Building wall structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a wall structure that can improve fire resistance performance whether heating is performed indoors or outdoors. [Solution] The wall structure comprises a base batten (5) extending in the vertical direction and a facing material (21) attached to the base batten by a fixing member (3), wherein the base batten (5) includes a wooden member (52) having a surface (521) that contacts the facing material and a steel member (51) provided on the back side of the wooden member. The fixing member (3) has a shaft portion (31) that passes through the wooden member and the steel member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wall structure of a building, and particularly to a wall structure including a base rail extending in the vertical direction and a facing material attached to the base rail by a fixing member.

Background Art

[0002] As interior base rails for walls of buildings such as houses, grooved or square steel base rails (hereinafter referred to as "steel studs") and wooden base rails (hereinafter referred to as "wooden studs") are often adopted. In order to improve the fire resistance of building walls, techniques such as fixing the corners of interior facing materials to dedicated metal fittings have been proposed as in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2023-149548 (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003] <s

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] According to the technique of Patent Document 1, although it is possible to prevent the falling of gypsum boards during an indoor fire, the fire resistance performance during heating from the outdoor side is not considered.

[0005] The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its object is to provide a wall structure capable of improving fire resistance performance both during indoor heating and outdoor heating.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A wall structure according to one aspect of this invention comprises a vertically extending base battens and a facing material attached to the base battens by a fixing member, wherein the base battens include a wooden member having a surface in contact with the facing material and a steel member provided on the back side of the wooden member. The fixing member has a shaft portion that passes through the wooden member and the steel member.

[0007] Preferably, the steel member has a surface portion facing the facing material and a pair of side portions. In this case, the wooden member may have a first portion that contacts the surface portion and a second portion that is connected and fixed to the pair of side portions.

[0008] Furthermore, the base battens may further include a wooden member positioned on the back side of the surface.

[0009] In a configuration in which the wooden member has a first portion that contacts the surface and a second portion that contacts a pair of side portions, it is desirable that the second portion, the side portions of the steel member, and the back wooden member are connected and fixed by a common fastening member.

[0010] Typically, the wall structure is an exterior wall structure. In this case, the above-mentioned facing material is an interior facing material, and the wall structure further comprises exterior wall facing material positioned behind the battens, away from the battens. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, fire resistance can be improved whether heating is performed indoors or outdoors. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the exterior wall. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram of the fire resistance performance of a typical exterior wall using steel studs. [Figure 3] This is an explanatory diagram of the fire resistance performance of a typical exterior wall using wooden studs. [Figure 4]It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a base rail in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] It is an explanatory view of the fire resistance performance of the base rail in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a base rail in Modification 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a base rail in Modification 2 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a base rail in Modification 3 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a base rail according to another embodiment. [Figure 10] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of a partition wall or a dividing wall.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and their description will not be repeated.

[0014] <Regarding the basic structure> FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of an outer wall 1 according to the present embodiment. The arrow A1 in FIG. 1 indicates the outdoor direction (outdoor side), and the arrow A2 indicates the lateral direction of the outer wall 1. The same applies to the following figures.

[0015] The outer wall 1 includes a plurality of columns 11, a base rail disposed between the columns 11, an interior surface material 21 such as a gypsum board disposed on the indoor side of the base rail, and an outer wall panel 22 disposed on the outdoor side of the column 11. The outer wall 1 shown in FIG. 1(A) employs a steel stud 12 as the base rail, and the outer wall 1 shown in FIG. 1(B) employs a wooden stud 13 as the base rail. The outer wall panel 22 has an outer wall surface material 25 disposed away from the base rail.

[0016] As shown in FIG. 2 described later, the steel stud 12 has, for example, a groove shape (substantially C-shaped cross section), and includes a surface portion 121 which is an attachment surface of the interior finish material 21, a pair of side surface portions 122, and a pair of lip portions 123 facing the surface portion 121. The steel stud 12 has an opening 120 between the pair of lip portions 123. The wooden stud 13 is composed of a solid square column.

[0017] The interior finish material 21 is attached to the steel stud 12 or the wooden stud 13 by a fixing member 3 such as a tapping screw. Specifically, in the wall structure of FIG. 1(A), the interior finish material 21 is attached to the steel stud 12 by screwing the shaft portion 31 (FIG. 2) of the fixing member 3 to the surface portion 121. In the wall structure of FIG. 1(B), the interior finish material 21 is attached to the wooden stud 13 by screwing the shaft portion 31 (FIG. 3) of the fixing member 3 to the wooden stud 13.

