Method for reproducing the fire ignition process and test method

Abstract

This invention provides a highly reproducible and easy-to-install reproduction experiment method, as well as a test method using the same. [Solution] This method uses a flammable container formed in a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, a flammable contents placed inside the container, and an igniter placed inside the container. The process involves placing the igniter on one end of the container in a plan view, placing the contents on the other end of the igniter, igniting the igniter, creating a hole in the container due to the combustion of at least the igniter, and then the fire spreading from the igniter to the contents, causing the container to collapse on the side with the hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an experimental method for reproducing a fire outbreak process that can reproduce the fire outbreak process of a fire and a test method using the same.

Background Art

[0002] In the conventional reproduction experiment of a fire in a real residential space, there are some that use a burner or a crib as a heat source. The experiment using the burner of the ISO9705-1 standard test is a test method for reproducing a fire that spreads to furniture such as a curtain by installing a dedicated burner at the corner of a room corner laboratory and continuously burning for a certain period of time (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] There is also a report on a test method using a model (crib) in which the heat generation rate (heat generation amount, generally referring to energy) stabilizes at a constant value. It is a method for reproducing a fire by attaching a ceiling and a floor to a wall installed in an L shape and igniting the crib at the corner (Non-Patent Document 2).

[0004] These heat sources are easy to control the heat quantity and have high reproducibility.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

[0006] However, the aforementioned fire simulation experiments have a problem in that they use ignition sources that are not typically found in homes. While there was a need for fire simulation experiments that used ignition sources that are commonly found in residential spaces, these experiments lacked reproducibility, and the combustion characteristics varied from experiment to experiment.

[0007] Furthermore, since fire extinguishing experiments require attempting to extinguish the entire fire source, methods using burners or cribs present problems with the effort involved in preparing for the experiment, including cleanup and maintenance, making it cumbersome when conducting multiple tests consecutively. Therefore, it was desirable to use a fire source that is common in ordinary homes, easy to prepare in large quantities, and easy to install.

[0008] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a highly reproducible and easy-to-install reproduction experiment method and a test method using the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The invention described in claim 1 comprises a flammable container formed in a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, The flammable contents placed inside the container, This method uses an ignition agent placed inside the container, In a plan view of the container, the igniter is placed at one end, and the contents are placed at the other end relative to the igniter. The process involves igniting the ignition agent, creating a hole in the container due to the combustion of the ignition agent, and then allowing the fire to spread from the ignition agent to the contents, causing the container to collapse on the side with the hole.

[0010] This allows for a highly reproducible and low-burden reproduction experiment method.

[0011] Furthermore, it utilizes the reproduction experiment method described in claim 1. Place the designated fire model, In the container in plan view, arrange the ignition agent on one end side, arrange the contents on the other end side from the ignition agent, and arrange the side of the container where the ignition agent is arranged to face the fire model. Ignite the ignition agent, at least make a hole in the container due to the combustion of the ignition agent, cause the fire to spread from the ignition agent to the contents, and cause the container to collapse to the side with the hole. After going through this process, cause the fire to spread to the fire model.

[0012] According to this, by using the above reproduction experiment method as a test method, it is possible to obtain a test method with high reproducibility and a light installation burden even for fire spread.

[0013] Also, using a fire extinguishing test device, collide a specimen for throwing filled with a fire extinguishing agent into the fire model, and extinguish the fire model that has spread from the container.

