described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, drilling machines equipped with down-the-hole hammers have high drilling capabilities, but there is a limit to the depth they can drill, and there is a demand for drilling machines with deeper drilling capabilities.

[0005] In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a drilling machine and a drilling method having a deeper drilling capability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] (Configuration 1) A drilling method using a drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer, in which a cover member is provided to cover the space between the upper part of a casing that is placed in the hole during drilling and the boring rod, and slime produced during drilling is discharged by a suction device from an outlet provided in the cover member.

[0007] (Configuration 2) A hole-drilling method as described in configuration 1, in which the upper surface of the cover member is inclined and the discharge outlet is provided on the side or upper surface at the upper side of the inclination, thereby moving slime along the inside of the upper surface of the cover member to the side where the discharge outlet is located.

[0008] (Configuration 3) A drilling method according to configuration 1 or 2, wherein the suction device comprises a compressor and an air gun, and the compressor is a compressor for driving the impact of the down-the-hole hammer.

[0009] (Configuration 4) A drilling machine comprising: a drill bit; a down-the-hole hammer that applies a striking force to the bit; a boring rod that transmits a rotational force to the bit; a casing that is placed in the hole when drilling; a cover member that is provided on top of the casing and covers the space between the top of the casing and the boring rod; and a suction device that discharges slime produced when drilling through an outlet provided in the cover member.

[0010] (Configuration 5) A drilling machine according to configuration 4, wherein the upper surface of the cover member is inclined, and the discharge outlet is provided on the side or upper surface on the upper side of the inclination.

[0011] (Configuration 6) 6. The drilling machine according to configuration 4 or 5, wherein a centering insertion portion for inserting and centering the boring rod is formed on the upper surface of the cover member.

[0012] (Configuration 7) 7. The drilling machine according to claim 6, wherein the cover member has a first cylindrical portion that fits onto the outside of the upper part of the casing and a second cylindrical portion that functions as the centering insertion portion.

[0013] (Configuration 8) 8. A drilling machine according to any one of configurations 4 to 7, wherein the suction device comprises a compressor and an air gun, and the compressor is a power source that drives the impact of the down-the-hole hammer.

[0014] (Configuration 9) A drilling machine described in any of configurations 4 to 8, wherein a holding member for maintaining the posture of the discharge pipe connected to the discharge outlet, the holding member resting on a guide rail of the drilling machine's frame, is formed on the cover member.

[0015] (Configuration 10) A drilling machine as described in configuration 9, having two guide rails and two holding members corresponding to each guide rail. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a drilling machine and a drilling method having a deeper drilling capability. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a drilling machine used in a drilling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of a drilling method and a drilling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cover member of a drilling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] Photograph showing the use of the drilling machine of this embodiment [Figure 5] An explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of a conventional drilling method and drilling machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the following embodiments are merely examples of how the present invention can be realized, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a drilling machine used in the drilling method of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (schematic diagram) outlining the drilling method and drilling machine of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the air hammer drilling machine 1 of this embodiment includes: a base 16 having guide rails 161 (see FIG. 4(b)); a bit drive unit (motor) 17 that rotates the bit 111 (FIG. 2); Winch 181 is used for lifting and lowering anchors, a drive unit lifting motor 182 that lifts and lowers the bit drive unit 17 that slides on the base 16; It is equipped with the following: As shown in FIG. 2, the air hammer drilling machine 1 includes: Drilling bit 111 and a down-the-hole hammer 112 that applies a striking force to the bit 111; a boring rod 113 that transmits a rotational force to the bit 111; a casing 12 that is installed in the hole H during drilling; An earth removal cap (lid member) 13 is provided on the upper part of the casing 12 and covers the space between the upper part of the casing 12 and the boring rod 113; A suction device 14 that discharges slime generated during drilling from a discharge port 131 provided in the soil discharge cap 13; A compressor 141 is a power source that drives the impact of the down-the-hole hammer 112; a hydraulic unit 15 for supplying pressure oil to the bit drive unit 17, which is a hydraulic motor, and the drive unit lifting motor 182; It is equipped with:

