Infrared reflectors, transport equipment, windows, vehicles, and solar cell modules

Abstract

The objective of this invention is to provide an infrared reflector that can achieve both suppression of color and appearance defects and heat shielding properties. [Solution] The device has an infrared reflective layer and a light-adjusting layer, and the saturation C of the reflected light when light is incident from the light-adjusting layer side at an incident angle of 60°. * R An infrared reflector characterized in that the value is between 0 and 10, and the average light absorption rate Abs in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range, calculated by the following formula 1, satisfies 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR T: Average transmittance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the dimming layer side. R: Average reflectance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the dimming layer side.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an infrared reflector, and to transportation equipment, windows, vehicles, and solar cell modules using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, climate change has led to intense summer heat, particularly from sunlight, and in response to carbon dioxide emission regulations aimed at environmental protection, there has been growing interest in using heat-shielding materials that can suppress the inflow of heat from the outside on the roofs and windows of vehicles such as cars and trains, as well as on the windows of buildings.

[0003] Examples of such heat-shielding materials include those that incorporate heat-absorbing particles into an interlayer for glass or laminated glass to block heat rays, those that form a metal film on the glass surface by sputtering or other methods to reflect and block heat rays, and those that reflect and block heat rays using a multilayer laminated film in which polymers with different refractive indices are alternately layered. Among these, multilayer laminated films can select the wavelength range to be reflected by controlling the thickness of the layers, so they can selectively reflect light in the near-infrared band and improve heat shielding performance while maintaining visible light transmittance. In addition, multilayer laminated films usually do not contain components that block radio waves, such as metals, so they maintain excellent radio wave transmittance.

[0004] However, in multilayer laminated films, interference reflection of the nth order occurs not only at the main reflection wavelength (principal reflection wavelength) but also at wavelengths of principal reflection wavelength / n (where n is an integer). For example, if the layer thickness is controlled so that the principal reflection wavelength is in the wavelength band of 1200 nm or higher, secondary and tertiary interference reflections will occur in the visible light band between 380 nm and 700 nm, causing the multilayer laminated film to appear colored. Furthermore, multilayer laminated films have the characteristic that the wavelength at which interference reflection occurs shifts to the lower wavelength side as the angle of incidence of light increases, raising concerns that the color may change even when viewed from an oblique angle.

[0005] As a countermeasure to the above problems, one method is to design the multilayer laminated film so that the main reflection band is shifted to the longer wavelength side in advance, to the extent that visible light reflection does not occur even if the reflection band shifts to the shorter wavelength side. Specifically, in order to avoid coloring of the multilayer laminated film due to reflected light, it is considered effective to set the short wavelength edge of the main reflection band at a 0° incident angle to approximately 850 nm or more (Patent Document 1). In addition, as another method to suppress coloring of the multilayer laminated film, there are methods such as including a coloring component in the layers that make up the multilayer laminated film or providing a light-absorbing colored layer on the surface (Patent Document 2). In this case, the colored layer is made of carbon black (CB), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), cesium tungsten oxide (CWO), etc., which absorb visible light and do not give a strong sense of color. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2020 / 183384 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2013 / 002130 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] However, in the case of the method described in Patent Document 1, although the coloring of the multilayer laminated film is suppressed, the heat ray reflection performance decreases due to the shift of the main reflection band to the longer wavelength side, resulting in a decrease in heat shielding performance. Also, in the case of the method described in Patent Document 2, although the heat shielding performance of the multilayer laminated film is maintained at a high level, in order to make it close to achromatic, the type and amount of coloring component must be appropriately selected and adjusted, which presents difficulties in terms of design. For example, CWO generally tends to have a bluish tint, and even with methods that suppress the color by the coloring effect of mixing different coloring components, a slight color remains, making it difficult to completely suppress the color. Furthermore, CB, ITO, and CWO have the property of absorbing near-infrared rays, and if these are used in the colored layer, there is a concern that the colored layer itself will absorb heat, causing deterioration or deformation of the multilayer laminated film.

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems and provides an infrared reflector that can achieve both suppression of color and appearance defects and heat shielding properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the present invention has an infrared reflective layer and a light-adjusting layer, and the chrominance C of the reflected light when light is incident from the light-adjusting layer side at an incident angle of 60° * R The infrared reflector is characterized in that the value is between 0 and 10, and the average light absorption rate Abs in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range, calculated by the following formula 1, satisfies 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR T: Average transmittance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the dimming layer side. R: The average reflectance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly on the surface from the dimming layer side.

[0010] Furthermore, the infrared reflector of the present invention can be in the following forms, and the infrared reflector of the present invention can also be used in transportation equipment, windows, and vehicles as described below. (1) It has an infrared reflection layer and a light control layer, and the chroma C of the reflected light when light is incident from the light control layer side at an incident angle of 60° * R is 0 or more and 10 or less, and the average light absorption rate Abs in the wavelength band of 800 nm to 1400 nm calculated by the following formula 1 satisfies 0% ≦ Abs ≦ 30%. An infrared reflector characterized by this. Formula 1: Abs = 100 - T - R T: The average light transmittance in the wavelength band of 800 nm to 1400 nm when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the light control layer side R: The average light reflectance in the wavelength band of 800 nm to 1400 nm when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the light control layer side (2) When light is incident from the infrared reflection layer side, when the short wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 0° is λ nm and the short wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 60° is λ' nm, when light is incident from the light control layer side, the average light absorption rate of the light in the wavelength band of λ nm to λ' nm at an incident angle of 0° and an incident angle of 60° is both 50% or more and less than 100%. The infrared reflector according to (1). (3) When light is incident from the light control layer side, the average light absorption rate of the light in the wavelength band of 380 nm to 700 nm at an incident angle of 0° and an incident angle of 60° is 50% or more and less than 100%. The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2). (4) The light control layer contains an adhesive material. The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2). (5) At an incident angle of 0°, L * a * b * The chroma C of the transmitted light in the color space * T is greater than 0 and 10 or less. The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2). (6) At an incident angle of 0°, L * a * b * The lightness L of the reflected light in the color space * is greater than 0 and 30 or less. The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2). (7) The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), wherein the infrared reflecting layer has a structure in which 51 to 1001 layers of two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated. (8) The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), comprising a configuration in which a transparent substrate, the light-adjusting layer, and the infrared reflective layer are arranged in this order. (9) The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), comprising a configuration in which a transparent substrate, an infrared reflective layer, and a light-adjusting layer are arranged in this order. (10) The infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), comprising a configuration in which a transparent substrate 1, an adhesive layer 1, the light-adjusting layer, the infrared reflector, an adhesive layer 2, and the transparent substrate 2 are arranged in this order. (11) An infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), wherein a hard coat layer is located on the outermost surface of one or both sides. (12) An infrared reflector according to (1) or (2), having a layer containing a heat-absorbing agent. (13) A transport device equipped with an infrared reflector as described in (1) or (2). (14) A window equipped with an infrared reflector as described in (1) or (2). (15) A vehicle having the window described in (14), wherein the light-adjusting layer is located on the outside of the vehicle and the infrared reflective layer is located on the inside of the vehicle. (16) A solar cell module comprising an infrared reflector as described in (1) or (2), wherein the power generation layer, the light-regulating layer, and the infrared reflector are arranged in this order from the side of the incident surface of sunlight. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an infrared reflector that can achieve both suppression of color and appearance defects and heat shielding properties. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-section in the thickness direction and the incident surface of sunlight on a solar cell module. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction and the incident surface of sunlight for a solar cell module according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction and the incident surface of sunlight of a solar cell module using the infrared reflector of the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction and the incident surface of sunlight of a solar cell module using the infrared reflector of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction and the incident surface of sunlight of a solar cell module using the infrared reflector of the present invention. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram (used in the example) showing a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of the power generation layer of a solar cell module according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] The infrared reflector of the present invention will now be described. The infrared reflector of the present invention has an infrared reflective layer and a photochromic layer, and the saturation C of the reflected light when light is incident from the photochromic layer side at an incident angle of 60° * R The characteristic is that the value is between 0 and 10, and the average light absorption rate Abs in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range, calculated by the following formula 1, satisfies 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR T: Average transmittance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the dimming layer side. R: The average reflectance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly on the surface from the dimming layer side.

[0014] The following describes embodiments for carrying out the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and various modifications are naturally possible as long as they achieve the objective of the invention and do not depart from the gist of the invention. Furthermore, in the case of using a multilayer laminated film in which two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated as an infrared reflective layer, for the purpose of simplifying the explanation, some of the explanation will be given using as an example a multilayer laminated film in which two different thermoplastic resin layers are alternately laminated as an infrared reflective layer, but the same should be understood when a multilayer laminated film in which three or more thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated as an infrared reflective layer is used.

[0015] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, the photochromic layer may be formed on the entire surface or on only a portion of the surface, as long as there are areas where the photochromic layer and the photochromic layer overlap. Furthermore, the infrared reflector may be planar or curved. In addition, if the surface on the photochromic layer side or the surface on the infrared reflecting layer side is planar, their normals are uniquely determined. However, in the case of a curved surface, the direction of the normal changes depending on the position on the surface, so the normal cannot be uniquely determined unless the position on the surface is specified. For this reason, if the surface on the photochromic layer side is curved, the "normal to the surface on the photochromic layer side" is defined as the "normal to the tangent surface at the centroid of the surface on the photochromic layer side," and the same interpretation can be applied to the surface on the infrared reflecting layer side. When the infrared reflector is curved, each optical parameter shall be measured by irradiating light onto the centroid portion. The centroid shall be determined by the entire surface of the infrared reflector if the photochromic layer extends over the entire infrared reflector, and by the portion where the photochromic layer exists if the photochromic layer exists in only a part of the infrared reflector (when light is incident on the surface on the photochromic layer side). Hereinafter, the plane that serves as the reference for the normal to determine the angle of incidence when measuring optical parameters in the present invention, and the measurement position, shall be interpreted similarly unless otherwise specified.

[0016] In this invention, "having an infrared reflective layer and a photochromic layer" means that there are areas in the infrared reflector where the infrared reflective layer and the photochromic layer are laminated directly or via other layers. The infrared reflective layer and the photochromic layer may be a single layer or composed of multiple layers.

[0017] The infrared reflector of the present invention has an infrared reflective layer. The infrared reflective layer, as used herein, is a layer having the ability to reflect near-infrared light. Furthermore, "reflecting near-infrared light" here means having the ability to reflect light with a wavelength of 800 to 1400 nm, and more specifically, a layer whose average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1400 nm incident from the normal direction to the surface is 5% or more. If a specific layer cannot be separated from a laminate, the laminate can be considered to have an infrared reflective layer if a similar evaluation is performed on the laminate and the average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1400 nm is 5% or more. By having an infrared reflective layer, the laminate can reflect near-infrared light and block heat rays.

[0018] An infrared reflective layer having such performance can be obtained, for example, by using a multilayer laminated film obtained by alternately stacking 51 or more layers of different thermoplastic resin layers as described later, a metal layer, or a layer containing organic or inorganic particles. An infrared reflector having an infrared reflective layer can be obtained by having at least one of the above-described infrared reflective layers.

[0019] The infrared reflector of the present invention has a photochromic layer. The photochromic layer, as defined herein, has the ability to absorb visible light. Furthermore, absorbing visible light means having the ability to absorb light with wavelengths of 380 to 700 nm, and more specifically, a layer whose average absorption rate of light with wavelengths of 380 to 700 nm incident from the normal direction is 5% or more. However, since it may be difficult to isolate a specific layer from an infrared reflector, an infrared reflector can be considered to have a photochromic layer if its average absorption rate when irradiated with light of 380 to 700 nm from the normal direction is 5% or more.

