Battery systems and electrical devices

Abstract

This application discloses a battery system and an electric device. The battery system includes at least two battery groups each including a plurality of battery units, the plurality of battery units in each battery group being configured to form a first channel for sequentially transmitting designated data with the battery units as nodes, at least two battery groups each configured to form a second channel for transmitting the designated data with a control device, and a relay device configured to form a third channel for transmitting the designated data between each of the at least two battery groups and further configured to transfer the designated data between the battery groups. In this way, the relay device communicates with the battery groups and transfers the designated data between the battery groups via the third channel, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed on April 18, 2023, bearing application number 2023104162042 and entitled "Battery System and Electrical Device," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD This application relates to the technical field of batteries, and more particularly to battery systems and electrical devices. [Background technology]

[0003] Energy conservation and emission reduction are key to sustainable development, promoting the adjustment of the energy structure and promoting the development and application of battery technology.

[0004] There are electrical devices that can be equipped with a battery system, and the discharge of the battery system provides energy to the electrical device to realize the corresponding function. The battery system can usually include multiple battery units, but how to communicate with multiple battery units has become one of the problems that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application has as its main objective the provision of a battery system and an electric device intended to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a battery system including at least two battery groups each including a plurality of battery units, the plurality of battery units in each battery group configured to form a first channel for sequentially transmitting designated data with the battery units as nodes, at least two battery groups each configured to form a second channel for transmitting the designated data with a control device, and a relay device configured to form a third channel for transmitting the designated data with each of the at least two battery groups and further configured to transfer the designated data between the battery groups, whereby cascade communication is performed between the battery units in each battery group via the first channel, and the battery groups and the control device communicate via the second channel, and the relay device communicates with the battery groups via the third channel and transfers the designated data between the battery groups, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the designated data can be selectively transmitted between at least some of the battery units in the battery group and the control device via the first channel within the battery unit's own group or via the first channels of the relay device and other battery groups, thereby providing at least two data transmission paths between at least some of the battery units and the control device and reducing a communication failure rate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery group and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, the first channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel in opposite directions, the control devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units located at first ends of the at least two battery groups via the second channels, and the relay devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units located at second ends of the at least two battery groups via the third channels, thereby configuring the control device and the relay device to be communicatively connected to the end battery units, simplifying the communication architecture and improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

[0009] In some embodiments, the transmission direction of the first sub-channel is from the second end to the first end, the transmission direction of the second sub-channel is from the first end to the second end, the specified data includes uplink data uploaded from the battery unit to the control device, and the middle battery unit is configured to selectively transmit the uplink data to the control device via the first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group, or transmit the uplink data to the control device via the second sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group, the relay device, and the first sub-channels of the other battery groups. This allows the middle battery unit to select different transmission paths for communicating with the control device, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery unit and the control device.

[0010] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit is configured to transmit the uplink data to the control device via the first sub-channel within its own group in response to all nodes in the first sub-channel within its own group being in a normal communication state, or the middle battery unit is configured to transmit the uplink data to the control device via the first sub-channel within its own group in response to downstream nodes in the first sub-channel within its own group being in a normal communication state, thereby preferentially using the first sub-channel within its own group to transmit uplink data, reducing the number of hops in data transmission and alleviating the load on other battery groups during data transmission.

[0011] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit is configured to transmit the uplink data to the control device via the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group, the relay device, and the first sub-channel of the other battery groups in response to a communication abnormality of a node in the first sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group, thereby preventing a communication abnormality in the first sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group from affecting the transmission of the uplink data and improving the stability of communication between the battery unit and the control device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the first end transmits the uplink data via a first subchannel within the middle battery unit's own group, and the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the second end transmits the uplink data to the control device via a second subchannel within the middle battery unit's own group, the relay device, and the first subchannels of the other battery groups. This allows differentiated transmission to be performed according to the location of the battery unit relative to the node in abnormal communication. A battery unit that can communicate with the control device via the first subchannel within its own group preferentially transmits uplink data using the first subchannel within its own group. A battery unit that cannot communicate with the control device via the first subchannel within its own group transmits uplink data to the control device via the first subchannel of another group. This improves the stability of communication between the battery unit and the control device, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and reduces the load on other battery groups during data transmission.

[0013] In some embodiments, the transmission direction of the first sub-channel is from the second end to the first end, the transmission direction of the second sub-channel is from the first end to the second end, the specified data includes downlink data downloaded from the control device to the battery unit, and the middle battery unit is configured to selectively receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group, or receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel of another of the battery groups, the relay device, and the first sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group. This allows the middle battery unit to select different transmission paths for communicating with the control device, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group and the control device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel within its own group in response to all nodes in the second sub-channel within its own group being in a normal communication state, or the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel within its own group in response to upstream nodes in the second sub-channel within its own group being in a normal communication state, thereby preferentially using the second sub-channel within its own group to receive downlink data, reducing the number of hops in data transmission and alleviating the load on other battery groups during data transmission.

[0015] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channels of the other battery groups, the relay device, and the first sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group in response to a communication abnormality of a node in the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group, thereby preventing a communication abnormality in the second sub-channel in its own group from affecting the transmission of downlink data and improving the stability of communication between the battery units and the control device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit located between the node experiencing an abnormal communication state and the first end receives the downlink data from the control device via the second subchannel within its own group, and the middle battery unit located between the node experiencing an abnormal communication state and the second end receives the downlink data from the control device via the second subchannels of the other battery groups, the relay device, and the first subchannel within the middle battery unit's own group. This allows differentiated transmission based on the battery unit's location relative to the node experiencing the abnormal communication state. A battery unit that can communicate with the control device via the second subchannel within its own group preferentially receives downlink data using the second subchannel within its own group. A battery unit that cannot communicate with the control device via the second subchannel within its own group may receive downlink data via the second subchannel of another group and the relay device. This improves the stability of communication between the battery unit and the control device, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and alleviates the load during data transmission from other battery groups.

[0017] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery groups and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, the control devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units at the first end and / or the second end of the at least two battery groups via the second channel, respectively, and the relay devices are configured to be connected to the middle battery units of the at least two battery groups via the third channel, thereby communicatively connecting the control devices to the end battery units and the relay devices to the middle battery units, thereby simplifying the communication architecture and further improving flexibility of data transmission between battery units and between the battery units and the control devices.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel in opposite directions, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between multiple battery units in a battery group.

[0019] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery group and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, the at least two battery groups include a first portion of battery groups and a second portion of battery groups, the relay device includes a first relay device, the first portion of battery groups and the second portion of battery groups are respectively provided on both sides of the first relay device, and the first relay device is connected to a second end battery unit in the first portion of battery groups via the third channel and to a first end battery unit in the second portion of battery groups via the third channel. This simplifies the communication architecture of the battery system and improves the flexibility of data transmission between battery units and between battery units and a control device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the control device is configured to be connected to a first end battery unit in the first portion of the battery groups and a second end battery unit in the second portion of the battery groups via the second channel, respectively, or the relay device includes a second relay device, and the control device is configured to be connected to a first end battery unit in the first portion of the battery groups via the second channel, respectively, and the second relay device is connected to a second end battery unit in the second portion of the battery groups via the third channel, respectively, thereby simplifying the communication architecture of the battery system and further improving the flexibility of data transmission between battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the battery unit is further configured to detect the communication status of adjacent channel nodes, so as to use the battery unit to detect the communication status of adjacent nodes, improve the real-time detection of the communication status, and provide feedback on the data transmission policy accordingly.

[0022] In some embodiments, the battery unit is configured to generate a communication anomaly indication for the upstream node in response to not receiving the specified data from the upstream node within a first predetermined time period, thereby determining whether communication with the upstream node is abnormal based on whether the specified data is received within the first predetermined time period, further improving the real-time detection of the communication status, and providing corresponding feedback on the data transmission policy.

[0023] In some embodiments, the battery unit is configured to generate a communication abnormality indication for the downstream node in response to not receiving a reception feedback from the downstream node within a second predetermined period after transmitting the specified data to the downstream node, thereby determining whether the communication with the downstream node is abnormal based on whether or not feedback is received within the second predetermined period, further improving the real-time detection of the communication status, and providing corresponding feedback on the data transmission policy.

[0024] In some embodiments, the battery unit is a battery cell, the battery cell including a sensor, a processor, and a communication module, the sensor is used to collect parameters of the battery cell, the communication module is used to form at least the first channel, and the processor generates the specified data based on the parameters and / or controls the sensor and / or the communication module based on the specified data, which facilitates collecting parameters of the battery unit and / or managing each battery unit accordingly.

[0025] To solve the above problem, the present application provides another battery system including a plurality of battery units configured to communicate with a control device and transmit specified data, and a relay device configured to transfer the specified data between at least some of the battery units, thereby enabling direct communication between the battery units and the control device, improving data transmission efficiency, and also enabling specified data to be transferred between the battery units via the relay device, improving flexibility in data transmission between the battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

[0026] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery units each communicate with the control device via a first channel, and at least some of the battery units each communicate with the relay device via a second channel; or the plurality of battery units are grouped into at least two battery groups, and the battery units in each of the battery groups are configured to form a first channel for sequentially transmitting the specified data, with the battery unit as a node, and the at least two battery groups can further form a second channel for transmitting the specified data with the control device, respectively; and the relay device is configured to form a third channel for transmitting the specified data with the at least two battery groups, respectively, and to transfer the specified data between the battery groups. This allows direct communication between the battery units and the control device via the first channel, improving efficiency of data transmission, and also allows battery units to communicate with the relay device via the second channel, improving flexibility of data transmission between the battery units and between the battery units and the control device.

[0027] To solve the above problem, the present application provides an electric device including the above battery system. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. The drawings described below only illustrate some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive of other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0029] [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a second embodiment. [Figure 3] 1 is a structural schematic plan view of an optical communication module according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a third embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic plan view of two adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic plan view of two adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic plan view of two adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic plan view of three adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic plan view of three adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 11] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery unit according to a first embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery unit according to a second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 14]FIG. 10 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a seventh embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to an eighth embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a ninth embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 22 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a tenth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, and are merely examples, which should not limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The terms used herein are only for describing specific examples and are not intended to limit the present application. The terms "comprises," "has," and any variations thereof in the specification, claims, and the above brief description of the drawings of this application are intended to cover the non-exclusive "comprises."

[0032] In the description of the examples of this application, technical terms such as "first," "second," etc. are merely used to distinguish different objects, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or implying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the technical features shown. In the description of the examples of this application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, "plurality" means two or more.

[0033] When an "embodiment" is described in this specification, it means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described by the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to an embodiment that is exclusively independent of or alternative to other embodiments. It is explicitly or implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0034] In the description of the examples of this application, the term "and / or" is merely used to explain the relationship between related objects and indicates that there may be three relationships; for example, A and / or B can represent the cases where A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. In addition, the symbol " / " in this specification generally means that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0035] In describing the examples of this application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two); similarly, "sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "plurality" refers to two or more (including two).

[0036] In describing the embodiments of the present application, orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "center," "longitudinal direction," "lateral direction," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial direction," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" are orientations or positional relationships shown based on the drawings, and are intended merely to facilitate explanation of the embodiments of the present application and simplify the description. They do not explicitly or implicitly indicate that the indicated devices or elements necessarily have a specific orientation, or are configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0037] In describing the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined or limited, the terms "attach," "couple," "connect," "fix," and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They may also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They may also refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, an internal communication between two elements, or an interactive relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Currently, in view of the development of the market situation, the applications of batteries are expanding. Batteries are not only widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydroelectric power, thermal power, wind power and solar power plants, but also in various fields such as electric transportation means such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, military equipment and aerospace. With the expansion of the application fields of power batteries, the market demand is also increasing.

