View performance evaluation method

Abstract

To provide a view performance evaluation method capable of evaluating the view performance from a window with higher accuracy. [Solution] A view performance evaluation method for evaluating the view performance from a building's windows, characterized by comprising: an image creation process S1 for creating an image of the view from the window based on a 3D city model, photographic data, point cloud data, etc.; a foreground building rate calculation process S2 for calculating the ratio of the area of ​​a foreground building within the view evaluation boundary to the area of ​​the window in the image as the foreground building rate; a sky view rate calculation process S3 for calculating the ratio of the area of ​​the sky portion to the area of ​​the window in the image as the sky view rate; and an evaluation process S5 for evaluating the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window based on the foreground building rate and the sky view rate.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a view performance evaluation method for evaluating the view performance from windows of a building. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, in buildings such as office buildings, the view from the windows is important for creating a comfortable and healthy environment.

[0003] In order to enable the design of buildings taking into consideration the view performance from windows, methods for evaluating the view performance from windows of buildings have been studied, as described in Patent Document 1, for example. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-113470 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the above-mentioned conventional methods were unable to evaluate the view performance from windows with sufficient accuracy, and there was room for improvement in this regard.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and its purpose is to provide a view performance evaluation method that can more accurately evaluate the view performance from windows. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The view performance evaluation method of the present invention is a view performance evaluation method for evaluating the view performance from the windows of a building, and is characterized by having an image creation process for creating an image of the view from the window based on a 3D city model or photographic data; a foreground building rate calculation process for calculating the ratio of the area of ​​a foreground building within the view evaluation boundary to the area of ​​the window in the image as a foreground building rate; a sky view rate calculation process for calculating the ratio of the area of ​​the sky portion to the area of ​​the window in the image as a sky view rate; and an evaluation process for evaluating the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window based on the foreground building rate and the sky view rate.

[0008] In the above configuration, the view performance evaluation method of the present invention further includes a green view ratio calculation step of calculating the ratio of the area of ​​the plant part to the area of ​​the window in the image as the green view ratio, and in the evaluation step, it is preferable to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window based on the foreground building ratio, the sky view ratio, and the green view ratio.

[0009] In the view performance evaluation method of the present invention, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the view evaluation boundary is set at a position 30 m away from the window in a direction perpendicular to the window. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, a view performance evaluation method can be provided that can more accurately evaluate the view performance from a window. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a view performance evaluation method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an image of a view from a window. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the position of the viewpoint of the view of the image shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the view evaluation boundary and a nearby building. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is an image diagram showing three elements of the image shown in FIG. [Figure 6]FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the foreground building ratio and the degree of satisfaction with the view. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sky visibility rate and the degree of satisfaction with the view, divided into cases where there are plants and cases where there are not. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, a view performance evaluation method according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0013] A view performance evaluation method according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating the view performance from the windows of a building. As shown in Figure 1, the view performance evaluation method according to this embodiment includes an image creation step S1, a foreground building ratio calculation step S2, a sky view ratio calculation step S3, a greenery view ratio calculation step S4, and an evaluation step S5.

[0014] The green view factor calculation step S4 is not an essential component of the view performance evaluation method according to this embodiment, and the evaluation step S5 may be performed without performing the green view factor calculation step S4.

[0015] In the image creation step S1, an image 1 of the view from the window is created based on a 3D city model, photographic data, point cloud data, etc. Figure 2 shows an example of the image of the view from the window created in the image creation step S1.

[0016] As shown in Figure 2, image 1 created in image creation step S1 is an image that includes a window 3 of building 2, the object of which is to be evaluated for view performance, and a view 5 through window 3 from the interior of building 2, i.e., from room 4. Windows 3 are, for example, multiple panes of transparent glass fitted inside rectangular window frames, lined up side by side. Note that the size, shape, etc. of windows 3 can be changed as appropriate. View 5 includes at least one of a foreground building 5a, a sky portion 5b, and a plant portion 5c.