[0020] By using such an infrared reflector, the photochromic layer absorbs the visible light component of the reflected light that causes coloration, thereby suppressing the coloration of the infrared reflector.

[0021] Such a light-adjusting layer can be obtained, for example, by using a material that absorbs visible light, or by adding a component that absorbs visible light to a transparent material. Specific examples of the former include colored glass such as green glass, while components that can be added in the latter include, for example, components that have little color, are close to black, and transmit near-infrared light. Other examples include carbon black (CB), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), and cesium tungsten oxide (CWO), but since these components absorb near-infrared light, the amount added should be adjusted considering the reduction in heat shielding performance. These components may also be used in combination as appropriate. An infrared reflector having a light-adjusting layer can be obtained, for example, by including at least one of the above-described light-adjusting layers.

[0022] From the viewpoint of improving heat shielding performance, it is preferable that the light-adjusting layer of the infrared reflector of the present invention transmits near-infrared light without absorbing it. If the light-adjusting layer absorbs near-infrared light, it will not be able to reflect the near-infrared light that would normally be reflected by the infrared reflecting layer, which may lead to a decrease in the heat shielding performance of the infrared reflector, as well as deterioration and deformation of the infrared reflector itself due to heat absorption. Furthermore, if the aforementioned CB, ITO, CWO, etc. are used for the light-adjusting layer, these materials have the property of absorbing a certain amount of near-infrared light, making the above concerns more likely to occur. Here, "transmitting near-infrared light without absorbing it" means having the ability to transmit light with a wavelength of 800 to 1400 nm without absorbing it, and more specifically, it means that the absorption rate of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1400 nm incident from the normal direction to the surface on the light-adjusting layer side is 30% or less. Furthermore, since it can be difficult to isolate a specific layer from an infrared reflector, if an infrared reflector has an absorption rate of 30% or less when irradiated with light of 800-1400 nm from the direction of its normal, it can be considered to have a light-adjusting layer that transmits and does not absorb near-infrared light as described above.

[0023] By using such an infrared reflector, when light is incident on the infrared reflector from the photochromic layer side as viewed from the infrared reflecting layer, the photochromic layer does not absorb near-infrared light corresponding to wavelengths of 800 to 1400 nm. Therefore, near-infrared light passes through the photochromic layer, and the transmitted near-infrared light is efficiently reflected by the infrared reflecting layer. This near-infrared light reflected by the infrared reflecting layer passes through the photochromic layer again, but if the absorption rate of the photochromic layer at the above wavelengths is 30% or less, it will pass through the photochromic layer and be emitted outside the system, thus suppressing the heat absorption of the infrared reflector itself due to the absorption of near-infrared light.

[0024] Such a light-adjusting layer that does not absorb but transmits near-infrared light can be obtained, for example, by adding a component that has little color, is close to black, and transmits near-infrared light to a transparent material. Specific examples of such components include bismuth compositions and melamine pigments, and these components can be used in combination as appropriate, as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention. Commercially available examples of such components include the Spectrasense Black series (manufactured by DIC Corporation) and the black GLS-HF series. The absorption rate of light with wavelengths of 800 to 1400 nm can be calculated from the transmission spectrum measured at 1 nm intervals using a known spectrophotometer (the method for obtaining the transmission spectrum will be described later; the same applies to the average absorption rate of other light).

[0025] The infrared reflector of the present invention suppresses color distortion when viewed from an oblique direction, and the saturation C of the reflected light when light is incident from the photochromic layer side at an incident angle of 60°. * R The value is between 0 and 10. Here, an incident angle of 60° means that the direction of light propagation and the direction of the surface normal are at an angle of 60°. "Photochromic layer side" refers to the side on which the photochromic layer is located when viewed from the infrared reflective layer. Saturation is La * b * This is the saturation of reflected light in color space, and can be measured in accordance with JIS X8701 (1999) (detailed measurement method will be described later). Note that below, "saturation of reflected light when light is incident from the dimming layer side at an incident angle of 60°" will simply be referred to as C. *R That happens.

[0026] Generally, when light is reflected by a multilayer film, the reflection band of light incident at an oblique angle shifts to shorter wavelengths as the angle of incidence increases, compared to the reflection band of specular reflection. Therefore, when viewed from an oblique direction, if the reflection band of the infrared reflector shifts to shorter wavelengths before it reflects light in the visible light range, the reflected light will appear colored. C when light is incident from the photochromic layer side. * R By setting C to 0 or more and 10 or less, the infrared reflector can suppress coloration of reflected light even when irradiated with light at an incident angle of 60°, which tends to cause coloration of reflected light due to the shift of the reflection band to the shorter wavelength side. From the above viewpoint, in the infrared reflector of the present invention, C * R It is preferable that it is 5 or less. * R If the value is 5 or less, the coloration resulting from the reflection of light incident from an oblique direction to the normal of the infrared reflector becomes less visible. Furthermore, from the above perspective, C * R The smaller the value, the better, and its lower limit is theoretically 0.

[0027] C of infrared reflector * R To set C to 0 or more and 10 or within the above preferred range, it is effective to use a layer colored with a coloring agent such as a pigment (e.g., a printed layer, a hard coat layer, an adhesive layer, etc.) as a light-adjusting layer. When using a printed layer as a light-adjusting layer, the composition and color of the ink composition used for printing can be adjusted. * R It can be adjusted. Also, the thickness of the dimming layer can be increased. * R It is effective in lowering [the value].

[0028] From the viewpoint of improving heat shielding performance, the infrared reflector of the present invention satisfies the following condition: the average light absorption rate Abs in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range, calculated by the following formula 1, satisfies 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%. Hereinafter, "the average light absorption rate Abs in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range, calculated by the following formula 1," will be referred to simply as Abs. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR T: Average transmittance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the dimming layer side. R: The average reflectance of light in the 800nm ​​to 1400nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly on the surface from the dimming layer side.

[0029] Here, T and R can be measured by measuring the transmittance and reflectance of light with wavelengths of 800 to 1400 nm at an incident angle of 0° in 1 nm increments using a known spectrophotometer, and calculating the average value (detailed measurement methods are described later). The measurement surface is the side of the photochromic layer of the infrared reflector. The side of the photochromic layer refers to any surface of the photochromic layer of an arbitrarily selected infrared reflector, but if the photochromic layer is only present on a part of the infrared reflector, it refers to any arbitrarily selected surface in the part where the photochromic layer is present (unless otherwise specified, this can be interpreted similarly in the measurement of transmittance and reflectance). The handling of curved infrared reflectors is as described above.

[0030] When Abs is 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%, heat absorption by the infrared reflector is suppressed, and near-infrared rays incident from the photochromic layer side are more easily transmitted through the photochromic layer. The transmitted near-infrared rays are then reflected by the infrared reflecting layer, improving the infrared reflection performance. From this viewpoint, Abs is preferably 5% or less. If Abs is 5% or less, the infrared reflector can efficiently reflect heat rays without absorbing heat. From this viewpoint, the smaller Abs is, the better, and theoretically its lower limit is 0%.

[0031] To set the average light absorption rate (Abs) of an infrared reflector to 0% or more and 30% or within the preferred range described above, it is effective to use a printed layer as a light-adjusting layer, for example, by using an ink composition whose main component is a bismuth sulfide composition, or an ink composition with high near-infrared transmittance such as a melanin pigment. When using a printed layer as a light-adjusting layer, the average absorption rate (Abs) can be adjusted by adjusting the composition and color of the ink composition used for printing. Reducing the thickness of the light-adjusting layer is also effective in lowering Abs.

[0032] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, when light is incident from the infrared reflecting layer side, the shortest wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 0° is preferably λnm, and the shortest wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 60° is λ'nm. When light is incident from the light-adjusting layer side, the average absorption rate of light in the wavelength band from λnm to λ'nm at incident angles of 0° and 60° is preferably 50% or more and less than 100%, more preferably 60% or more and less than 100%. Here, "shortest wavelength end of reflected light" refers to the shortest wavelength in the reflection band of the infrared reflector, and "reflection band" refers to the widest range of the band in which the reflectance is continuously 50% or more.

[0033] Typically, in the case of a multilayer film suitable for an infrared reflective layer, reflected light incident at a 60° angle to the normal direction of the surface undergoes a shift towards shorter wavelengths, changing the reflectivity in the λ~λ' range. Therefore, if the reflection band extends to the near-infrared band, the reflection performance in the near-infrared band may change, or the reflection band may extend to the visible light band. Furthermore, if the wavelength band extends to the visible light band, the color may change depending on the viewing angle. Here, by absorbing light in the λ~λ' range, the change in reflectivity in the λ~λ' band can be suppressed, thereby suppressing changes in the near-infrared and infrared reflectivity of the infrared reflector, and suppressing the change in color depending on the viewing angle of the infrared reflector.

[0034] An infrared reflector of this nature can be obtained, for example, by using the aforementioned CWO or ITO, bismuth sulfide composition, melanin pigment, the black organic pigment, mixed organic pigment, inorganic pigment, etc., described later, in the light-adjusting layer. These components can also be used in appropriate combinations as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.

[0035] The infrared reflector of the present invention preferably has an average absorption rate of 50% or more and less than 100% of light in the wavelength band of 380 nm to 700 nm at incident angles of 0° and 60° when light is incident from the dimming layer side, and more preferably 60% or more and less than 100%. With this configuration, when light is incident on the infrared reflector at an incident angle of 0°, the color change of the reflected light is suppressed, and at the same time, when light is incident at an incident angle of 60°, even if the reflection band shifts to the shorter wavelength side and extends into the visible light band, the visible light is absorbed by the dimming layer, thereby suppressing the color change of the infrared reflector due to the reflected light.

[0036] An infrared reflector with an average absorption rate of 50% or more and less than 100% can be obtained by adding a component that absorbs visible light in the 380-700 nm range to the light-adjusting layer. Examples of such colorants include black organic pigments, mixed organic pigments, and inorganic pigments, which can be used individually or in appropriate combinations. Examples of black organic pigments include carbon black, perylene black, aniline black, and benzofuranone pigments. Examples of mixed organic pigments include those obtained by mixing two or more pigments having colors such as red, blue, green, purple, yellow, magenta, and cyan to create a pseudo-black color. Examples of black inorganic pigments include graphite; fine particles of metals such as titanium, copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc, calcium, and silver; and oxides, composite oxides, sulfides, nitrides, and oxynitrides of the above metals.

[0037] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, it is preferable that the light-adjusting layer contains an adhesive material. Here, the adhesive material refers to a component that, when added, can enhance adhesion to glass or resin. By containing an adhesive material in the light-adjusting layer, the light-adjusting layer can further function as an adhesive layer. Therefore, the infrared reflector can be bonded to transparent materials such as glass or resin, automobile windows and roofs, and building windows via the light-adjusting layer. Furthermore, because the light-adjusting layer is adhesive, there is no need to use other adhesive materials when bonding to the mating material, simplifying the bonding process and suppressing the increase in the overall thickness and weight of the bonded material. By suppressing the increase in the overall thickness and weight of the material, for example, when the material is applied to an automobile window, a reduction in the weight of the automobile can be expected, leading to improved fuel efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions.

