Exterior wall structure of wooden houses, exterior wall panels of wooden houses, and wooden houses

Abstract

To provide a wooden house exterior wall structure, wooden house exterior wall panels, and wooden houses that ensure fire resistance while allowing for a wide range of exterior wall structure options under a single Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism certification. [Solution] The exterior wall structure 1 of the wooden house of the present invention comprises at least an exterior protective material 50 made of inorganic non-combustible board, a wood-based load-bearing wall material 60 attached to the indoor side of the exterior protective material 50, and a structural frame material 70 attached to the indoor side of the load-bearing wall material 60, wherein the exterior protective material 50 is a fire-resistant coating certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The exterior wall panel 1a of the wooden house of the present invention comprises the exterior wall structure 1. The wooden house A of the present invention comprises the exterior wall structure 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an exterior wall structure of a wooden house, an exterior wall panel of a wooden house, and a wooden house, and particularly to an exterior wall structure of a wooden house, an exterior wall panel of a wooden house, and a wooden house that can select a wide range of exterior wall structures in one certification by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism while ensuring fire and heat resistance performance.

Background Art

[0002] Fire prevention structure is one of the fire resistance performance standards stipulated by the Building Standards Law, and is a design specification for preventing a fire occurring around a building from spreading inside the building. In order to meet the standards of the fire prevention structure, it is necessary for the exterior wall to maintain fire prevention and fire resistance for 30 minutes or more during a fire. In addition, the Building Standards Law stipulates fire prevention, quasi-fire resistance, and fire resistance structures, and the corresponding performance is required depending on the classification of fire prevention areas and quasi-fire prevention areas in the City Planning Law, the number of floors and scale of the building, etc. In order for the exterior wall of a building to satisfy fire and heat resistance performance, it is necessary to design according to the specifications stipulated by the Building Standards Law or the specifications individually certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. In a wooden house, in order to ensure the fire and heat resistance performance of the exterior wall, a structure in which a fire protection coating is arranged on the outermost layer of the exterior wall is adopted (Patent Document 1). Specifically, for example, from the indoor side to the outdoor side, an interior protection material, columns and intermediate columns, structural facing material, externally attached heat insulating material, waterproof sheet, vertical edge member, and exterior finishing material are arranged in this order, a filled heat insulating material is filled between the columns and intermediate columns, an externally attached heat insulating material is attached to the outside of the structural facing material, and an exterior finishing material as a fire protection coating is attached outside the externally attached heat insulating material with a waterproof sheet and a vertical edge member sandwiched therebetween (Fig. 2).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

[0005] Conventional exterior wall structures use the outermost layer of exterior finishing material as a fireproof coating. Therefore, the degree of internal combustion varies depending on the composition of the insulation and underlayment materials located inside the exterior finishing material. For this reason, all materials, thicknesses, and quantities must be individually certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Obtaining certification from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism requires certification testing by a public testing institution, which incurs high costs of approximately 7.5 million yen for fire-resistant structures and approximately 15 million yen for semi-fire-resistant structures. Furthermore, the application process is extremely complex, requiring advanced application expertise to obtain certification. For this reason, it is difficult for small and medium-sized construction companies, especially those lacking sufficient capital and technical capabilities, to obtain individual certifications on their own. As a result, they are forced to use expensive certified building materials from exterior wall material manufacturers in order to adopt designs that do not fall outside the specifications of the Building Standards Act, thus hindering both design freedom and low-cost construction. Furthermore, the Act on Promotion of Quality Assurance in Housing stipulates insulation performance grades, which are indicators of the insulation performance of houses. In recent years, insulation grades have been raised to higher standards, and in October 2022, new insulation performance grades 6 and 7, which are more advanced than before, were established (Non-Patent Literature 1). Insulation performance grades 6 and 7 require not only cavity insulation inside the walls but also exterior insulation. However, exterior insulation is not stipulated in the specifications of the Building Standards Act, so it is not possible to achieve insulation performance grades 6 and 7 through the specifications. Therefore, various combinations of insulation material type, thickness, exterior wall structure, etc., must be individually certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Furthermore, when insulation is applied to the exterior, the exterior finishing material is fixed to the pillars with nails that penetrate the exterior insulation, resulting in an unstable structure where the heavy exterior finishing material is cantilevered by long nails. The thicker the exterior insulation, the greater the distance between the pillars and the exterior finishing material, making it unstable. Therefore, the thickness of the exterior insulation cannot be increased, and the insulation performance is limited.