[0039] Based on this, the present application provides an electric device that may include a battery system according to any of the following embodiments, and the battery system can be used as a power source for the electric device or as various energy storage systems for the energy storage element. The electric device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric two-wheeler, an electric vehicle, a boat, an aircraft, etc. However, the electric toy may include, but is not limited to, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric boat toy, an electric plane toy, or other stationary or portable electric toy, and the aircraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spaceship, etc. In some embodiments provided in the present application, the electric device is exemplified as an electric vehicle (EV).

[0040] The electric vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a natural gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a battery vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a range-extended vehicle, or the like. A battery system is provided inside the electric vehicle, and the battery system may be provided at the bottom, front, or rear of the electric vehicle. The battery system is used to supply power to the electric vehicle, for example, the battery system can serve as an operating power source for the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle may further include a controller and a motor, and the controller controls the battery pack to supply power to the motor, for example, for starting, navigation, and running power needs of the electric vehicle. However, the battery system can not only serve as an operating power source for the electric vehicle, but also as a driving power source for the electric vehicle, replacing all or part of gasoline or natural gas, to provide driving power to the electric vehicle.

[0041] To improve the performance of the battery system, the battery system may include at least one battery group, and the battery group may include multiple battery units, and the multiple battery units may be connected in series, parallel, or a mixed connection. A mixed connection means that some of the multiple battery units are connected in series and some in parallel. The multiple battery units may be directly connected in series, parallel, or a mixed connection, and then the integrated multiple battery units may be housed in a box. Of course, multiple battery units may be connected in series, parallel, or a mixed connection to form multiple battery modules, and then the multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or a mixed connection to form a battery system. The battery system may further include other structures, for example, a current collecting member for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery units.

[0042] With the increasing emphasis and investment of governments and automakers in electric vehicle projects, several major automakers and battery suppliers have conducted extensive research and testing on various power batteries and developed related battery management systems (BMS). BMSs have a significant impact on the overall safety of electric vehicles, vehicle control policy selection, charging mode selection, and operating costs. To achieve the goal of adopting rational control policies and using battery systems effectively and efficiently, BMSs complete real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of the battery system status, whether the vehicle is in operation or charging, and notify the vehicle controller or charger via a bus.

[0043] In some related embodiments, the battery management system is a control device that is directly connected to the battery system to obtain information about the battery units in the battery system. However, currently, each battery unit in the battery system must be connected to the battery management system or a corresponding bus via a corresponding line in order to communicate with the battery management system, which complicates the line structure of the battery system and increases the failure rate.

[0044] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a battery system, please refer to Figure 1, which is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a first embodiment.

[0045] The battery system 1 includes at least one battery group 10, and the battery group 10 includes a plurality of battery units 100, which are communicatively connected to each other. This allows a multi-hop channel to be formed between the plurality of battery units 100, with the battery units 100 serving as nodes. Data can be transmitted using the multi-hop channel, making it easier to collect data from each battery unit 100 and / or manage each battery unit 100 accordingly, thereby simplifying the circuit architecture of the system and improving the reliability of the battery system 1.

[0046] In some embodiments, the battery units 100 may be arranged regularly. For example, by sequentially arranging the battery units 100 in the first direction D1, the space occupied by the battery group 10 in the battery system 1 can be reduced. Alternatively, the battery units 100 may be arranged closely or at equal intervals in the first direction D1. In other embodiments, the battery units 100 may be arranged randomly or at non-equidistant intervals in the first direction D1.

[0047] In some embodiments, each battery unit 100 may be provided with a communication module 101, and multiple battery units 100 can be communicatively connected to one another via the communication module 101. Here, the communication module 101 allows wired communication or wireless communication, which may include Bluetooth communication, radio frequency communication, optical communication, etc., to be performed between the multiple battery units 100. Compared to wired communication, wireless communication can alleviate problems such as complex wiring in the battery system 1 due to the need for a large number of connection harnesses between the battery units 100.

[0048] In some embodiments, the battery units 100 in each battery group 10 are configured to form a first channel 120, with the battery units 100 serving as nodes, for sequentially transmitting designated data. The designated data may include status data of the battery units 100 or control signals from the control device 200. For example, the status data may include voltage data, power data, current data, temperature data, or pressure data. The control signals may include sampling control signals for controlling the battery units 100 to collect corresponding status data, or other function control signals for controlling the battery units 100 to perform operations such as equalization. Because the first channel 120 is a multi-hop channel with the battery units 100 serving as nodes, the status data collected by each battery unit 100 is transmitted to the battery unit 100 corresponding to the next hop node, and finally transmitted to a specific battery unit 100 before being uploaded to the control device. The control signals may also be downloaded from the control device to a specific battery unit 100 and then multi-hop transmitted via the first channel 120. This makes it easier to collect data from each battery unit 100 and / or manage each battery unit 100 accordingly, further improving the reliability of the battery system 1. Compared to when each battery unit 100 directly communicates with the control device 200, this can effectively reduce the complexity of the system.

[0049] In some embodiments, multiple battery units 100 in the same battery group 10 can communicate not only unidirectionally but also bidirectionally, thereby improving flexibility of data transmission. Specifically, the first channel 120 includes a first sub-channel 121 and a second sub-channel 122, which are opposite in direction. Data on the first sub-channel 121 can be transmitted from the last battery unit 100 in the battery group 10 to the first battery unit 100 in the battery group 10, and data on the second sub-channel 122 can be transmitted from the first battery unit 100 in the battery group 10 to the last battery unit 100 in the battery group 10. Exemplarily, the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 can be used to transmit different types of data. For example, the first sub-channel 121 can be used to transmit voltage data, power data, or current data, and the second sub-channel 122 can be used to transmit temperature data or pressure data. This allows data transmission between the battery units 100 via bidirectional channels, thereby improving flexibility of data transmission between the multiple battery units 100 and stability of data transmission. For example, if one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 is damaged, the multiple battery units 100 can still communicate with each other via the other of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122. Exemplarily, each battery unit 100 may be provided with two communication modules 101, which may include a first communication module and a second communication module, and the first communication modules in the multiple battery units 100 are communicatively connected to each other to form the first sub-channel 121, and the second communication modules in the multiple battery units 100 are communicatively connected to each other to form the second sub-channel 122.

[0050] In some embodiments, the communication module 101 may be an optical communication module 110 that performs optical communication between adjacent battery units 100 and further forms a first channel 120. Specifically, optical communication between multiple battery units 100 can be performed using a space relay method via the optical communication modules 110. Space relay means that communication light generated by the optical communication modules 110 propagates in free space between the optical communication modules 110. For example, a first optical communication module 110 emits communication light, which passes through the space between the first optical communication module 110 and the second optical communication module 110 and is received by the second optical communication module 110. Compared to an optical fiber propagation method, performing optical communication using a space relay method can reduce the complexity of the system architecture.

[0051] Specifically, the optical communication module 110 can be configured to perform optical communication using air as a transmission medium, which can reduce the system sealing requirements and reduce the complexity of the system architecture compared to other liquid or gas transmission media.

[0052] Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a second embodiment.

[0053] The optical communication module 110 includes a first optical transmitter T1, a second optical transmitter T2, and an optical receiver R, where the first optical transmitter T1 and the optical receiver R located in different battery units 100 cooperate with each other to form a first sub-channel 121, and the second optical transmitter T2 and the optical receiver R located in different battery units 100 cooperate with each other to form a second sub-channel 122, and the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 share the optical receiver R. Specifically, both the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 can emit communication light, which may be visible communication light or infrared communication light, etc., and the light receiving angle of the optical receiver R can be expanded so that the optical receiver R can receive communication light emitted from the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 located in different battery units 100. For example, the light receiving angle of the optical receiver R is 30 degrees to 80 degrees, 30 degrees to 70 degrees, or 30 degrees to 60 degrees. Specifically, the light receiving angle may include 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, or 80 degrees, etc.

[0054] For example, in the plan view shown in Figure 2, the communication light emitted from the second optical transmitter T2 of the first battery unit 100 is received by the optical receiver R of the second battery unit 100, and the communication light emitted from the second optical transmitter T2 of the second battery unit 100 is received by the optical receiver R of the third battery unit 100. By analogy, the optical receiver R of the last battery unit 100 can receive the communication light emitted from the second optical transmitter T2 of the previous battery unit 100, thereby forming a second sub-channel 122. Similarly, in the plan view shown in Figure 2, the communication light emitted from the first optical transmitter T1 of the last battery unit 100 is received by the optical receiver R of the second-to-last battery unit 100, and the communication light emitted from the first optical transmitter T1 of the second-to-last battery unit 100 is received by the optical receiver R of the third-to-last battery unit 100. By analogy, the optical receiver R of the first battery unit 100 can be made to receive the communication light emitted from the first optical transmitter T1 of the second battery unit 100, thereby forming a first sub-channel 121.

[0055] In this embodiment, all of the optical communication modules 110 may include a first optical transmitter T1, a second optical transmitter T2, and an optical receiver R, but in other embodiments, the optical communication modules 110 of the intermediate battery units 100 may include a first optical transmitter T1, a second optical transmitter T2, and an optical receiver R, the optical communication modules 110 of the terminal battery units 100 may include a first optical transmitter T1 and an optical receiver R, and the optical communication modules 110 of the tip battery units 100 may include a second optical transmitter T2 and an optical receiver R. This allows bidirectional communication between the battery units 100 to be achieved with just one optical receiver R, which reduces material costs compared to providing two optical receivers R.

[0056] In some embodiments, the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are offset from each other in a second direction D2 perpendicular to the first direction D1, thereby reducing the problem of crosstalk during optical communication between the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100; a specific embodiment in which the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are offset from each other in the second direction D2 will be described in detail below.