[0038] Examples of adhesive materials that can be used in the light-adjusting layer include vinyl acetate resin-based adhesives, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer-based adhesives, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl ether, nitrile rubber-based adhesives, styrene / butadiene rubber-based adhesives, natural rubber-based adhesives, chloroprene rubber-based adhesives, polyamide-based adhesives, epoxy resin-based adhesives, polyurethane-based adhesives, acrylic resin-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic acid esters, and polyisobutylene adhesives. These components may be used individually or in combination, and adhesive modifiers, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, lubricants, colorants, crosslinking agents, etc., may be added as needed. The pre-processing forms of these adhesives include liquid, gel, lump, powder, and film. Methods for solidifying the light-adjusting layer containing the adhesive material include solvent evaporation, moisture curing, heat curing, curing agent mixing, anaerobic curing, UV curing, thermal melting and cooling, and pressure sensitivity. Lamination methods include lamination, injection molding, vacuum forming, pressure forming, combined vacuum and pressure forming, and autoclave forming.

[0039] The infrared reflector of the present invention has an incident angle of 0°, L * a * b * Saturation C of transmitted light in color space * T It is preferable that it is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10. * a * b * Saturation C of transmitted light in color space * T " is simply C * T This is what happens. Here, C * T This refers to the chrominance C at an incident angle of 0°, as measured according to JIS Z 8701 (1999). * This refers to C. * T Details of the measurement method will be described later (C * R It is the same except that the measurement and light incidence conditions change. * T By setting the value to be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10, the infrared reflector exhibits less coloration and is excellent at preventing the interior and its colors from being seen from the outside when used in windows, etc. From the above perspective, C * T It is preferable that it is 5 or less. Furthermore, from the above viewpoint, the transmission chrominance C of the infrared reflector * T The smaller the value, the better, and its lower limit is theoretically 0.

[0040] C * T To obtain an infrared reflector where the dimming layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10, C * T It is preferable to use a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10. C of the dimming layer * TThis can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the composition of the layer. Specific examples include using light absorbers that absorb in the visible light band but have relatively low absorption performance, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or cesium tungsten oxide (CWO), which appear slightly gray or bluish, as the material included in the light-adjusting layer; or using light absorbers that absorb across the entire visible light band and appear black, such as bismuth sulfide compositions or melamine pigments. Adjusting the amount of these materials is also effective. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the light-adjusting layer can also be effective. * T It can be lowered.

[0041] The infrared reflector of the present invention has an incident angle of 0°, L * a * b * Lightness L of reflected light in color space * It is preferable that the value is greater than 0 and 30 or less. Here, the lightness L * This refers to the lightness L measured according to JIS Z 8701 (1999). * This refers to the brightness L. * Details of the measurement method will be described later. Brightness L * When the value is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 30, the blackness of the infrared reflector increases, giving the material a high-quality black appearance.

[0042] Such infrared reflectors utilize a light-absorbing agent that absorbs the entire visible light spectrum, such as a bismuth sulfide composition or melamine pigment, in the photochromic layer, and appear black. Adjusting the composition and amount of this agent is effective. Increasing the thickness of the photochromic layer can also increase the brightness L. * It is possible to lower the brightness L from the above perspective. * The smaller the value, the better; theoretically, its lower limit is a value slightly above 0, and even more preferably 20.

[0043] The infrared reflective layer of the infrared reflector of the present invention is preferably made of a thermoplastic resin. Thermoplastic resins are generally less expensive than thermosetting resins and photocurable resins, and can be easily and continuously formed into films by known melt extrusion, making it possible to obtain films that can be used as infrared reflective layers at low cost. Furthermore, in the infrared reflector of the present invention, it is preferable that the infrared reflective layer has a structure in which 51 to 1001 layers of two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated. Below, a multilayer laminated film that can be suitably used as an infrared reflective layer having such a structure will be described.

[0044] In this context, "different" thermoplastic resin layers mean that they satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) their optical properties are different, specifically their average in-plane refractive index differs by 0.01 or more; (2) when the total constituent units of the thermoplastic resin constituting each thermoplastic resin layer are set to 100 mol%, 5 mol to 100 mol% of the constituent units differ; or (3) when the total constituent components of each thermoplastic resin layer are set to 100 mass%, 10 mass% or more of the components are different from each other.

[0045] Regularly laminated means that different thermoplastic resin layers are stacked in a regular arrangement in the thickness direction. For example, if the layers consist of two thermoplastic resins A and B (referred to as layer A and layer B respectively), then layers A and B are stacked alternately, such as A(BA)n and B(AB)n (where n is a natural number representing the repeating unit, and the same applies hereafter). By stacking different thermoplastic resin layers alternately in this way, the multilayer laminated film can reflect light of a specific wavelength depending on the relationship between the difference in the in-plane average refractive index of each layer and the layer thickness.

[0046] Furthermore, by having 51 or more regularly stacked layers in the multilayer laminated film, a high reflectivity can be achieved over a sufficient bandwidth in the near-infrared and infrared ranges, thereby obtaining sufficient heat shielding performance. From the above viewpoint, the number of regularly stacked layers in the multilayer laminated film is preferably 401 or more, and more preferably 801 or more. As mentioned above, interference reflection can achieve a higher reflectivity for light in a wider wavelength range as the number of layers increases, resulting in a multilayer laminated film with suppressed energy transmittance and high heat shielding performance. Also, from the above viewpoint, there is no upper limit to the number of layers, but as the number of layers increases, manufacturing costs increase due to the enlargement of manufacturing equipment, and handling deteriorates due to the increased thickness, so in reality, about 1001 layers is within the practical range.

[0047] The thermoplastic resin used in the multilayer laminated film of the infrared reflective layer of the present invention includes polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, and polypropylene terephthalate; chain polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methylpentene-1), and polyacetal; alicyclic polyolefins which are ring-opening metathesis polymerization, addition polymerization, or addition copolymers with other olefins of norbornene; biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, and nylon 66; and aramids. Polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacetal, polyglycolic acid, polystyrene, styrene copolymer polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyarylate, tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene chloride resin, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc. can be used. Among these, polyester is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of strength, heat resistance, transparency, and versatility. These may be copolymers or mixtures.

[0048] As polyesters, those obtained by polymerization from monomers mainly composed of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and diols or ester-forming derivatives thereof are preferred. Examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, and 4,4′-diphenylsulfondicarboxylic acid. Examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids include adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dimer acid, decaphosphate, dodecandionic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and their ester derivatives. Among these, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, which exhibit a high in-plane average refractive index, are preferred. These acid components may be used individually, in combination of two or more, or partially copolymerized with oxyacids such as hydroxybenzoic acid.

[0049] Examples of diol components include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane, isosorbate, and spiroglycol. Among these, ethylene glycol is preferred. These diol components may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0050] The thermoplastic resin used in the infrared reflective layer of the infrared reflector of the present invention is preferably, for example, polyethylene terephthalate and its polymer, polyethylene naphthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene naphthalate and its copolymer, and further, polyhexamethylene terephthalate and its copolymer, polyhexamethylene naphthalate and its copolymer.

[0051] Furthermore, a preferred combination of thermoplastic resins used in the infrared reflective layer of the infrared reflector of the present invention is one in which the difference in glass transition temperatures of each thermoplastic resin is 20°C or less. When the difference in glass transition temperatures is 20°C or less, the thickness uniformity when forming the multilayer laminated film is good, and variations in heat shielding performance are less likely to occur. In addition, problems such as over-stretching are less likely to occur when forming the multilayer laminated film.

[0052] As an example of a preferred combination of thermoplastic resins to satisfy the above conditions, in the multilayer laminated film used for the infrared reflective layer of the infrared reflector of the present invention, it is preferable that one thermoplastic resin layer contains polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, and the other thermoplastic resin layer contains a polyester containing spiroglycol carboxylate units. "Polyester containing spiroglycol carboxylate units" refers to a copolyester copolymerized with spiroglycol, and these can also be mixed with homopolyesters. Polyester containing spiroglycol carboxylate units is preferable because it has a small glass transition temperature difference with polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, making it less prone to overstretching during molding and less prone to delamination between layers. Furthermore, its cyclohexanedimethanol group has cis or trans geometric isomers and chair or boat conformational isomers, so even when co-stretched with polyethylene terephthalate, etc., it is less prone to orientation crystallization, resulting in a multilayer laminated film with high reflectivity and even less change in optical properties due to thermal history, and is also preferable in that it can reduce tearing during film formation. From the above viewpoint, it is more preferable that the "polyester containing spiroglycol carboxylate units" is a polycondensate in which the copolymerization amount of cyclohexanedimethanol is 15 mol% or more and 60 mol% or less of the total glycol component.

[0053] Another preferred embodiment includes a polyester in which one thermoplastic resin layer contains polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, and the other thermoplastic resin layer contains cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid units. When polyester copolymerized with spiroglycol or cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid is used, the in-plane average refractive index difference with polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate becomes large, making it easier to obtain a multilayer laminated film with high reflectivity. Furthermore, these copolymerized polyester resins have a small glass transition temperature difference with polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate and excellent interlayer adhesion, making them less prone to overstretching during molding and reducing delamination between layers.

[0054] The in-plane average refractive index difference refers to the difference between the average refractive index (in-plane average refractive index) in the direction of greatest orientation (main orientation axis direction) and the direction perpendicular to this direction within the film plane of the thermoplastic resin layer constituting the infrared reflective layer. For biaxially oriented multilayer laminated films, it usually refers to the difference between the average refractive index in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. The refractive index of the surface layer can be measured, for example, using a prism coupler SPA-400 manufactured by Cylon Technology Co., Ltd., as the refractive index at a measurement laser wavelength of 633 nm. The refractive index of the inner layers can be similarly measured using a sheet manufactured under the same stretching and heat treatment conditions as the multilayer laminated film. In the case of amorphous resins, since the refractive index does not change with stretching, it can also be similarly measured using a sheet press-molded from the resin.

[0055] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the thermoplastic resin layers constituting the infrared reflective layer is a crystalline polyester resin layer, and the other thermoplastic resin layer is an amorphous polyester resin layer. Here, crystalline means that the enthalpy of fusion is 5 J / g or more in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a measurement method that measures the temperature change while applying a constant heat to a reference substance and a sample, captures the thermophysical properties of the sample as a temperature difference, and measures endothermic and exothermic reactions due to changes in the state of the sample. On the other hand, amorphous means that the enthalpy of fusion measured in the same way is less than 5 J / g, or that no melting point is observed. The enthalpy of fusion can be measured and calculated in accordance with JIS-K-7122 (1987).

[0056] Crystalline polyester resins can achieve a higher in-plane average refractive index than in their amorphous state before stretching by undergoing oriented crystallization during the stretching and heat treatment process. On the other hand, amorphous polyester resins can maintain their low in-plane average refractive index by undergoing heat treatment at a temperature far exceeding the glass transition temperature during the heat treatment process, thereby mitigating some of the orientation that occurs during the stretching process. In this way, a refractive index difference can be easily created between crystalline polyester resins and amorphous polyester resins (between layers with different ratios of the two) during the stretching and heat treatment processes in the manufacture of multilayer laminated films, making it easier to increase the reflectivity in the near-infrared band, as described later. From the above viewpoint, it is preferable that the heat of fusion of crystalline polyester in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) be 20 J / g or more. In this case, oriented crystallization can be more strongly achieved during the stretching and heat treatment process, making it easy to create a refractive index difference between amorphous polyester resins and crystalline polyester resins.

[0057] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, it is also preferable that one of the thermoplastic resin layers constituting the infrared reflective layer is a crystalline polyester resin layer, and the other thermoplastic resin layer is a layer of another polyester resin having a melting point 30°C or more lower than the melting point of the crystalline polyester resin. When the difference in melting points of the crystalline polyester resins constituting the two types of thermoplastic resin layers is 30°C or more, by performing heat treatment at a temperature between the melting points of the two, the orientation that causes the relatively lower melting point polyester resin to melt and become amorphous can be mitigated, and as a result it becomes possible to provide an in-plane average refractive index difference between the two types of polyester resins.