[0014] According to this, it is possible to obtain a fire extinguishing test method having the above effects.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] [Figure 1] It is an explanatory diagram of a trash can used in the reproduction experiment method in the present invention. [Figure 2] It is an explanatory diagram of a styrofoam tray used in the same reproduction experiment method. [Figure 3] It is a plan view showing the arrangement inside the trash can in the same reproduction experiment method. [Figure 4] It is the investigation result of the time for the trash can to have a hole and the time until it collapses. [Figure 5] It is a model diagram of the combustion mode of the trash can. [Figure 6] It is a diagram showing the measurement result of the heat generation rate of the trash can. [Figure 7] It is an explanatory diagram of the desk used in the experiment. [Figure 8] It is an explanatory diagram of the bookshelf used in the experiment. [Figure 9] It is an explanatory diagram of the wall used in the experiment. [Figure 10] This is a diagram showing the specimens used in the experiment. [Figure 11] This is an explanatory diagram of the installation locations (black arrows) of trash cans in each model. [Figure 12-1] This is an explanatory diagram of the fire extinguishing test apparatus used in the fire extinguishing test. [Figure 12-2] This is an explanatory diagram of the state where the launch tube of the fire extinguishing test apparatus used in the fire extinguishing test is angled. [Figure 13] This is a diagram showing the measurement results of the heat generation rate of each model. [Figure 14] This is a diagram showing the fire extinguishing experiment results of each model. [Figure 15] This is a diagram showing the fire extinguishing experiment results of each specimen.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0016] An embodiment of the reproduction experiment method and the test method using the same in the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

[0017] The present invention is a reproduction experiment method for simulating, with high reproducibility, a series of phenomena in the initial stage of a fire in a real space, in which a trash can falls in a certain pattern with a certain heat generation rate and spreads fire to real objects in the space (furniture and walls), and a test method using the same.

[0018] The results of the demonstration experiment are described below, divided into two parts: [Experiment I] Establishment of the ignition process model experiment and [Experiment II] Reproduction of fire spread in a real space.

[0019] [Experiment I] Establishment of the ignition process model experiment An experimental method for simulating, with high reproducibility, the ignition process in a real space using a trash can was established.

[0020] (i) Principle Since this experiment is very susceptible to the influence of air flow, it should not be carried out outdoors. If possible, it should be carried out under an appropriate exhaust hood.

[0021] (ii) Experimental materials In this experiment, a trash can of typical residential dimensions was selected as the ignition source to reproduce the fire-starting process. Forty-seven food-grade polystyrene trays were used as the contents to aid combustion, and methenamine tablets were used as the ignition agent. These selections were based on Yamada et al. (Full-scale combustion experiment of fire-resistant textile products (Part 1: A consideration of an external fire source model), Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Fire Science Society of Japan, 1999).

[0022] (a) Trash can The trash can used was the Colored Collector 10 L in white, sold by Iwasaki Industries (Figure 1). https: / / www.monotaro.com / p / 2482 / 7664 / - Material: Polypropylene - Dimensions: Base diameter 200 mm × Height 300 mm (Figure 1) (b) Styrofoam tray The tray used as the contents of the trash can is a boat-shaped dish sold by Chuo Kagaku (Figure 2). https: / / www.monotaro.com / p / 3321 / 4388 / - Material: Expanded polystyrene - Dimensions: 198 mm × 109 mm × 20 mm (c) Methenamin Tablets The methenamine tablets used as an ignition agent are designated products of the Japan Fire Retardant Association and are sold by Ichihashi Seiki Co., Ltd. https: / / www.ichihashiseiki.co.jp / methenamine Methenamin tablets are one of the test methods for evaluating the flame-retardant performance of textile materials as defined by the Japan Fire Retardant Association, known as the "45° Methenamin Tablet Method". (https: / / www.aichi-inst.jp / other / up_docs / no.239_03.pdf) It is also used as a fire starter, and it can burn for a long time with a stable flame. - Mass: 150 ± 5 mg - Diameter: 6mm (iii) Experimental method A total of 47 trays (6 on the left, 35 in the middle, and 6 on the right in Figure 3) were placed inside a trash can and set up in the area where combustion was to occur. After setting up, a methenamine tablet that had been ignited was placed in the center along the inner front wall of the trash can (Figure 3). Then, to check whether the burning pattern of the trash can was highly reproducible, the "time it took for a hole to form" and the "time it took from the time the hole formed until the trash can collapsed" were measured, and the rate of heat generation was also measured.