[0017] The viewpoint 6 of the view 5 in the room 4 can be set as appropriate. As shown in Fig. 3, in this embodiment, the height h of the viewpoint 6 of the view 5 from the floor of the room 4 is set to 1.2 m, and the distance d from the window 3 toward the inside of the room is set to 4.0 m. Although not shown in detail, the viewpoint 6 is located midway between one end and the other end of the window 3 in the horizontal direction.

[0018] As described above, in the image creation step S1, image 1 is created based on a 3D city model, photographic data, point cloud data, or the like. The 3D city model may be, for example, "PLATEAU" from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, but other 3D city models may also be used. When creating image 1 based on point cloud data, measurement data obtained by surveying equipment such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or a 3D laser scanner may also be used. Whether creating image 1 based on a 3D city model and point cloud data or based on photographic data, the 3D city model or photographic data can be imported into a computer terminal (not shown), such as a personal computer, and the 3D city model, point cloud data, or photographic data can be processed on this computer terminal to create image 1.

[0019] When creating image 1 using a 3D city model, a view 5 through a window 3 from an interior 4 of a building 2 represented in a virtual space within the 3D city model can be acquired as image 1. In this case, the window 3, interior 4, and view 5 shown in image 1 are in the virtual space represented by the 3D city model. The building 2 represented in the 3D city model may be a representation within the 3D city model of a real building that has actually been constructed, or may be a representation within the 3D city model of a building that has not yet been built but is planned to be constructed in the future.

[0020] When creating image 1 using photographic data, a photograph of view 5 through window 3 can be taken from inside 4 of an actual building 2 that has actually been constructed using a digital camera or other digital photographing device, and the data from that photograph can be used as photographic data. Alternatively, a photograph of view 5 can be taken using a digital camera or other digital photographing device mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) at a site where construction is planned but not yet actually built, and the data from that photograph can be used as photographic data. Furthermore, when using point cloud data, measurement data from surveying equipment such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or a 3D laser scanner can also be used.

[0021] After image 1 is created in image creation step S1, next, in foreground building ratio calculation step S2, the ratio of the area of ​​foreground buildings 5a within the view evaluation boundary to the area of ​​windows 3 in image 1 is calculated as a foreground building ratio (NVF: Near View Factor), in sky view ratio calculation step S3, the ratio of the area of ​​sky portion 5b to the area of ​​windows 3 in image 1 is calculated as a sky view factor (SVF), and in green view ratio calculation step S4, the ratio of the area of ​​plant portion 5c to the area of ​​windows 3 in image 1 is calculated as a green view factor (GVF). Note that there is no particular limitation on the order in which foreground building ratio calculation step S2, sky view factor calculation step S3, and green view factor calculation step S4 are performed, and these may also be performed simultaneously in parallel.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 4, in foreground building ratio calculation step S2, view evaluation boundary B is set at a position a distance D away from window 3 in a direction perpendicular to window 3. More specifically, view evaluation boundary B is set on a virtual plane parallel to window 3 and distanced from window 3 by distance D with respect to building 2. In this embodiment, distance D is 30 m. Note that distance D from window 3 to view evaluation boundary B is not limited to the above-mentioned 30 m and can be changed as appropriate.

[0023] By setting view evaluation boundary B, view 5 shown in image 1 is divided into three elements: window 3, foreground building 5a located on view evaluation boundary B, and the scenery (scenery) beyond view evaluation boundary B, as shown in FIG. 5. Then, in foreground building ratio calculation step S2, the area of ​​window 3 and the area of ​​foreground building 5a in image 1 are calculated, and then the ratio of the area of ​​window 3 to the area of ​​foreground building 5a in image 1 is calculated as the foreground building ratio. That is, in foreground building ratio calculation step S2, the proportion of the area of ​​foreground building 5a to the area of ​​the transparent glass portion of window 3 in image 1 shown in FIG. 2 is calculated as the foreground building ratio. The foreground building ratio will be a low value if there are few buildings visible from window 3 within view evaluation boundary B, and will be a high value if there are many buildings visible from window 3 within view evaluation boundary B.