[0020] The bit drive unit 17 is configured to slide on the guide rail 161 of the stand 16, and the down-the-hole hammer 112 and bit 111 are attached to this bit drive unit 17 via a boring rod 113, causing the bit 111 to rotate and apply an impact by striking, thereby generating an excavation force. The configuration of the air hammer drilling machine 1 shown in Figure 1 is similar to that which has been used conventionally, and is basically the same as that disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc., so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here. Similarly, the bit 111, down-the-hole hammer 112, boring rod 113, compressor 141, and hydraulic unit 15 are themselves similar to those of the conventional drilling machine (any configuration used in a drilling machine can be adopted), so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

[0021] The casing 12 that is installed in the hole when drilling is a steel pipe that is driven into the hole H to protect the hole wall. As described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the air hammer drilling machine 1 is capable of driving steel pipes such as pipe anchors into the hole at the same time as drilling, and therefore the casing 12 is also installed at the same time as the hole is drilled. The casing 12 in this embodiment is pulled out when driving the anchor into the drilled hole H. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the casing 12 may be used as a pipe anchor as it is.

[0022] 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the soil discharge cap (lid member) 13, with FIG. 3A being a top view and FIG. 3B being a side view. As shown in Figure 2, the soil discharge cap 13 is provided on the top of the casing 12 and covers the space between the top of the casing 12 and the boring rod 113, thereby making the discharge of slime (soil discharge) S by the suction device 14 more efficient. The soil discharge cap 13 of this embodiment has a discharge port 131, a first cylindrical portion 133, a second cylindrical portion 132, and a holding member . The outlet 131 is an outlet for discharging the slime S, and is connected to the discharge pipe 143 of the suction device 14. The first cylindrical portion 133 is a cylindrical member that fits onto the outside of the upper portion of the casing 12, and has an inclined upper surface 1331. As can be seen from FIG. 3(b) and the like, the discharge port 131 is formed at a position on the upper side of the inclination of the upper surface 1331. With this configuration, the slime S that rises inside the hole H (casing 12) by suction is moved along the inside of the upper surface of the soil discharge cap (lid member) 13 to the side where the discharge port is located, and is discharged from the discharge port 131 (improving soil discharge efficiency). The second cylindrical portion 132 is provided on the upper surface of the earth removal cap 13, and is provided so that the boring rod 113 is rotatably inserted therethrough and the second cylindrical portion 132 and the first cylindrical portion 133 are concentric (so that their axes approximately coincide). As a result, the second cylindrical portion 132 functions as a centering insertion portion that allows the boring rod 113 to be inserted therethrough and centers it. The holding member 134 is a member for maintaining the position of the discharge pipe 143 connected to the discharge outlet 131 during drilling, and is configured to maintain the position of the earth removal cap 13 (the angle of the discharge outlet 131) (thereby maintaining the position of the discharge pipe 143) by riding (sliding) on ​​the guide rail 161 of the stand 16, as shown in FIG. 4. The holding member 134 in this embodiment has a rod member 1342 extending from the side of the discharge outlet 131 and a sliding member 1341 installed at the tip of the rod member 1342. In addition, a holding member 134 of a similar configuration is formed on the side of the discharge outlet 131 opposite the position where one holding member 134 is formed (i.e., "there are two guide rails and two holding members corresponding to each guide rail"). As can be seen from Figure 4, by placing the other holding member 134 on the other side of the two guide rails 161, the position of the discharge outlet 131 can be changed, thereby increasing the freedom of handling of the discharge pipe 143. In addition, in this invention, the term "covering the space between the top of the casing and the boring rod" does not mean that the cover member is limited to one that seals the space between the two, but also includes a concept that includes one that has a certain clearance between the two (as long as it can enable the efficient removal of slime by the suction device).