[0057] In this embodiment, the optical output directions of the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 are each set at an angle with respect to the first direction D1, and the transmission components in the first direction D1 are opposite to each other, so that the light beams output from the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 in the same battery unit 100 are respectively incident on the optical receivers R of the adjacent battery units 100 on both sides. The transmission components in the first direction D1 of the optical output direction can be similar to the components in a certain direction of a vector; for example, the transmission component in the first direction D1 of the optical output direction of the first optical transmitter T1 can be understood as a projection of the output direction of the first optical transmitter T1 in the first direction D1, and the transmission component in the first direction D1 of the optical output direction of the second optical transmitter T2 can be understood as a projection of the output direction of the second optical transmitter T2 in the first direction D1. For example, in the plan view shown in Figure 2, multiple battery units 100 are arranged in a first direction D1, and taking the optical communication module 110 of the third battery unit 100 as an example, the optical output direction of the first optical transmitter T1 of the third battery unit 100 is diagonally upward, and the optical output direction of the second optical transmitter T2 of the third battery unit 100 is diagonally downward, and both optical output directions are set at an angle with respect to the first direction D1, so that the transmission component in the first direction D1 of the second optical transmitter T2 of the third battery unit 100 is vertically downward, and the transmission component in the first direction D1 of the first optical transmitter T1 of the third battery unit 100 is vertically upward, and further, the light beam output from the first optical transmitter T1 of the third battery unit 100 is incident on the optical receiver R of the second battery unit 100, and the light beam output from the second optical transmitter T2 of the third battery unit 100 is incident on the optical receiver R of the fourth battery unit 100. This allows the optical receiver R to be shared using a relatively simple layout method, and also makes it possible to further alleviate the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0058] In some embodiments, in the three optical communication modules 110 of the three battery units 100 arranged in series, the optical communication modules 110 at both ends are provided on the same side of the middle optical communication module 110 in the second direction D2. The three battery units 100 arranged in series may be understood to be any three consecutive battery units 100 among the plurality of battery units 100 arranged in the first direction D1. In the plan view shown in FIG. 2 , the three battery units 100 arranged in series may be the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, and the third battery unit 100 from top to bottom, or the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100 from top to bottom. The fact that the optical communication modules 110 of the battery units 100 at both ends are located on the same side of the optical communication module 110 of the middle battery unit 100 in the second direction D2 can be understood as meaning that the optical communication modules 110 of the battery units 100 at both ends are simultaneously located upstream of the middle battery unit 100 or simultaneously located downstream of the middle battery unit 100 by dividing the second direction D2 into those located upstream of the middle battery unit 100 and those located downstream of the middle battery unit 100, with the middle battery unit 100 as the boundary. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 2 , when three battery units 100 arranged in succession are, from top to bottom, the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, and the third battery unit 100, the middle battery unit 100 is the second battery unit 100, and the battery units 100 at both ends are the first battery unit 100 and the third battery unit 100, and in the second direction D2, the battery units 100 at both ends are located upstream of the middle battery unit 100. Similarly, when three battery units 100 arranged in succession are, from top to bottom, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100, the middle battery unit 100 is the third battery unit 100, and the battery units 100 at both ends are the second battery unit 100 and the fourth battery unit 100, and in the second direction D2, the battery units 100 at both ends are located downstream of the middle battery unit 100.This makes it advantageous for the optical communication modules 110 to be misaligned with each other in the second direction D2, further mitigating the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0059] In some embodiments, the light beams output from the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 are each configured so that at least a portion of the light beam covers the adjacent optical receiver R on the side toward which the respective transmission components are directed. The "at least a portion" may be all or a portion of the light beam output from a given optical transmitter. When a portion of the light beam is received, the remaining unreceived light beam may be lost in the transmission process or may be directed to a position other than the light receiving range of the optical receiver R. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 2 , taking the optical communication module 110 of the third battery unit 100 as an example, the transmission component of the light beam output from the first optical transmitter T1 is directed obliquely upward and toward the optical receiver R of the second battery unit 100, so that at least a portion of the light beam output from the first optical transmitter T1 is received by the optical receiver R of the second battery unit 100. Similarly, at least a portion of the light beam output from the second optical transmitter T2 is received by the optical receiver R of the fourth battery unit 100. This reduces the possibility that the light beam output from the optical transmitter T is received by a plurality of optical receivers R, and the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110 can be further alleviated.

[0060] In some embodiments, the battery unit 100 is provided with a processor, which is connected to the optical communication module 110 and selectively controls the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 to emit light based on the transmission direction of specified data. The specified data may include status data of the battery unit 100 or a control signal of the control device 200. For example, the status data may include voltage data, power data, current data, temperature data, or pressure data. The transmission direction may be from the first battery unit 100 to the last battery unit 100, i.e., the transmission direction of the second sub-channel 122, or from the last battery unit 100 to the first battery unit 100, i.e., the transmission direction of the first sub-channel 121. When the first sub-channel 121 is selected, the first optical transmitter T1 can be controlled to emit light, and when the second sub-channel 122 is selected, the second optical transmitter T2 can be controlled to emit light. This further mitigates the problem of crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0061] 2 and 3, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the structure of an optical communication module according to one or more embodiments.

[0062] Each optical communication module 110 further includes a light collecting element 111, which is used to collect light beams output from the first optical transmitter T1 and the second optical transmitter T2 of the other optical communication module 110 into its own optical receiver R. Specifically, the light collecting element 111 may be an optical element such as a reflecting prism and / or a focusing lens. The light collecting element 111 may include two sets of optical elements, one set of optical elements being located in the optical path of the light beams output from the first optical transmitter T1 and collecting the light beams output from the first optical transmitter T1 into the optical receiver R by performing processing such as reflecting or focusing on the light beams, and the other set of optical elements being located in the optical path of the light beams output from the second optical transmitter T2 and collecting the light beams output from the second optical transmitter T2 into the optical receiver R by performing processing such as reflecting or focusing on the light beams. 3, the light collecting member 111 includes two light collecting surfaces and two reflecting surfaces, one set of light collecting surface and reflecting surface is used to collect communication light generated by the optical communication module 110 of one battery unit 100, and the other set of light collecting surface and reflecting surface is used to collect communication light generated by the optical communication module 110 of the other battery unit 100. This improves the reliability of optical communication and reduces the difficulty of arranging the optical communication module 110.

[0063] In the above embodiment, two-way communication can be achieved between multiple battery units 100, and in other embodiments, only one-way communication can be achieved between multiple battery units 100. When multiple battery units 100 communicate with each other via optical communication modules 110, this can be achieved by misaligning the optical communication modules 110 of two adjacent battery units 100 in order to alleviate the mutual crosstalk situation between the optical communication modules 110. See Figures 1 to 4, and Figure 4 is a structural plan view of a battery system according to a third embodiment.

[0064] The battery group 10 includes a plurality of battery units 100 sequentially arranged in a first direction D1. Each battery unit 100 is provided with an optical communication module 110. Optical communication between at least some of the battery units 100 is performed via the optical communication modules 110 using a spatial relay method. The optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are offset from each other in a second direction D2 perpendicular to the first direction D1. This reduces the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110 when performing optical communication using the spatial relay method. Specifically, because communication light generated by the optical communication modules 110 propagates through space, communication light propagating through space other than the two optical communication modules 110 that need to establish a communication connection may enter other optical communication modules 110, further causing crosstalk. By offsetting the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 from each other in the second direction D2 perpendicular to the first direction D1, the crosstalk problem can be effectively solved. Different networking methods for the optical communication modules 110 are described in detail below.

[0065] Furthermore, optical communication is performed between at least some of the battery units 100 using air as a transmission medium via an optical communication module 110. This reduces the requirement for system sealing and reduces the complexity of the system architecture compared to other liquid or gas transmission media.

[0066] Alternatively, in each battery group 10, optical communication is performed between adjacent battery units 100 via the optical communication module 110, and a first channel 120 is formed with each successively adjacent battery unit 100 as a next-hop node. The first channel 120 is formed by the successive optical communication between adjacent battery units 100. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 4 , the battery group 10 includes a total of six battery units 100, and the first battery unit 100 emits communication light to the second battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100 emits communication light to the third battery unit 100, and by analogy, the fifth battery unit 100 emits communication light to the sixth battery unit 100, thereby forming a first channel 120 with each successively adjacent battery unit 100 as a next-hop node. This forms a multi-hop channel within the battery group 10, facilitating data transmission.

[0067] Compared to the optical communication modules 110 of each battery unit 100 being arranged linearly in the first direction D1, the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are arranged offset from each other in the second direction D2. Therefore, when adjacent battery units 100 communicate with each other via the optical communication modules 110 to form a first channel 120, the transmission direction of the communication light of the optical communication module 110 can be offset from the light receiving direction of the optical communication module 110 in another non-adjacent battery unit 100, or the transmission distance of the communication light of the optical communication module 110 to the optical communication module 110 in the other non-adjacent battery unit 100 can be increased. As an example, taking the optical communication module 110 in the first battery unit 100 as an example, when the optical communication module 110 in the first battery unit 100 communicates with the optical communication module 110 in the adjacent second battery unit 100 to form the first channel 120, the optical communication module 110 in the first battery unit 100 will be offset from the light receiving direction of the optical communication module 110 in the non-adjacent third battery unit 100, and the optical transmission distance to the optical communication module 110 in the non-adjacent fourth battery unit 100 will be increased, thereby effectively mitigating optical crosstalk between the optical communication module 110 in the third battery unit 100 and the optical communication module 110 in the fourth battery unit 100.

[0068] Please refer to FIGS. 5 and 6, which are structural schematic plan views of two adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments, respectively.

[0069] The intersection angle A between the separation direction D3 of the optical communications modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 and the first direction D1 is 10 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less. For example, the intersection angle A may be 20 degrees to 80 degrees, 30 degrees to 70 degrees, 30 degrees to 60 degrees, or 40 degrees to 50 degrees. Specifically, the intersection angle A may include, but is not limited to, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees, or 90 degrees. The separation direction D3 may be understood to be a straight line on which a connecting line between the center points of two adjacent optical communications modules 110 is located, or a straight line on which a connecting line between any two points of two adjacent optical communications modules 110 is located. In the plan view shown in FIG. 5, the above range of the crossing angle A can be achieved by adjusting the position of the optical communication modules 110 in each battery unit 100 and the separation distance of the battery units 100 in the first direction D1.

[0070] 6, in order to increase the crossing angle A, the optical transmitters T and optical receivers R of two adjacent optical communications modules 110 can extend outside their respective battery units 100 in the first direction D1 so that the crossing angle A between the first direction D1 and the separation direction D3 between the optical transmitter T of the previous optical communications module 110 and the optical receiver R of the subsequent optical communications module 110 approaches or is 90 degrees. This allows the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communications modules 110 to be further alleviated by setting a reasonable range for the crossing angle A.

[0071] Furthermore, the crossing angle A between the separation direction D3 of the optical communications modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 and the first direction D1 is 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. For example, the crossing angle A may be 40 degrees to 50 degrees, or 40 degrees to 60 degrees, etc. Specifically, the crossing angle A may include, but is not limited to, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, or 60 degrees, etc. By setting the crossing angle A to 30 degrees or more, the offset distance in the second direction D2 between the optical communications modules 110 of two adjacent battery units 100 can be increased, thereby reducing optical crosstalk. Furthermore, by setting the crossing angle A to 60 degrees or less, the optical communications modules 110 of each battery unit 100 can easily optically communicate with the optical communications modules 110 of the battery units 100 on either side, thereby reducing the difficulty of cooperation between the optical communications modules. Specifically, as described above, if the intersection angle A is set too large, the optical communication modules 110 in two adjacent battery units 100 will need to be very close to each other in the first direction D1, which increases the difficulty of cooperation.

[0072] Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a structural schematic plan view of two adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments.

[0073] The offset distance L1 in the second direction D2 between the optical communications modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 is set to be at least one-fifth of the maximum size L2 of the battery unit 100 in the second direction D2. Specifically, the offset distance L1 may be set to two-fifths, three-fifths, four-fifths, etc. of the maximum size L2. The maximum size L2 of the battery unit 100 in the second direction D2 may be understood to be the size between both side edges of the battery unit 100 in the second direction D2. The offset distance L1 may be understood to be the distance selected between any points of the two adjacent optical communications modules 110 in the second direction D2 when the two adjacent optical communications modules 110 are projected onto the same battery unit 100 in the first direction D1. The any points may be the midpoints of the optical communications modules 110, points on two opposing sides of the two optical communications modules 110 in the second direction D2, or points on two opposing sides of the two optical communications modules 110 in the second direction D2. This allows the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110 to be further alleviated by setting a reasonable offset distance L1.

[0074] Please refer to FIG. 8, which is a structural schematic plan view of three adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments.