[0006] The present invention aims to provide an exterior wall structure for wooden houses, an exterior wall panel for wooden houses, and a wooden house that solve the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The exterior wall structure of the wooden house of the present invention comprises at least an exterior protective material made of inorganic non-combustible board, a wood-based load-bearing wall material attached to the interior side of the exterior protective material, and a structural frame material attached to the interior side of the load-bearing wall material, wherein the exterior protective material is a fire-resistant coating certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

[0008] In the wooden house exterior wall structure of the present invention, exterior insulation material may be attached to the exterior side of the exterior protective material.

[0009] The exterior wall structure of the wooden house of the present invention may consist of structural frame members made of wooden columns or frames with cross-sectional dimensions of 38 mm x 89 mm or larger.

[0010] The exterior wall panel for wooden houses of the present invention is characterized by having an exterior wall structure.

[0011] The wooden house of the present invention is characterized by having an exterior wall structure.

[0012] The wooden house of the present invention may have a thermal insulation performance rating of level 5 or higher under the Act on Promotion of Quality Assurance in Housing. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The wooden house exterior wall structure, wooden house exterior wall panel, and wooden house of the present invention have the above configurations and therefore have at least one of the following effects. <1> By obtaining certification from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism for a structure in which fire-resistant exterior protective material is directly attached to the load-bearing wall material, the design freedom for the area outside the exterior protective material increases. This makes it possible to select a wider range of fire-resistant structures (insulation materials, finishing materials, etc.) that were previously limited to a very narrow range within the restrictions of the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism certification. For example, since fire-resistant performance of the finishing material is not required, it becomes possible to use resin-based exterior wall materials that are easy to install and inexpensive. <2> By utilizing exterior wall structures certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism on a panel-by-panel basis, even small and medium-sized construction companies lacking sufficient capital and application expertise can build high-quality, fire-resistant wooden houses at a low cost, offering a high degree of design flexibility. <3> By combining the traditional post-and-beam construction method, which is specialized for on-site construction, with a panel structure that is easily industrialized, even small and medium-sized construction companies with insufficient technical expertise can build high-quality, fire-resistant wooden houses in a short amount of time. This means that, for example, in the event of a disaster, it will be possible to build a large number of temporary housing units in a short time with the cooperation of small and medium-sized construction companies in areas not affected by the disaster, enabling broader support for disaster-stricken areas. <4> By directly attaching the exterior protective material to the load-bearing wall material, the cantilevered structure of the exterior finishing material using nails is eliminated, removing the limitations on the thickness of the exterior insulation material. Therefore, the thickness of the insulation material can be increased to improve the insulation performance. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] Explanatory diagram of the exterior wall structure of the wooden house according to the present invention. [Figure 2] Diagram illustrating the conventional technology [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, the "fire and heat resistance performance" means a performance that satisfies at least one of the conditions of "fire-resistant structure (No. 7)", "semi-fire-resistant structure (No. 7-2)", and "fireproof structure (No. 8)" in Article 2 of the Building Standards Act. Also, the "certification by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism" means the certification of the structural method, etc. stipulated in Article 68-25, Paragraph 1 of the Building Standards Act. Furthermore, the "heat insulation performance grade, etc." means each grade in the "thermal environment" of the housing performance display system of the Act on Promotion of Assurance of Housing Quality, etc. [Exterior Wall Structure of Wooden House]

Example

[0016] <1>Overall Structure The exterior wall structure 1 of the wooden house of the present invention (hereinafter "exterior wall structure 1") is a structure of the exterior wall of a wooden house having fire and heat resistance performance. The wooden house may be a frame structure or a column-and-beam structure. The exterior wall structure 1 includes at least an exterior protective material 50, a shear wall material 60, and a structural frame material 70, from the outdoor side to the indoor side. In this example, it further includes an exterior finishing material 10, an exterior heat insulation material 20, a plurality of vertical battens 30, a waterproof sheet 40, and an interior protective material 80 (Fig. 1). Each member is arranged in ascending order of the reference numerals from the outdoor side to the indoor side, and is joined to each other by nails, screws, adhesives, etc., and a filler is filled in the joints of the members for assembly. Since these construction methods are well-known, they will not be described in detail here.