[0018] <Fire resistance performance of a general outer wall adopting a steel stud> Referring to FIG. 2, the fire resistance performance of a general outer wall 1 adopting the steel stud 12 will be described. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the interior finish material 21 is attached to the grooved steel stud 12.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 2(A), during indoor heating (heating from the indoor side), heat may penetrate from the joint 210 of the interior finish material 21. However, since the steel stud 12 is a non-combustible material and does not burn, the holding force of the fixing member 3 is ensured (the shaft portion 31 remains screwed to the surface portion 121). Therefore, there is an advantage that the detachment of the interior finish material 21 can be delayed.

[0020] On the other hand, the steel studs 12 have the property of expanding when heated at high temperatures, resulting in increased elongation. Therefore, as shown in Figure 2(B), when heated outdoors (heated from the outside), the steel studs 12 expand due to thermal expansion, which can cause the joints 210 of the interior surface material 21 to open, potentially leading to fire leakage on the unheated side (indoor side). In particular, in the case of steel studs 12 with an open cross-section as shown in Figure 2, there is a concern that the joints 210 may open earlier than with steel studs with a closed cross-section (square), due to heat penetrating into the interior through the opening 120.

[0021] Thus, while steel studs 12 are advantageous against indoor heating, they tend to be disadvantageous against outdoor heating, especially in the case of open sections.

[0022] <Fire resistance performance of typical exterior walls using wooden studs> Referring to Figure 3, the fire resistance performance of a typical exterior wall 1 using wooden studs 13 will be explained.

[0023] As shown in Figure 3(A), when heated indoors, a carbonized layer R1 is generated on the indoor side of the wooden stud 13 due to high temperature, which shortens the engagement length of the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3. As a result, the holding power of the fixing member 3 is eventually lost, causing the screw to come loose and the interior surface material 21 to fall off. In this case, heat may penetrate the air layer inside the exterior wall 1, potentially causing buckling of the column 11 or affecting the exterior wall panel 22.

[0024] On the other hand, the wooden studs 13 have a lower thermal conductivity than the steel studs 12 (approximately 1 / 1000th the thermal conductivity of steel), and they also undergo less thermal expansion than the steel studs 12. Therefore, as shown in Figure 3(B), when heated outdoors, a carbonized layer R1 is formed on the outdoor side of the wooden studs 13, but an uncarbonized layer R2 is formed on the indoor side. This suppresses the temperature of the back surface of the interior surface material 21 in contact with the wooden studs 13 from becoming too high, and thus keeps the temperature of the joints 210 low.

[0025] Thus, wooden studs 13 tend to be advantageous against outdoor heating but disadvantageous against indoor heating.

[0026] Based on the above, it is considered that by reinforcing the steel studs 12, which are unfavorable for outdoor heating, with wood, and the wooden studs 13, which are unfavorable for indoor heating, with steel, the advantages of wood and steel can be utilized, and their weaknesses can be compensated for. In this embodiment, an example of a base batten configuration in which the member in contact with the interior surface material 21 is a wooden member and a steel member is placed on the back side thereof will be described in detail.

[0027] <Example of base batten configuration> Referring to Figure 4, an example of the configuration of the base batten 5 in this embodiment will be described. The base batten 5 is a combination of a square steel stud 51 and a wooden reinforcing member 52.

[0028] The steel stud 51 includes a surface portion 511 facing the interior panel 21, a pair of side portions 512, and a back portion 514 facing the surface portion 511, with an enclosed internal space. The steel stud 51 is used in sizes such as 40-70 mm in width and 40-70 mm in depth. If the steel stud 51 is rectangular, it is not limited to the example shown where the long side is arranged along the depth direction, but the long side may also be arranged along the left-right direction. The wooden reinforcing member 52 is a solid rectangular prism and is located between the surface portion 511 and the interior panel 21. The wooden reinforcing member 52 typically extends from the bottom end to the top end of the steel stud 51.

[0029] The wooden reinforcing member 52 has a surface 521 that contacts (surface contacts) the interior surface material 21. The back surface 522 of the wooden reinforcing member 52 is in contact (surface contact) with the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51. The width dimension of the wooden reinforcing member 52 is approximately the same as the width dimension of the steel stud 51, and the wooden reinforcing member 52 is in contact with the entire width of the surface portion 511. The depth dimension of the wooden reinforcing member 52 is determined, for example, in the range of 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the depth dimension of the steel stud 51. Specifically, the depth dimension of the wooden reinforcing member 52 is determined, for example, in the range of 20 mm to 35 mm.

[0030] It is desirable that the steel stud 51 and the wooden reinforcing member 52 are pre-integrated by fastening members 6. In this embodiment, the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51 and the wooden reinforcing member 52 are connected and fixed by fastening members 6 (shown as dashed lines in Figure 4) which are provided vertically at regular intervals. The fastening members 6 are typically tapping screws and extend in the depth direction, penetrating the wooden reinforcing member 52 and the surface portion 511.