[0058] Next, preferred methods for manufacturing multilayer laminated films that can be used in the infrared reflectors of the present invention will be described below, but of course, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Furthermore, the formation of the laminated structure of the multilayer laminated film can be carried out based on the description in sections

[0053] to

[0063] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-307893. The following are examples of methods for manufacturing multilayer laminated films.

[0059] First, the thermoplastic resins to be used in each layer (thermoplastic resins A and B) are prepared in the form of pellets or the like. The pellets are dried in hot air or under vacuum as needed, and then supplied to separate extruders. In each extruder, the thermoplastic resins are heated and melted to a temperature above their melting point, and the extrusion rate is made uniform using a gear pump or the like, while foreign matter and modified resin are removed through a filter or the like. Then, the molten thermoplastic resins are laminated in the desired configuration using a multilayer lamination device (details will be described later), formed into a sheet using a die and extruded, and cooled and solidified on a cooling body such as a casting drum to obtain a casting film. At this time, it is preferable to use electrodes such as wire, tape, needle, or knife to adhere the molten sheet to the cooling body such as a casting drum by electrostatic force and rapidly cool and solidify it. Alternatively, it is also preferable to blow air from a slit-shaped, spot-shaped, or surface-shaped device to adhere it to the cooling body such as a casting drum, or to adhere it to the cooling body using a nip roll.

[0060] When producing a multilayer laminated film made of multiple thermoplastic resins, multiple types of thermoplastic resins are fed from different channels using separate extruders and then into a multilayer lamination apparatus. While multi-manifold dies, feed blocks, and static mixers can be used as the multilayer lamination apparatus, it is particularly preferable to use a feed block containing at least two separate components with numerous fine slits to efficiently obtain the multilayer laminated film for infrared reflectors according to the present invention. Using such a feed block prevents the apparatus from becoming excessively large, resulting in less foreign matter due to thermal degradation and enabling high-precision lamination even with an extremely large number of layers. Furthermore, the lamination accuracy in the width direction is significantly improved compared to conventional techniques. In addition, with this apparatus, the thickness of each layer can be adjusted by the shape (length and width) of the slits, making it easy to achieve any desired layer thickness. The molten multilayer laminate formed in this manner is then guided to a die, and a casting film is obtained as described above.

[0061] Next, it is preferable to biaxially stretch the casting film obtained in this manner. Here, biaxial stretching means stretching in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. Stretching may be performed sequentially in the two directions or simultaneously in the two directions. Furthermore, re-stretching may be performed in the longitudinal direction and / or the width direction. Here, the longitudinal direction refers to the direction in which the film travels during the manufacturing process, and the width direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction within the film surface.

[0062] First, let's explain the case of sequential biaxial stretching. Here, stretching in the longitudinal direction refers to stretching to give the film a longitudinal molecular orientation. This stretching is usually performed by the difference in peripheral speed of the rolls and may be done in one stage or in multiple stages using multiple pairs of rolls. The stretching ratio varies depending on the type of thermoplastic resin, but is usually preferably 2.0 to 15 times, and when polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film, a stretching ratio of 2.0 to 7.0 times is particularly preferred. Furthermore, the stretching temperature (temperature at the end of preheating) is preferably from the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin with the largest weight composition ratio among the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film to that glass transition temperature + 100°C. In addition, the film may be rapidly heated from both sides with a radiation heater during stretching.

[0063] The uniaxially oriented film obtained in this manner may be subjected to surface treatments such as corona treatment, flame treatment, or plasma treatment as needed, and then given functions such as slipperiness, adhesion, and antistatic properties by in-line coating.

[0064] The uniaxially oriented film is then subjected to stretching in the width direction. Stretching in the width direction refers to stretching to give the film a width-direction orientation. Typically, a tenter is used to transport the uniaxially oriented film while gripping both ends in the width direction with multiple clips, and the distance between opposing clips is widened to stretch it in the width direction. The stretching ratio varies depending on the type of thermoplastic resin, but is usually 2.0 to 15 times, and is particularly preferred when polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film. Furthermore, the stretching temperature is preferably from the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin with the largest weight composition ratio among the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film to that glass transition temperature + 120°C.

[0065] To impart flatness and dimensional stability to the biaxially stretched film, it is preferable to subject it to a heat treatment in a tenter between the stretching temperature and the melting point. This heat treatment improves the dimensional stability of the resulting multilayer laminated film. After heat treatment of the biaxially stretched film, it is uniformly cooled slowly, then cooled to room temperature and wound up. Additionally, if necessary, a relaxation treatment may be used in conjunction with the heat treatment and slow cooling process.

[0066] Next, we will explain the case of simultaneous biaxial stretching. In the case of simultaneous biaxial stretching, the obtained casting film may be subjected to surface treatments such as corona treatment, flame treatment, or plasma treatment as needed, and then functions such as slipperiness, adhesion, and antistatic properties may be imparted by in-line coating.

[0067] In simultaneous biaxial stretching, the casting film is guided to a simultaneous biaxial tenter, where it is transported while gripping both ends in the width direction with multiple clips, and stretched simultaneously and / or in stages in the longitudinal and width directions. Simultaneous biaxial stretchers include pantograph type, screw type, drive motor type, and linear motor type, but the drive motor type or linear motor type is preferred because it allows the stretching ratio to be changed arbitrarily and allows for relaxation processing at any point. The stretching ratio varies depending on the type of thermoplastic resin, but usually an area ratio of 6 to 50 times is preferred, and when polyethylene terephthalate is used as one of the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film, an area ratio of 8 to 30 times is particularly preferred. In particular, in the case of simultaneous biaxial stretching, in order to suppress the orientation difference within the plane, it is preferable to make the difference in stretching ratio between the longitudinal and width directions small (preferably the same) and to make the stretching speeds approximately equal. Furthermore, the stretching temperature is preferably from the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin with the largest weight composition ratio among the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film to the glass transition temperature + 120°C.

[0068] The biaxially stretched film is then preferably subjected to further heat treatment at a temperature above the stretching temperature in the tenter and below the melting point of the thermoplastic resin with the largest mass composition ratio among the thermoplastic resins constituting the multilayer laminated film, in order to impart flatness and dimensional stability. During this heat treatment, it is preferable to instantly loosen the film in the longitudinal direction immediately before and / or immediately after entering the heat treatment zone in order to suppress the distribution of the main orientation axis in the width direction. After heat treatment in this manner, the film is uniformly cooled slowly and then cooled to room temperature before being wound up. If necessary, loosening may also be performed in the longitudinal and / or width directions during the slow cooling after heat treatment. Alternatively, instantaneous loosening in the longitudinal direction can be performed immediately before and / or immediately after entering the heat treatment zone.

[0069] The following is an example of a method for manufacturing the photochromic layer. A colored resin composition can be used to manufacture the photochromic layer of the infrared reflector in the present invention. For example, the following method can be used to manufacture the colored resin composition. First, a resin solution containing a resin, a colorant, and optionally an organic solvent is mixed using a disperser to disperse each component and prepare a colorant dispersion with a high concentration of colorant in advance. Then, resin and other components such as an optionally photosensitive agent are added and stirred to obtain a colored resin composition. The solution may also be filtered as needed.

[0070] As dispersers for dispersing each component in the obtained solution, for example, ball mills, bead mills, sand grinders, three-roll mills, and high-speed impact mills can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a bead mill for improved dispersion efficiency and fine dispersion. Examples of bead mills include ball mills, basket mills, pin mills, and dyno mills. Examples of beads for bead mills include titania beads, zirconia beads, and zircon beads.

[0071] In the infrared reflector of the present invention, the light-adjusting layer is preferably a layer formed by curing or drying the above-mentioned colored resin composition. If the colored resin composition contains crosslinkable groups in the resin, it is preferable that the crosslinkable groups are crosslinked by heat and / or light and not substantially remain. Such a light-adjusting layer can be obtained, for example, by forming a coating film of the colored resin composition on the surface of the film before the light-adjusting layer is formed, and then heat-treating it with a hot air oven or the like.

[0072] The colorant content in the colored resin composition is preferably 1% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the total solid components. Here, the solid components refer to the resin and the colorant. By setting the colorant content in the solid components to 1% by mass or more, it is possible to increase the visible light blocking properties while keeping the layer thin. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable that the colorant content in the solid components be 10% by mass or more. On the other hand, by setting the colorant content in the solid components to 60% by mass or less, it is possible to improve the dispersion stability of the colorant and also to suppress the reflection of incident light at the interface between the light-adjusting layer and other layers, thereby further improving near-infrared transmittance. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the colorant content in the total solid components be 40% by mass or less.

[0073] Examples of organic solvents used in colored resin compositions include ethers, acetates, esters, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, amides, and alcohols, which can be used individually or in combination.

[0074] Examples of ethers include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and the like.

[0075] Examples of acetates include butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, cyclohexanol acetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (hereinafter referred to as "PGMEA"), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butyl acetate, 1,4-butanediol diacetate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacetate, and 1,6-hexanediol diacetate.

[0076] Examples of esters include alkyl lactate esters such as methyl 2-hydroxypropionate and ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate; ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl hydroxyacetate, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl propionate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, n-pentyl formate, i-pentyl acetate, n-butyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, n-propyl butyrate, i-propyl butyrate, n-butyl butyrate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, n-propyl pyruvate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and ethyl 2-oxobutanoate.

[0077] Examples of ketones include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, and 3-heptanone. Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include toluene and xylene. Examples of amides include N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0078] Examples of alcohols include butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, and diacetone alcohol.

[0079] Among these, it is preferable that the organic solvent contains acetates in order to further stabilize the dispersion of the colorant. From a similar viewpoint, the content of acetates in the total organic solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and more preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.

[0080] From the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of solid components, the colored resin composition may also preferably contain a polymeric dispersant. A polymeric dispersant is a component that has both a pigment affinity group that chemically bonds to or adsorbs to the pigment surface and a polymer chain or group that is solvent-friendly. In the wet media dispersion treatment described later, the polymeric dispersant improves the wettability of the pigment to the dispersion medium, promotes the deaggregation of the pigment, stabilizes the particle size and viscosity through steric hindrance and / or electrostatic repulsion effects, and further suppresses the occurrence of color separation during storage or application of the colored resin composition.

[0081] Examples of polymeric dispersants include polyester-based polymeric dispersants, acrylic-based polymeric dispersants, polyurethane-based polymeric dispersants, polyallylamine-based polymeric dispersants, carbodiimide-based dispersants, and polyamide-based polymeric dispersants. Among these, acrylic-based polymeric dispersants and polyamide-based polymeric dispersants are more preferred. As for polyamide-based polymeric dispersants, those with a comb-like structure having multiple side chains made of polyester chains are preferred. More specifically, compounds having a main chain with a structure having many nitrogen atoms, such as polyalkyleneimine, and multiple side chains of polyester chains bonded via these nitrogen atoms are preferred. Examples of such comb-like polyamide-based dispersants include "DISPERBYK" (registered trademark) 2200 (manufactured by Bic Chemie), and "SOLSPERSE" (registered trademark) 11200 and 28000 (both manufactured by Lubrizol Inc.).

[0082] Polymeric dispersants are classified into four types: dispersants with an amine value of 1 mgKOH / g or more and an acid value of less than 1 mgKOH / g; dispersants with an acid value of 1 mgKOH / g or more and an amine value of less than 1 mgKOH / g; dispersants with an amine value of 1 mgKOH / g or more and an acid value of 1 mgKOH / g or more; and dispersants with an amine value of less than 1 mgKOH / g and an acid value of less than 1 mgKOH / g. Two or more of these types may be contained. Among these, dispersants with an amine value of 1 mgKOH / g or more are preferred.