[0075] Each battery unit 100 has a first reference line segment B1 connecting both side edges of the battery unit 100 in the second direction D2, and the optical communications modules 110 of at least some of the battery units 100 are offset from the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 in the second direction D2. Here, the offset between the optical communications module 110 and the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 may be understood to mean that they do not overlap, or that the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 and the center of the optical communications module 110 are offset from each other. The both side edges in the second direction D2 may be two opposing side edges in the length of the battery unit 100. For example, in the plan view shown in Figure 9, the end face of the battery unit 100 may be rectangular, in which case the opposite side edges are the two opposing side edges in the length, and the first reference line B1 may be understood as the length line of each battery unit 100. For example, the first reference line B1 may pass through the centers of the opposite side edges, and the center O1 of the first reference line B1 may be understood as the midpoint in the length of each battery unit 100. The optical communication module 110 is offset from the center O1 of the first reference line B1 in the second direction D2, that is, the optical communication module 110 does not overlap with the center O1 of the first reference line B1, and the optical communication module 110 may be located on the same side of the center O1 of the first reference line B1 in the second direction D2, or on different sides of the center O1 of the first reference line B1 in the second direction D2. This makes it advantageous for the optical communication modules 110 to be misaligned with each other in the second direction D2, further mitigating the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0076] Furthermore, the optical communications modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are located on both sides of the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 in the second direction D2. Here, the optical communications modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 being located on both sides of the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 can be understood as meaning that neither of the two optical communications modules 110 intersects the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1 and is located on both sides of the center, or that the centers of the two optical communications modules 110 are located on both sides of the center O1 of the first reference line segment B1. This is advantageous for the optical communications modules 110 to be offset from each other in the second direction D2, further mitigating the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communications modules 110.

[0077] Please refer to FIG. 9, which is a structural schematic plan view of three adjacent battery units in a battery system according to one or more embodiments.

[0078] Each battery unit 100 has opposite side edges in the first direction D1, and the optical communications modules 110 of at least some of the battery units 100 are located centrally relative to the opposite side edges in the first direction D1. The opposite side edges in the first direction D1 may be two opposite side edges in the width of the battery unit 100. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 9 , the end face of the battery unit 100 may be rectangular, and the opposite side edges in this case are the two opposite side edges in the width. It should be noted that the optical communications module 110 of the battery unit 100 being located centrally relative to the opposite side edges in the first direction D1 does not necessarily mean that it is located in the middle between the opposite side edges in the first direction D1, but rather means that it is located relatively centrally, and even a slight deviation can be considered to be located centrally. For example, when the optical communications module 110 is located in the center, the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the two distances at which the optical communications module reaches the other side edges in the first direction D1 to any one of the two distances may be equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value in the range of 0 to 30%, such as 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, etc. Exemplarily, in the plan view shown in FIG. 9 , each battery unit 100 may have a second reference line segment B2 connecting the other side edges of the battery unit 100 in the first direction D1, and the second reference line segment B2 may be understood to be a width line segment of each battery unit 100. When the optical communications module 110 of the battery unit 100 is positioned in the middle in the first direction D1, the center of the optical communications module 110 can completely overlap the center O2 of the second reference line segment B2, so the predetermined threshold is 0. When the center of the optical communications module 110 and the center O2 of the second reference line segment B2 are slightly misaligned, the optical communications module 110 can be considered to be positioned in the center with respect to the other side edges as long as the predetermined threshold is satisfied. Therefore, because the optical communications module 110 is provided in the center with respect to each battery unit 100 in the first direction D1, optical communications with the communications modules 110 of the battery units 100 on both sides is facilitated.

[0079] In some embodiments, in the three optical communication modules 110 of three battery units 100 arranged in series, the optical communication modules 110 at both ends are provided on the same side of the middle optical communication module 110 in the second direction D2. Three battery units 100 arranged in series can be understood to be any three consecutive battery units 100 among the plurality of battery units 100 arranged in the first direction D1, and accordingly, the three optical communication modules 110 in three consecutive battery units 100 are, in other words, three consecutive optical communication modules 110. The optical communication modules 110 at both ends being provided on the same side of the middle optical communication module 110 in the second direction D2 can be understood as being divided into being located upstream of the middle battery unit 100 and being located downstream of the middle battery unit 100 in the second direction D2, with the middle battery unit 100 as the boundary, so that the optical communication modules 110 of the battery units 100 at both ends are simultaneously located upstream of the middle battery unit 100 or simultaneously located downstream of the middle battery unit 100. This is advantageous for the optical communication modules 110 to be offset from each other in the second direction D2, further mitigating the problem of mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0080] Furthermore, please refer to FIG. 10, which is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a fourth embodiment.

[0081] In each battery group 10, optical communication is performed between non-adjacent battery units 100 via optical communication modules 110, and a first channel 120 is formed in which each successive non-adjacent battery unit 100 serves as a next hop node. Because the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are offset from each other in a second direction D2 perpendicular to the first direction D1, increasing the separation distance between the optical communication modules 110 between adjacent hop nodes can mitigate mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110. 10 , the battery system 1 includes five battery units 100, and the optical communication modules 110 of adjacent battery units 100 are offset from each other in the second direction D2, with the optical transmitter T of the first battery unit 100 facing the optical receiver R of the third battery unit 100, the optical transmitter T of the second battery unit 100 facing the optical receiver R of the fourth battery unit 100, and the optical transmitter T of the third battery unit 100 facing the optical receiver R of the fifth battery unit 100. The communication light emitted from the optical transmitter T of the first battery unit 100 can be received by the optical receiver R of the third battery unit 100, and the communication light emitted from the optical transmitter T of the third battery unit 100 can be received by the optical receiver R of the battery unit 100, thereby establishing a first channel 120. Since the third battery unit 100 and the fifth battery unit 100 are separated by the fourth battery unit 100, during optical communication between the optical communication module 110 of the first battery unit 100 and the optical communication module 110 of the third battery unit 100, the intensity or probability that the optical communication module 110 of the fifth battery unit 100 receives the communication light emitted from the optical communication module 110 of the first battery unit 100 is significantly reduced, thereby mitigating mutual crosstalk between the optical communication modules 110.

[0082] 11 and 12, FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery unit according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery unit according to a second embodiment.

[0083] The battery unit 100 is a battery cell, and further includes a sensor 151 for collecting battery cell parameters and a processor 152 for generating specified data based on the parameters and / or controlling the sensor 151 and / or the optical communication module 110 based on the specified data. The sensor 151 may include, but is not limited to, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, etc., and the parameters of the battery unit 100 can be collected by the sensor 151. Here, the location of the sensor 151 in the battery unit 100 may include, but is not limited to, being completely built into the battery unit 100, a portion of the sensor 151 being located within the battery unit 100, or the sensor 151 being located outside the battery unit 100. The processor 152 may be located inside the battery unit 100, and after the sensor 151 collects the parameters of the battery unit 100, the processor 152 can receive the parameters and generate specified data based on the parameters. The processor 152 can further control the sensor 151 to operate based on the specified data, or control the optical communication module 110 to operate based on the specified data, or control the optical communication module 110 and the sensor 151 to operate simultaneously based on the specified data, which can facilitate collecting parameters of the battery unit 100 and / or managing each battery unit 100 accordingly.

[0084] Furthermore, the battery unit 100 further includes a housing 130, the optical communications module 110 is provided on the housing 130, and at least one pole is provided on the housing 130, with the at least one pole being provided outside the line-of-sight transmission range of the optical communications modules 110 of two adjacent battery units 100. For example, by setting a sufficient separation distance between the optical communications module 110 and the pole or by providing the optical communications module 110 at a specific position, the pole can be provided outside the line-of-sight transmission range of the optical communications modules 110 of the two adjacent battery units 100, thereby reducing shielding by the pole during optical communications between the optical communications modules 110 of the two adjacent battery units 100, and further, power can be supplied to the optical communications module 110 by the at least one pole.

[0085] Here, the at least one pole may include a first pole 141 and a second pole 142, one of which is a positive pole and the other is a negative pole, and the first pole 141 and the second pole 142 can be used to output current and connect to an external circuit.

[0086] 11 , the first pole 141 and the second pole 142 are optionally spaced apart in the second direction D2, and the optical communications module 110 is provided between the first pole 141 and the second pole 142. The optical communications module 110 may be provided in a position close to the first pole 141 or in a position close to the second pole 141, so that when a plurality of battery units 100 are arranged in the first direction D1, two adjacent optical communications modules 110 can be shifted in the second direction D2, thereby reducing crosstalk that occurs when the optical communications modules 110 communicate and reducing shielding by the first pole 141 and the second pole 142 when the optical communications module 110 communicates.

[0087] 12 , the optical communication module 110, the first electrode 141, and the second electrode 142 are optionally spaced apart in the second direction D2. The distance between the optical communication module 110 and the first electrode 141 prevents signal light from being blocked during optical communication between the optical communication modules 110 of two adjacent battery units 100. In another embodiment, the optical communication module 110, the second electrode 142, and the first electrode 141 are sequentially spaced apart in the second direction D2, or the optical communication module 110, the second electrode 142, and the first electrode 141 are not arranged in the second direction D2 and may be freely arranged on the housing, as long as the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 are arranged outside the line-of-sight transmission range of the optical communication modules 110 of two adjacent battery units 100. This makes it possible to rationally arrange the positions of the optical communication module 110, the first pole 141, and the second pole 142 in the housing 130, thereby reducing shielding by the first pole 141 and the second pole 142 during communication by the optical communication module 110.

[0088] Furthermore, the housing 130 can be divided into an end cover and a case, and the end cover is a member that fits over the opening of the case and isolates the internal environment of the battery unit 100 from the external environment. The shape of the end cover may be adapted to match the shape of the case. Optionally, the end cover may be made of a material (e.g., aluminum alloy) with a certain degree of hardness and strength so that it is less likely to deform when pressed or hit. This can provide the battery unit 100 with higher structural strength and improve safety performance to a certain extent.

[0089] In some embodiments, an insulating member may be further provided inside the end cover to isolate the electrical connection members inside the case from the end cover and reduce the risk of short circuits. For example, the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, or the like. The case may be a component that, together with the end cover, forms an internal environment of the battery unit 100. This internal environment can be used to accommodate an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and other components. The case and the end cover may be separate components, or the case may have an opening and the end cover may be placed over the opening to form the internal environment of the battery unit 100. The case may have various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, or hexagonal prism. The case may be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or plastic, but the embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited thereto. The end cover may also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or plastic, but the embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited thereto. In one embodiment, the optical communication module 110, the processor 152 and the sensor 151 may be provided in the end cover.

[0090] In some embodiments, the battery unit 100 is a prismatic battery cell, and the first direction D1 is the thickness direction of the prismatic battery cell, and the second direction D2 is the length direction of the prismatic battery cell. This makes it easy to arrange multiple battery units 100 in the first direction D1 to form a battery group 10, thereby reducing the difficulty of forming the battery system 1. In other embodiments, the battery unit 100 may be a cylindrical battery cell, and the first direction D1 may be any radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell, and the second direction D2 may be a direction perpendicular to both the first direction D1 and the axial direction of the cylindrical battery cell.

[0091] In the above embodiment, a multi-hop channel is formed between the plurality of battery units 100 in the battery group 10, with the battery units 100 serving as nodes. Furthermore, the battery system 1 can further communicate with a control device, and designated data is transmitted between the plurality of battery units 100 and the control device through communication between the control device and the battery group 10. Please refer to Fig. 13, which is a structural plan view of a battery system according to a fifth embodiment.