[0024] As described above, in the sky view ratio calculation step S3, the ratio of the area of ​​the sky portion 5b to the area of ​​the window 3 in image 1 is calculated as the sky view ratio. That is, in the sky view ratio calculation step S3, the proportion of the area of ​​the sky portion 5b to the area of ​​the transparent glass portion of the window 3 in image 1 shown in Fig. 2 is calculated as the sky view ratio. The sky portion 5b is the portion in image 1 where the sky is visible without being obstructed by buildings, plants, etc. The sky view ratio will be a low value when the sky portion 5b visible from the window 3 is small, and will be a high value when the sky portion 5b visible from the window 3 is large.

[0025] As described above, in the green view ratio calculation step S4, the ratio of the area of ​​the plant portion 5c to the area of ​​the window 3 in image 1 is calculated as the green view ratio. That is, in the green view ratio calculation step S4, the ratio of the area of ​​the plant portion 5c to the area of ​​the transparent glass portion of the window 3 in image 1 shown in Fig. 2 is calculated as the green view ratio. The plant portion 5c is the portion in image 1 where green plants such as trees, green walls, lawns, and grasslands are visible. The green view ratio will be a low value when there are few plant portions 5c visible through the window 3, and will be a high value when there are many plant portions 5c visible through the window 3.

[0026] When using a 3D city model, the distance from window 3 to the view evaluation boundary B, the near-view building ratio, the sky view ratio, and the green view ratio may be calculated by performing ray casting and collision detection using software such as a game engine installed on a computer terminal.

[0027] After the foreground building ratio calculation step S2, the sky view ratio calculation step S3, and the greenery view ratio calculation step S4 are completed, the evaluation step S5 is performed. In the evaluation step S5, the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window 3 is evaluated based on the foreground building ratio, the sky view ratio, and the greenery view ratio.

[0028] Here, the inventors conducted a view evaluation experiment in advance to clarify the relationship between the foreground building rate and the degree of satisfaction with the view, and the relationship between the sky view rate and the degree of satisfaction with the view.

[0029] In a view evaluation experiment to clarify the relationship between the foreground building ratio and view satisfaction, evaluators sat in chairs in several rooms R1 to R4 of a real building and rated the satisfaction of the view outside the window from the same viewpoint as the above, using a score out of 100. Additionally, to set different evaluation conditions for sky view ratio and view distance using a 3D city model, multiple images with different foreground building ratios were prepared and presented randomly on a VR head-mounted display. Participants were then asked to rate the satisfaction of the view through the window for each of these images using a score out of 100. The results of this experiment are shown in Figure 6.

[0030] As shown in Figure 6, the relationship between the foreground building ratio and view satisfaction is found to be a linear regression. In other words, the experimental results shown in Figure 6 show that in the relationship between the foreground building ratio and view satisfaction, view satisfaction is expressed as a linear function of the foreground building ratio, where the smaller the foreground building ratio is, the higher the view satisfaction is, and the higher the foreground building ratio is, the lower the view satisfaction is.

[0031] Similarly to the above, a view evaluation experiment to clarify the relationship between sky view rate and view satisfaction was conducted in which evaluators sat in chairs in several rooms R1 to R4 of a real building and rated the satisfaction of the view looking out the window from the room at the same viewpoint as the above, using a score out of 100. In the view evaluation experiment to clarify the relationship between greenery view rate and view satisfaction, two types of images were prepared: one with vegetation such as roadside trees, and one without vegetation such as roadside trees. These images were presented randomly on a VR head-mounted display, and participants were asked to rate the satisfaction of the view through the window for each using a score out of 100. The results of this experiment are shown in Figure 7.