[0083] Examples of polymeric dispersants having an amine value of 1 mg KOH / g or more and an acid value of less than 1 mg KOH / g include “DISPERBYK” (registered trademark) 102, 160, 161, 162, 2163, 164, 2164, 166, 167, 168, 2000, 2050, 2150, 2155, 9075, 9077, “BYK” (registered trademark)-LP N6919, “DISPERBYK” (registered trademark)-LP N21116, “DISPERBYK” (registered trademark)-LP Examples include N21234 (all manufactured by Bic Chemie), “EFKA” (registered trademark) 4015, 4020, 4046, 4047, 4050, 4055, 4060, 4080, 4300, 4330, 4340, 4400, 4401, 4402, 4403, 4800 (all manufactured by BASF), “Azisper” (registered trademark) PB711 (manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.), and “SOLSPERSE” (registered trademark) 13240, 13940, 20000, 71000, 76500 (all manufactured by Lubrizol Co., Ltd.).

[0084] Examples of polymeric dispersants having an amine value of 1 mg KOH / g or more and an acid value of 1 mg KOH / g or more include “DISPERBYK” (registered trademark) 142, 145, 2001, 2010, 2020, 2025, 9076, Anti-Terra-205 (all manufactured by Bic Chemie), “SOLSPERSE” (registered trademark) 24000 (manufactured by Lubrizol Co., Ltd.), and “Adisper” (registered trademark). Examples include PB821, PB880, PB881 (all manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.), and “SOLSPERSE” (registered trademark) 9000, 11200, 13650, 24000SC, 24000GR, 32000, 32500, 32550, 326000, 33000, 34750, 35100, 35200, 37500, 39000, and 56000 (manufactured by Lubrizol Co., Ltd.).

[0085] From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the solid components, the content of the polymer dispersant is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, per 100 parts by mass of the total colorant. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance and adhesion of the colored film, the content of the polymer dispersant is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 60 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the total colorant.

[0086] The colored resin composition may contain a thermal crosslinking agent. The inclusion of a thermal crosslinking agent can improve the strength of the final coating film. Examples of thermal crosslinking agents include compounds having two or more alkoxymethyl groups and / or methylol groups, and compounds having two or more epoxy groups. Two or more of these may be included.

[0087] Furthermore, the colored resin composition may contain a leveling agent. Including a leveling agent can improve the coatability and surface smoothness of the colored layer. Examples of leveling agents include anionic surfactants such as ammonium lauryl sulfate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate triethanolamine; cationic surfactants such as stearylamine acetate and lauryltrimethylammonium chloride; amphoteric surfactants such as lauryldimethylamine oxide and laurylcarboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolium betaine; nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and sorbitan monostearate; silicone-based surfactants with polydimethylsiloxane as the main skeleton; and fluorine-based surfactants. Two or more of these may be included. Examples of commercially available surfactants include "BYK"(registered trademark)-302, "BYK"(registered trademark)-333, "BYK"(registered trademark)-3550, and "BYK"(registered trademark)-392 (all manufactured by Bic Chemie).

[0088] The colored resin composition can be imparted with photosensitivity by containing an alkali-soluble resin as the resin and further containing a photosensitive agent. It may have so-called negative-type photosensitivity, where the alkali solubility of the exposed area is reduced by pattern exposure through an exposure mask, and the unexposed area is removed with an alkaline developer to form a pattern, or it may have so-called positive-type photosensitivity, where the alkali solubility of the exposed area is made higher than that of the unexposed area by pattern exposure through an exposure mask, and the exposed area is removed with an alkaline developer to form a pattern.

[0089] The light-adjusting layer is preferably a printed layer, a hard coat layer, a polymer layer, or an adhesive layer. Methods for forming the printed layer include screen printing, offset printing, pad printing, letterpress printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing. Methods for forming the hard coat layer include applying a coating agent in which pigments or dyes are dispersed using gravure coating, roll coating, reverse roll coating, roll doctor coating, bar coating, curtain flow coating, die coating, spin coating, air doctor coating, etc. Methods for forming the polymer layer include laminating polymer films in which pigments or dyes are dispersed, and these methods include insert molding and methods using adhesives such as wet lamination, dry lamination, hot melt lamination, and tape lamination. Methods for forming the adhesive layer include wet lamination, dry lamination, and hot melt lamination.

[0090] For forming the adhesive layer used in tape lamination and the like, methods such as using a dispersed pigment or dye, or providing a primer layer (adhesion promoting layer) containing dispersed pigment or dye, are possible. Methods for forming the primer layer include applying a coating agent containing dispersed pigment or dye using gravure coat, roll coat, reverse roll coat, roll doctor coat, bar coat, curtain flow coat, die coat, spin coat, air doctor coat, etc. Furthermore, it is preferable that the primer layer contains polymers such as acrylic resin, polyester resin, and urethane resin, crosslinking agents such as melamine-based crosslinking agents, oxazoline-based crosslinking agents, carbodiimide-based crosslinking agents, isocyanate-based crosslinking agents, aziridine-based crosslinking agents, and epoxy-based crosslinking agents, as well as inorganic particles such as silica particles.

[0091] The following describes some examples of the configuration of an infrared reflector, with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 to 5 are schematic diagrams showing cross-sections in the thickness direction of an infrared reflector according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, the infrared reflector 1 of the present invention can be configured as shown in Figure 1, consisting only of a light-adjusting layer 2 and an infrared reflective layer 3; as shown in Figure 2, a transparent substrate 4, a light-adjusting layer 2, and an infrared reflective layer 3 arranged in that order; or as shown in Figure 3, a transparent substrate 4, an infrared reflective layer 3, and a light-adjusting layer 2 arranged in that order. By using configurations like those in Figures 2 and 3, the infrared reflector can be given support and its durability can be improved. In other words, it is preferable that the infrared reflector of the present invention includes a configuration in which a transparent substrate, a light-adjusting layer, and an infrared reflective layer are arranged in that order, or a configuration in which a transparent substrate, an infrared reflective layer, and a light-adjusting layer are arranged in that order.

[0092] Furthermore, in the configurations shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the light-adjusting layer 2 is on the outdoor side and the infrared reflective layer 3 is on the indoor side, in the configuration of Figure 2, heat rays from the outdoors pass through the transparent substrate 4 before reaching the infrared reflective layer, and a portion of the heat rays are absorbed by the transparent substrate 4. In contrast, in the configuration of Figure 3, the heat rays are reflected by the infrared reflective layer 3 before reaching the transparent substrate 4, suppressing the absorption of heat rays by the transparent substrate 4, thus improving heat shielding performance. From this viewpoint, the configuration of Figure 3 is more preferable.

[0093] Furthermore, the phrase "a configuration in which a transparent substrate, a light-adjusting layer, and an infrared reflective layer are arranged in this order" means that the transparent substrate, the light-adjusting layer, and the infrared reflective layer are positioned in this order, regardless of whether there are layers between the transparent substrate and the light-adjusting layer, or between the light-adjusting layer and the infrared reflective layer (the arrangement of components can be interpreted similarly below). A transparent substrate refers to a material that has the ability to transmit visible light. Here, transmitting visible light means having the ability to transmit light with wavelengths of 380 to 700 nm, and more specifically, the average transmittance of light with wavelengths of 380 to 700 nm is 5% or more.

[0094] Furthermore, the infrared reflector of the present invention may also include a configuration in which a transparent substrate 1 (reference numeral 4), an adhesive layer 1 (reference numeral 5), a light-adjusting layer 2, an infrared reflecting layer 3, an adhesive layer 2 (reference numeral 6), and a transparent substrate 2 (reference numeral 7) are arranged in this order, as shown in Figure 4. By using a configuration like that shown in Figure 4, the support of the infrared reflector can be further improved, and its durability can be further enhanced. Note that the transparent substrate and adhesive layer may have the same composition or different compositions.

[0095] Examples of materials that can be used as the transparent substrate in the infrared reflectors of each of the above embodiments include, for example, glass, and polypropylene, polymethylpentene and its copolymers, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer. Examples of adhesive layers include vinyl acetate resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer 20 series, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl ether, nitrile rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, natural rubbers, chloroprene rubbers, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, acrylic resins, celluloses, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic acid esters, polyisobutylene, and other resins.

[0096] The above adhesive layer may contain adhesive modifiers, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, lubricants, colorants, crosslinking agents, etc. The pre-processing form of these adhesive layers may be liquid, gel, lump, powder, or film. More preferably, the adhesive material is a vinyl-based adhesive with high conformability to transparent materials and excellent processability. Even more preferably, it is a polyvinyl acetal-based adhesive with a small refractive index difference with glass and excellent adhesion, with polyvinyl butyral resin being particularly preferred.

[0097] Furthermore, the infrared reflector of the present invention may also be configured such that a hard coat layer 8 is located on the outermost layer of one or both sides, as shown in Figure 5 (the embodiment shown in Figure 5 has hard coat layers on the outermost layers of both sides). By providing a hard coat layer 8 on the outermost layer of one or both sides, the scratch resistance and weather resistance of the surface of the infrared reflector can be improved. Examples of materials that can be used for the hard coat layer include urethane acrylate having a crosslinked structure.

[0098] Furthermore, the transparent substrate, adhesive layer, and hard coat layer may contain heat absorbers such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimond-doped tin oxide (ATO), lanthanum hexaboride, and tungsten cesium oxide (CWO) for the purpose of providing the infrared reflector with further heat shielding properties.

[0099] An infrared reflector like the one shown in the example above can be obtained by manufacturing an infrared reflective layer and a light-adjusting layer according to the manufacturing method described later, and then bonding them to a transparent substrate. Various molding methods can be used for bonding, such as lamination, vacuum forming, pressure forming, and combined vacuum and pressure forming. In this case, if the transparent substrate is bonded to the infrared reflective layer side, an infrared reflector like the one in Figure 2 can be obtained, and if it is bonded to the light-adjusting layer side, an infrared reflector like the one in Figure 3 can be obtained. Alternatively, by bonding one of the two transparent substrates to the light-adjusting layer side and then bonding the other transparent substrate to the infrared reflective layer side, an infrared reflector like the one in Figure 4 can be obtained. Furthermore, after manufacturing the infrared reflective layer and the light-adjusting layer, an infrared reflector like the one in Figure 5 can be obtained by forming a hard coat layer on one or both sides. Methods for forming the hard coat include, for example, applying a hard coat forming coating agent in which pigments or dyes are dispersed using gravure coating or bar coating, and then curing the hard coat layer by UV irradiation or heat treatment. As the hard coat layer, for example, a urethane acrylate layer having a cross-linked structure can be used.

[0100] The infrared reflector of the present invention can be used in components such as roofs and windows of transportation equipment and buildings. In other words, the transportation equipment and windows of the present invention are equipped with the infrared reflector of the present invention. Preferred examples of transportation equipment include automobiles, railway vehicles, and aircraft. In particular, automobiles equipped with the infrared reflector of the present invention on the roof are preferred. In particular, when mounted on a vehicle, it is preferable that the light-adjusting layer is located on the outside of the vehicle and the infrared-reflecting layer is located on the inside of the vehicle. In other words, the vehicle of the present invention is equipped with the window of the present invention, with the light-adjusting layer located on the outside of the vehicle and the infrared-reflecting layer located on the inside of the vehicle. By having the light-adjusting layer located on the outside of the vehicle, it is possible to suppress changes in the appearance color when the vehicle is viewed from the outside.