[0092] The plurality of battery units 100 are configured to form a first channel 120 for sequentially transmitting designated data, with the battery units 100 acting as nodes, and the first channel 120 includes a first sub-channel 121 and a second sub-channel 122 in opposite directions. The battery units 100 at the first end 100a and the second end 100b of the battery group 10 can further form a second channel 210 for transmitting designated data between the battery units 10 at the first end 100a and the second end 100b of the battery group 10 and the control device 200, respectively, and at least one of the battery group 10 and the control device 200 is configured to selectively transmit designated data via at least one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122.

[0093] The control device 200 may be a battery management system, or a battery management unit (BMU) of the battery management system, or may be a central control platform of an automobile or an energy storage system, etc. The control device 200 acquires operating parameters of each battery unit 100 via the second channel 210, generates control signals based on the operating parameters, and transmits the control signals to the battery group 10 via the second channel 210 to operate the battery units 100 according to the control signals.

[0094] The first end 100a may be the end where the first battery unit 100 of the arranged plurality of battery units 100 is located, and the second end 100b may be the end where the last battery unit 100 of the arranged plurality of battery units 100 is located. It should be noted that the first end 100a and the second end 100b are relative concepts and are not necessarily actual ends of the battery system.

[0095] The first channel 120 is used to transmit designated data to enable multiple battery units 100 to communicate directly with each other, facilitating data collection for each battery unit 100 and / or facilitating appropriate management for each battery unit 100, and further improving the reliability of the battery system 1. The first channel 120 includes a first sub-channel 121 and a second sub-channel 122 in opposite directions, which can improve the flexibility of data transmission between multiple battery units 100 in the same battery group 10. Here, wired or wireless communication may be used between the plurality of battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200. For example, wired transmission may be used between the battery units 100 and wireless transmission between the battery units 100 and the control device 200, or wireless transmission may be used between the battery units 100 and wired transmission between the battery units 100 and the control device 200, or both wired and wireless transmission may be used between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200. Here, wireless communication may include Bluetooth communication, radio frequency communication, optical communication, etc.

[0096] In this embodiment, the control device 200 communicates with the battery group 10 via the second channel 210, and the control device 200 communicates with the battery units 100 located at the first end 100a and the second end 100b of the battery group 10, respectively, so that the control device 200 can transmit designated data from the battery unit 100 located at the first end 100a to the battery group 10, or transmit designated data from the battery unit 100 located at the second end 100b to the battery group 10. The battery group 10 can also transmit designated data from the battery unit 100 located at the first end 100a to the control device 200, or transmit designated data from the battery unit 100 located at the second end 100b to the control device 200. This allows cascade communication between the battery units 100 via the first channel 120, and the end battery units 100 of the battery group 10 each communicate with the control device 200 via the second channel 210. At the same time, the battery group 10 and the control device 200 can select the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 to transmit specified data, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group 10 and the control device 200.

[0097] Specifically, the transmission direction of the first sub-channel 121 is from the second end 100b of the battery group 10 to the first end 100a of the battery group 10, and the transmission direction of the second sub-channel 122 is from the first end 100a to the second end 100b. When the control device 200 transmits designated data from a battery unit 100 located at the first end 100a to the battery group 10, it must select the second sub-channel 122 to transmit the designated data. When the control device 200 transmits designated data from a battery unit 100 located at the second end 100b to the battery group 10, it must select the first sub-channel 121 to transmit the designated data. Similarly, when the battery group 10 transmits designated data from the first end 100a to the second end 100b, it can select the second sub-channel 122 to transmit the designated data. When the battery group 10 transmits designated data from the second end 100b to the first end 100a, it can select the first sub-channel 121 to transmit the designated data. This allows the battery group 10 and the control device 200 to select the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 to transmit specified data, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group 10 and the control device 200.

[0098] The specified data includes uplink data uploaded from the battery unit 100 to the control device 200, and the battery group 10 is configured to be able to selectively upload the uplink data to the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122. The uplink data may include voltage data, power data, current data, temperature data, or pressure data of the battery unit 100, and the battery unit 100 can collect each piece of uplink data and then upload the uplink data to the control device 200. This allows the battery unit 100 to select the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122 to upload the uplink data to the control device 200, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group 10 and the control device 200.

[0099] Furthermore, the battery unit 100 is configured to selectively upload uplink data generated by itself to the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122 based on the principle of minimizing the number of hops to the control device 200. The number of hops may be understood to be the number of nodes in a channel segment through which data passes when transmitting data using a channel. It can be understood that when data is transmitted directly from one communication node to another, the number of hops passed may be defined as one hop. The principle of minimizing the number of hops may be understood to be that when uplink data of the battery unit 100 is uploaded to the control device 200, it is transmitted via a path corresponding to the minimum number of hops. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 13 , the battery system 1 includes four battery units 100, which are sequentially distinguished from top to bottom as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100. When the second battery unit 100 selects the first sub-channel 121 to transmit uplink data, the uplink data needs to be relayed in two hops via the first battery unit 100 to be uploaded to the control device 200. When the second battery unit 100 selects the second sub-channel 122 to transmit uplink data, the uplink data needs to be relayed in three hops via the third and fourth battery units 100 to be uploaded to the control device 200. Therefore, the second battery unit 100 should select the first sub-channel 121 to upload its uplink data in accordance with the principle of minimizing the number of hops. Similarly, the third battery unit 100 should select the second sub-channel 122 to upload its uplink data in accordance with the principle of minimizing the number of hops, and the fourth battery unit 100 should select the second sub-channel 122 to upload its uplink data in accordance with the principle of minimizing the number of hops. This reduces the number of hops in data transmission and reduces the data transmission load.

[0100] Alternatively, the uplink data may include a first type of uplink data and a second type of uplink data, and the battery group 10 may be configured to upload the first type of uplink data to one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122, and upload the second type of uplink data to the other of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122. The first type of uplink data and the second type of uplink data may be configured according to actual conditions. For example, the first type of uplink data may include voltage data, power data, and current data of the battery unit 100, and the second type of uplink data may include temperature data or pressure data. When the battery unit 100 needs to upload certain uplink data to the control device 200, it may first detect the type of the uplink data, and then select one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 to upload the data according to the detected type of uplink data. This classifies uplink data and sets up a first subchannel 121 and a second subchannel 122 to transmit different types of uplink data, thereby rationally sharing the load of the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122 and improving the efficiency and flexibility of data transmission.

[0101] Furthermore, the upload frequency of the first type of uplink data is higher than the upload frequency of the second type of uplink data, and the designated data further includes downlink data downloaded from the control device 200 to the designated battery unit 100, and the control device 200 is configured to download the downlink data to a subchannel for the second type of uplink data. The downlink data may include a control signal downloaded from the control device 200 to the battery group 10, such as, but not limited to, a sampling control signal for controlling the battery unit 100 to collect corresponding status data, or other function control signals for controlling the battery unit 100 to perform an operation such as equalization. Exemplarily, when the first type of uplink data is transmitted via the first subchannel 121 and the second type of uplink data is transmitted via the second subchannel 122, and the upload frequency of the first type of uplink data is higher than the upload frequency of the second type of uplink data, the downlink data is transmitted using the second subchannel 122. Conversely, when the first type of uplink data is transmitted through the second subchannel 122 and the second type of uplink data is transmitted through the first subchannel 121, the downlink data is transmitted using the first subchannel 121. In another embodiment, the upload frequency of the second type of uplink data may be higher than the upload frequency of the first type of uplink data, and this will not be described here. By sharing a channel with the downlink data and the uplink data having a lower upload frequency, the load of the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122 can be reasonably shared, thereby improving the efficiency and flexibility of data transmission.

[0102] In some embodiments, the battery group 10 is configured to upload uplink data to one of the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122, and to upload the uplink data to the other of the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122 in response to a node in one of the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122 being in a communication abnormal state. Exemplarily, the battery group 10 may be pre-configured to upload the uplink data via the first subchannel 121. In this case, if the first subchannel 121 is in a communication abnormal state and the second subchannel 122 is in a communication normal state, it may be selected to upload the uplink data to the control device 200 via the second subchannel 122. Conversely, the battery group 10 may be pre-configured to upload the uplink data via the second subchannel 122. In this case, if the second subchannel 122 is in a communication abnormal state and the first subchannel 121 is in a communication normal state, it may be selected to upload the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first subchannel 121. As a result, even if a communication abnormality occurs in a certain sub-channel in the battery group 10, the transmission of uplink data is not affected, and the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200 is improved.

[0103] Furthermore, the battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the first end 100a transmits uplink data via the first sub-channel 121, and the battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the second end 100b transmits uplink data via the second sub-channel 122. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 13 , the battery system 1 includes four battery units 100, which are sequentially identified as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100 from top to bottom. When the third battery unit 100 is a node in the abnormal communication state, the first battery unit 100 and the second battery unit 100 transmit uplink data via the first sub-channel 121, and the fourth battery unit 100 transmits uplink data via the second sub-channel 122. This improves the stability of communication between the battery units 100 and the control device 200, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and alleviates the data transmission load.

[0104] In some embodiments, the specified data includes downlink data downloaded from the control device 200 to the battery unit 100, and the control device 200 is configured to selectively download the downlink data to the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122. The downlink data may include control signals downloaded from the control device 200 to the battery group 10, such as, but not limited to, sampling control signals that control the battery unit 100 to collect status data, or other function control signals that control the battery unit 100 to perform operations such as equalization. The control device 200 can generate the control signals as downlink data and then select the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122 to download the downlink data to the control device 200, thereby allowing the control device 200 to select the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122 to download the downlink data to the battery unit 100, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group 10 and the control device 200.

[0105] Furthermore, the control device 200 is configured to download downlink data to one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122, and to download the downlink data to the other of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 in response to a node in one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 being in a communication abnormal state. Exemplarily, the control device 200 may be pre-configured to download the downlink data via the first sub-channel 121. When the first sub-channel 121 is in a communication abnormal state and the second sub-channel 122 is in a communication normal state, the downlink data may be selected to be downloaded to each battery unit 100 via the second sub-channel 122. Conversely, the control device 200 may be pre-configured to download the downlink data via the second sub-channel 122. When the second sub-channel 122 is in a communication abnormal state and the first sub-channel 121 is in a communication normal state, the downlink data may be selected to be downloaded to each battery unit 100 via the first sub-channel 121. As a result, even if a communication abnormality occurs in a certain sub-channel in the battery group 10, the transmission of downlink data is not affected, and the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200 is improved.

[0106] Furthermore, the battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the first end 100a receives downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122, and the battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the second end 100b receives downlink data from the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121. For example, taking the example of four battery units 100 in FIG. 13 receiving downlink data, the four battery units 100 are sequentially distinguished from top to bottom as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100. If the third battery unit 100 is the node in the abnormal communication state, the first and second battery units 100 receive downlink data via the second sub-channel 122, and the fourth battery unit 100 receives downlink data via the first sub-channel 121. This improves the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and reduces the load of data transmission.