[0023] (iv) Experimental results Table 1 summarizes the "time it took for a hole to form" and the "time it took from the time a hole formed until the bin collapsed" when 41 trash cans were burned.

[0024] After placing the ignited methenamine tablet inside the trash can (Figure 5A), the lower front part of the trash can melted and a hole appeared within 65 to 102 seconds (Figures 4 and 5B).

[0025] Subsequently, the flames from the methenamine tablet increased (Figure 5B). This is thought to be because air flowed into the trash can through the hole that had formed.

[0026] The enlarged flames from the methenamine tablets ignited the polystyrene tray, and the fire spread sequentially from the polystyrene tray at the front of the trash can, causing the hole at the bottom of the front of the trash can to also expand (Figure 5C).

[0027] The flames emanating from the melted polystyrene foam caused the hole to expand further, and after 65-88 seconds, the trash can began to topple forward (Figure 5D). Eventually, the trash can completely collapsed forward (Figure 5E).

[0028] Figure 6 shows the results of the heat generation rate measurements of the trash cans. All four trash cans measured showed similar combustion characteristics, with a maximum heat generation rate of 39.6 to 45.7 kW occurring 583 to 676 seconds after ignition (Figure 6).

[0029] Based on these results, it was confirmed that the method of burning trash cans in this experiment is highly reproducible, given the ignition pattern and heat generation rate of the trash cans.

[0030] [Experiment II] Recreating the spread of fire in real space In [Experiment I], we recreated the process of a trash can catching fire in real space and confirmed the high degree of accuracy of the recreation. In [Experiment II], we investigated whether this trash can could actually catch fire in real space using a model.

[0031] (i) Principles This experiment is highly susceptible to airflow and should not be conducted outdoors. If possible, the work should be carried out under a suitable smoke exhaust hood.

[0032] (ii) Experimental materials In this experiment, to investigate whether the wastebasket combustion method established in [Experiment I] spreads fire in a real space, two pieces of furniture (a desk and a bookshelf) and an L-shaped wall were used as models of a real space. These were made using MDF board, a building material that is widely distributed in Japan and commonly used in ordinary houses. Furthermore, as an example of the application of the present invention, an actual fire extinguishing experiment was conducted, and the details of that experiment are also described.

[0033] (a) desk The desk used was constructed to the same dimensions as the one used by Noaki et al. (Abstracts of Academic Presentations at the Architectural Institute of Japan Convention, 2019) in their combustion suppression experiment, as a representative example of a desk in a real space (Figure 7). - Material: 18 mm thick MDF board - Dimensions: 700 mm × 1200 mm × 700 mm (height) (b) Bookshelf The bookshelf used was constructed to the same dimensions as the one used by Minami et al. (2004 Research Report of the Kanto Branch of the Architectural Institute of Japan, 2004) in their combustion experiment, as a representative example of a bookshelf in a real space (Figure 8). Fifteen books were placed on each shelf. To ensure consistent combustion characteristics for each book, the books were made by binding 200 sheets of B6 size plain paper (total thickness 17.6 mm) with cardboard to mimic the cover (Figure 8). In addition, to ensure consistent combustion characteristics on the shelf, 30 mm square pieces of wood were placed between the books to maintain a consistent distance between them. Bookshelf - Material: 18 mm thick MDF board - Dimensions: 802 mm × 237 mm × 1141 mm (height) Book - Material: Inside → B6 standard paper (containing pulp from tree nurseries), Cover → Virgin pulp cardboard - Dimensions: 20-25 mm × 130 mm × 187 mm (height) (c) wall The walls used were designed to replicate a real space, referencing the dimensions of the room corner test chamber in ISO 9705-1, and were L-shaped with a ceiling constructed on top (Figure 9). - Material: 9mm thick MDF board - Dimensions: 910 mm × 910 mm × 2400 mm (height) (d) Fire extinguishing agent The fire extinguishing agents used in the fire extinguishing experiment were "Fitec Throwable Fire Extinguishing Tool (FT-01)" (Sample 1) and "FITEX (FTX-01R)" (Sample 2), both throwable, simple fire extinguishing tools manufactured by FITEC Corporation (Figure 10).