[0101] The infrared reflector of the present invention can be used as a component of a solar cell module, and the solar cell module of the present invention will be described below. The solar cell module of the present invention is equipped with the infrared reflector of the present invention, and the power generation layer, the light regulating layer, and the infrared reflector layer are arranged in this order from the side facing the incident sunlight. Here, the power generation layer is a layer that generates electricity using sunlight, and is composed of, for example, a battery cell such as a silicone-based or perovskite-based cell, a encapsulant such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and metal wiring. In the solar cell module of the present invention, "the power generation layer, the light regulating layer, and the infrared reflector layer are arranged in this order from the side facing the incident sunlight" refers to all embodiments in which the power generation layer, the light regulating layer, and the infrared reflector layer are arranged in this order, regardless of whether there are other layers in between.

[0102] Below, several examples of the configuration of a solar cell module including an infrared reflector will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section in the thickness direction of a known solar cell module, and Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section in the thickness direction of a solar cell module according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a solar cell module 9 in which the power generation layer 10 and the ink layer 11 are located from the sunlight incident surface side.

[0103] In recent years, attempts have been made to increase power generation by attaching solar cell modules to buildings and other structures, and in such cases, a black appearance is preferred from an aesthetic standpoint. Therefore, black materials such as CB and ITO are often added to the ink layer 11 in Figure 6 to make it black. However, because these materials absorb infrared rays, they absorb infrared rays contained in the sunlight 12 that are not absorbed by the power generation layer 10, causing heat generation and heat accumulation, which reduces the power generation efficiency and durability of the solar cell module.

[0104] On the other hand, the solar cell module according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 7 is a solar cell module 9 in which the power generation layer 10, the light-adjusting layer 2, and the infrared reflective layer 3 are located from the incident surface side of sunlight 12. With such a configuration, the light-adjusting layer 2 transmits infrared rays contained in sunlight 12 that have passed through the power generation layer 10 without absorbing them, thus reducing the heat generated by the solar cell module due to the aforementioned mechanism. Such a solar cell module further includes an infrared reflective layer 3, which reflects the infrared rays that have passed through the power generation layer 10 and the light-adjusting layer 2 back towards the power generation layer 10. Therefore, these reflected infrared rays contribute to power generation in the power generation layer 10, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell can be improved. In addition, with such a solar cell module, the aforementioned coloration of reflection can also be suppressed. Furthermore, it is conceivable to reflect visible light with the infrared reflective layer 3 in order to increase the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module, but since reflecting visible light may cause appearance defects such as glare on the solar cell module, it is desirable for the infrared reflective layer 3 to transmit visible light.

[0105] Figures 8-10 are schematic diagrams showing cross-sections in the thickness direction of a solar cell module using the infrared reflector of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 8 shows a configuration in which the power generation layer 10, infrared reflecting layer 3, and light-modulating layer 2 are arranged in this order from the incident surface side of sunlight 12; Figure 9 shows a configuration in which the light-modulating layer 2, infrared reflecting layer 3, and power generation layer 10 are arranged in this order from the incident surface side of sunlight 12; and Figure 10 shows a configuration in which the infrared reflecting layer 3, light-modulating layer 2, and power generation layer 10 are arranged from the incident surface side of sunlight 12.

[0106] As a solar cell module 9 using the infrared reflector of the present invention, the embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 10 are also conceivable. However, in the embodiment of Figure 8, the light-adjusting layer 2 cannot absorb the reflected light from the infrared reflecting layer 3, and the aforementioned coloration due to reflected light cannot be suppressed. In the embodiment of Figure 9, although the coloration due to reflected light can be suppressed, the sunlight 12 is absorbed by the light-adjusting layer 2 before reaching the power generation layer 10 and reflected by the infrared reflecting layer 3. As a result, the amount of sunlight 12 reaching the power generation layer 10 decreases, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 9 decreases. For similar reasons, in the embodiment of Figure 10, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module decreases, and since the light-adjusting layer 2 cannot absorb the reflected light from the infrared reflecting layer 3, the aforementioned coloration due to reflected light cannot be suppressed. [Examples]

[0107] The infrared reflector of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. However, the infrared reflector of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0108] [Methods for measuring physical properties and evaluating their effects] The method for measuring the characteristics and evaluating the effects is as follows. Furthermore, the measurement position for each item, where light is incident, was set to the centroid of the infrared reflector.

[0109] (1) Number of layers, surface layer thickness, and internal layer thickness of a multilayer laminated film The number of layers, surface layer thickness, and internal layer thickness were confirmed by observing the cross-sections of multilayer laminated film samples, which were cut parallel to the thickness direction (perpendicular to the film surface) using a microtome, with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cross-sectional images were taken using a JEM1400Plus transmission electron microscope (TEM) (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) at an acceleration voltage of 100kV and an observation magnification of 40,000x. The number of layers and surface layer thickness were observed and measured using the obtained TEM images with the image processing software Image-Pro ver.10. For image analysis, the relationship between the average brightness of the region between two lines—the thickness direction position and the width direction—was read as numerical data in vertical thick profile mode, and a 5-point moving average was applied to the position (nm) and brightness data using the spreadsheet software "Excel" (registered trademark) (Microsoft Office 365 version 2202). Furthermore, the obtained data showing periodically changing brightness was differentiated, and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the derivative curve were read using a VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) program. The layer thickness was calculated by taking the interval between adjacent values ​​as the thickness of one layer. This operation was performed for each image, and by calculating the layer thickness for all layers, the layer thickness inside the multilayer laminated film was determined.

[0110] (2) Saturation C * R A Hitachi, Ltd. U-4100 Spectrophotometer was fitted with an angle-adjustable reflection unit and a GranTerra polarizer. Light with wavelengths of 380-1400 nm was incident on an infrared reflector sample from the photochromic layer side, with the angle of incidence (angle with the surface normal) set to θ = 60°. The reflectance in the wavelength range of 380-1400 nm was measured in 1 nm increments. The resulting reflection spectrum at an incidence angle of 60°, the spectral distribution of the C light source, and the XYZ values ​​under the C light source were used, along with the XYZ color matching functions, to determine the reflectance chrominance C. * Calculate the value and use it as the saturation C * RThis was done (JIS Z 8701 1999). In Comparative Example 2, which does not have a photochromic layer, the incident surface was arbitrary (the same treatment was applied to the incident surface hereafter).

[0111] (3) Average transmittance T, average reflectance R, and Abs in the wavelength band of 800-1400 nm. Using the same method as described above for the spectroscopic measurements, the average transmittance T and average reflectance R of light in the 800-1400 nm wavelength range were calculated using the spectral spectrum obtained when light was incident on the light-adjusting layer side of the infrared reflector from the normal direction to its surface (incident angle 0°). Subsequently, the average absorptance Abs was calculated based on Equation 1. In the same manner, the average reflectance R' was defined as the average reflectance when light was incident on the multilayer laminated film side of the infrared reflector from the normal direction to its surface. As mentioned above, if R' was 5% or more, the infrared reflector was considered to have an infrared reflective layer. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR (4) When light is incident from the infrared reflection layer side, the short wavelength edge λ of the reflected light at an incident angle of 0°, the short wavelength edge λ' of the reflected light at an incident angle of 60°, and the average absorption rate Abs of the wavelength band from λ to λ' at an incident angle of 0° (λ~λ’)0° The average absorption rate (Abs) in the wavelength band λ~λ' at an incident angle of 60°. (λ~λ’)60° Using the same method as described above for the spectroscopic measurements, the reflectance in the 380-1400 nm wavelength range at an incident angle of 0° was measured from the infrared reflective layer side of the infrared reflector. In the main reflection band (the widest reflection band) of the obtained reflection spectrum, the shortest wavelength at which the reflectance was 50% or less was defined as λ. λ' was determined similarly when measured at an incident angle of 60°. Subsequently, the average absorption rate (Abs) in the wavelength range from λ to λ' at an incident angle of 0° was calculated. (λ~λ’)0° This was calculated from Equation 2 below. In Equation 2, T is the average transmittance in the wavelength range λ to λ' when light is incident from the dimming layer side at an incident angle of 0°. (λ~λ’)0° , the average reflectance is R (λ~λ’)0° The average absorption rate Abs at an incident angle of 60° was determined. (λ~λ’)60°It was also calculated from the following formula (3). In formula (3), T is the average transmittance in the wavelength band of λ to λ' when light is incident at an incident angle of 60° from the dimming layer side. (λ~λ’)60° , and R is the average reflectance. (λ~λ’)60° . Formula (2): Abs (λ~λ’)0° = 100 - T (λ~λ’)0° - R (λ~λ’)0° Formula (3): Abs (λ~λ´)60° = 100 - T (λ~λ´)60° - R (λ~λ´)60° .

[0112] (5) Average light absorption rate Abs of the dimming layer in the wavelength band of 380 to 700 nm at incident angles of 0° and 60° (Tv)0° and Abs (Tv)60° In the same manner as the above spectroscopic measurement, light was incident from the dimming layer side, and the average absorption rate Abs in the wavelength band of 380 to 700 nm at an incident angle of 0° was calculated from the following formula (4). In formula (4), T is the average transmittance in the wavelength band of 380 to 700 nm when light is incident at an incident angle of 0° from the dimming layer side, (Tv)0° and R is the average reflectance. The average absorption rate Abs at an incident angle of 60° (Tv)0° was also calculated from the following formula (5) in the same manner. In formula (5), T is the average transmittance in the wavelength band of 380 to 700 nm when light is incident at an incident angle of 60° from the dimming layer side, (Tv)0° and R is the average reflectance. As described above, if Abs (λ~λ´)60° is 5% or more, the infrared reflector was considered to have a dimming layer. (Tv)60° , and R is the average reflectance. (Tv)60° As described above, if Abs (Tv)0° is 5% or more, the infrared reflector was considered to have a dimming layer. Formula (4): Abs (Tv)0° = 100 - T (Tv)0° - R (Tv)0° Formula (5): Abs (Tv)60° = 100 - T (Tv)60° - R (Tv)60° .

[0113] (6) Chroma C * T Using the standard configuration (solid-state measurement system) of the Hitachi, Ltd. U-4100 Spectrophotometer, the transmission spectrum at an incident angle of 0°, the spectral distribution of the C light source, and the XYZ color matching functions of the XYZ system were used to determine the XYZ values ​​under the C light source, and the chrominance C was calculated using the XYZ values. * The values ​​were calculated (JIS Z 8701 1999).

[0114] (7) Lightness L * Using the standard configuration (solid-state measurement system) of the Hitachi, Ltd. U-4100 Spectrophotometer, the transmission spectrum at an incident angle of 0°, the spectral distribution of the C light source, and the XYZ color matching functions of the XYZ system were used to determine the XYZ values ​​under the C light source, and the lightness L was calculated using the XYZ values. * The values ​​were calculated (JIS Z 8701 1999). The measurements were performed by positioning the sample so that light was incident from the photochromic layer side of the infrared reflector.

[0115] (8) Performance evaluation of infrared reflectors The performance of the infrared reflectors fabricated using the method described below was evaluated for each item according to the following procedure and criteria, with a rating of B or higher being considered a pass. For the evaluation of obliquely reflected colored infrared reflectors, the infrared reflector was placed horizontally with the dimming layer side facing upwards, and the color was observed visually in an arrangement where the angle between the horizontal plane and the observation point was 60°. For the evaluation of transmitted colored infrared reflectors, the infrared reflector was placed between the observation point and the white light bulb so that the line connecting the observation point and the white light bulb was perpendicular to the surface of the infrared reflector, and the color of the light from the white light bulb passing through the infrared reflector was observed.

[0116] (With oblique reflection color) A: I could barely see any color. B: A slight discoloration was visible, but it didn't pose any practical problems. C: The color was so strong that it posed practical problems.