[0107] In some embodiments, the designated data includes local downlink data to be downloaded from the control device 200 to the designated battery unit 100, and the control device 200 is configured to selectively download the local downlink data to the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122 based on a principle of minimizing the number of hops to the designated battery unit 100. The local downlink data refers to data that needs to be transmitted only to a specific battery unit 100, such as the operating status between each battery unit 100 obtained by analyzing the uplink data and a specific control signal generated based on the operating status between each battery unit 100. Here, the local downlink data includes, but is not limited to, power balance data. The number of hops may be understood to be the number of nodes in a channel segment that data passes through in a channel when transmitting data using a channel. It should be understood that when data is transmitted directly from one communication node to another, the number of hops passed can be defined as one hop. The principle of minimizing the number of hops may be understood to mean that when downlink data from the control device 200 is downloaded to a specific battery unit 100, it is transmitted via a path corresponding to the minimum number of hops. As an example, in FIG. 13, four battery units 100 are shown uploading uplink data, and the four battery units 100 are sequentially distinguished from top to bottom as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100.When local downlink data needs to be downloaded to the third battery unit 100, if the first sub-channel 121 is selected to download the downlink data, the downlink data will be relayed in one hop via the fourth battery unit 100 and downloaded to the third battery unit 100. If the second sub-channel 122 is selected to download the downlink data, the downlink data will need to be relayed in two hops via the first and second battery units 100 to be downloaded to the third battery unit 100. Therefore, the third battery unit 100 should select the first sub-channel 121 to download the downlink data in accordance with the principle of minimizing the number of hops. Similarly, the second battery unit 100 should select the second sub-channel 122 to receive the downlink data in accordance with the principle of minimizing the number of hops. This reduces the number of hops in data transmission and reduces the data transmission load.

[0108] In some embodiments, the specified data includes global downlink data downloaded from the control device 200 to the multiple battery units 100, and the control device 200 is configured to download the global downlink data to the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122, respectively. The global downlink data may include, but is not limited to, control signals for controlling all of the battery units 100, such as sampling control signals for collecting status data of the battery units 100. To transmit the global downlink data to each battery unit 100 more quickly, the downlink data may be simultaneously downloaded via the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122. For example, in FIG. 13 , four battery units 100 are shown uploading uplink data. The four battery units 100 are sequentially identified as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100 from top to bottom. Downlink data can be downloaded to the third battery unit 100 and the fourth battery unit 100 via the first sub-channel 121, and simultaneously downloaded to the first battery unit 100 and the second battery unit 100 via the second sub-channel 122. This reduces the time delay of global downlink data and improves the transmission efficiency of downlink data.

[0109] In some embodiments, the battery group 10 is configured to transmit designated data using one of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 as a primary channel and to transmit designated data using the other of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 as a fallback channel, and the battery group 10 is configured to be able to switch between the primary channel and the fallback channel over time. The primary channel and the fallback channel can be set according to actual circumstances. For example, the first sub-channel 121 can be selected as the primary channel and the second sub-channel 122 can be selected as the fallback channel, or the second sub-channel 122 can be selected as the primary channel and the first sub-channel 121 can be selected as the fallback channel. The primary channel and the fallback channel can have different operating time periods, and the first operating time of the primary channel can be longer than the second operating time of the fallback channel. When the operating time of the primary channel reaches the first operating time, the battery group 10 begins operating using the fallback channel. For example, if the operating time of the primary channel is two hours and the operating time of the fallback channel is one hour, the battery group 10 switches to start operating using the fallback channel after the primary channel has been operating for two hours, and then switches back to start operating using the primary channel after the fallback channel has been operating for one hour, thereby allowing the first subchannel 121 and the second subchannel 122 to operate in a resting state in turn, reducing the load on a single subchannel and further improving the flexibility and stability of data transmission.

[0110] In the above embodiments, the data transmission method between battery units 100 in a single battery group 10 has been mainly described. However, in other embodiments, data transmission can also be performed between multiple battery groups 10. Please refer to FIG. 14, which is a structural plan view of a battery system according to a sixth embodiment.

[0111] The battery system 1 includes at least two battery groups 10 and a relay device 300. The battery units 100 in each battery group 10 are configured to form a first channel 120 for sequentially transmitting designated data, with the battery units 100 acting as nodes. At least two battery groups 10 can also form a second channel 210 for transmitting designated data between the battery units 10 and a control device 200. The number of battery groups 10 may include, but is not limited to, two, three, four, etc. Each battery group 10 may include, but is not limited to, any of the battery groups 10 described in the above embodiments. The data transmission method between each battery group 10 and the control device 200 may include, but is not limited to, any of the methods described in the above embodiments, and will not be described here.

[0112] Each relay device 300 is configured to form a third channel 310 for transmitting specified data between at least two battery groups 10, and the relay device 300 is further configured to transfer specified data between the battery groups 10. By communicatively connecting the relay device 300 and the battery units 100, data can be transmitted between the battery groups 10 and the relay device 300. The relay device 300 can communicate with the multiple battery units 100 via wired or wireless communication. Wireless communication may include Bluetooth communication, radio frequency communication, optical communication, etc. Compared to wired communication, wireless communication can alleviate problems such as complex wiring in the battery system 1 due to the need for a large number of connection harnesses between the battery units 100 and the relay device 300. The relay device 300 and the battery groups 10 communicate via the third channel 310 to transmit specified data between the battery groups 10, thereby improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0113] In some embodiments, the control device 200 is configured to selectively transmit designated data between at least some of the battery units 100 in the battery group 10 via the first channel 120 within the battery unit 100's own group, or via the relay device 300 and the first channels 120 of other battery groups 10. Each battery group 10 has a first channel 120, and each battery unit 100 in a single battery group 10 may transmit designated data to the control device 200 via the first channel 120. In this embodiment, the battery unit 100 may also transmit designated data to the control device 200 via the relay device 300 and the first channels 120 of other battery groups 10. 14 , the battery system 1 includes two battery groups 10, which are a first battery group 10 and a second battery group 10, arranged from left to right, and the four battery units 100 in each battery group 10 are sequentially identified as the first battery unit 100, the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100, and the fourth battery unit 100, arranged from top to bottom. If at least some of the battery units 100 are the third and fourth battery units 100 of the first battery group 10, the third and fourth battery units 100 of the first battery group 10 can be selected to transmit from the first channel 120 of the first battery group 10 to the control device 200, or to transmit to the relay device 300 via the first channel 120, then transfer to the second battery group 10 via the relay device 300, and then transmit to the control device 200 via the first channel 120 of the second battery group 10. This provides at least two data transmission paths between at least some of the battery units 100 and the control device 200, thereby reducing the communication failure rate.

[0114] It should be noted that the group of battery units 100 itself usually refers to the group in which a certain battery unit 100 is located. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , if the selected battery unit 100 is a battery unit 100 in a first battery group 10, the group of the selected battery unit 100 itself is the first battery group 10. If the selected battery unit 100 is a battery unit 100 in a second battery group 10, the group of the selected battery unit 100 itself is the second battery group 10.

[0115] Furthermore, the plurality of battery units 100 include end battery units 100 located at both ends of the battery group 10 and a middle battery unit 100 located between the end battery units 100, the first channel 120 includes a first sub-channel 121 and a second sub-channel 122 that are opposite in direction to each other, the control device 200 is configured to be connected to the end battery units 100 located at the first ends 100a of the at least two battery groups 10 via the second channel 210, and the relay device 300 is configured to be connected to the end battery units 100 located at the second ends 100b of the at least two battery groups 10 via the third channel 310. The ends of the battery group 10 may be the two ends of the first channel 120 or the ends to which the battery group 10 is connected to another part. By having the control device 200 and the relay device 300 communicatively connected to the two ends of the battery group 10, respectively, designated data downloaded from the control device 200 can be transmitted to each battery unit 100 via the first sub-channel 121 or the second sub-channel 122, and similarly, the relay device 300 can receive designated data transmitted by each battery unit 100 via the third channel 310. This allows the control device 200 and the relay device 300 to be configured to communicatively connect to each end battery unit 100, simplifying the communication architecture and improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0116] The transmission direction of the first sub-channel 121 is from the second end 100b to the first end 100a, and the transmission direction of the second sub-channel 122 is from the first end 100a to the second end 100b. The first end 100a may be the end where the first battery unit 100 of the arranged plurality of battery units 100 is located, and the second end 100b may be the end where the last battery unit 100 of the arranged plurality of battery units 100 is located. The transmission direction of the first sub-channel 121 is from the end of the battery group 10 close to the relay device 300 to the end of the battery group 10 close to the control device 200, and the transmission direction of the second sub-channel 122 is from the end of the battery group 10 close to the control device 200 to the end of the battery group 10 close to the relay device 300.

[0117] In some embodiments, the specified data includes uplink data uploaded from the battery unit 100 to the control device 200, and the middle battery unit 100 is configured to selectively transmit the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 within its own group, or via the second sub-channel 122 within its own group, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channels 121 of the other battery groups 10. The middle battery unit 100 can transmit the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 within its own group to reduce the number of hops in data transmission, or download the uplink data to the relay device 300 via the second sub-channel 122 within its own group, further forward it to the other battery groups 10 by the relay device 300, and upload the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the other battery groups 10. This allows the middle battery unit 100 to select different transmission paths to communicate with the control device 200, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200.

[0118] Furthermore, the central battery unit 100 is configured to be able to transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 within its own group in response to all nodes in the first sub-channel 121 within its own group being in a normal communication state. When all nodes in all first sub-channels 121 within a battery group 10 are in a normal communication state, the central battery unit 100 preferentially transmits uplink data using the first sub-channel 121 within its own group, thereby reducing the number of hops in data transmission and the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0119] Alternatively, the middle battery unit 100 is configured to be able to transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 in its own group in response to a downstream node in the first sub-channel 121 in its own group being in a normal communication state. The downstream node refers to a node on the remaining transmission path when a certain battery unit 100 transmits uplink data. For example, in the plan view shown in Figure 14, taking the first battery group 10 as an example, when it is necessary to transmit uplink data of the third battery unit 100 via the first sub-channel 121, it is sufficient to consider whether the third battery unit 100 and the first sub-channel 121 formed between the second battery unit 100 and the first battery unit 100 are in a normal communication state. If so, the uplink data is sent to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10, and the first sub-channel 121 within its own group is preferentially used to transmit the uplink data, thereby reducing the number of hops in data transmission and alleviating the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0120] In some embodiments, the middle battery unit 100 is configured to be able to transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 within the middle battery unit 100's own group, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channels 121 of other battery groups 10 in response to a node within the first sub-channel 121 within the middle battery unit 100's own group being in an abnormal communication state.

[0121] In one application scenario, all of the middle battery units 100 in a certain battery group 10 may transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channels 121 of the other battery groups 10. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , taking the first battery group 10 as an example, if the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10 is in an abnormal state due to an abnormality in the first battery unit 100, the middle battery unit 100 cannot transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10. Therefore, the middle battery unit 100 can select to transmit the uplink data to the relay device 300 via the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10, and then forward the uplink data to the second battery group 10 via the relay device 300, and transmit the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the second battery group 10. As a result, even if there is a communication abnormality in the first sub-channel 121 within its own group, the transmission of uplink data is not affected, and the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200 is improved.

[0122] In another application scenario, some of the middle battery units 100 in a certain battery group 10 may upload uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121, and the remaining battery units 100 may transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of another battery group 10.