[0032] The experimental results shown in Figure 7 show that the relationship between sky view rate and satisfaction with views can be expressed as a quadratic function of the sky view rate, where satisfaction with views decreases as the sky view rate decreases and increases as the sky view rate increases. It was also found that even if the sky view rate is the same, satisfaction with views increases when the plant parts are visible. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of increasing satisfaction with views by being able to see the plant parts tends to be greater the smaller the sky view rate.

[0033] In evaluation step S5, when evaluating the degree of satisfaction with the view from window 3 based on the foreground building rate and the sky-view rate, the degree of satisfaction with the view from window 3 may be evaluated based on the results obtained from the above-mentioned experiment. For example, the foreground building rate calculated in foreground building rate calculation step S2 may be applied to the experimental results shown in Fig. 6 to determine a score for the degree of satisfaction with the foreground building rate, and the sky-view rate calculated in sky-view rate calculation step S3 may be applied to the experimental results shown in Fig. 7 to determine a score for the degree of satisfaction with the sky-view rate, and these scores may be used to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the view from window 3 as a quantitative score. The evaluation may be performed automatically by a computer terminal that has captured image 1.

[0034] In addition, when performing the green view ratio calculation step S4 as in this embodiment to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window 3 based on the foreground building ratio, the sky view ratio, and the green view ratio, the evaluation can be performed taking into account the experimental results of the green view ratio as appropriate, for example, if the green view ratio calculated in the green view ratio calculation step S4 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the score for the degree of satisfaction with the sky view ratio can be determined based on the experimental results for the case where the plant parts are included, and if the green view ratio calculated in the green view ratio calculation step S4 is less than the predetermined value, the score for the degree of satisfaction with the sky view ratio can be determined based on the experimental results for the case where the plant parts are excluded. This evaluation can also be performed automatically by a computer terminal that has captured the image 1.

[0035] Thus, according to the view performance evaluation method of this embodiment, the view performance from the window 3 of the building 2 is evaluated based on the foreground building ratio and the sky view ratio, so that the view performance from the window 3 can be evaluated more accurately than with conventional methods.

[0036] Furthermore, in the view performance evaluation method according to this embodiment, the view satisfaction from window 3 is evaluated by taking into consideration the greenery view rate in addition to the near-view building rate and sky view rate, so that the view performance from window 3 can be evaluated with even greater accuracy.

[0037] Furthermore, in the view performance evaluation method according to this embodiment, the view evaluation boundary B for setting the foreground building ratio is set at a position 30 m away from the window 3 in a direction perpendicular to the window 3, so that the foreground building ratio calculated in the foreground building ratio calculation step S2 is calculated to a value that appropriately affects the view satisfaction level, enabling even more accurate evaluation of the view performance from the window 3.

[0038] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0039] 1 image 2. Building 3. Windows 4 Indoor 5 View 5a Foreground building 5b Sky part 5c plant parts 6. Perspective h height d distance B View evaluation boundary D distance

Claims

1. A view performance evaluation method for evaluating the view performance from windows of a building, comprising: an image creation step of creating an image of the view from the window based on a 3D city model, photographic data, point cloud data, or the like; a foreground building ratio calculation step of calculating a ratio of the area of ​​a foreground building within the view evaluation boundary to the area of ​​the window in the image as a foreground building ratio; a sky-viewing ratio calculation step of calculating a ratio of an area of ​​the sky portion to an area of ​​the window in the image as a sky-viewing ratio; and an evaluation step of evaluating the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window based on the near-view building rate and the sky visibility rate.

2. a green view ratio calculation step of calculating a ratio of an area of ​​a plant portion to an area of ​​the window in the image as a green view ratio; The view performance evaluation method according to claim 1 , wherein the evaluation step evaluates the degree of satisfaction with the view from the window based on the near-view building ratio, the sky view ratio, and the greenery view ratio.

3. 3. The view performance evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the view evaluation boundary is set at a position 30 m away from the window in a direction perpendicular to the window.

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