[0117] (IR transparency) The average light absorption rate (Abs) of the sample in the 800-1400 nm wavelength range was calculated using the method described in (3) above, and evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The average light absorption rate (Abs) of the sample in the 800-1400 nm wavelength range was 5% or less. B: The average light absorption rate (Abs) of the sample in the 800-1400 nm wavelength range was greater than 5% and less than or equal to 30%. C: The average light absorption rate (Abs) of the sample in the 800-1400 nm wavelength range was greater than 30%.

[0118] (Heat-shielding properties) Samples were prepared by laminating an infrared reflective layer and a photochromic layer. The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the samples was measured according to ISO 13837:2008 "Road vehicles - Safety glazing materials - Method for measuring sunlight transmittance," and evaluated on a three-point scale, with B or higher being considered good. The incident surface for measurement was the photochromic layer side. A: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 0% and less than or equal to 40%. B: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 40% and less than or equal to 45%. C: The total energy transmittance (Tts) of the sample was greater than 45%.

[0119] (With transparent color) A: I could barely see any color. B: A very slight discoloration was visible, but it did not pose any practical problems. C: The color was so strong that it posed practical problems.

[0120] (Blackness) The lightness L of the sample calculated by the method described in (7) above * The following criteria were used for evaluation. A: L of the reflected light of the sample * The value was greater than 0 and less than or equal to 28. B: L of the reflected light of the sample * The value was greater than 28 and less than or equal to 30. C: L of the reflected light of the sample* It was greater than 30.

[0121] (9) Performance evaluation of solar cell modules For solar cell modules fabricated using the method described below, the coloration due to obliquely reflected light, power generation efficiency, and heat suppression performance were evaluated according to the following procedure and criteria. The coloration due to obliquely reflected light was evaluated by visually observing the light-irradiated surface of the solar cell module from a position where the angle between the line connecting the eye and the observation point and the light-irradiated surface was 60°, and the coloration was evaluated according to the following criteria. Power generation efficiency and heat suppression performance were evaluated by horizontally installing the solar cell module, attaching the measurement electrode of a voltage data logger (GRAPHTEC GL240) to the power generation layer, and irradiating it with light from a simulated sunlight lamp (Ushio Inc. UXL-10PRS) at a height of 30 centimeters, and measuring the generated voltage and surface temperature according to the following criteria. The configuration of the solar cell module is shown in Table 2, and the light was irradiated perpendicularly to the solar cell module surface from the incident surface side of sunlight 12, as shown in Figures 7-10.

[0122] (Colored by obliquely reflected light) A: The color was barely visible, or only slightly visible, but there were no practical problems. B: The color was so strong that it posed practical problems.

[0123] (Power generation efficiency) A: The generated voltage was 7V or higher. B: The generated voltage was less than 7V.

[0124] (Heat suppression performance) A: The surface temperature of the solar cell module was 55°C or lower. B: The surface temperature of the solar cell module was higher than 55°C.

[0125] [Components used in the manufacture of multilayer laminated films] The multilayer laminated films used in each example were manufactured using a combination of the following thermoplastic resins. In addition, the following other components and coatings were used. Crystallinity and amorphousness were determined according to JIS K7122 (2012). The resin was heated from 25°C to 300°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min (1st RUN), held at that temperature for 5 minutes, then rapidly cooled to below 25°C, and then heated again from room temperature to 300°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min. The enthalpy of fusion (ΔHm) was determined from the peak area of ​​the melting peak in the differential scanning calorimetry chart of the 2nd RUN. Thermoplastic resins showing ΔHm of 5 J / g or more were classified as crystalline thermoplastic resins, and thermoplastic resins showing ΔHm of less than 5 J / g were classified as amorphous thermoplastic resins.

[0126] (thermoplastic resin) Resin 1: A crystalline polyethylene naphthalate copolymerized with 4 mol% polyethylene glycol having a glass transition temperature of 97°C, a melting point of 254°C, and an enthalpy of fusion of 33 J / g, with a molecular weight of 400. Resin 2: An amorphous polyethylene terephthalate resin copolymerized with 33 mol% cyclohexanedimethanol, exhibiting a glass transition temperature of 79°C. The melting point was not observed. Resin 3: A crystalline polyethylene terephthalate resin with a glass transition temperature of 81°C, a melting point of 254°C, and an enthalpy of fusion of 38 J / g.

[0127] (Water-based coating material) A material was prepared by mixing polyester resin 1 (100 parts by mass), reactive compound 1 (30 parts by mass), and reactive compound 2 (30 parts by mass). To this material, 0.5 parts by mass of silica colloidal particles with a particle size of 100 nm were added to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, which is the mixture of the resin and the compounds. After adjusting the solid content concentration with water as the solvent to 5 parts by mass, 0.03 parts by mass of surfactant was added to 100 parts by mass of the total water and mixed to obtain a paint composition. <Polyester resin 1> An aqueous dispersion of polyester resin having the copolymer composition shown below was obtained by the following procedure. The components shown in the copolymer composition below, along with 0.1 parts of potassium titanium oxalate as a catalyst, were added to a reactor and heated to 200°C while stirring under atmospheric pressure and a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, the reaction temperature was gradually increased to 250°C over 4 hours to complete the transesterification reaction. 15 parts by mass of this polyester resin and 85 parts by mass of water were added to a dissolution tank and dispersed under stirring at a temperature of 80-95°C for 2 hours to obtain a 15% aqueous dispersion of polyester resin. Copolymer composition: • Dicarboxylic acid components 2,6-Dimethyl naphthalenedicarboxylate: 88 mol% Dimethyl sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate: 12 mol% • Diol components Compound obtained by adding 2 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of bisphenol S: 86 mole% 1,3-Propanediol: 14 mol% <Other ingredients> Reactive compound 1: Carbodiimide aqueous crosslinking agent (Nisshinbo Chemical Inc. "Carbodilite" (registered trademark) V-04) Reactive compound 2: Oxazoline-containing polymer aqueous dispersion ("Epocross" (registered trademark) WS-500, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.). Surfactant: "Pluscoat" (registered trademark) RY-2, manufactured by Go-o Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0128] [Manufacturing of multilayer laminated films] A multilayer laminated film was prepared according to the following method. Resin 1 and Resin 2 were used as the thermoplastic resins constituting the A and B layers, respectively, of the multilayer laminated film. Each of the prepared thermoplastic resins was separately fed into two twin-screw extruders in pellet form and melted and kneaded at 280°C. The kneading conditions were set so that the screw rotation speed was 0.7 relative to the discharge volume. Next, after removing foreign matter etc. through five FSS-type leaf disc filters, the mixtures were metered using a gear pump and combined in a feed block with 401 slits heated to 280°C to form a 401-layer molten laminate with a regular arrangement in which the A and B layers are alternately stacked in the thickness direction, and both surface layers are the A layer. After that, the molten laminate that passed through the feed block was supplied to a T-die to be formed into a sheet and extruded, and then rapidly cooled and solidified on a casting drum where the surface temperature was maintained at 25°C while applying an electrostatic voltage of 8kV with a wire to obtain a laminated cast sheet. The obtained laminated cast sheet was heated in a roll group set to 70-85°C, then rapidly heated from both sides of the film with a radiation heater over a stretching section length of 100 mm, stretched 3.5 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal stretching), and then cooled. Subsequently, the above-mentioned water-based coating agent, which forms a smooth layer, was coated on both sides of the obtained uniaxially oriented film with #4 metabar to form a transparent, smooth, and easily adhesive layer. Furthermore, this uniaxially laminated film was guided to a tenter, preheated with hot air at 100°C, and then stretched 4.3 times in the width direction (lateral stretching) at a temperature of 110°C to achieve a maximum stretching speed of 9% / sec. Immediately after lateral stretching, the biaxially oriented film was heat-set with hot air at 200°C, and after a 1.6% relaxation treatment in the width direction during a cooling process at a cooling temperature of 100°C, it was slowly cooled to room temperature and wound up. In this process, no further stretching was performed during heat setting in the width direction, nor during the process of slow cooling to room temperature. The resulting multilayer laminated film had a thickness of 80 μm. The number of layers was adjusted by the number of slits in the feed block, and the thickness remained 80 μm even when the number of layers increased.

[0129] [Manufacturing of coating agents for light-regulating layer formation] (Manufacturing of paint A) 120g of GLS IR BLACK (Teikoku Ink Mfg. Co., Ltd.) as a black pigment, 171g of a 35% by mass solution of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) of acrylic resin (P-1) obtained by the following manufacturing method, 20g of polyamide-based polymer dispersant "DISPERBYK" (registered trademark) 2200 (BYK-2200) as a polymer dispersant, and 689g of PGMEA were placed in a tank and stirred for 20 minutes with a homomixer to obtain a preliminary dispersion. The obtained preliminary dispersion was supplied to a Kotobuki Kogyo Co., Ltd. Ultra Apex Mill UAM015 disperser equipped with a centrifugal separator filled with 75% by volume of zirconia beads with a bead diameter of 1.0 mmφ, and dispersion was carried out at a rotation speed of 8 m / s for 90 minutes to obtain a colorant dispersion DP-1 with a solid content concentration of 31% by mass and a colorant / (resin + polymer dispersant) (weight ratio) = 40 / 60. To 27.08 g of a colorant dispersion (DP-1), 29.83 g of a 35% by mass solution of acrylic polymer (P-1) with PGMEA, 8.74 g of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) as a polyfunctional monomer, 0.4 g of KBM5103 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an adhesion improver, and 0.3 g of a 10% by mass solution of the silicone-based surfactant "BYK" (registered trademark) 333 (manufactured by BY Chemie Inc.) with PGMEA dissolved in 33.65 g of PGMEA were added to obtain paint A, which had a total solids concentration of 25% by mass and a colorant content of 21 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of total solids.

[0130] (Manufacturing of acrylic resin (P-1)) A methyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid / styrene copolymer (mass ratio 30 / 40 / 30) was synthesized by the method described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent No. 3120476. 100 parts by weight of the obtained copolymer was mixed with 40 parts by weight of glycidyl methacrylate, reprecipitation with purified water, filtration, and drying to obtain an alkali-soluble acrylic resin (P-1) with a weight-average molecular weight of 15,000 and an acid value of 110 mgKOH / g. The acid value of the acrylic resin was defined as the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of the acrylic resin (mg) (unit: mgKOH / g), and the weight-average molecular weight was measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) "HLC-8220GPC" (test apparatus manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), with tetrahydrofuran as the carrier, and measured in polystyrene equivalent.

[0131] (Manufacturing of paint B) Paint B was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that MRX IR BLACK (Teikoku Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) was used as the black pigment instead of GLS-HF919 Sumi (Teikoku Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd.).

[0132] (Manufacturing of paint C) Paint C was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that TABK-4700 (Toray Industries, Inc.) was used as the black pigment instead of GLS-HF919 Sumi (Teikoku Ink Mfg. Co., Ltd.).

[0133] (Manufacturing of paint D) Paint D was obtained in the same manner as in Manufacturing Example 1, except that IRBK-0001 (Tokushiki Co., Ltd.) was used as the black pigment instead of GLS-HF919 Sumi (Teikoku Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd.).

[0134] (Manufacturing of paint E) DPHA (dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate), potassium tert-butoxide, and a photoinitiator (BASF Japan's "IRGACURE" (registered trademark) 184) were mixed in a mass ratio of 99:1:1 and adjusted to a solid content concentration of 20% by mass with MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This mixture was then mixed with tungsten cesium oxide particles (Cs). 0.33A slurry of WO3 with a solid content concentration of 30% by mass was mixed so that the mass ratio of the solid content was 90:10 to obtain coating agent E.