[0123] Specifically, the middle battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the first end 100a transmits uplink data via the first sub-channel 121 within the middle battery unit 100's own group, and the middle battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the second end 100b transmits uplink data to the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 within the middle battery unit 100's own group, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channel 121 of other battery groups 10. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , taking the first battery group 10 as an example, if the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10 is in an abnormal state due to an abnormality in the third battery unit 100, the fourth battery unit 100 cannot transmit uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10. Therefore, the fourth battery unit 100 may choose to transmit uplink data to the relay device 300 via the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10, and then transfer the uplink data to the second battery group 10 via the relay device 300, and transmit the uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the second battery group 10, but the second battery unit 100 still transmits uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10. As a result, differentiated transmission is performed according to the position of the battery unit 100 relative to the communication abnormal node, and in the case of a battery unit 100 that can communicate with the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 in its own group, the battery unit 100 transmits uplink data preferentially using the first sub-channel 121 in its own group. In the case of a battery unit 100 that cannot communicate with the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 in its own group, the battery unit 100 transmits uplink data to the control device 200 via the first sub-channel 121 in another group. This improves the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and reduces the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0124] In some embodiments, the specified data includes downlink data downloaded from the control device 200 to the battery units 100, and the middle battery unit 100 is configured to selectively receive the downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 in its own group, or via the second sub-channel 122 of another battery group 10, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channel 121 in its own group. The downlink data may include a control signal downloaded from the control device 200 to the battery group 10. The control device 200 can generate the control signal as downlink data and then select the second sub-channel 122 of the battery group 10 to transmit the downlink data to each battery unit 100 of each battery group 10, or select the second sub-channel 122 of the other battery group 10, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channel 121 of its own group to transmit the downlink data to each battery unit 100. This allows the middle battery unit 100 to select different transmission paths for communicating with the control device 200, thereby increasing the flexibility of data transmission between the battery group 10 and the control device 200.

[0125] Furthermore, the central battery unit 100 is configured to receive downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 within its own group in response to all nodes in the second sub-channel 122 within its own group being in a normal communication state. This allows the central battery unit 100 to receive downlink data preferentially using the second sub-channel 122 within its own group, reducing the number of hops in data transmission and the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0126] Alternatively, the middle battery unit 100 is configured to receive downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 in its own group in response to the upstream node in the second sub-channel 122 in the middle battery unit 100's own group being in a normal communication state. The upstream node refers to a node in the transmission path when a certain battery unit 100 receives downlink data. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , taking the first battery group 10 as an example, when the control device 200 needs to transmit downlink data to the third battery unit 100 via the second sub-channel 122, it only needs to consider whether the second sub-channel 122 formed between the third battery unit 100 and the first battery unit 100 is in a normal communication state. If so, the downlink data transmitted from the control device 200 is received via the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10. This allows the second sub-channel 122 in its own group to be used preferentially to receive downlink data, reducing the number of hops in data transmission and reducing the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0127] Furthermore, the central battery unit 100 is configured to be able to receive downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 of another battery group 10, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channel 121 in the central battery unit 100's own group in response to a node in the second sub-channel 122 in the central battery unit 100's own group being in an abnormal communication state.

[0128] In one application scenario, all of the middle battery units 100 in a certain battery group 10 may receive downlink data transmitted from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 of the other battery groups 10. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , taking the first battery group 10 as an example, if the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10 is in an abnormal state due to an abnormality in the second battery unit 100, the third battery unit 100 cannot receive downlink data via the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10. Therefore, the third battery unit 100 may select to receive the downlink data via the second sub-channel 122 of the second battery group 10, transmit the downlink data to the relay device 300, and then forward the data to the first battery group 10 via the relay device 300, and further transmit the downlink data to the fourth battery unit 100 and the third battery unit 100 via the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10. As a result, even if there is a communication abnormality in the second sub-channel 122 within its own group, the transmission of downlink data is not affected, and the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200 is improved.

[0129] In another application scenario, some of the middle battery units 100 in a certain battery group 10 may receive downlink data transmitted from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122, and the remaining battery units 100 may receive downlink data transmitted from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 of another battery group 10, the relay device 300, and their own first sub-channel 121.

[0130] Specifically, the central battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the first end 100a receives downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 within the group of the central battery unit 100 itself, and the central battery unit 100 located between the node in the abnormal communication state and the second end 100b receives downlink data from the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 of another battery group 10, the relay device 300, and the first sub-channel 121 within the group of the central battery unit 100 itself. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 14 , taking the first battery group 10 as an example, if the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10 is in an abnormal state due to an abnormality in the third battery unit 100, the fourth battery unit 100 cannot receive downlink data through the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10. Therefore, the fourth battery unit 100 transmits the downlink data to the relay device 300 through the second sub-channel 122 of the second battery group 10, and then forwards the downlink data to the first battery group 10 through the relay device 300. The downlink data can then be transmitted to the fourth battery unit 100 through the first sub-channel 121 of the first battery group 10, but the second battery unit 100 still receives the downlink data through the second sub-channel 122 of the first battery group 10. As a result, differentiated transmission is performed according to the position of the battery unit 100 relative to the communication abnormal node, and in the case of a battery unit 100 that can communicate with the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 in its own group, the battery unit 100 receives downlink data preferentially using the second sub-channel 122 in its own group. In the case of a battery unit 100 that cannot communicate with the control device 200 via the second sub-channel 122 in its own group, the battery unit 100 may receive downlink data via the second sub-channel 122 in another group and the relay device 300. This improves the stability of communication between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200, reduces the number of hops in data transmission, and alleviates the load on other battery groups 10 during data transmission.

[0131] In the above embodiment, the relay device 300 communicates directly with the end battery units 100 of the battery group 10, but in other embodiments, the relay device 300 may communicate directly with the middle battery units 100 of the battery group 10. This is as shown in Figure 15, which is a schematic plan view of the structure of a battery system according to a seventh embodiment.

[0132] The plurality of battery units 100 include end battery units 100 located at both ends of the battery group 10 and middle battery units 100 located between the end battery units 100, and the control unit 200 is configured to be connected to the end battery units 100 at the first end 100a and / or the second end 100b of at least two battery groups 10 via the second channel 210, respectively, and the relay device 300 is configured to be connected to the middle battery units 100 of the at least two battery groups 10 via the third channel 310, respectively. The control unit may be communicatively connected to the battery units 100 located at the first end 100a of the battery group 10, or may be communicatively connected to the battery units 100 located at the second end 100b of the battery group 10, or may be communicatively connected to the battery units 100 located at the first end 100a of the battery group 10 and the battery units 100 located at the second end 100b of the battery group 10 simultaneously. The relay device 300 is located between two battery groups 10 and can be simultaneously connected to the battery units 100 of both battery groups 10 via the third channel 310. For example, in the plan view shown in FIG. 15 , the battery system 1 includes two battery groups 10 and one relay device 300, and the relay device 300 communicates with the third battery unit 100 of the first battery group 10 and the third battery unit 100 of the second battery group 10 via the third channel 310. In other embodiments, the relay device 300 may further communicate with battery units 100 in different battery groups 10 in different arrangement orders via the third channel 310. For example, the relay device 300 is connected to the third battery unit 100 of the first battery group 10 and the second battery unit 100 of the second battery group 10 via the third channel 310. In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of relay devices 300, for example, one relay device 300 is connected between battery units 100 in the same arrangement order in two battery groups 10. In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of battery groups 10, and one or more relay devices 300 may be connected between every two battery groups 10.This allows the control device 200 to be configured to communicate with the end battery unit 100 and the relay device 300 to be configured to communicate with the middle battery unit 100, simplifying the communication architecture and further improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0133] In this embodiment, the first channel 120 may include a first sub-channel 121 and a second sub-channel 122 in opposite directions. Here, the specific embodiments of the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 are similar to the first sub-channel 121 and the second sub-channel 122 in the above embodiment, and therefore, the description thereof will be omitted here.

[0134] Some embodiments provided in the present application further include detecting the communication status of the battery unit 100, and the detection method is applicable to the battery system 1 of any of the above embodiments.

[0135] The battery unit 100 is further configured to detect the communication status of adjacent channel nodes. The adjacent channel nodes may be the upstream channel node and the downstream channel node closest to the current battery unit 100. It should be noted that when a channel is configured using the battery unit 100 as a channel node, detecting the communication status of the channel node may also mean detecting the communication status of the battery unit 100 corresponding to the channel node. In this way, the battery unit 100 can be used to detect the communication status of adjacent nodes, improving the real-time detection of the communication status and providing corresponding feedback on the data transmission policy.

[0136] Furthermore, the battery unit 100 is configured to generate a communication abnormality indication for the upstream node in response to not receiving specified data from the upstream node within a first predetermined period. The first predetermined period can be set according to actual conditions. For example, the first predetermined period can be set according to the data upload frequency, such as 1 to 2 times the upload frequency, and the upload frequency can vary depending on different data to be uploaded. For example, if the data to be uploaded is voltage, the upload frequency can be 50 to 150 milliseconds, and if the data to be uploaded is temperature, the upload frequency can be 900 to 1100 milliseconds. In a normal state, when data is transmitted between battery units 100, a previous battery unit 100 transmits specified data to a subsequent battery unit 100. If the subsequent battery unit 100 does not receive the specified data transmitted from the previous battery unit 100 within the first predetermined period, it can be determined that the previous battery unit 100 is in a communication abnormality state. This allows the determination of whether the communication of the upstream node is abnormal based on whether or not the specified data is received within the first predetermined period, further improving the real-time detection of the communication status and providing appropriate feedback on the data transmission policy.

[0137] Optionally, the battery unit 100 is configured to generate a communication abnormality indication for the downstream node in response to not receiving reception feedback from the downstream node within a second predetermined period after transmitting designated data to the downstream node. The method for setting the second predetermined period may be the same as the method for setting the first predetermined period, and description thereof will be omitted here. In a normal state, when data is transmitted between the battery units 100, the previous battery unit 100 transmits designated data to the subsequent battery unit 100, and the subsequent battery unit 100 transmits a feedback signal to the previous battery unit 100 after receiving the designated data. If the previous battery unit 100 does not receive feedback from the subsequent battery unit 100 within the second predetermined period, it can be determined that the subsequent battery unit 100 is in a communication abnormality state. In this way, whether communication with the downstream node is abnormal is determined based on whether feedback is received within the second predetermined period, further improving the real-time detection of the communication state and enabling the data transmission policy to be fed back accordingly.

[0138] In some embodiments provided in the present application, the relay device 300 can simultaneously communicate with battery groups at different locations. See Figures 16 and 17, where Figure 16 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to an eighth embodiment, and Figure 17 is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a ninth embodiment.

[0139] The multiple battery units 100 include end battery units 100 located at both ends of the battery group 10 and middle battery units 100 located between the end battery units 100. The end battery units 100 are battery units 100 located at both ends in the arrangement direction of the multiple battery units 100 in the battery group 10, and correspondingly, the middle battery units 100 are battery units 100 located in the middle in the arrangement direction of the multiple battery units 100 in the battery group 10.

[0140] At least two battery groups 10 include a first part battery group 11 and a second part battery group 12, and the relay device 300 includes a first relay device 301, and the first part battery group 11 and the second part battery group 12 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first relay device 301, and the first relay device 301 is connected to an end battery unit 100 at a second end 11b of the first part battery group 11 via a third channel 310, and is also connected to an end battery unit 100 at a first end 12a of the second part battery group 12 via the third channel 310.

[0141] In this embodiment, the number of battery groups 10 may be two, three, or more. Each battery group 10 may be the battery group 10 of any of the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted here. All battery groups 10 may be divided into multiple parts, for example, two parts, each consisting of a first part battery group 11 and a second part battery group 12. In other embodiments, the battery groups may be divided into three, four, or more parts. For example, referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, the total number of battery groups 10 is eight, and the eight battery groups 10 are divided into a first part battery group 11 and a second part battery group 12, each of which includes four battery groups 10. The first relay device 301 is located between the first part battery group 11 and the second part battery group 12, so that the first relay device 301 can easily communicate with the battery units 100 in different battery groups in each part.