[0023] The suction device 14 of this embodiment includes a compressor 141 and an air gun 142. As mentioned above, the compressor 141 is also a compressor for supplying air to drive the impact of the down-the-hole hammer, and is therefore a shared compressor. As shown in Figure 2, an air gun (such as a wonder gun) 142 is provided on the line of a discharge pipe 143 connected to the discharge port 131 of the soil discharge cap 13, and the air gun 142 generates suction force based on compressed air generated by a compressor 141. Although not shown, it is advisable to provide a dust bag or the like at the tip (discharge side) of the discharge pipe 143 as appropriate to collect the discharged soil.

[0024] FIG. 5 shows an explanatory diagram (schematic diagram) illustrating the state of drilling by a conventional air hammer drilling machine 200. During drilling, the air hammer drilling machine 200 continuously discharges air supplied from the compressor from the periphery of the down-the-hole hammer, and as the air flows toward the top of the hole, slime S generated during drilling is discharged outside the hole. When the hole is shallow, slime S is discharged as shown in Figure 5(a), but as the hole becomes deeper, the slime S discharge function gradually deteriorates, as shown in Figures 5(b) and 5(c), and eventually the bit and down-the-hole hammer become buried in slime S. As a result, the increase in frictional resistance causes the bit to stop rotating (reach the limit of the drilling depth).

[0025] In contrast, according to this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, "a soil discharge cap (cover member) 13 is provided to cover the space between the upper part of the casing 12 installed in the hole during drilling and the boring rod 113, and the slime generated during drilling is discharged by a suction device 14 from a discharge outlet 131 provided in the soil discharge cap 13," thereby improving the slime S discharge function. This allows the drilling depth to be increased until the bit 111 and down-the-hole hammer 112 become buried in the slime S. As shown in Figure 4, a comparative test was conducted on this embodiment (a test in which the system of this embodiment (improved drilling capacity by making soil removal more efficient using a cover member and a suction device) was applied to an air hammer drilling machine with the same basic configuration as a conventional one) and a similar air hammer drilling machine without the system of this embodiment applied.It was confirmed that while the drilling capacity was about 5 m when this system was not applied, when this system was used, the drilling capacity was significantly improved to about 11 m. The suction of slime by the suction device may be started from the start of drilling, or may start after the hole has reached a certain depth.

[0026] As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a drilling machine and a drilling method that have a deeper drilling capability. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, a member (centralizer) for centering the boring rod is provided on top of the earth discharge cap (lid member), and as can be seen from Figure 2, this is not present in the discharge path of the slime S, making earth discharge smoother. A centralizer is also a necessary member in conventional air hammer drilling machines, and this was provided, for example, inside the casing. In other words, a member that narrows the discharge path of the slime S was provided on the discharge path, which was one factor in reducing discharge efficiency, but according to this embodiment, this problem can be solved. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, as described above, the upper surface of the soil discharge cap (lid member) is inclined, and the discharge outlet is provided at the upper side of the inclination, so that the slime can be moved along the inside of the upper surface of the soil discharge cap (lid member) to the side where the discharge outlet is located, thereby improving discharge efficiency. In addition, by providing a holding member for maintaining the position of the discharge pipe, it is possible to prevent a decrease in discharge efficiency due to, for example, the discharge pipe being bent (the internal space becoming narrower).

[0027] In this embodiment, an example is given in which the discharge outlet for discharging soil is formed by being pulled out from the side at a position on the upper side of the slope of the upper surface of the soil discharge cap (lid member), but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the discharge outlet may be formed on the upper surface at a position on the upper side of the slope of the upper surface of the soil discharge cap (lid member). Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inclined surface on the upper surface is formed as a single plane, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the inclined surface may be formed as a curved surface or may be composed of multiple planes, etc. In this embodiment, the top surface of the soil removal cap (lid member) is inclined, which is preferable because it has the effect of moving the slime along the inside of the top surface of the lid member toward the side where the discharge outlet is located, as described above.However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in cases where there is not a high need to incline the top surface, such as when using a suction device with high suction capacity, a lid member with a horizontal top surface may be used.