[0034] (iii) Experimental method After igniting the methenamine tablet, the methenamine tablet was placed in the designated position on the trash can (Figure 3) using tweezers, and the trash cans were placed on each model as shown in Figure 11. On the desk, the trash can was placed in the lower right corner of the desk, positioned so that it would tip over into the corner (Figure 11). On the bookshelf, the trash can was placed in the lower right corner, positioned so that it would tip over towards the bookshelf (Figure 11). On the wall, the trash can was placed in the center of the L-shape, positioned so that it would tip over into the corner (Figure 11).

[0035] After installation, the flames from the trash can spread, and observation continued until the flames grew to a certain size. The rate of heat generation was also measured to confirm reproducibility.

[0036] In the fire extinguishing experiment, after setting up a trash can, it was allowed to burn for a specified time (wall: 425-442 seconds, desk: 340-345 seconds, bookshelf: 246-262 seconds), and attempts were made to extinguish the fire with each sample. During the extinguishing process, the sample was ejected using a sample ejection device (Figures 12-1, 12-2) which served as the fire extinguishing test apparatus.

[0037] As shown in Figures 12-1 and 12-2, the sample ejection device 100 includes a main body 110, a launching tube 120, an ejection member 130, a biasing member 140, and an operating member 150.

[0038] The main body 110 includes a flat base plate and a frame portion arranged in a frame shape on the base plate.

[0039] The launch tube 120 is formed in a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed. The launch tube 120 is rotatably attached to the frame portion of the main body portion 110 via a shaft member 121. The launch tube 120 can be fixed at a predetermined angle (elevation angle) using existing fasteners.

[0040] The ejection member 130 is formed in a cylindrical shape and is movable in the axial direction within the launch tube. An operating lever 131 is attached to the ejection member 130.

[0041] The biasing member 140 is a cylindrical coil spring. The biasing member 140 has one end in contact with the ejection member 130 and the other end in contact with the operating member 150, thereby biasing the ejection member toward one end of the launch tube.

[0042] The operating member 150 is rod-shaped and formed in a roughly Y-shape, allowing the other end of the launch tube 120 to pass through it, and is connected to the ejection member 130 at one end.

[0043] By moving the operating member 150 to the other end of the launch tube 120, the biasing force of the biasing member 140 is accumulated, and the sample is ejected by the biasing force of the biasing member 140.

[0044] The launch tube 120 can be rotated and fixed vertically relative to the frame of the main body 110. This function allows the launch tube 120 to be set to any angle relative to the horizontal during experiments.

[0045] In the furniture (desk, bookshelf) experiment, the launch tube 120 was used in a horizontal position, and in the wall experiment, it was used at an angle of 30 to 35 degrees from the horizontal. In this case, the sample ejection device 100 was able to eject samples 1 and 2 at 35 to 50 km / h when the launch tube 120 was in a horizontal position, and at 30 to 40 km / h when the launch tube 120 was at an angle of 30 to 35 degrees from the horizontal.

[0046] (iv) Experimental results Combustion of a model In all models, we were able to confirm the spread of flames from the trash can. The heat generation rate for each model is shown in Figure 13. Although measurements were taken in two replicates, we were able to confirm the reproducibility of the heat generation rate and combustion characteristics such as waveforms in all models (Figure 13). From this, it was confirmed that the trash can fire ignition process model established in [Experiment I] can reproduce the spread of fire in a real-world model.