[0017] <1.1>Features of the Exterior Wall Structure The exterior wall structure 1 has a feature in that, by directly attaching the exterior protective material 50 as a fire coating to the shear wall material 60 and receiving certification by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the types, structures, thicknesses, etc. of materials such as the exterior heat insulation material 20 attached to the outdoor side of the exterior protective material 50 can be freely set. In other words, unlike conventional technology in which the outermost layer is a fireproof covering and organic materials such as insulation are placed inside it, this structure places the exterior finishing material 10 and exterior insulation material 20 on the outside of the exterior protective material 50 which acts as a fireproof covering. Therefore, by setting the amount of organic material outside the exterior protective material 50 to the maximum possible amount and undergoing certification testing, it becomes possible to select a wide range of exterior finishes and insulation materials without being restricted by the type or thickness of the material.

[0018] <2> Exterior finishing materials The exterior finishing material 10 is a wall material that constitutes the outermost layer of the exterior wall structure 1. In this example, a resin-based exterior material is used as the exterior finishing material 10. Alternatively, the exterior finishing material 10 may be steel plate, aluminum plate, wood, plywood, wood fiberboard, resin wood board, tile, fiberglass fiber-reinforced mortar layer, etc. The exterior finishing material 10 is fixed to the vertical furring strips 30 by nails or screws that penetrate the exterior insulation material 20, or it is adhered to or painted onto the exterior insulation material 20. However, the exterior finishing material 10 is not limited to the above; as previously described, any material or structure may be selected, or the structure may not include the exterior finishing material 10 at all.

[0019] <3> Exterior insulation The exterior insulation material 20 is a wall material that ensures the insulation function of the exterior wall structure 1. In this example, rigid polyurethane foam board is used as the exterior insulation material 20. Both sides of the rigid polyurethane foam board are covered with paper, nonwoven fabric, aluminum foil, etc. Alternatively, the exterior insulation material 20 may be EPS, XPS, phenolic board, rock wool board, glass wool board, etc. The exterior insulation material 20 is fixed to the vertical furring strips 30 by nails or screws, or by adhesive. However, the exterior insulation material 20 is not limited to the above; as previously mentioned, any material or structure may be selected, or the structure may not include exterior insulation material 20 at all.

[0020] <4> Vertical framing The vertical furring strips 30 are long members that ensure ventilation of the exterior wall structure 1. In this example, a strip of resin or wood is used as the vertical furring strip 30. Alternatively, the vertical furring strip 30 may be a strip of other synthetic resin, a small wooden board, or the like. The vertical furring strips 30 are fixed to the exterior protective material 50 with nails or screws. However, the vertical furring strips 30 are not limited to those described above; any material or structure may be selected as described previously.

[0021] <5> Waterproof sheet The waterproof sheet 40 is a sheet material used to ensure the moisture-proof and waterproof functions of the exterior wall structure 1. In this example, the waterproof sheet 40 is a two-layer breathable waterproof sheet made by laminating a high-strength nonwoven fabric to one side of a breathable waterproof film. Alternatively, the waterproof sheet 40 may be a three-layer breathable waterproof sheet made by laminating high-strength nonwoven fabric to both sides. The waterproof sheet 40 is bonded to the exterior protective material 50. However, the waterproof sheet 40 is not limited to the above; as previously mentioned, any material or structure may be selected, or the structure may not include a waterproof sheet 40 at all.

[0022] <6> Exterior protection material The exterior protective material 50 is a wall material that constitutes the fireproof covering of the exterior wall structure 1. The exterior protective material 50 is made of inorganic, non-combustible material. In this example, plasterboard (gypsum board) is used as the exterior protective material 50. Plasterboard is a wall material in which both sides of a gypsum board are covered with paper material, and it is suitable for use as an exterior protective material 50 because it combines excellent properties such as fire resistance, dimensional stability, ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness. The exterior protective material 50 is fixed to the load-bearing wall material 60 and structural frame material 70 by nails or screws. However, the exterior protective material 50 is not limited to plasterboard; it may also be lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) board, calcium silicate board, slate board, etc.