[0135] (Manufacturing of paint F) Paint F was obtained in the same manner as coating agent E, except that tin-doped indium oxide particles were used instead of cesium tungsten oxide particles.

[0136] [Method for forming a light-adjusting layer] The multilayer laminated film obtained above was cut to A4 size, and one of the paints A to F obtained by the above method was coated onto its surface using a wire bar coater. Then, it was dried in a hot air oven at 80°C for 2 minutes to form a light-adjusting layer. The thickness of the light-adjusting layer was adjusted by controlling the amount of paint applied by changing the groove depth of the wire bar. Alternatively, the adhesive layer 1 described below was placed on the surface of the multilayer laminated film, and after bonding at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min, the release film was peeled off to form the light-adjusting layer. Adhesive layer 1: Smoke OCA, 13% light transmission, manufactured by Lintec Corporation, special function OA (MO-T015) Release film: Silicone-based polyester film, manufactured by Lintec Corporation (PET38).

[0137] [Manufacturing of coating G for hard coat layer formation] Paint G was obtained by mixing DPHA (dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate), potassium tert-butoxide, and a photoinitiator (BASF Japan's "IRGACURE" (registered trademark) 184) in a mass ratio of 99:1:1, and then adjusting the solid content to 20% with MEK (methyl ethyl ketone).

[0138] [Method for forming a hard coat layer] The multilayer laminated film with the light-adjusting layer obtained above was cut to A4 size, and coating agent G was applied to one of the surfaces using a wire bar coater, after which it was dried in a hot air oven at 80°C for 2 minutes. After that, ultraviolet light at 300 mJ / cm² was applied using a UV irradiation device. 2A hard coat layer with a thickness of 5 μm was formed by curing the coating film by irradiation. The thickness of the hard coat was adjusted by controlling the amount of coating agent A applied based on the groove depth of the wire bar. When forming a hard coat on both sides, the hard coat layer was formed on one surface, and then the same coating and UV irradiation treatment with the above-mentioned coating agent was performed on the opposite surface.

[0139] [Fabrication of infrared reflective material] An infrared reflective component was fabricated using LAMINATOR0303S manufactured by Nisshinbo Co., Ltd., as described in the following bonding method. A transparent flat glass sheet measuring 100 mm wide x 100 mm long x 3 mm thick was used, and the multilayer laminated film with the light-adjusting layer and the adhesive layer were cut to 100 mm wide x 100 mm long. One of the following was used for the adhesive layer.

[0140] [Lamination method] (Adhesive layer used for bonding) Adhesive layer 2: Clear OCA, 90% transmittance, manufactured by Tomoegawa Paper Co., Ltd., Optical transparent adhesive (TD06) Adhesive layer 3: NIR-cut OCA, 80% transmittance, manufactured by Tomoegawa Paper Co., Ltd., optical transparent adhesive (CA).

[0141] (Internal bonding) The light-adjusting layer side of the multilayer laminated film was placed on the adhesive layer side, and the transparent glass plate, adhesive layer, and multilayer laminated film were stacked in that order and bonded together at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min. The adhesive layer used was the adhesive layer 2 described above. The transparent glass plate meets the requirement of having an average transmittance of 5% or more for light with wavelengths of 380 to 700 nm (the same applies to glass used in other methods below).

[0142] (External bonding) The multilayer laminated film with the light-adjusting layer was placed with the side opposite to the light-adjusting layer facing the adhesive layer. The transparent glass plate, adhesive layer, and multilayer laminated film were then layered and bonded together at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min. The adhesive layer used was the adhesive layer described above (adhesive layer 2).

[0143] (Bonding) A transparent glass plate, an adhesive layer, a light-adjusting layer formed on a multilayer laminated film, an adhesive layer, and a transparent glass plate were arranged in that order, stacked, and bonded at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min. The adhesive layer used was the adhesive layer 2 described above.

[0144] (Heat-containing adhesive) A hard coat layer was formed on both sides of a multilayer laminated film having a light-adjusting layer, using the hard coat formation method described above.

[0145] (Laminated with heat-absorbing material) The infrared reflective layer side of the multilayer laminated film with the light-adjusting layer was placed on the adhesive layer side, and the transparent glass plate, adhesive layer, and multilayer laminated film were stacked in that order and bonded together at a roll temperature of 25°C and a feed speed of 0.6 m / min. The adhesive layer used was the adhesive layer 3 described above.

[0146] [Construction of a power generation layer] A conductive layer was formed on one side of a 100 μm thick polyethylene naphthalate film (manufactured by Toyobo, "Neotex" (registered trademark) Q51), which served as a support layer, by sputtering a first indium oxide layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a silver layer with a thickness of 8 nm, and a second indium oxide layer with a thickness of 30 nm in this order. Next, an electron extraction layer made of zinc oxide with a thickness of 50 nm was formed on the conductive layer by the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-127408. Then, a (CH3NH3)PbI3 layer with a thickness of 320 nm was formed on the hole extraction layer as a perovskite semiconductor compound layer. Specifically, a perovskite semiconductor compound layer was formed by stirring a mixture containing 0.48 g of PbI2, 0.17 g of CH3NH3I, 0.69 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and 0.15 mL of dimethyl sulfosoxide (DMSO) while heating it to 70°C using a magnetic stirrer with a heating function, and then coating the completely dissolved solution and heating it at 105°C for 5 minutes. Next, a hole extraction layer consisting of PEDOT·PSS with a thickness of 400 nm was formed on the perovskite semiconductor compound layer. Specifically, the hole extraction layer was formed by ultrasonically dispersing a (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion, which was a polythiophene derivative doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid, allowing it to stand for 96 hours, and then coating it onto the active layer using the doctor blade method and drying it at 145°C for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, a conductive layer was formed on the hole extraction layer by sputtering, as described above, by laminating a first indium oxide layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a silver layer with a thickness of 8 nm, and a second indium oxide layer with a thickness of 30 nm in that order. A 100 μm polyethylene naphthalate film was then laminated on top of this as a support layer. In this way, a power generation layer was fabricated having a support layer 13, a conductive layer 14, an electron extraction layer 15, a perovskite semiconductor compound layer 16, and a hole extraction layer 17 in that order, as shown in Figure 11.

[0147] [Fabrication of solar cell modules] The power generation layer prepared as described above was laminated with an infrared reflector in the same configuration as shown in the diagram in Table 2, and then placed in a vacuum laminator (NPC Corporation, NLM-270×400). First, the inside of the laminator was held under reduced pressure for 15 minutes, then the laminate was compressed at atmospheric pressure and held at 120°C for 10 minutes, and then immediately cooled to room temperature to obtain a solar cell module. The evaluation results of the obtained solar cell module are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the infrared reflector used was that of Example 1 or Comparative Examples 1 and 4.

[0148] (Example 1) Using the method described above, a light-adjusting layer was formed on a multilayer laminated film (infrared reflective layer) using paint A, and an infrared reflector was obtained. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0149] (Examples 2-4, 6-10, Comparative Examples 3, 4) An infrared reflector was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the light-adjusting layer, the type of paint used to form the light-adjusting layer, and the number of layers in the multilayer laminated film were as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0150] (Example 5) An infrared reflector was obtained by laminating the adhesive layer 1 and the multilayer laminated film using the method for forming the light-adjusting layer described above. The same multilayer laminated film as in Example 1 was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0151] (Example 11) The infrared reflector obtained in Example 1 was internally laminated using adhesive layer 1 in the manner described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0152] (Examples 12, 13, 15) An infrared reflector was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the bonding method was as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. The details of the bonding method are as described above.

[0153] (Example 14) An infrared reflector was obtained by forming a hard coat layer on both sides of the infrared reflector obtained in Example 1 using the method described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0154] (Comparative Example 1) An infrared reflector was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a single film of resin 3 was used instead of a multilayer laminated film. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0155] (Comparative Example 2) An infrared reflector was fabricated using the same method as in Example 1, except that a light-adjusting layer was not formed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0156] [Table 1]

[0157] In the table, the thermoplastic resins in the multilayer laminated films are listed as follows: the upper ones (including the outermost layer) are for layer A, and the lower ones are for layer B.

[0158] (Example 16, Comparative Examples 5-9) A solar cell module with the same configuration as shown in the diagram in Table 2 was fabricated using the method described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

[0159] [Table 2] [Industrial applicability]

[0160] The infrared reflector of the present invention can suppress discoloration and appearance defects during environmental changes such as rainy weather, while also providing heat shielding properties. Due to the above features, the infrared reflector of the present invention can be suitably used as a component in vehicles such as automobiles, transportation equipment such as aircraft, windows such as building windows, and solar cell modules. [Explanation of symbols]

[0161] 1: Infrared reflector 2: Dimming layer 3: Infrared reflective layer 4: Transparent substrate (If there are multiple transparent substrates, select Transparent Substrate 1) 5: Adhesive layer 1 6: Adhesive layer 2 7: Transparent base material 2 8: Hard court layer 9: Solar cell modules 10: Power generation layer 11: Ink layer 12: Sunlight 13:Support layer 14: Conductive layer 15: Electron extraction layer 16: Perovskite semiconductor compound layer 17: Hole extraction layer

Claims

1. The device has an infrared reflective layer and a light-adjusting layer, and the saturation C of the reflected light when light is incident from the light-adjusting layer side at an incident angle of 60°. ＊ Ｒ An infrared reflector characterized in that the value is between 0 and 10, and the average light absorption rate Abs in the wavelength band of 800 nm to 1400 nm, calculated by the following formula 1, satisfies 0% ≤ Abs ≤ 30%. Formula 1: Abs=100-TR T: Average transmittance of light in the 800 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the photochromic layer side. R: Average reflectance of light in the 800 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range when light is incident perpendicularly to the surface from the photochromic layer side.

2. The infrared reflector according to claim 1, wherein when light is incident from the infrared reflective layer side, the short wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 0° is λnm, and the short wavelength end of the reflected light at an incident angle of 60° is λ'nm, and when light is incident from the light-adjusting layer side, the average absorption rate of light in the wavelength band from λnm to λ'nm at incident angles of 0° and 60° is 50% or more and less than 100%.

3. The infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when light is incident from the dimming layer side, the average absorption rate of light in the wavelength band of 380 nm to 700 nm at incident angles of 0° and 60° is 50% or more and less than 100%.

4. The infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light-adjusting layer contains an adhesive material.

5. At an angle of incidence of 0°, L ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Saturation C of transmitted light in color space ＊ Ｔ An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the value is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10.

6. The brightness L of the reflected light in the color space at an incident angle of 0° ＊ a ＊ b ＊ is greater than 0 and 30 or less, the infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2. ＊ ​

7. The infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the infrared reflecting layer has a structure in which 51 to 1001 layers of two or more different thermoplastic resin layers are regularly laminated.

8. An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a configuration in which a transparent substrate, the light-adjusting layer, and the infrared reflective layer are arranged in this order.

9. An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a configuration in which a transparent substrate, an infrared reflective layer, and a light-adjusting layer are arranged in this order.

10. An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a transparent substrate 1, an adhesive layer 1, the light-adjusting layer, the infrared reflector, an adhesive layer 2, and the transparent substrate 2 are arranged in this order.

11. An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a hard coat layer is located on the outermost layer of one or both sides.

12. An infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, having a layer containing a heat-absorbing agent.

13. A transport device comprising an infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2.

14. A window comprising an infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2.

15. A vehicle comprising the window described in claim 14, wherein the light-adjusting layer is located on the outside of the vehicle and the infrared-reflective layer is located on the inside of the vehicle.

16. A solar cell module comprising an infrared reflector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power generation layer, the light-regulating layer, and the infrared reflector are arranged in this order from the side facing the incident sunlight.

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