[0047] Fire extinguishing experiment The experimental results are shown in Figure 14, and the measured flame height and heat generation rate for each model when the fire was extinguished are shown in Figure 15. In the wall fire extinguishing experiment, specimens 1 and 2 extinguished flames that reached the ceiling (Figure 14A). The flame height at the time of extinguishing was 2.4 m for both specimens (Figure 15). In the desk fire extinguishing experiment, both specimens extinguished flames that reached the tabletop (Figure 14B). The flame height at the time of extinguishing was 0.7 m for both specimens (Figure 15). In the bookshelf fire extinguishing experiment, both specimens extinguished flames that had spread to the books on the first shelf (Figure 14C). The flame heights at the time of extinguishing were 0.35 m and 0.38 m for specimens 1 and 2, respectively (Figure 15). Thus, as one example of application, it was possible to conduct a fire extinguishing experiment using the contents of the present invention.

[0048] The reproduction experiment method of this embodiment involves a flammable container formed in a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, The flammable contents placed inside the container, It uses an igniter placed inside the container, In a plan view of the container, the igniter is placed at one end, and the contents are placed at the other end relative to the igniter. The process involves igniting an incendiary agent, creating a hole in the container due to the combustion of the incendiary agent, and then allowing the fire to spread from the incendiary agent to the contents, causing the container to collapse on the side with the hole.

[0049] This allows for a highly reproducible and low-burden reproduction experiment method.

[0050] Furthermore, the above-mentioned reproduction experiment method will be used as the testing method. Place the designated fire model, In a plan view of the container, the igniter is placed at one end, the contents are placed at the other end of the container relative to the igniter, and the side of the container where the igniter is placed faces the fire model. The process involves igniting the ignition agent, creating a hole in the container due to the combustion of the ignition agent, allowing the fire to spread from the ignition agent to the contents, causing the container to collapse on the side with the hole, and finally spreading the fire to the fire model.

[0051] According to this, by using the above-mentioned reproduction experiment method as the test method, it is possible to create a test method that is highly reproducible and has a light installation burden, even for fire spread.

[0052] Furthermore, using the sample injection device 100 as a fire extinguishing test device, a sample for throwing, in which a container filled with fire extinguishing agent is placed, is brought into contact with the fire model, thereby extinguishing the fire model that has spread from the containment container.

[0053] According to this, a fire extinguishing test method that produces the above-mentioned effects can be established.

[0054] The reproduction experiment method and the test method using the same of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above. That is, various design modifications are possible as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

[0055] For example, as a fire extinguishing test apparatus, any device other than the sample injection device 100 can be used as long as it can accurately apply samples 1 and 2 to the fire model.

[0056] Furthermore, PE (polyethylene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) can be used as materials for the container, wood and paper can be used as materials for the contents, and methanol, wood, paraffin, and hexamine can be used as materials for the ignition agent.

[0057] Furthermore, the test method can use throwable, simple fire extinguishing devices other than specimens 1 and 2 as specimens. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0058] 100 sample injection device

Claims

1. A flammable container formed in a cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed, The flammable contents placed inside the container, This method uses an ignition agent placed inside the container, In a plan view of the container, the igniter is placed at one end, and the contents are placed at the other end relative to the igniter. A method for reproducing a fire-starting process, characterized by the following steps: igniting the igniter, creating a hole in the container due to the combustion of at least the igniter, and allowing the fire to spread from the igniter to the contents, causing the container to collapse on the side with the hole.

2. This method utilizes the reproduction experiment method described in claim 1. Place the designated fire model, In a plan view of the container, the igniter is placed at one end, the contents are placed at the other end of the container relative to the igniter, and the side of the container on which the igniter is placed faces the fire model. The igniter ignites, and at least the combustion of the igniter creates a hole in the container, the fire spreads from the igniter to the contents, and the container collapses on the side with the hole. A test method characterized by spreading fire to the fire model through a series of steps.

3. The test method according to claim 2, characterized in that a fire extinguishing test device is used to strike the fire model with a throwable specimen containing a fire extinguishing agent in a container, thereby extinguishing the fire model that has spread from the container.

Images