[0023] <6.1>Fireproof performance Exterior wall structure 1 can accommodate various performance levels, including fireproof structure (30 minutes), semi-fireproof structure (45 minutes), and fireproof structure (60 minutes), simply by changing the thickness of the exterior protective material 50, which is a fire-resistant coating.

[0024] <7> load-bearing wall material The load-bearing wall material 60 is a wall material that, in combination with the structural frame material 70, supports the exterior wall structure 1 in a planar manner. In this example, structural plywood is used as the load-bearing wall material 60. The load-bearing wall material 60 is fixed to the structural frame material 70 by nails or screws. However, the load-bearing wall material 60 is not limited to structural plywood; structural panels (OSB, wood fiber board), particleboard, etc., may also be used.

[0025] <8> structural frame material The structural frame material 70 is a wall material that, in combination with the load-bearing wall material 60, supports the exterior wall structure 1 in a planar manner. In this example, the structural frame material 70 will be a column / frame made of wood with a cross-sectional dimension of 38 mm x 89 mm or larger. In this example, the use of stud 204 (wall thickness 89 mm) allows the wall thickness of the structural frame material 70 to be 31 mm thinner than the 120 mm wall thickness of conventional construction methods. By adding this thickness to the exterior insulation material 20 that is applied to the outside, insulation performance can be ensured even without filling the structural frame material 70 with insulation material. Furthermore, this eliminates the need to obtain two certifications depending on whether or not insulation material is filled into the structural frame material 70, as was the case with conventional technology. However, the structural frame material 70 is not limited to the above; other materials and structures may be selected.

[0026] <9> Interior protective materials The interior protective material 80 is a wall material that constitutes the innermost layer of the exterior wall structure 1. In this example, plasterboard is used as the interior protective material 80. The interior protective material 80 is fixed to the structural frame material 70 by nails or screws. However, the interior protective material 80 is not limited to the above; lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) boards, calcium silicate boards, slate boards, etc., may also be selected.

[0027] <10> Exterior wall panels The exterior wall panel 1a is a panel component that integrates the exterior wall structure 1. Exterior wall panel 1a utilizes an exterior wall structure 1, which consists of a combination of multiple components, as a panel component. This allows for certification by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism on a panel-by-panel basis, rather than for individual wall materials. Furthermore, exterior wall panel 1a can be used for construction using a prefabricated construction method. Therefore, by purchasing exterior wall panels 1a, even small and medium-sized construction companies that lack sufficient capital or technical capabilities can easily and inexpensively construct high-quality exterior wall structures 1 equipped with fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties.

[0028] <11> Wooden house Wooden house A is a house equipped with exterior wall structure 1. Wooden house A is constructed using exterior wall panels 1a as the wall material. Wooden house A is designed so that the exterior insulation material 20 is placed on the exterior protective material 50, which is a fireproof covering, on the exterior side. This design allows for an increase in the wall thickness of the exterior insulation material 20, thereby improving the insulation performance, without being subject to the restrictions of certification by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. This makes it possible to achieve high thermal insulation performance of thermal insulation performance grade 5 or higher, which was difficult to achieve with conventional technology. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0029] 1 External wall structure 1a Exterior wall panel 10. Exterior finishing materials 20 Exterior insulation 30 vertical purlins 40 Waterproof Sheet 50 Exterior protection material 60 load-bearing wall material 70 Structural frame material 80 Interior protective materials A wooden house

Claims

1. A wooden house exterior wall structure having fire-resistant properties, Exterior protective material made of inorganic non-combustible board, A wood-based load-bearing wall material attached to the indoor side of the aforementioned exterior protective material, The system comprises at least a structural frame member attached to the indoor side of the load-bearing wall material, The exterior protective material is characterized by being a fire-resistant coating certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Exterior wall structure of a wooden house.

2. A characteristic feature is that an exterior insulation material is attached to the exterior side of the exterior protective material. The exterior wall structure of a wooden house according to claim 1.

3. The structural frame material is characterized by consisting of wooden columns or frameworks with a cross-sectional dimension of 38 mm x 89 mm or larger. The exterior wall structure of a wooden house according to claim 1.

4. A wall structure characterized by comprising an exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Exterior wall panels for wooden houses.

5. A wall structure characterized by comprising an exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Wooden house.

6. It is characterized by having an insulation performance rating of level 5 or higher under the Act on Promotion of Quality Assurance in Housing, etc. A wooden house according to claim 5.

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