[0031] In this way, by integrating the steel stud 51 and the wooden reinforcing member 52, the base batten 5 can be installed using the same procedure as for general steel studs 12 or wooden studs 13. Both the upper and lower ends of the base batten 5 are fitted and fixed together with the wooden reinforcing member 52 to runners or the like (not shown).

[0032] In this embodiment, the fixing member 3 is installed from the indoor side such that the shaft portion 31 passes sequentially through the interior surface material 21, the wooden reinforcing member 52, and the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51. In other words, the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3 is screwed into the wooden reinforcing member 52 and the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51. As a result, the interior surface material 21 is firmly fixed to the steel stud 51 with the wooden reinforcing member 52 in between. The tip of the shaft portion 31 is located in the internal space of the steel stud 51.

[0033] When heated outdoors, as shown in Figure 5(A), the steel studs 51 become hot and expand due to thermal expansion. However, because wooden reinforcing members 52, which have low thermal conductivity and do not easily conduct heat, are interposed between the steel studs 51 and the interior surface material 21, a low-temperature region R3 is formed in the portion in contact with the interior surface material 21. This suppresses the intrusion of heat into the joints 210 of the interior surface material 21. Furthermore, it reduces the opening of the joints 210.

[0034] During indoor heating, as shown in Figure 5(B), even if the wooden reinforcing member 52 in contact with the interior surface material 21 burns and a carbonized layer R1 is generated on the indoor side, the tip of the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3 is engaged with the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51, so the holding force of the fixing member 3 can be maintained for a long time. This delays the detachment of the interior surface material 21.

[0035] Thus, with the base plate 5, the advantages of the steel stud 51 when heated indoors can be maintained, while the lack of fire resistance of the steel stud 51 when heated outdoors can be compensated for by the wooden reinforcing member 52.

[0036] <Example 1> The base batten 5 shown in Figure 5 is configured to include a square steel stud 51, but instead of the square steel stud 51, a grooved steel stud 51A may be used as shown in Figure 6. In other words, a base batten 5A combining a grooved steel stud 51A and a wooden reinforcing member 52 may be adopted. The steel stud 51A has a surface portion 511 that contacts the wooden reinforcing member 52, a pair of side portions 512, and a pair of lip portions 513 facing the surface portion 511, and its internal space is open to the outside. In this case, although heat penetrates the internal space of the steel stud 51A when heated outdoors, the effect of thermal expansion of the steel stud 51A (surface portion 511) on the joints 210 of the interior surface material 21 can be absorbed by the wooden reinforcing member 52.

[0037] <Modification 2> The base batten 5 shown in Figure 4 is configured with a rectangular prism-shaped wooden reinforcing member 52, which is approximately the same width as the steel stud 51, placed between the steel stud 51 and the interior surface material 21. However, as shown in Figure 7, a roughly U-shaped wooden reinforcing member 53 that opens to the outside may also be placed. In other words, a base batten 5B can be adopted, which combines a rectangular steel stud 51 with a wooden reinforcing member 53 that fits onto the indoor end of the steel stud 51.

[0038] The wooden reinforcing member 53 of the base batten 5B integrally comprises a first portion 531 that contacts the surface portion 511 and a second portion 532 that contacts a pair of side portions 512. In this case, it is desirable that the second portion 532 and the side portions 512 are connected and fixed by fastening members 6 on both the left and right sides. As a result, in the installed state, the steel stud 51 and the wooden reinforcing member 53 are restrained from three directions by the fixing member 3 extending in the depth direction and the pair of fastening members 6 extending in the left and right directions, thereby increasing the unity between the two.

[0039] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, the base batten 5B may further include a wooden reinforcing member (hereinafter referred to as the "backside wooden member") 54 positioned on the back side of the surface portion 511 of the steel stud 51. In this case, it is desirable that the second portion 532 of the wooden reinforcing member 53, the side portion 512 of the steel stud 51, and the backside wooden member 54 are connected and fixed by a common fastening member 6. The backside wooden member 54 is typically rectangular in shape and is preferably positioned in contact with the surface portion 511 within the internal space of the steel stud 51. This allows the outdoor surface (backside) of the surface portion 511 to be protected by the backside wooden member 54, which has low thermal conductivity.

[0040] In the case of a configuration that includes a wooden member 54 on the back side, as in the modified example of the base batten 5B, not only is fire resistance improved, but the second moment of area is also increased, thereby improving load-bearing capacity. For this reason, it is possible to make the cross-sectional area of ​​the base batten 5B smaller than that of the steel stud 12 alone.

[0041] There may be a (slight) gap between the back wooden member 54 and the front part 511, or between the back wooden member 54 and the side part 512.