[0028] In this embodiment, an example is shown in which holding member 134 is provided for outlet 131, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the holding member may be attached to any location on the lid member. Also, in this embodiment, an example is shown in which two holding members are provided, but the present invention is not limited to this, and only one holding member or three or more holding members may be provided.

[0029] In this embodiment, the suction device is configured using a compressor and an air gun, but the present invention is not limited to this and any suction device capable of sucking slime from the outlet may be used.

[0030] In this embodiment, the casing 12 is provided (reaches) the bottom of the hole being drilled, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the casing may be provided only near the top of the hole (where a lid member can be installed). For example, in the case of a stratum where an unstable layer exists only near the surface, drilling of the unstable layer can be performed with a casing as in the embodiment, and once the unstable layer is exceeded, the bit can be temporarily removed and replaced with a bit that has a diameter that fits within the casing and does not expand, and drilling can be performed without a casing from that point on (as a result, the casing will be present only on the upper side of the hole). Furthermore, in this embodiment, an example is shown in which a casing is installed at the same time as drilling, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to drill a hole and then drive a casing in separately. For example, when a hole is drilled to a position shallower than the final drilling depth (drilling a hole without a casing), the bit or the like may be temporarily removed, and a casing (and a cover member and suction device) may be installed separately, and the hole may be drilled again to a deeper depth (simple drilling without driving a casing in while drilling).

[0031] In this embodiment, an example is described in which an air hammer drilling machine disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the concept of the present invention, which is understood from the above explanation as "improving drilling capacity by making soil removal more efficient using a cover member and a suction device," can be applied to any "drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer." [Explanation of symbols]

[0032] 1...Air hammer drilling machine (drilling machine) 111...bit 112...Down-the-hole hammer 113...boring rod 12...Casing 13...Soil discharge cap (lid component) 131...Outlet 132...Second cylindrical portion (centering insertion portion) 133...first cylindrical portion 134...Retaining member 14...Suction device 141...Compressor 142...Air gun 143...Exhaust pipe 16... Mounting stand 161...Guide rail

Claims

1. A drilling method using a drilling machine equipped with a down-the-hole hammer, comprising: A drilling method in which a cover member is provided to cover the space between the top of a casing that is placed in the hole during drilling and the boring rod, and slime produced during drilling is discharged by a suction device from an outlet provided in the cover member.

2. A hole-drilling method as described in claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the cover member is inclined and the discharge outlet is provided on the side or upper surface at the upper side of the inclination, thereby moving slime along the inside of the upper surface of the cover member to the side where the discharge outlet is located.

3. 3. The drilling method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the suction device comprises a compressor and an air gun, and the compressor is a compressor for driving the impact of the down-the-hole hammer.

4. A drilling bit, a down-the-hole hammer that applies a striking force to the bit; a boring rod that transmits a rotational force to the bit; a casing that is placed in the hole during drilling; a cover member provided on the upper part of the casing to cover a space between the upper part of the casing and the boring rod; A suction device that discharges slime generated during drilling from a discharge port provided in the lid member; A drilling machine comprising:

5. 5. The drilling machine according to claim 4, wherein the upper surface of the cover member is inclined, and the discharge outlet is provided on the side surface or the upper surface that is on the upper side of the inclination.

6. 5. The drilling machine according to claim 4, wherein a centering insertion portion for inserting and centering the boring rod is formed on an upper surface of the cover member.

7. 7. The drilling machine according to claim 6, wherein the cover member has a first cylindrical portion that fits onto the outside of the upper portion of the casing, and a second cylindrical portion that functions as the centering insertion portion.

8. 8. The drilling machine according to claim 4, wherein the suction device comprises a compressor and an air gun, and the compressor is a power source that drives the impact of the down-the-hole hammer.

9. A drilling machine as described in any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein a holding member for maintaining the posture of the discharge pipe connected to the discharge outlet, the holding member being mounted on a guide rail of the drilling machine's frame, is formed on the cover member.

10. 10. The drilling machine according to claim 9, wherein there are two guide rails and two holding members corresponding to the respective guide rails.

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