[0142] It should be noted that the first end 11a and second end 11b of the first battery group 11 and the first end 12a and second end 12b of the second battery group 12 are relative concepts and do not necessarily represent actual ends. For example, in Figures 16 and 17, the end of the first battery group 11 close to the control device 200 can be defined as the first end 11a, the end of the first battery group 11 close to the first relay device 301 can be defined as the second end 11b, the end of the second battery group 12 close to the first relay device 301 can be defined as the first end 12a, and the end of the second battery group 12 away from the first relay device 301 can be defined as the second end 12b.

[0143] In this embodiment, the first relay device 301 is connected to the end battery unit 100 at the second end 11b of the first portion of the battery group 11 via the third channel 310, and is also connected to the end battery unit 100 at the first end 12a of the second portion of the battery group 12 via the third channel 310. The first relay device 301 facilitates data transfer between multiple battery groups 10, thereby simplifying the communication architecture of the battery system 1 and making it easier to reasonably configure the arrangement of the battery groups 10, and improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0144] 16 , the control device 200 is configured to be connected to the end battery unit 100 at the first end 11 a of the first portion of the battery group 11 and the end battery unit 100 at the second end 12 b of the second portion of the battery group 12 via the second channel 210. In some embodiments, the number of control devices 200 is two, with one control device 200 located at the first end 11 a of the first portion of the battery group 11 and easily communicating with the end battery unit 100 at the first end 11 a of the first portion of the battery group 11 via the second channel 210, and the other control device 200 located at the second end 12 b of the second portion of the battery group 12 and easily communicating with the end battery unit 100 at the second end 12 b of the second portion of the battery group 12 via the second channel 210. In some other embodiments, there may be only one control device 200, which may be connected to the end battery unit 100 at the first end 11a of the first battery group 11 and the end battery unit 100 at the second end 12b of the second battery group 12 in the manner shown in Fig. 13, and the description thereof will be omitted here. This simplifies the communication architecture of the battery system 1 and improves the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery unit 100 and the control device 200.

[0145] 17 , the relay device 300 includes a second relay device 302, and the control device 200 is configured to be connected to the end battery units 100 at the first end 11a of the battery groups 11 in the first portion via the second channels 210, respectively. The second relay device 302 is connected to the end battery units 100 at the second end 12b of the battery groups 12 in the second portion via the third channels 310. The second relay device 302 may be located at the second end 12b of the battery groups 12 in the second portion so as to easily communicate with the end battery units 100 at the second end 12b of the battery groups 12 in the second portion via the third channels 310. This simplifies the communication architecture of the battery system 1 and improves the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0146] In some embodiments provided in the present application, the relay device 300 can directly transfer data between the battery units 100, see FIG. 18, which is a structural schematic plan view of a battery system according to a tenth embodiment.

[0147] The battery system 1 includes a plurality of battery units 100 and a relay device 300. The plurality of battery units 100 are configured to communicate with a control device 200 and transmit designated data, and the relay device 300 is configured to transfer designated data between at least some of the battery units 100.

[0148] Each battery unit 100 can communicate directly with the control device 200. Specifically, the communication method may include wired communication or wireless communication. Wireless communication may include Bluetooth communication, radio frequency communication, optical communication, etc. Compared to wired communication, wireless communication can alleviate problems such as complex wiring due to the need for a large number of connection harnesses in the battery system 1. The specified data may include status data of the battery units 100 or control signals of the control device 200. For example, the status data may include voltage data, power data, current data, temperature data, pressure data, etc. The control signals may include sampling control signals that control the battery units 100 to collect corresponding status data, or other function control signals that control the battery units 100 to perform operations such as equalization. The number of relay devices 300 may be one or more, thereby allowing the relay devices 300 to transfer data between at least some of the battery units 100. 18 includes four battery units 100 and two relay devices 300, with one relay device 300 connecting the first battery unit 100 to the second battery unit 100, and another relay device 300 connecting the third battery unit 100 to the fourth battery unit 100. In other embodiments, communication between two battery units 100 may be via one relay device 300, or communication between more battery units 100 may be via one relay device 300, and this is not described here. This allows the battery units 100 and the control device 200 to communicate directly, improving data transmission efficiency. Furthermore, designated data may be transferred between the battery units 100 via the relay device 300, improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0149] 18 , each of the battery units 100 communicates with the control device 200 via a first channel 220, and at least some of the battery units 100 communicate with the relay device 300 via a second channel 320. Here, the first channel 220 and the second channel 320 can be realized by a wired communication method and / or a wireless communication method, and the description thereof will be omitted here. This allows the battery units 100 and the control device 200 to communicate directly, improving the efficiency of data transmission. Furthermore, designated data can be transferred between the battery units 100 via the relay device 300, improving the flexibility of data transmission between the battery units 100 and between the battery units 100 and the control device 200.

[0150] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the same. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified or equivalently substituted for some or all of the technical features thereof, and that such modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions and the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are all within the scope of the claims and the description of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural contradiction, any technical features described in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0151] 1 Battery System 10 Battery Group 100 Battery Unit 100a 1st end 100b 2nd end 11 First part battery group 11a 1st end 11b 2nd end 12 Second part battery group 12a 1st end 12b 2nd end 101 Communication Module 110 Optical communication module 111 Light collecting element T optical transmitter T1 1st Optical Transmitter T2 Second optical transmitter R Optical receiver 120 Channel 1 121 1st subchannel 122 Second Subchannel 130 Housing 141 First Pole 142 Second Pole 151 Sensors 152 processors D1 1st direction D2 2nd direction D3 Separation direction A intersection angle L1 deviation distance L2 maximum size B1 First reference line segment B2 Second base line segment O1 Center of the first reference line segment O2 Center of the second reference line segment 200 control device 210 Second Channel 300 Relay Device 310 Third Channel

Claims

1. at least two battery groups each including a plurality of battery units, the plurality of battery units in each battery group being configured to be able to form a first channel for sequentially transmitting designated data with the battery units as nodes, and at least two battery groups each being able to form a second channel for transmitting the designated data between the at least two battery groups and a control device; a relay device configured to form a third channel for transmitting the specified data between each of the at least two battery groups, and further configured to transfer the specified data between the battery groups; A battery system comprising:

2. 2. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the designated data can be selectively transmitted between at least some of the battery units in the battery group and the control device via the first channel within the group of the battery unit itself, or via the first channel of the relay device and other battery groups.

3. 3. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery group and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, the first channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel in opposite directions, the control devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units located at first ends of the at least two battery groups via the second channels, and the relay devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units located at second ends of the at least two battery groups via the third channels.

4. 4. The battery system of claim 3, wherein the transmission direction of the first sub-channel is from the second end to the first end, the transmission direction of the second sub-channel is from the first end to the second end, the specified data includes uplink data uploaded from the battery unit to the control device, and the middle battery unit is configured to selectively transmit the uplink data to the control device via the first sub-channel within its own group, or transmit the uplink data to the control device via the second sub-channel within its own group, the relay device, and the first sub-channels of the other battery groups.

5. the middle battery unit is configured to be able to transmit the uplink data to the control device via a first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group in response to all nodes in a first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group being in a normal communication state; Alternatively, the middle battery unit is configured to be able to transmit the uplink data to the control device via a first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group in response to a downstream node in the first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group being in a normal communication state.

6. 6. The battery system of claim 4, wherein the middle battery unit is configured to transmit the uplink data to the control device via a second sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group, the relay device, and the first sub-channels of the other battery groups in response to a node in the first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group being in an abnormal communication state.

7. 7. The battery system of claim 6, wherein the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the first end transmits the uplink data via a first sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group, and the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the second end transmits the uplink data to the control device via a second sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group, the relay device, and the first sub-channel of the other battery group.

8. 8. The battery system of claim 3, wherein the transmission direction of the first sub-channel is from the second end to the first end, the transmission direction of the second sub-channel is from the first end to the second end, the specified data includes downlink data downloaded from the control device to the battery units, and the middle battery unit is configured to selectively receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel within its own group, or receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel of another of the battery groups, the relay device, and the first sub-channel within its own group.

9. the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group in response to all nodes in the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group being in a normal communication state; Alternatively, the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group in response to an upstream node in the second sub-channel within the middle battery unit's own group being in a normal communication state.

10. 10. The battery system of claim 9, wherein the middle battery unit is configured to receive the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel of another battery group, the relay device, and the first sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group in response to a node in the second sub-channel in the middle battery unit's own group being in an abnormal communication state.

11. 11. The battery system of claim 10, wherein the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the first end receives the downlink data from the control device via a second sub-channel within the group of the middle battery unit itself, and the middle battery unit located between the node in an abnormal communication state and the second end receives the downlink data from the control device via the second sub-channel of another of the battery groups, the relay device, and the first sub-channel within the group of the middle battery unit itself.

12. 3. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery group and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, the control devices are configured to be connected to the end battery units at the first end and / or the second end of the at least two battery groups via the second channel, and the relay devices are configured to be connected to the middle battery units of the at least two battery groups via the third channel, respectively.

13. The battery system of claim 12 , wherein the first channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel that are opposite in direction to each other.

14. the plurality of battery units include end battery units located at both ends of the battery group and a middle battery unit located between the end battery units, 3. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the at least two battery groups include a first portion of battery groups and a second portion of battery groups, the relay device includes a first relay device, the first portion of battery groups and the second portion of battery groups are respectively provided on both sides of the first relay device, and the first relay device is connected to an end battery unit at a second end in the first portion of battery groups via the third channel and is also connected to an end battery unit at a first end in the second portion of battery groups via the third channel.

15. The control device is configured to be connected to a first end battery unit in the first portion of the battery group and a second end battery unit in the second portion of the battery group via the second channel, respectively; or 15. The battery system of claim 14, wherein the relay device includes a second relay device, the control device is configured to be connected to an end battery unit at a first end in the battery group of the first portion via the second channel, and the second relay device is connected to an end battery unit at a second end in the battery group of the second portion via the third channel.

16. 16. The battery system of claim 1, wherein the battery unit is further configured to detect a communication state of an adjacent channel node.

17. 17. The battery system of claim 16, wherein the battery unit is configured to generate a communication anomaly indication for the upstream node in response to not receiving the specified data from the upstream node within a first predetermined time period.

18. 18. The battery system of claim 16, wherein the battery unit is configured to generate a communication anomaly indication for the downstream node in response to not receiving reception feedback from the downstream node within a second predetermined period of time after transmitting the specified data to the downstream node.

19. 19. The battery system of claim 1, wherein the battery unit is a battery cell, the battery cell includes a sensor, a processor, and a communication module, the sensor is used to collect parameters of the battery cell, the communication module is used to form at least the first channel, and the processor generates the specified data based on the parameters and / or controls the sensor and / or the communication module based on the specified data.

20. a plurality of battery units configured to communicate with the controller and transmit specified data; a relay device configured to transfer the specified data between at least some of the battery units.

21. Each of the plurality of battery units communicates with the control device via a first channel, and each of the at least some of the battery units communicates with the relay device via a second channel, or 21. The battery system of claim 20, wherein the plurality of battery units are grouped into at least two battery groups, the battery units in each of the battery groups are configured to form a first channel for sequentially transmitting the designated data with the battery units as nodes, the at least two battery groups can further form a second channel for transmitting the designated data with a control device, and the relay devices are configured to form a third channel for transmitting the designated data with the at least two battery groups, and to transfer the designated data between the battery groups.

22. An electrical device, characterized in that it comprises a battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

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