[0042] <Variation 3> In the modified example 2 described above, the base batten 5B includes a square steel stud 51. However, instead of the square steel stud 51, a grooved steel stud 51A may be used as shown in Figure 8. Specifically, a base batten 5C may be adopted, which combines the grooved steel stud 51A, a roughly U-shaped wooden reinforcing member 53, and a back-side wooden member 54. In this case, although heat penetrates the internal space of the steel stud 51A during outdoor heating, a carbonized layer R1 is formed on the outdoor side of the back-side wooden member 54, creating an uncarbonized layer R2 on the indoor side, and the part in contact with the surface 511 becomes a low-temperature region R3. As a result, thermal expansion of the surface 511 is suppressed, further improving the fire resistance performance during outdoor heating. The depth dimension of the back-side wooden member 54 is set, for example, in the range of 20 mm to 35 mm.

[0043] Alternatively, the surface portion 511 of the grooved steel stud 51A (or the square steel stud 51) may be sandwiched between a flat (square prism-shaped) wooden reinforcing member 52 and a back-side wooden member 54, as shown in Figure 6.

[0044] <Other> In the above embodiment, the wooden members (wooden reinforcing members 52, 53) of the base rail are configured to be in contact with the interior surface material 21. However, in a configuration in which the base rail includes a back-side wooden member 54, the surface portion 511 of the steel member (steel stud 51, 51A) may be in contact with the interior surface material 21. In other words, a wooden member does not need to be interposed between the surface portion 511 of the steel member and the interior surface material 21. In this case, for example, as shown in Figure 9, the base rail 4 may be composed of a wooden stud 43 and a flat steel plate (steel reinforcing member) 44. In this case, the steel plate 44 is connected and fixed to the wooden stud 43 by a fastening member 6 that extends in the depth direction.

[0045] The length L2 of the fastening member 6 (the length inserted into the wooden stud 43) is preferably 1 / 3 or more of the depth L1 of the wooden stud 43, and more preferably 1 / 2 or more. This ensures that even if heat penetrates to the indoor end of the wooden stud 43 through the steel plate 44 during indoor heating, the tip of the fastening member 6 is located in the uncarbonized area R2 on the outdoor side, preventing the steel plate 44 from falling off and maintaining the holding force of the fixing member 3. As a result, the detachment of the interior surface material 21 can be delayed. The depth L1 of the wooden stud 43 is approximately the same as the overall depth of the base batten 4. In such cases, the shaft of the fixing member may be passed through a through hole drilled in the surface of the steel member.

[0046] In the above embodiment, the exterior wall 1 was used as an example, but the above-described base battens can also be applied to walls equipped with interior facing materials 21 on both sides, such as the partition wall (or junction wall) 10 shown in Figure 10. Specifically, the steel studs 12 that are arranged back-to-back (or in a staggered pattern) as shown in Figure 10 can be replaced with the above-described base battens 5 (5A, 5B, 5C), etc. In this case, the front of each interior facing material 21 can be read as the interior side, and the back of the interior facing material 21 can be read as the exterior side.

[0047] Furthermore, although the above embodiment was described using a batten extending in the vertical direction as an example, the same method can be applied to a batten extending in the horizontal direction of the wall.

[0048] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended to be included. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0049] 1: Exterior wall, 3: Fixing member, 5, 5A, 5B, 5C: Substrate battens, 6: Fastening member, 10: Partition wall, 11: Column, 12: Steel stud, 13: Wooden stud, 21: Interior facing material, 22: Exterior wall panel, 31: Shaft section, 51, 51A: Steel stud, 52, 53: Wooden reinforcing member, 54: Backside wooden member, 531: First part, 532: Second part.

Claims

1. A wall structure comprising a base batten extending in the vertical direction and a facing material attached to the base batten by a fixing member, The aforementioned base batten includes a wooden member having a surface that contacts the surface material, and a steel member provided on the back side of the wooden member. The fixing member is a wall structure having a shaft portion that passes through the wooden member and the steel member.

2. The steel member has a surface portion facing the surface material side and a pair of side portions. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member has a first portion that contacts the surface portion and a second portion that is connected to and fixed to the pair of side portions.

3. The steel member has a surface portion facing the surface material side and a pair of side portions. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the base batten further includes a back wooden member positioned on the back side of the surface portion.

4. The wooden member has a first portion that contacts the surface portion and a second portion that contacts the pair of side portions. The wall structure according to claim 3, wherein the second portion, the side portion of the steel member, and the back wooden member are connected and fixed by a common fastening member.

5. The aforementioned surface material is an interior surface material, The wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an exterior wall surface material positioned away from the base batten on the back side of the base batten.

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